EP4246048A1 - Passive heating system - Google Patents

Abstract

Heating system 100 which includes a thermodynamic water heater 1 and solar panels 2 comprising: - photovoltaic sensors; and, - a water cooler for cooling the photovoltaic sensors; the water heater comprising: - a tank; - a heat pump for heating water stored in said tank; - a first water/water exchanger, arranged at the top of the tank and which is used to supply a domestic heating circuit; and, - a second exchanger located at the bottom of the tank and which serves to supply the cooler via a second circuit, the water heater also serving to produce domestic hot water.

Description

The present invention relates to the field of heating, particularly to the field of heating housing, houses or apartments.

Global warming requires us to find alternatives to the use of fossil fuels. However, heating, particularly individual heating, is largely dependent on the use of fuel oil or gas.

Renewable energies, such as solar or wind, are subject to hazards that are difficult to bear in the context of individual housing, particularly in the case of old housing with poor energy performance.

The aim of the invention is to propose a heating system which makes it possible to dispense with combustion boilers and the use of fossil fuels.

• des capteurs photovoltaïques ; et,
• un refroidisseur à eau pour refroidir les capteurs photovoltaïques ;

le chauffe-eau comprenant :

• un réservoir ;
• une pompe à chaleur pour chauffer de l'eau stockée dans le réservoir ;
• un premier échangeur de chaleur eau/eau, disposé en haut du réservoir et qui sert à alimenter un circuit de chauffage domestique ; et,
• un deuxième échangeur de chaleur eau/eau, disposé en bas du réservoir et qui sert à alimenter le refroidisseur par un second circuit ;

ledit chauffe-eau thermodynamique servant en outre à produire de l'eau chaude sanitaire.According to the invention, such a heating system comprises a thermodynamic water heater and solar panels, which include:

• photovoltaic sensors; And,
• a water chiller to cool the photovoltaic sensors;

the water heater including:

• a reservoir ;
• a heat pump for heating water stored in the tank;
• a first water/water heat exchanger, arranged at the top of the tank and which is used to supply a domestic heating circuit; And,
• a second water/water heat exchanger, located at the bottom of the tank and which is used to supply the cooler via a second circuit;

said thermodynamic water heater also serving to produce domestic hot water.

The thermodynamic water heater present in the heating system according to the invention is particular on the one hand in that it is dedicated to producing domestic hot water and on the other hand in that it has two heat exchangers separate heat within the water heater tank, respectively intended for the thermal treatment of water circulating in a thermal regulation circuit external to the thermodynamic water heater, namely respectively a domestic heating circuit and a photovoltaic panel cooling circuit .

In this context, these two heat exchangers are arranged specifically relative to each other, with the first heat exchanger, associated with the domestic heating circuit, which is in the high position in the tank and the second heat exchanger , associated with the cooling circuit of the photovoltaic cells, which is in the low position in the tank.

Here, and in the rest of the document, it is understood that a high position and a low position are defined in relation to a vertical direction, perpendicular to the floor of the room in which the thermodynamic water heater is located.

According to the invention, it is advantageous to have an exchanger specific to the domestic heating circuit which is in the upper part of the tank to benefit from the heating of the water by successive stratifications, with the hottest layer of water in the upper part of the tank, it being understood that the density of the water decreases with temperature. For the opposite reason, it is advantageous to have an exchanger specific to the cooling of photovoltaic cells which is located in the lowest part of the tank to increase the efficiency of the exchanger, with the highest possible temperature difference between the fluid circulating in the cooling circuit and the water stored in the tank.

Furthermore, it is notable according to the invention that the first water/water heat exchanger, in this configuration, is arranged as close as possible to the main components of the heat pump and that the first water/water heat exchanger can effectively benefit from calories provided by the operation of the heat pump.

According to an optional characteristic of the invention, the heat pump comprises at least two heat exchangers operating respectively as an evaporator and a condenser, the heat exchanger intended to operate as a condenser being arranged against a wall of the tank and above the second water/water heat exchanger.

According to an optional characteristic of the invention, the heat exchanger intended to operate as a condenser is pressed against an external face of the wall of the tank. The heat exchange between the thermodynamic loop of the heat pump and the tank, to heat the water stored in the tank, is thus done by draining the calories via the metal wall of a tube of this condenser and via the wall metal of the tank.

According to an optional characteristic of the invention, the first water/water heat exchanger is pressed against an internal face of the wall of the tank. The heat exchange between the fluid circulating in the domestic heating circuit and the water heater tank takes place via the metal wall of the pipe of the first water/water heat exchanger, as well as by draining the calories from the hot water stored in the tank only by draining the calories stored in the metal wall of the tank.

According to an optional characteristic of the invention, the first water/water heat exchanger has a helical shape, with an inlet and an outlet through the wall of the tank which are arranged in the vicinity of each other. By the vicinity, we understand that the inlet and outlet of the first water/water heat exchanger, that is to say the two holes through the wall of the tank which allow the connection of the exchanger tube to the inside the tank to the domestic heating circuit, are arranged in an angular portion of the order of 5° to 40°, if we consider the perimeter of the tank.

According to an optional characteristic of the invention, the heat exchanger intended to function as a condenser is in the shape of a serpentine, with segments which extend regularly around the entire perimeter of the tank. These segments can extend parallel to each other and are connected by curved portions. For example, the segments can extend vertically.

According to an optional characteristic of the invention, the heat exchanger intended to operate as a condenser is at the height of the first water/water heat exchanger. In other words, the vertical position of the condenser is such that the condenser covers less than part of the first heat exchanger substantially equal, with a portion of the wall of the water heater which is enclosed between the first water/heat exchanger. water present inside the tank and the condenser present outside the tank.

According to an optional characteristic of the invention, the entirety of the first water/water heat exchanger inside the tank is arranged opposite the heat exchanger intended to operate as a condenser, with the wall of the tank interposed between them. .

According to an optional characteristic of the invention, the tube of the first water/water heat exchanger is flattened against the wall of the tank. In other words, the tube is deformed to increase the contact surface with the tank and thus improve the transfer of calories from the tank wall to the first water/water heat exchanger. The tube can in particular be flattened prior to mounting the first water/water heat exchanger inside the tank.

According to an optional characteristic of the invention, the wall of the tank is a sheet metal, the thickness of which is of the order of 2mm. The thickness of the sheet metal forming the wall of the tank is advantageous here in that it allows the creation of an effective heat drain between the condenser placed against the external face of this wall and the water/water heat exchanger associated with the circuit domestic heating and placed against the internal face of this wall.

Advantageously, the system includes programmable means of nighttime shutdown of the heat pump, to preserve silence at night.

Preferably, the water heater comprises means for programming a first set temperature and a second set temperature, higher than the first temperature for the water in the tank, and an additional electrical resistance to maintain a temperature of setpoint when the heat pump is stopped. Advantageously, the system includes means for storing water in the reservoir a surplus of energy, thermal or calorific, produced by the housing in passive mode, using the second setpoint temperature as the setpoint temperature.

The system may include a controlled mechanical ventilation circuit, which includes means for taking stale air and an air/air exchanger for heating air supplied in a room where the water heater is located with calories taken from the stale air, at least part of this stale air preferably being extracted from a kitchen.

The domestic heating circuit preferably comprises at least one fan coil comprising circulation means for the water of the heating circuit, electrical resistances and a fan, the fan being used to force convection of ambient air around the means circulation and electrical resistances. The fan coil may include means for stopping the electrical resistances and/or the fan when a set temperature for a room heated by said fan coil is reached. The domestic heating circuit, preferably each fan coil, may include a presence detector which controls the opening of a solenoid valve to supply water to the circulation means and operate the electrical resistances and/or the fan, this detector presence being functionally associated with means for delaying the electrical supply to the solenoid valve. Optionally, without a presence detector, the power supply to the solenoid valve will be delayed for a few minutes, after reaching the set temperature.

To maintain silence at night, the fan coil may include a switch to neutralize the electrical power supply to the fan, or not be equipped with the fan.

Advantageously, the domestic heating circuit comprises, downstream, heating tubes for low temperature underfloor heating.

• un réservoir ;
• une pompe à chaleur pour chauffer de l'eau stockée dans le réservoir ;
• un premier échangeur eau/eau, disposé en haut du réservoir et qui sert à alimenter un circuit de chauffage domestique ; et,
• un deuxième échangeur disposé en bas du réservoir et qui sert à alimenter des refroidisseurs de capteurs solaires par un second circuit ;

le chauffe-eau servant en outre à produire de l'eau chaude sanitaire.The invention also relates to a thermodynamic water heater comprising

• a reservoir ;
• a heat pump for heating water stored in the tank;
• a first water/water exchanger, placed at the top of the tank and which is used to supply a domestic heating circuit; And,
• a second exchanger located at the bottom of the tank and which is used to supply solar collector coolers via a second circuit;

the water heater also serves to produce domestic hot water.

[Fig. 1]

est une vue schématique en coupe et élévation d'un logement équipé d'un système selon l'invention ;

[Fig. 2]

est une vue schématique en plan du logement de la figure 1, illustrant notamment une circulation d'air ;

[Fig. 3]

est une vue schématique partielle du système illustrant notamment un chauffeeau thermodynamique et des ventilo-convecteurs qui y sont raccordés ;

[Fig. 4]

est une vue schématique partielle du système illustrant notamment le chauffeeau de la figure 3 et des panneaux solaires qui y sont raccordés ;

[Fig. 5]

est une vue en élévation d'un des ventilo-convecteurs de la figure 4 ;

[Fig. 6]

est une représentation schématique du chauffe-eau thermodynamique avec une pompe à chaleur, rendant notamment visible un échangeur de chaleur de la pompe à chaleur qui est disposé autour du réservoir du chauffe-eau, l'échangeur de chaleur étant destiné à fonctionner comme condenseur ;

[Fig. 7]

est une vue en coupe, selon le plan horizontal VII-VII de la figure 6, du chauffeeau thermodynamique, ladite vue en coupe rendant visible un échangeur de chaleur destiné à être raccordé à un système de chauffage, par exemple les ventilo-convecteurs de la figure 3, et l'échangeur de chaleur de la pompe à chaleur de la figure 6 ; et

[Fig. 8]

est une vue en coupe, selon le plan vertical VIII-VIII de la figure 7, du chauffeeau thermodynamique, rendant visible la disposition de deux échangeurs de chaleur de part et d'autre d'une paroi du réservoir du chauffe-eau.

Several modes of carrying out the invention will be described below, by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings in which:

[Fig. 1]

is a schematic sectional and elevation view of a housing equipped with a system according to the invention;

[Fig. 2]

is a schematic plan view of the housing of the figure 1 , illustrating in particular air circulation;

[Fig. 3]

is a partial schematic view of the system illustrating in particular a thermodynamic water heater and fan coils connected to it;

[Fig. 4]

is a partial schematic view of the system illustrating in particular the water heater of the Figure 3 and solar panels connected to it;

[Fig. 5]

is an elevation view of one of the fan coils of the figure 4 ;

[Fig. 6]

is a schematic representation of the thermodynamic water heater with a heat pump, making visible in particular a heat exchanger of the heat pump which is arranged around the tank of the water heater, the heat exchanger being intended to operate as a condenser;

[Fig. 7]

is a sectional view, along the horizontal plane VII-VII of the Figure 6 , of the thermodynamic water heater, said sectional view making visible a heat exchanger intended to be connected to a heating system, for example the fan coils of the Figure 3 , and the heat exchanger of the heat pump of the Figure 6 ; And

[Fig. 8]

is a sectional view, along the vertical plane VIII-VIII of the Figure 7 , of the thermodynamic water heater, making visible the arrangement of two heat exchangers on either side of a wall of the water heater tank.

THE figures 1 And 2 illustrate an individual heating system 100 equipping a housing 200. In the example illustrated, six rooms 201-206 of the housing 200 are illustrated in the figure 2 . These rooms include a living room 201, a bedroom 202, a bathroom 203, a kitchen 204, toilets 205 and a room serving as a boiler room 206.

Living room 201 has a French window 3 equipped with a guardrail 3A.

• un chauffe-eau thermodynamique 1, muni d'une pompe à chaleur 41 ;
• un capteur solaire 2, fixé au garde-corps 3A ;
• un radiateur 4, installé dans séjour ; et,
• un système de ventilation mécanique contrôlée (VMC) 10 ;

System 100 includes in particular:

• a thermodynamic water heater 1, equipped with a heat pump 41;
• a solar collector 2, attached to the guardrail 3A;
• a radiator 4, installed in the living room; And,
• a controlled mechanical ventilation (VMC) system 10;

The French window is equipped with an inlet grille 5 for air from outside the home. The controlled mechanical ventilation system (VMC) 10 draws in air through the grille 5 and extracts the stale air using extraction vents 11-13 arranged in the humid rooms, that is to say the bathroom 203, the kitchen 204 and the toilets 205. The doors of the accommodation are offset, so that they have at the base a clearance JP, for example a clearance of one centimeter, sufficient to allow the circulation of the air in housing 200.

The radiator 4 is a hot water radiator supplied by the thermodynamic water heater 1, thanks to an exchanger 15 (see Figure 3 ). In the example illustrated, the radiator 4 is a mixed fan coil, that is to say using both the water supplied by the water heater and electricity for heating.

The solar collector is a hybrid collector comprising photovoltaic cells and a water cooler, such sensors being supplied in particular by the company Dualsun. Thus, the sensor provides both photovoltaic energy and heated water in the cooler, according to the black body principle.

Water heater 1 is installed in boiler room 206.

There figure 2 illustrates more particularly air circulation circuits, in particular the VMC system. The sources of heat loss mainly come from the kitchen and its household appliances, for cooking or washing dishes, and from the bathroom, through the use of the shower, the bath or through occasional overheating. of this room when in use.

System 1 includes an air/air exchanger 9. The VMC draws stale and hot air from the kitchen, through an extraction vent 11; this stale air passes through exchanger 9 before being discharged outside the housing. The fresh air supplying the air inlet 34 of the water heater also passes through the exchanger 9, in which it is heated by the stale air extracted from the kitchen. In the example illustrated in figure 2 , this fresh air is taken from bathroom 203, where it is generally less cold than in the other rooms. The extraction of air in the bathroom, through a vent 12, is caused by the depression of the air inlet turbine of the heat pump of the water heater, when the latter is in operation. Particularly when the water heater is not in operation, the air is extracted from the bathroom using the VMC, through another extraction vent 13, using the VMC 10B block.

The cold air which leaves the water heater is rejected outside, through a conduit and a vent 8, a chimney flue or a collective column, depending on the layout of the accommodation.

Designed in this way, the air circulation makes it possible to recover at least part of the calories emitted in the kitchen and the bathroom, to heat the air supplying the room where the water heater is located. In addition, the use of the exchanger 9 makes it possible to recover the calories coming from the kitchen, without the greasy vapors which are evacuated to the outside of the accommodation using the VMC 10B block.

THE figures 3 And 4 illustrate the thermodynamic water heater 1. The heat pump 41 of the water heater is in an upper part thereof; a large hot water tank 42 occupies the lower part. As was mentioned previously, a high position and a low position, and therefore by extension the notions of superior and inferior, are defined in relation to a vertical direction, perpendicular to the floor of the room in which the thermodynamic water heater is located.

The thermodynamic water heater 1 is used in particular to produce water for each bathroom. For this purpose, the thermodynamic water heater 1 comprises an inlet E1 intended to be connected to a domestic water return branch and an outlet S1 intended to be connected to a domestic water supply branch of the house. The outlet S1 is advantageously arranged in the high position to promote the exit of hot water.

We will first recall the operation of the heat pump 41, with reference to the elements represented schematically on the Figure 6 . The heat pump 41 conventionally consists of a thermodynamic loop with two heat exchangers, respectively playing the role of evaporator 410 and condenser 412, an expander 414 and a compressor 416, and a refrigerant intended to circulate in the loop thermodynamics and each of these components. The heat exchanger intended to play the role of evaporator 410, and which will be called evaporator in the remainder of the description for ease of reading, is arranged on the air path to recover calories from the fresh air coming via the air inlet 34 and being evacuated through the mouth 8. The heated refrigerant is partially vaporized and the compressor 416 then has the function of raising the pressure of the refrigerant so that it enters in the gaseous state in the heat exchanger intended to play the role of condenser 412, and which may be called condenser in the remainder of the description for easier reading. The condenser 412 is placed near the tank 42 of the thermodynamic water heater 1 to discharge its calories into the water stored in the tank. The refrigerant leaving the condenser 412 is partially liquefied and the presence of the expander 414 between the condenser 412 and the evaporator 410 makes it possible to reduce the pressure of the fluid and to liquefy it so that it can pass through the evaporator again. 410 and start a new thermodynamic cycle.

According to a characteristic of the invention, and as will be detailed below, the heat exchanger intended to play the role of condenser 412 is more particularly arranged to the exterior of a wall 420 delimiting the tank 42 of the water heater, in contact with this wall 420.

The thermodynamic water heater 1 according to the invention comprises two water/water exchangers 15, 16 which respectively comprise an exchange surface housed inside the tank 42 of the water heater.

As illustrated in Figure 3 , in the upper part of the tank 42, a first water/water exchanger 15 ensures the hot water supply to the domestic heating network 15R where the water is propelled by a circulator C1. The tank 42 further comprises a first temperature probe T1, making it possible to check that the temperature of the water present in the tank complies with a first set temperature t1 for the heating network 15R. The tank 42 also includes a second temperature probe or thermo-contact T2, making it possible to check that the temperature of the water present in the tank 4 complies with a second set temperature t2 for domestic hot water, generally close to sixty degrees Celsius, temperature sufficient to destroy salmonella. The second temperature probe T2 is arranged at a lower level in the tank compared to the first temperature probe T1.

As illustrated in figure 4 , in the lower part of the tank 42, a second water/water heat exchanger 16 ensures the cooling of the hybrid solar panels 2, in a circuit 16R where the water is propelled by a circulator C2. This second water/water heat exchanger 16 also makes it possible to heat the water in the tank 42.

The circuit 16R is connected to an inlet E3 of the second water/water exchanger 16 and the fluid from this cooling circuit comes out cooled at the outlet S3 of the second water/water exchanger. It is notable that the inlet E3 of the second water/water exchanger 16 is arranged higher in the tank than the outlet S3 of this second water/water exchanger, to benefit from the stratification of the temperature of the water stored in the tank. and optimize the efficiency of heat exchange.

It follows from the above that within the tank, two water/water heat exchangers are provided vertically offset from each other, with the first heat exchanger water/water heat 15 which is arranged higher than the second water/water heat exchanger 16. It is notable that both the inlet and the outlet of the first water/water heat exchanger 15 are arranged above the second water/water heat exchanger 16.

This vertical positioning of one water/water heat exchanger relative to the other depends on their thermal purpose. It is on the one hand desired by the inventors that the first water/water heat exchanger 15 be placed in the upper part of the tank to benefit from the stratification of the water temperature in the tank, and bathe in the part of the tank where the water is the hottest, since this first water/water heat exchanger 15 has the function of recovering calories to supply the domestic heating circuit. It is also desired, conversely, that the second water/water heat exchanger 16 be located in the lowest part of the tank, where the water is coldest, to increase the efficiency of the thermal exchange between the water stored in the tank and the fluid to be cooled for the proper functioning of the photovoltaic panels.

Furthermore, the thermodynamic water heater is configured so that the first water-water heat exchanger 15, arranged at the top of the tank 42, interacts with the condenser of the heat pump, to allow more efficient transmission of the calories taken from the fluid refrigerant within the condenser towards the water circulating within the first water-water heat exchanger 15. This interaction will be described in more detail below with reference to the figures 6 to 8 .

The water heater comprises a control panel 18 for adjusting the first set temperature t1 in the heating circuit, for example in a range between twenty-five and fifty degrees Celsius. This probe can be replaced by a thermo-contact set to forty degrees Celsius, which is a good compromise.

The control panel is equipped with a clock and a calendar, to program the start and end times of operation of the heat pump 41, for each day of the week, according to the habits of the inhabitants of the home. We favor daytime operation, in order to preserve the silence of the night, and to have optimized operation of the heat pump 41 during the day. There can be two modes of possible operations, one for the summer favoring the production of domestic hot water, the other for the winter, favoring domestic heating.

An additional resistor 17 is installed in the center of the tank; it makes it possible to reach or maintain the set temperatures when the pump 41 is stopped, for example at night.

A suction duct 34 draws ambient air into the boiler room. This sheath 34 is equipped with a third temperature probe which measures the temperature t3 of the air resulting from a mixture of the various air samples in the housing, in the heated rooms, generally at a temperature greater than or equal to 19 °C, in rooms, generally at a recommended temperature of 17°C, in unheated rooms, air coming from the VMC and air entering through grille 5. Alternatively to the presence of a third temperature probe, the sheath 34 can be equipped with a thermo-contact T3, set at a set temperature t3 close to 17°C.

When the air temperature t3 measured by the third temperature probe T3 is greater than 17°C, it is assumed that all the energy resources are greater than the heating losses.

Thus, when in winter the accommodation is unoccupied and the heating turned off in all rooms, the outside temperature is lower than 17°C and the air temperature t3 measured by the third temperature probe T3 is higher than 17°C , the heating is in passive mode. The energy contribution from solar radiation, the recovery of losses from windows, VMC and the passive energy from solar collectors are sufficient resources to ensure heating of the home beyond the threshold of 17°C. The measurement of the third temperature probe T3 allows switching to passive heating mode. This operating mode is used to increase the set temperature from value t1 to value t2. This makes it possible to store the surplus passive heat, which is then used for heating the hot water in the tank 42.

When the third temperature t3 drops below the threshold of 17°C, the set temperature returns to temperature t1, sufficient for domestic heating; energy stored in passive mode is then consumed gradually. With a 300 liter tank, a temperature t1 equal to 40°C and a temperature t2 equal to 60°C, we can thus store, between these two values, 25 kWh = 300 x 20 x 4.18, in reserve for the heating.

There figure 4 illustrates the connection of the solar collectors 2 to the second water/water exchanger 16 of the water heater 1, located at the bottom of the tank. The sensors are arranged in a position close to vertical, to benefit from optimized sunshine in winter, when the sun is low on the horizon.

The surface of the solar collectors is calculated to generate an electricity production equivalent to or greater than that consumed by the water heater, in particular by the heat pump, so that its operation is substantially free. A surface area of photovoltaic collectors of five square meters with an efficiency of eighteen percent is sufficient to power a 900 watt heat pump.

There Figure 3 further illustrates the connection of the fan coils 4 to the water heater 1. These fan coils are of mixed type, that is to say they use both the circulation of hot water in the heating circuit 15R and an electrical resistance. A room thermostat 30 installed in a living room or a corridor controls the hot water circulator C1; a fine adjustment of the temperature is carried out by an individual thermostat 27 specific to each radiator 4 associated with a thermostatic valve 28. In the example illustrated, each individual thermostat 27 is programmable remotely, using a telephone or a computer, via a home wireless network or via the Internet.

In the example illustrated, each radiator is also equipped with a wide-field presence detector 29, active when the thermostat is in the heating position. When the presence of a person is detected, the detector activates the heating; a time delay is advantageously set at thirty minutes. The detector can control a solenoid valve 31 in the heating circuit 15R, at the inlet or outlet of the radiator 4 (see Figure 5 ) which opens when presence is detected and which closes at the end of the delay period.

As illustrated in Figure 5 , each radiator is a fan coil; it includes a water circulation 36 which is part of the heating network 15R, electrical resistances 37 and a fan 32. When the presence is detected, the detector 29 triggers the fan 32 and the electrical resistances 37, which makes it possible to quickly reach a set temperature in the room; as soon as this temperature is reached, the fan is turned off. Preferably, the resistances are turned off at the same time as the fan.

By stirring the air through the resistances 37 and the circulation 36, the fan improves the heat transfer of these two heat sources 36, 37 with the ambient air. When these two heat sources are activated simultaneously, they allow a very rapid rise in temperature of the heated room; the mixing of the air by the fan allows for a uniform and pleasant temperature, even before the set temperature is reached.

In the example illustrated, downstream of the radiators 4, the heating network 15R comprises heating tubes 39 in the floor of the housing. This allows low temperature underfloor heating and optimizes the efficiency of the heat pump 41.

As mentioned previously, the first water/water heat exchanger 15 is arranged at the top of the tank 42. The figures 6 to 8 illustrate a particular arrangement of a thermodynamic water heater according to the invention in which the condenser 412 of the heat pump 41 equipping this thermodynamic water heater 1 is arranged in the vicinity of the first water/water heat exchanger 15.

There Figure 6 schematically illustrates an upper part of the thermodynamic water heater 1 and the associated heat pump 41. The evaporator 410, the expander 414 and the compressor 416 are represented schematically.

The tank 42 is delimited by the wall 420, which presents as visible on the figure 8 , an internal face 421 facing the inside of the tank and intended to be in contact with the water and an external face 422 facing the opposite.

The heat exchanger intended to operate as a condenser 412 is arranged around the tank 42 and more particularly in contact with the external face 422 of the wall 420. The condenser 412 has the shape of a serpentine, with segments 413 which extend along the wall 420, here vertically without this being limiting to the invention, and rounded return portions between two adjacent segments, one of the segments forming an inlet segment connected to the compressor 416 and another of the segments forming an outlet segment connected to the regulator 414. In the example illustrated, the inlet segment and the outlet segment are adjacent and the condenser extends circumferentially around the entire perimeter of the wall 420. The condenser 412 extends against the external face 422 of the wall 420 of the tank 42 over a height, or vertical dimension, which is defined by the vertical dimension of each segment 413.

Inside the tank 42, and therefore represented on the Figure 6 dotted, the first water-water heat exchanger 15, located at the top of the tank 42, extends vertically in a high portion of the tank which is the same as that where the condenser 412 extends. As illustrated, the The entirety of the first water/water heat exchanger 15 is contained vertically in the volume defined by the heat exchanger intended to function as a condenser and extending along the wall of the tank, with the wall of the tank interposed between them. An inlet E2 and an outlet S2 of the first water-water heat exchanger 15, which are formed through the wall of the tank to allow the arrival and evacuation of the water circulating in the circuit 15R, are formed between two segments of the condenser 412, and the tube forming this first water-water heat exchanger 15 between the inlet E2 and the outlet S2 extends substantially over the entire internal periphery of the wall 420 of the tank 42, against the internal face 421 of this wall. The inlet E2 of the first water-water heat exchanger 15 is offset vertically relative to the outlet S2 of the first water-water heat exchanger 15, so that the tube of the first water-water heat exchanger 15 has a helical shape following the internal face of the tank wall.

There Figure 7 illustrated in a sectional view, along the horizontal plane VII-VII of the Figure 6 , the arrangement of the first water/water heat exchanger 15, intended to be connected to the domestic heating circuit, and the heat exchanger intended to operate as a condenser 412, on either side of the wall 420 of the tank 42. More particularly, this Figure 7 makes visible a characteristic of the invention according to which a portion of the wall 420 of the tank is enclosed between the first water/water heat exchanger 15 and the condenser 412, with the internal face 421 which is in direct contact with the tube of the first exchanger water/water heat exchanger 15 connecting the inlet E2 to the outlet S2 and with the external face which is in direct contact with at least the segments of the condenser 412.

The wall 420 of the tank is a sheet metal. As a non-limiting example, the thickness of the sheet forming the wall is of the order of 2mm.

In this configuration, it is the metal wall of the tank, surrounded by the condenser 412, which absorbs the calories released by the refrigerant circulating in the segments of this condenser and, in particular due to the small thickness of the sheet forming the wall of the tank, the calories absorbed by this metal wall are directly redistributed to the water present in the first water-water heat exchanger 15 through the tube of this first heat exchanger. The inventors were able to observe that the efficiency of the thermodynamic water heater according to the invention was much better with the double stage of direct metallic contact between the condenser 412 of the heat pump 41 and the first water/water heat exchanger 15, through the tank wall, rather than with water stored in the tank as an intermediary, water being significantly less conductive than metal for heat transfer.

There figure 8 illustrates the thermal drain formed by this double stage of direct metallic contact, thanks to a sectional view along the vertical plane VIII-VIII of the Figure 7 .

The two heat exchangers, namely the first water/water heat exchanger 15 and the condenser 412, are arranged on either side of the wall 420 of the tank 42 of the thermodynamic water heater. We understand in this figure that the passage of calories from the fluid circulating in the condenser to the fluid circulating in the first exchanger water/water heat is essentially done by conduction through the metal walls, and not by the water stored in the tank 42.

In order to improve the thermal performance of this exchange, the exchange surface is increased between the wall 420 of the tank 42 and the tube forming the first water/water heat exchanger 15 by locally giving the tube a flattened shape, this is i.e. a shape where the radius of curvature is locally enlarged.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples which have just been described. On the contrary, the invention is defined by the claims which follow.

It will indeed appear to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to the embodiments described above, in light of the teaching which has just been disclosed to him.

Thus, the room which serves as a boiler room can be replaced by a cupboard or an unheated room, for example a cellar.

Also, radiators can be equipped with a manual thermostat, instead of a programmable thermostat. Also, a radiator may not include a fan, but the rise in temperature of the heated room will be slower.

The invention adapts very advantageously to the renovation of housing. It can therefore easily be installed in a home already equipped with controlled single-flow mechanical ventilation.

Claims (15)

Heating system (100) which comprises a thermodynamic water heater (1) and solar panels (2), said panels (2) comprising: - photovoltaic sensors; And, - a water cooler for cooling said photovoltaic sensors; said water heater comprising: - a tank (42); - a heat pump (41) for heating water stored in said tank; - a first water/water heat exchanger (15), arranged at the top of said tank and which is used to supply a domestic heating circuit (15R); And, - a second water/water heat exchanger (16), arranged at the bottom of said tank and which serves to supply said cooler via a second circuit (16R); said thermodynamic water heater (1) also serving to produce domestic hot water. Heating system (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat pump (41) comprises at least two heat exchangers operating respectively as evaporator (410) and condenser (412), the heat exchanger intended to operate as a condenser (412) being arranged against a wall (420) of the tank (42) and above the second water/water heat exchanger (16). Heating system (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that the heat exchanger intended to function as a condenser (412) is pressed against an external face (422) of the wall (420) of the tank (42). Heating system (100) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the heat exchanger intended to function as a condenser (412) is in the form of a serpentine, with segments (413) which extend regularly over the entire perimeter of the tank (42). Heating system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first water/water heat exchanger (15) is pressed against an internal face (421) of the wall (420) of the tank (42). Heating system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first water/water heat exchanger (15) has a helical shape, with an inlet (E2) and an outlet (S2) through the wall (420) of the tank (42) which are arranged in the vicinity of each other. Heating system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, in combination with claim 3 and with claim 5, characterized in that the heat exchanger intended to operate as a condenser (412) is at the height of the first heat exchanger. water/water heat (15). Heating system (100) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the entirety of the first water/water heat exchanger (15) inside the tank (42) is arranged opposite the heat exchanger intended to operate as a condenser (412), with the wall (420) of the tank (42) interposed between them. Heating system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, in combination with claim 5, characterized in that the tube of the first water/water heat exchanger (15) is flattened against the wall (420) of the tank (42 ). Heating system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized that the water heater comprises means for programming a first set temperature (t1) and a second set temperature (t2), greater than the first temperature (t1 ) for the water in the tank (42), and, an additional electrical resistance (17) to maintain a set temperature (t1, t2) when the heat pump (41) is stopped. Heating system (100) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises means for storing surplus energy in the water of the tank, thermal or calorific, produced by the housing in passive mode, using the second setpoint temperature (t2) as the setpoint temperature. Heating system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the domestic heating circuit (15R) comprises at least one fan coil (4) comprising circulation means (36) for the water in the circuit heating element (15R), electrical resistances (37) and a fan (32), said fan being used to force convection of ambient air around the circulation means and the electrical resistances. Heating system (100) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the fan coil (4) comprises means for stopping the electrical resistances and/or the fan when a set temperature for a room heated by said fan coil is reached. Heating system (100) according to one of claims 12 and 13, characterized in that the domestic heating circuit, preferably each fan coil, comprises a presence detector (29) which controls the opening of a solenoid valve (31) to supply water to the circulation means (36) and operate the electrical resistances (37) and/or the fan (32), said presence detector being functionally associated with means for timing the electrical supply of the solenoid valve. Thermodynamic water heater (1) including - a tank (42); - a heat pump (41) for heating water stored in the tank; - a first water/water heat exchanger (15), arranged at the top of the tank (42) and which is used to supply a domestic heating circuit (15R); And, - a second water/water heat exchanger (16) arranged at the bottom of the tank (42) and which is used to supply solar collector coolers via a second circuit (16R); the thermodynamic water heater (1) also serves to produce domestic hot water.

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