EP4246070A1 - Procédé et installation de liquéfaction de gaz - Google Patents

Procédé et installation de liquéfaction de gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4246070A1
EP4246070A1 EP22020419.2A EP22020419A EP4246070A1 EP 4246070 A1 EP4246070 A1 EP 4246070A1 EP 22020419 A EP22020419 A EP 22020419A EP 4246070 A1 EP4246070 A1 EP 4246070A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
countercurrent heat
nitrogen
warm
operating periods
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP22020419.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Wolfgang Haag
Thomas Hecht
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Priority to EP22020419.2A priority Critical patent/EP4246070A1/fr
Publication of EP4246070A1 publication Critical patent/EP4246070A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/0017—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/002—Argon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0236—Heat exchange integration providing refrigeration for different processes treating not the same feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0247—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control start-up of the process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0248—Stopping of the process, e.g. defrosting or deriming, maintenance; Back-up mode or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0274—Retrofitting or revamping of an existing liquefaction unit
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    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas liquefaction process and a corresponding system.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the operation of corresponding systems and to expand it to include other liquefaction products.
  • nitrogen oxygen
  • oxygen argon
  • nitrogen oxygen
  • argon should be understood to mean the corresponding pure substances, but also mixtures with a content of, for example, more than 90%, 95% or 99% of the specified component.
  • Liquefaction of oxygen and/or argon can also be integrated into the processes for liquefying nitrogen explained at the beginning. To liquefy the oxygen and/or argon, it can be passed through the same countercurrent heat exchanger that is also used to liquefy the nitrogen.
  • the countercurrent heat exchanger used to liquefy the nitrogen is referred to as the “first” heat exchanger and the additional heat exchanger as the “second” heat exchanger.
  • Embodiments of the present invention solve these problems by providing an additional passage in the second countercurrent heat exchanger through which gaseous nitrogen is passed at high pressure of, for example, approximately 10 to 30 or 10 to 40 bar absolute pressure and, for example, ambient temperature (here also referred to as "warm pressurized nitrogen " designated). This warm pressurized nitrogen is cooled in the second countercurrent heat exchanger.
  • cold, gaseous nitrogen obtained during the expansion can be used to preset a temperature profile in the second countercurrent heat exchanger before the oxygen and/or argon liquefaction begins be fed back to the end.
  • the warm pressure nitrogen which cools down during the aforementioned relaxation due to the Joule-Thomson effect, or the cold low-pressure nitrogen that forms, is used here to preset a temperature profile in the second countercurrent heat exchanger before the actual oxygen and/or argon liquefaction begins is taken.
  • a corresponding operating period is also referred to here as a “cooling down period”
  • a corresponding operating mode is also referred to as “cooling down operation”, etc.
  • the warm high-pressure nitrogen can continue to be passed through the second countercurrent heat exchanger. However, this is no longer fed back to the second countercurrent heat exchanger as before (as cold low-pressure nitrogen), but is instead blown off into the environment, for example. In this way, the second countercurrent heat exchanger can be heated to such an extent that there is no longer any liquid nitrogen in it.
  • a corresponding operating period is also referred to here as a “warm-up period”, a corresponding operating mode as “warm-up mode”, etc.
  • the second countercurrent heat exchanger If the second countercurrent heat exchanger remains out of operation for a longer period of time, the temperature in it equalizes. This would result in excessive temperature differences at the warm and cold ends when restarting. Therefore, from time to time, warm, high-pressure nitrogen can be used in the manner explained in the second Countercurrent heat exchanger are cooled, with a partial flow of this, after appropriate expansion, being fed back to the second countercurrent heat exchanger as cold low-pressure nitrogen. The rest or another partial stream can be blown off as in warm-up mode. Using such a procedure, the temperature at the cold end of the second countercurrent heat exchanger can be adjusted.
  • a corresponding operating period is also referred to here as an “intercooling period”
  • a corresponding operating mode is also referred to as “intermediate temperature control operation”, etc.
  • the present invention proposes a process for gas liquefaction in which warm compressed nitrogen is provided at a pressure level of 10 to 30 bar or 10 to 40 bar absolute pressure and at a temperature level of 10 to 50 ° C, as already explained above.
  • a subset of the warm pressurized nitrogen (referred to here as the “first subset”) is increased in pressure, in particular in a serial arrangement of two turbine-driven boosters, and then into one Portion condensed in a first countercurrent heat exchanger to obtain liquid nitrogen.
  • This liquid nitrogen can be expanded into a container, whereby a gas phase that forms can be heated in the first countercurrent heat exchanger, in particular together with further gas, which also increases the pressure in the serial arrangement of the two turbine-driven boosters, but then in the first countercurrent heat exchanger is cooled and turbine-expanded without liquefaction.
  • the liquid phase from the container can be supercooled and partially provided as a liquid nitrogen product. It can be used in the context of the present invention in particular as explained below.
  • the present invention relates to a method in which gaseous oxygen and/or gaseous argon is condensed during one or more first operating periods in a second countercurrent heat exchanger to obtain liquid oxygen and/or liquid argon, i.e. an arrangement with a separate countercurrent heat exchanger for oxygen and/or Argon liquefaction as already explained.
  • condensation does not occur outside the one or more first operating periods or outside the one or more first operating periods in an amount that is significantly less than during the one or more first operating periods, ie less than 10% thereof.
  • a “separate" countercurrent heat exchanger is characterized by the fact that the heat exchanger passages of the first and second countercurrent heat exchangers are not connected to one another except for corresponding lines or support means or, in particular, there is no heat exchange between passages of the first and second countercurrent heat exchanger via common heat exchange surfaces (e.g. separating plates of a plate heat exchanger). is provided.
  • the cold required for the liquefaction of the liquid nitrogen is provided during the one or more first operating periods by evaporating a portion of the liquid nitrogen (i.e. in particular the aforementioned supercooled liquid nitrogen) to obtain gaseous nitrogen in the first countercurrent heat exchanger. This also occurs in particular not or in a significantly smaller amount outside of the one or more first operating periods, in particular in an amount of less than 10%.
  • the different temperature control modes i.e. the pre-cooling before the liquefaction operation, the heating after the liquefaction operation, as well as the intermediate temperature control, always take place using a second subset of the warm pressurized nitrogen, which is during one or more second operating periods (which in particular outside of the one or of the several first operating periods) is cooled in the second countercurrent heat exchanger.
  • Different configurations which have already been mentioned previously, include relaxation (and corresponding further cooling) as well as partial or complete recovery into the second countercurrent heat exchanger or a partial or complete execution of the process, for example blowing off into the atmosphere.
  • the one or more second operating periods can include one or more temperature control periods, during which the second subset of the warm compressed nitrogen is cooled by relaxation after cooling in the second countercurrent heat exchanger and partially or completely fed back to the second countercurrent heat exchanger .
  • a temperature profile or a setting can be made The cold end of the second countercurrent heat exchanger is kept cold, as already explained previously.
  • the one or more temperature control periods can therefore include a cooling period, which is followed by the one or more of the first operating periods and during which the second subset of the warm compressed nitrogen is cooled by relaxation after cooling in the second countercurrent heat exchanger and completely (or at least to one) in the second countercurrent heat exchanger the majority of more than 80%, 90% or the like) is fed back. In this way, a correspondingly cooled second countercurrent heat exchanger is available again for subsequent liquefaction operation.
  • the one or more temperature control periods can also include an intermediate cooling period, which lies between two of the first operating periods and during which a first portion of the second subset of the warm compressed nitrogen is cooled by relaxation after cooling in the second countercurrent heat exchanger and fed back to the second countercurrent heat exchanger, wherein a second portion of the second subset of the warm pressurized nitrogen is not fed back to the second countercurrent heat exchanger after cooling in the second countercurrent heat exchanger.
  • This embodiment relates in particular to keeping the cold end of the second countercurrent heat exchanger cold.
  • the one or more temperature control periods can also include a warm-up period which follows the or one of the first operating periods, and during which the second subset of the warm compressed nitrogen after cooling in the second countercurrent heat exchanger is not supplied to the second countercurrent heat exchanger or is supplied in an amount of less than 10 % is fed back in. In this way, the aforementioned heating of the second countercurrent heat exchanger can be achieved and thereby the accumulation of liquid nitrogen in the second countercurrent heat exchanger can be avoided.
  • a further embodiment of the invention may include that a subset of the pressure-increased warm pressurized nitrogen and/or the liquid nitrogen is at a pressure level below the pressure level of the warm pressurized nitrogen and at a Temperature level below the temperature level of the warm compressed nitrogen is provided in gaseous form and is passed through the second countercurrent heat exchanger during one or more third operating periods before the one or more first operating periods and before the one or more second operating periods.
  • the nitrogen used for this can in particular be nitrogen, which is increased in pressure in the serial booster arrangement, then cooled without liquefaction in the first countercurrent heat exchanger, and then expanded in turbines that are coupled to the boosters of the serial booster arrangement.
  • it can be nitrogen, which becomes gaseous when the liquefied nitrogen is expanded.
  • a portion of the pressure-increased first subset of the warm pressurized nitrogen that is not condensed in the first countercurrent heat exchanger while retaining the liquid nitrogen can be at least partially cooled in the first countercurrent heat exchanger, turbine-expanded and heated in the first countercurrent heat exchanger, whereby cold for the Liquefaction of the nitrogen can be provided in the first countercurrent heat exchanger.
  • liquid nitrogen can be subcooled to obtain supercooled liquid nitrogen, wherein the subset of the liquid nitrogen that is evaporated during the one or more first operating periods to obtain gaseous nitrogen in the first countercurrent heat exchanger is a subset of the subcooled Liquid nitrogen can be.
  • a gas liquefaction system is also the subject of the present invention.
  • This has a compressor arrangement which is set up to provide warm pressurized nitrogen at a pressure level of 10 to 30 bar or 10 to 40 bar absolute pressure and at a temperature level of 10 to 50 ° C, a booster arrangement and a first countercurrent heat exchanger which are set up for this purpose , to increase the pressure of a first portion of the warm pressurized nitrogen and then to condense it into a proportion to obtain liquid nitrogen, a second countercurrent heat exchanger and means which are adapted to supply gaseous oxygen and / or gaseous argon during one or more first operating periods in the second countercurrent heat exchanger to condense to obtain liquid oxygen and / or liquid argon, to evaporate a subset of the liquid nitrogen during the one or more first operating periods to obtain gaseous nitrogen in the second countercurrent heat exchanger, and a second subset of the warm pressurized nitrogen during a or several second operating periods in the second countercurrent heat exchanger.
  • a corresponding system can in particular have a control unit that is set up to switch system operation of the system between the one or more first operating periods and the one or more second operating periods.
  • a corresponding system is set up in particular to carry out a method as previously explained in different embodiments.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a system according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 1 is a system for nitrogen and oxygen liquefaction, which can be operated using a method according to an embodiment of the invention, illustrated schematically and designated overall by 100.
  • a system can also be set up for the additional or alternative liquefaction of argon and the present invention is not limited to the liquefaction of argon.
  • the following explanations therefore apply to both alternatives and only focus on oxygen for the sake of clarity. Below, the explanations regarding system components also apply to corresponding process steps and vice versa.
  • the system 100 is supplied with gaseous nitrogen in two parts and at a lower pressure level (as illustrated with 1) and at a higher pressure level (as illustrated with 2), which can be provided, for example, by means of an air separation plant.
  • the gaseous nitrogen 1, 2 is supplied at the inlet or at an intermediate stage of a multistage compressor arrangement 110, which in the example shown has a first compressor stage 111 and a second compressor stage 112 as well as aftercoolers 113 and 114, and is compressed in this.
  • a part 4 of the gaseous nitrogen 3 compressed in this way (“warm pressurized nitrogen”) is in a turbine booster arrangement 120, which has a first booster 121, a second booster 122, a first aftercooler 123, a second aftercooler 124, one with the first booster 121 mechanically coupled first expansion turbine 125 and a second expansion turbine 126 mechanically coupled to the second booster 122, further compressed and fed to a countercurrent heat exchanger 130 on the warm side (“first countercurrent heat exchanger").
  • a remainder 5 of the compressed gaseous nitrogen 3 is not further compressed and is also fed to the countercurrent heat exchanger 130 on the warm side.
  • the nitrogen 4 present at high pressure can be partly condensed into liquid nitrogen 9 in the countercurrent heat exchanger 130.
  • the liquid nitrogen 9 can be expanded into a container 150 via a valve not specifically designated, as can a part 19 of the nitrogen 4 which is at high pressure, but which is not completely passed through the countercurrent heat exchanger 130, but is removed from it again at an intermediate temperature and in the second expansion turbine 126 is expanded.
  • a further portion of corresponding pressurized nitrogen can be evaporated, which is removed from the first countercurrent heat exchanger 130 at an intermediate temperature and fed back to it after the expansion at an intermediate temperature.
  • Liquid 10 separated in the container 150 is passed through a subcooler 160, which is operated with a relaxed part 11 of the liquid 10.
  • a portion 13 of the supercooled liquid nitrogen 12 is fed into a tank 170.
  • At least part 15 of gas 14 from the container 150 is fed to the countercurrent heat exchanger 130 on the cold side, heated therein, and returned to the compressor arrangement 110 at an intermediate stage.
  • the system 100 has a further countercurrent heat exchanger 140 (“second countercurrent heat exchanger"), in which gaseous oxygen 20 can be condensed into liquid oxygen 21 in the system 100, which can be stored in a suitable tank. This takes place during the mentioned “first operating phase(s)”, but not (or to a lesser extent) in the “second operating phase(s)”.
  • second countercurrent heat exchanger gaseous oxygen 20 can be condensed into liquid oxygen 21 in the system 100, which can be stored in a suitable tank. This takes place during the mentioned “first operating phase(s)”, but not (or to a lesser extent) in the “second operating phase(s)”.
  • a portion 8 of the supercooled liquid nitrogen is used, which evaporates and is then fed back to the compressor arrangement 110 on the suction side.
  • At least part 16 of the gas 14 is expanded from the container 150, fed to the circulating nitrogen 8, which has already been mentioned several times, and heated together with this in the further countercurrent heat exchanger 140.
  • a warm-up operation includes, after the liquefaction of oxygen in the second countercurrent heat exchanger 140 has been interrupted, as illustrated by a material flow 6 shown in bold, that warm compressed nitrogen 6 is cooled in the second countercurrent heat exchanger 140. In this way, when corresponding gas is then removed from the system, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the countercurrent heat exchanger 140 can be baked out.
  • the nitrogen 6 is also correspondingly cooled in the second countercurrent heat exchanger 140, but then, as illustrated with 6 ', part of the nitrogen 6 (im Intermediate temperature control operation) or the entire nitrogen 6, for example via a suitable Joule-Thomson valve, is relaxed and fed back to the second countercurrent heat exchanger 140 on the cold side (together with the nitrogen stream 8). Corresponding nitrogen is thus also fed back to the compressor arrangement 110 on the suction side.
  • a further embodiment, which can optionally be provided, is illustrated with nitrogen stream 16. By guiding it through the second countercurrent heat exchanger 140 in a start-up operation, the second countercurrent heat exchanger 140 can be cooled down.
  • a particularly long service life of the second countercurrent heat exchanger 140 can be achieved even with a large number of starts and stops (more than 100, but also more than 10,000 possible).

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EP22020419.2A 2022-08-31 2022-08-31 Procédé et installation de liquéfaction de gaz Withdrawn EP4246070A1 (fr)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015015686A1 (de) * 2015-12-03 2017-06-22 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Anwärmen kryogener Gaszerleger
US20180335256A1 (en) * 2017-05-16 2018-11-22 Terrence J. Ebert Apparatus and Process for Liquefying Gases
EP3587971A1 (fr) * 2018-06-25 2020-01-01 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fonctionnement d'un échangeur de chaleur, système comprenant un échangeur de chaleur et installation de traitement d'air dotée d'un système correspondant
EP3594596A1 (fr) 2018-07-13 2020-01-15 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fonctionnement d'un échangeur de chaleur, système comprenant un échangeur de chaleur et installation de traitement d'air dotée d'un système correspondant
CN113375420A (zh) * 2021-07-14 2021-09-10 浙江智海化工设备工程有限公司 一种液氧制备方法及装置
CN216924913U (zh) * 2021-12-30 2022-07-08 杭州中泰深冷技术股份有限公司 一种氧气液化系统

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015015686A1 (de) * 2015-12-03 2017-06-22 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Anwärmen kryogener Gaszerleger
US20180335256A1 (en) * 2017-05-16 2018-11-22 Terrence J. Ebert Apparatus and Process for Liquefying Gases
EP3587971A1 (fr) * 2018-06-25 2020-01-01 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fonctionnement d'un échangeur de chaleur, système comprenant un échangeur de chaleur et installation de traitement d'air dotée d'un système correspondant
EP3594596A1 (fr) 2018-07-13 2020-01-15 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fonctionnement d'un échangeur de chaleur, système comprenant un échangeur de chaleur et installation de traitement d'air dotée d'un système correspondant
CN113375420A (zh) * 2021-07-14 2021-09-10 浙江智海化工设备工程有限公司 一种液氧制备方法及装置
CN216924913U (zh) * 2021-12-30 2022-07-08 杭州中泰深冷技术股份有限公司 一种氧气液化系统

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