EP4244962A1 - Bistable electromagnetic actuator and aircraft brake valve provided with such an actuator - Google Patents

Bistable electromagnetic actuator and aircraft brake valve provided with such an actuator

Info

Publication number
EP4244962A1
EP4244962A1 EP21810586.4A EP21810586A EP4244962A1 EP 4244962 A1 EP4244962 A1 EP 4244962A1 EP 21810586 A EP21810586 A EP 21810586A EP 4244962 A1 EP4244962 A1 EP 4244962A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
actuator
rotor
rotation
drive shaft
axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21810586.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Laurent MONSAINT
Julien GLINEC
Guillaume Durand
Mathieu GENGOUX
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Landing Systems SAS
Original Assignee
Safran Landing Systems SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Safran Landing Systems SAS filed Critical Safran Landing Systems SAS
Publication of EP4244962A1 publication Critical patent/EP4244962A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/14—Pivoting armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K26/00—Machines adapted to function as torque motors, i.e. to exert a torque when stalled
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C25/00—Alighting gear
    • B64C25/32—Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface 
    • B64C25/42—Arrangement or adaptation of brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C25/00—Alighting gear
    • B64C25/32—Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface 
    • B64C25/42—Arrangement or adaptation of brakes
    • B64C25/44—Actuating mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/003—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices operated without a stable intermediate position, e.g. with snap action
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0675—Electromagnet aspects, e.g. electric supply therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
    • H01F7/0205—Magnetic circuits with PM in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T15/00—Construction arrangement, or operation of valves incorporated in power brake systems and not covered by groups B60T11/00 or B60T13/00
    • B60T15/02—Application and release valves
    • B60T15/025—Electrically controlled valves
    • B60T15/028—Electrically controlled valves in hydraulic systems

Definitions

  • the invention concerns the field of electromagnetic actuators and more particularly a rotary electromagnetic actuator with manual control, as well as an aircraft parking brake valve comprising such an actuator.
  • an aircraft wheel brake comprises friction elements secured for some to the wheel and for others to a stator, and a brake cylinder arranged to exert a sufficient force on the friction elements. to lock the aircraft wheel in rotation.
  • the brake actuator When parking, the brake actuator is activated by a dedicated control device (here called the parking brake system) and separate from the control device for the brake actuator in the landing phase.
  • the parking brake system comprises a hydraulic distributor commonly called PBSELV (from the English “Park Brake Selector Valve”) or PBSOV (from the English “Park Brake Shut-off Valve”), of which a slide or a valve is generally moved by an electromechanical actuator.
  • the electromechanical actuator comprises an electric motor with a stator and a rotor, and a screw/nut assembly, one of the elements of which is driven in rotation by the rotor and the other element is forced to slide without rotation between two positions to control movement of the spool or damper.
  • the gear formed by the screw/nut assembly is deemed to be irreversible so that this type of actuator does not make it possible to manually control the movement of said slide or of said valve.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a bistable electromagnetic actuator that can be controlled both electrically and manually to control a distributor such as that of an aircraft parking brake system.
  • a bistable electromagnetic actuator comprising:
  • a manual control device comprising a drive shaft kinematically coupled to the rotor so that a rotation of the drive shaft generates a rotation of the rotor.
  • the actuating member can thus be moved by excitation of the coil or rotation of the drive shaft so that the actuator is controllable both electrically and manually.
  • the drive shaft extends along the axis of rotation of the actuator.
  • the manual control device comprises a handle arranged at one end of the drive shaft for rotating said drive shaft.
  • the travel of the rotor between its two stable angular positions is sufficient for the lever to be able to constitute a position indicator of the rotor, the extreme positions of the lever being sufficiently separated to be distinguished from one another without hesitation. with the naked eye.
  • the stroke of the rotor is substantially equal to 30 degrees.
  • the rod has a portion received to rotate, around the axis of rotation of the rotor, in a bore made in an end cap removably attached to a casing of the actuator.
  • a seal is mounted in the bore made in the end cap to provide a seal between the rod and the end cap.
  • the rotor comprises a core made of ferromagnetic material and at least one permanent magnet housed in a groove in the core.
  • a plurality of permanent magnets is fixed to the core to facilitate holding the rotor to vibration in one or other of its stable positions.
  • actuating member and the drive shaft are integral with the rotor.
  • the invention also relates to an aircraft parking brake valve comprising such an actuator and a distribution element movable between two operating positions.
  • the actuating member is connected to the dispensing element to control movement of said dispensing element between its two operating positions.
  • the dispensing element comprises at least one valve or one drawer.
  • the invention further relates to an aircraft equipped with a braking circuit comprising at least one such valve.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified representation of an aircraft which is equipped with a braking circuit provided with a bistable electromagnetic actuator according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view of the bistable electromagnetic actuator, along a plane passing through an axis of rotation of the actuator;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the actuator shown in Figure 2 along a first plane III orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the actuator, shown in one of its two stable states;
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the actuator shown in Figure 2 along a second plane IV orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the actuator, shown in the middle of the stroke between its two stable states;
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of the actuator along a plane orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the actuator, shown in the middle of travel between its two stable states.
  • the actuator 1 comprises, according to a first embodiment of the invention, a fixed assembly generally designated by the reference 10, as well as a mobile assembly in rotation around a central axis X and generally designated by reference 20.
  • the fixed assembly 10 comprises a carcass 11 made of ferromagnetic material.
  • the carcass 11 comprises an annular portion 11c from which extend in radial projection six identical pads 11b forming poles 11a oriented towards the axis X and evenly distributed around said axis X.
  • Each of the pads 11a is surrounded by a winding of a electromagnetic coil 12 so as to be able to excite the poles IIa by generating magnetic fluxes when the coils 12 are electrically supplied.
  • the mobile assembly 20 comprises a rotor 21 mobile in rotation around the axis X and a rod 22 coupled to the rotor 21 to form an actuating member extending along the axis X (FIG. 2).
  • the rod 22 is here integral with the rotor 21 which is made of magnetic material.
  • a first portion of the rotor 21 comprises a first core 23a having, along a plane orthogonal to the axis X, a hexagonal section defining six faces. On each of the faces is fixed a permanent magnet 24 housed in a groove of the core 23a. The magnets 24 are secured to the core 23a by gluing or hooping to generate a permanent magnetic flux in the absence of current in the coils 12. The magnets 24 have with the poles IIa of the carcass 11 a constant main air gap E during the rotation of the rotor 21 around the X axis.
  • a second portion of the rotor 21 comprises a second core 23b generally of cylindrical shape (FIG. 4).
  • the core 23b comprises a radial protrusion 23.1 defining, with flat surfaces 13a, 13b of a non-magnetic body of the fixed assembly 10, two air gaps secondary A, B variables when the rotor 21 moves between two stable angular positions without current in which the protrusion 23.1 is in contact with one of the surfaces 13a, 13b.
  • the surfaces 13a, 13b thus form abutments delimiting the angular stroke of the rotor 21 to pass from one to the other of its stable positions.
  • the protrusion 23.1 and the surfaces 13a, 13b are arranged so that the angular stroke of the rotor 21 is here substantially equal to 30 degrees.
  • the surfaces 13a, 13b are positioned angularly with respect to the poles 11a and the protrusion 23.1 is positioned angularly with respect to the magnets 24 in such a way that, when the protrusion 23.1 bears against the surface 13a and alternately against the surface 13b, the magnets 24 exert on the poles IIa an attraction force tending to press the protuberance 23.1 against the surface 13a and alternately 13b.
  • the rotor 21 is in a stable position, the two stable positions being on either side. on the other from an unstable middle position.
  • the rod 22 has a generally cylindrical shape to rotate around the axis X.
  • a proximal end of the rod 22 is integral with the core 23b.
  • the rod 22 is thus rotatable around the axis X between two extreme positions corresponding to the stable positions of the rotor 21.
  • the fixed assembly 10 is fixed inside a reception volume delimited by internal walls of a casing 30 made of non-magnetic material.
  • a distal end 22.1 of the rod 22 projects from the casing and includes a connection interface to be coupled to the dispensing element.
  • the actuator 1 also includes a manual control device 40 to manually turn the rotor 21 between its two stable positions.
  • the control device 40 comprises a rod 41 coupled to the core 23a to form a drive shaft extending along the axis X.
  • the rods 22, 41 thus extend on either side of the rotor 21.
  • the rod 41 is here integral with the core 23a. It has a generally cylindrical shape and has a portion received to rotate around the X axis in a bore formed in an end cover 31 removably attached to the housing 30.
  • a bearing 43 is mounted in said bore of the cover. end 31 to guide the rod 41 in rotation.
  • a seal 44 mounted in said bore provides a seal between the rod 41 and the end cap 31. The seal 44 exerts on the rod 41 friction forces which oppose the rotation of said rod 41 and which must therefore be taken into account when sizing the actuator 1.
  • Another seal (not shown) is trapped between the end cover 31 and the casing 30 to ensure a seal between the casing 30 and the end cover 31.
  • a proximal end of rod 41 is integral with core 23a.
  • the rod 41 is thus rotatable around the axis X between two extreme positions corresponding to the stable positions of the rotor 21.
  • a distal end 41.1 of the rod 41 projects from the housing 30 and is provided with a lever 42 (visible in FIG. 2) to drive the drive shaft 41 in rotation.
  • a lever 42 visible in FIG. 2 to drive the drive shaft 41 in rotation.
  • commonly called “butterfly” comprises two identical lugs 42.1 which extend symmetrically on either side of the X axis and in a plane passing through said X axis.
  • the lugs 42.1 form gripping means for rotating the rod 41. Since the rod 41 is integrally fixed to the core 23a, a rotation of the rod 41 also causes a rotation of the rotor 21 towards one or the other of its stable positions.
  • the lever 42 has an angular displacement defined directly by the extreme positions of the rod 41 and indirectly by the stable positions of the rotor 21.
  • This angular displacement is therefore here substantially equal to 30 degrees and can for example be materialized on the casing 30 by a first line followed by the inscription “ON” and by a second line followed by the inscription “OFF”.
  • the first line corresponds to a first extreme angular position of the lever 42 in which one of the lugs 42.1 is in the extension of said first line and the rotor 21 is in one of its stable positions.
  • the second line corresponds to a second extreme angular position of the handle 42 in which one of the ears 42.1 is in the extension of said second line and the rotor 21 is in the other of its stable positions.
  • the handle 42 thus makes it possible to have a visual indication of the angular position of the rod 41, and therefore of the rotor 21 and of the rod 22.
  • the extreme positions of the handle 42 are sufficiently separated to be distinguished from one of the other without hesitation with the naked
  • actuator 1 The operation of actuator 1 will now be described.
  • the electromagnetic coils 12 are electrically supplied with a positive or negative voltage so as to generate magnetic fields of attraction of the core 23a in one direction or in the other direction. 'other.
  • the magnetic fields generated by the coils 12 produce magnetic fluxes which are guided by the ferromagnetic parts of the actuator 1.
  • Each of the magnetic fluxes forms a loop and successively crosses a first pad lib in contact with a first coil 12, a first magnet 24, a second pad 11b in contact with a second coil 12, part of the annular portion 11c of the frame 11.
  • the rotor 21 then rotates around the axis X inside the casing 11 and is pressed against one of the surfaces 13a, 13b depending on the direction of supply of the coils 12.
  • the core 23b is then separated from the other of the surfaces 13a, 13b and one of the secondary air gaps A, B is closed.
  • the passage of the rotor 21 towards one or the other of its stable positions generates a rotation of the rod 22, and therefore a displacement of the distribution element of the valve between its two positions in service.
  • the passage of the rotor 21 towards one or the other of its extreme positions also generates a rotation of the rod 41, and therefore a rotation of the lever 42.
  • the studs 11a and the magnets 24 are arranged so as to exert on the mobile assembly 20 an attractive force substantially equal to 0.5 Nm (Newton meter).
  • the studs 11a and the magnets 24 produce sufficient holding torque to allow the assembly mobile 20 subjected to several hundred times its weight to remain in one or the other of its stable positions.
  • the intensity of the current passing through the coils 12 will then be arranged so as to exert on the mobile assembly 20 a force of attraction greater than 0.5 N.m, for example substantially equal to 1.5 N.m in order in particular to overcome any force of friction opposing the rotation of the mobile assembly 20 over the entire temperature range in which the actuator 1 is caused to operate.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an actuator 1' which is none other than the second embodiment of the invention.
  • the actuator 1' differs from the actuator 1 in that the fixed assembly 10' comprises a carcass 11' made of ferromagnetic material and generally having the shape of a horseshoe extending partially around the axis X.
  • the carcass 11' comprises two pole parts 11a', 11b' interconnected by a central part 11c' supporting an electromagnetic coil 12'.
  • the coil 12' comprises a winding surrounding the central part 11c' so as to be able to excite the pole parts 11a', 11b' by generating a magnetic flux when the coil is electrically powered.
  • the mobile assembly 20' comprises a rotor 21' mobile in rotation around the axis X and the rod 22 coupled to the rotor 21'.
  • the rotor 21′ comprises a core 23′ of generally cylindrical shape and made of ferromagnetic material, and a permanent magnet 24′ of semi-cylindrical shape housed in a groove of the core 23′.
  • Magnet 24' is secured to core 23' by gluing or shrinking to generate a permanent magnetic flux in the absence of current in coil 12'.
  • the magnet 24' has with the pole parts 11a', 11b' of the carcass 11' a main air gap E' which is constant during the rotation of the rotor around the axis X.
  • the core 23' comprises a radial protrusion 23.1' diametrically opposed to the magnet and defining, with the pole parts 11a', 11b' of the carcass 11', two secondary air gaps A', B' which vary when the rotor 21' moves between two stable angular positions without current in which the protrusion 23.1' is in contact with one of the pole parts 11a', 11b'.
  • the pole parts 11a', 11b' thus form abutments and make it possible to close the magnetic flux from the coil 12' towards the rotor 21'.
  • the distal ends of the rods 22, 41 are integral with the core 23' and extend on either side of the latter along the axis X.
  • the electromagnetic coil 12' is electrically supplied with a positive or negative voltage so as to generate a magnetic field of attraction of the core 23 'in one direction. or in the other.
  • the magnetic field generated by the coil 12' produces a magnetic flux which is guided by the ferromagnetic parts of the actuator 1'.
  • the magnetic flux forms a loop and successively crosses the central part 11c' of the carcass 11' in contact with the coil 12', one of the pole parts 11a', 11b' of the carcass 11', the protrusion 23.1' of the core 23' in contact with the pole part 11a', 11b', the core 23' and the permanent magnet 24'.
  • the rotor 21' then rotates around the axis X inside the casing 11' and is pressed against one of the pole parts 11a', 11b' depending on the direction of supply of the coil 12'.
  • the core 23' is then separated from the other of the pole parts 11a', 11b' and one of the secondary air gaps A', B' is closed.
  • the passage of the rotor 21' towards one or the other of its stable positions generates a rotation of the rod 22, and therefore a movement of the distribution element of the valve between its two positions in service.
  • the passage of the rotor 21 'to one or the other of its extreme positions also generates a rotation of the rod 41, and therefore a rotation of the handle 42.
  • the actuator may have a structure different from those described, in particular as regards the rotor and the stator.
  • the actuating member and the drive shaft form only one and the same element on which the lever is mounted, the actuating member may be separate from the drive shaft.
  • the number of magnets 24 and pads 11b can be less or more than 6.
  • the invention can be used for any type of actuator regardless of the device being actuated.
  • the dispensing element can for example be a valve or a drawer.

Abstract

The invention relates to a bistable electromagnetic actuator (in direction A' or B') comprising a casing (11') extending partially around an axis of rotation (X) of the actuator, an excitation coil (12') supported by the casing (11') capable of generating a magnetic flux, a rotor (21') movable about the axis of rotation of the actuator and capable of being immobilised in two stable angular positions (in direction A' or B') depending on the magnetic flux generated by the coil (21'), an actuating member coupled to the rotor (21') in order to form a rotatable assembly; and a manual control device comprising a drive shaft or kinematically coupled to the rotor (21') so that a rotation of said drive shaft causes the rotor to rotate.

Description

ACTIONNEURELECTROMAGNETIQUEBISTABLEETVALVEDEFREIND'AERONEFEQUIPEED'UNTELACTIONNEUR BISTABLE ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR AND BRAKE VALVE FOR AIRCRAFT EQUIPPED WITH AN ACTUATOR
L'invention concerne le domaine des actionneurs électromagnétiques et plus particulièrement un actionneur électromagnétique rotatif à commande manuelle, ainsi qu'une valve de frein de parking d'aéronef comprenant un tel actionneur. The invention concerns the field of electromagnetic actuators and more particularly a rotary electromagnetic actuator with manual control, as well as an aircraft parking brake valve comprising such an actuator.
ARRIERE PLAN DE L'INVENTION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
D'une manière générale, un frein de roue d'aéronef comporte des éléments de friction solidaires pour certains de la roue et pour d'autres d'un stator, et un vérin de frein agencé pour exercer sur les éléments de friction un effort suffisant pour bloquer en rotation la roue d'aéronef . In general, an aircraft wheel brake comprises friction elements secured for some to the wheel and for others to a stator, and a brake cylinder arranged to exert a sufficient force on the friction elements. to lock the aircraft wheel in rotation.
Au parking, le vérin de frein est activé par un dispositif de commande dédié (appelé ici système de frein de parking) et distinct du dispositif de commande du vérin de frein en phase d'atterrissage. Le système de frein de parking comporte un distributeur hydraulique communément appelé PBSELV (de l'anglais « Park Brake Selector Valve ») ou PBSOV (de l'anglais « Park Brake Shut-off Valve »), dont un tiroir ou un clapet est généralement déplacé par un actionneur électromécanique. When parking, the brake actuator is activated by a dedicated control device (here called the parking brake system) and separate from the control device for the brake actuator in the landing phase. The parking brake system comprises a hydraulic distributor commonly called PBSELV (from the English "Park Brake Selector Valve") or PBSOV (from the English "Park Brake Shut-off Valve"), of which a slide or a valve is generally moved by an electromechanical actuator.
L'actionneur électromécanique comprend un moteur électrique avec un stator et un rotor, et un ensemble vis/écrou dont l'un des éléments est entraîné en rotation par le rotor et l'autre élément est astreint à coulisser sans rotation entre deux positions pour commander le déplacement du tiroir ou du clapet. The electromechanical actuator comprises an electric motor with a stator and a rotor, and a screw/nut assembly, one of the elements of which is driven in rotation by the rotor and the other element is forced to slide without rotation between two positions to control movement of the spool or damper.
L'engrenage formé par l'ensemble vis/écrou est réputé irréversible de sorte que ce type d'actionneur ne permet pas de commander manuellement le déplacement dudit tiroir ou dudit clapet. Or, pour des raisons de maintenance, il serait intéressant de pouvoir commander le distributeur PBSELV / PBSOV en l'absence d'électricité. Il serait par ailleurs intéressant de pouvoir commander manuellement le frein de parking en cas de panne électrique ou de dysfonctionnement électronique. The gear formed by the screw/nut assembly is deemed to be irreversible so that this type of actuator does not make it possible to manually control the movement of said slide or of said valve. However, for maintenance reasons, it would be advantageous to be able to control the distributor PBSELV/PBSOV in the absence of electricity. It would also be interesting to be able to manually control the parking brake in the event of an electrical failure or electronic malfunction.
OBJET DE L'INVENTION OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
L'invention a donc pour objet de proposer un actionneur électromagnétique bistable commandable à la fois électriquement et manuellement pour piloter un distributeur tel que celui d'un système de frein de parking d'aéronef. The object of the invention is therefore to provide a bistable electromagnetic actuator that can be controlled both electrically and manually to control a distributor such as that of an aircraft parking brake system.
RESUME DE L'INVENTION SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A cet effet, on prévoit, selon l'invention, un actionneur électromagnétique bistable comprenant : To this end, provision is made, according to the invention, for a bistable electromagnetic actuator comprising:
- une carcasse s'étendant partiellement autour d'un axe de rotation de l'actionneur, - a casing extending partially around an axis of rotation of the actuator,
- au moins une bobine d'excitation supportée par la carcasse pour générer un flux magnétique de commande,- at least one excitation coil supported by the carcass to generate a magnetic control flux,
- un rotor mobile autour de l'axe de rotation de l'actionneur et apte à être immobilisé selon deux positions angulaires stables en fonction du flux magnétique généré par la bobine, - a rotor mobile around the axis of rotation of the actuator and capable of being immobilized in two stable angular positions depending on the magnetic flux generated by the coil,
- un organe d'actionnement couplé au rotor pour former un ensemble mobile en rotation, et - an actuating member coupled to the rotor to form a rotatable assembly, and
- un dispositif de commande manuelle comprenant un arbre d'entraînement couplé cinématiquement au rotor de sorte qu'une rotation de l'arbre d'entraînement engendre une rotation du rotor. - A manual control device comprising a drive shaft kinematically coupled to the rotor so that a rotation of the drive shaft generates a rotation of the rotor.
L'organe d'actionnement peut ainsi être déplacé par une excitation de la bobine ou une rotation de l'arbre d'entraînement de sorte que l'actionneur est commandable à la fois électriquement et manuellement. The actuating member can thus be moved by excitation of the coil or rotation of the drive shaft so that the actuator is controllable both electrically and manually.
De manière particulière, l'arbre d'entraînement s'étend suivant l'axe de rotation de l'actionneur. In particular, the drive shaft extends along the axis of rotation of the actuator.
De manière particulière, le dispositif de commande manuelle comprend une manette agencée à une extrémité de l'arbre d'entraînement pour entraîner en rotation ledit arbre d'entraînement. In particular, the manual control device comprises a handle arranged at one end of the drive shaft for rotating said drive shaft.
De manière particulière, la course du rotor entre ses deux positions angulaires stables est suffisante pour que la manette puisse constituer un indicateur de position du rotor, les positions extrêmes de la manette étant suffisamment écartées pour être distinguées l'une de l'autre sans hésitation à l'œil nu. In particular, the travel of the rotor between its two stable angular positions is sufficient for the lever to be able to constitute a position indicator of the rotor, the extreme positions of the lever being sufficiently separated to be distinguished from one another without hesitation. with the naked eye.
De manière particulière, la course du rotor est sensiblement égale à 30 degrés. In particular, the stroke of the rotor is substantially equal to 30 degrees.
De manière particulière, la tige a une portion reçue pour tourner, autour de l'axe de rotation du rotor, dans un alésage ménagé dans un capot d'extrémité rapporté de manière amovible sur un carter de l'actionneur. In particular, the rod has a portion received to rotate, around the axis of rotation of the rotor, in a bore made in an end cap removably attached to a casing of the actuator.
De manière particulière, un joint d'étanchéité est monté dans l'alésage ménagé dans le capot d'extrémité pour assurer une étanchéité entre la tige et le capot d'extrémité. In particular, a seal is mounted in the bore made in the end cap to provide a seal between the rod and the end cap.
De manière particulière, le rotor comprend un noyau en matériau ferromagnétique et au moins un aimant permanent logé dans une cannelure du noyau. In particular, the rotor comprises a core made of ferromagnetic material and at least one permanent magnet housed in a groove in the core.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, une pluralité d'aimants permanents est fixée sur le noyau pour faciliter la tenue en vibration du rotor dans l'une ou l'autre de ses positions stables. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a plurality of permanent magnets is fixed to the core to facilitate holding the rotor to vibration in one or other of its stable positions.
De manière particulière, l'organe d'actionnement et l'arbre d'entraînement sont venus de matière avec le rotor. In particular, the actuating member and the drive shaft are integral with the rotor.
L'invention concerne également une valve de frein de parking d'aéronef comprenant un tel actionneur et un élément de distribution mobile entre deux positions de service. L'organe d'actionnement est relié à l'élément de distribution pour commander un déplacement dudit élément de distribution entre ses deux positions de service. The invention also relates to an aircraft parking brake valve comprising such an actuator and a distribution element movable between two operating positions. The actuating member is connected to the dispensing element to control movement of said dispensing element between its two operating positions.
De manière particulière, l'élément de distribution comprend au moins un clapet ou un tiroir. L'invention concerne en outre un aéronef équipé d'un circuit de freinage comportant au moins une telle valve. In particular, the dispensing element comprises at least one valve or one drawer. The invention further relates to an aircraft equipped with a braking circuit comprising at least one such valve.
BREVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lumière de la description qui suit, laquelle est purement illustrative et non limitative, et doit être lue en regard des dessins annexés, parmi lesquels : The invention will be better understood in the light of the following description, which is purely illustrative and not limiting, and must be read in conjunction with the appended drawings, among which:
- la figure 1 est une représentation simplifiée d'un aéronef qui est équipé d'un circuit de freinage pourvu d'un actionneur électromagnétique bistable selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ; - Figure 1 is a simplified representation of an aircraft which is equipped with a braking circuit provided with a bistable electromagnetic actuator according to a first embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe partielle de l'actionneur électromagnétique bistable, selon un plan passant par un axe de rotation de l'actionneur ; - Figure 2 is a partial sectional view of the bistable electromagnetic actuator, along a plane passing through an axis of rotation of the actuator;
- la figure 3 est une vue en coupe de l'actionneur illustré à la figure 2 selon un premier plan III orthogonal à l'axe de rotation de l'actionneur, représenté dans l'un de ses deux états stables ; - Figure 3 is a sectional view of the actuator shown in Figure 2 along a first plane III orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the actuator, shown in one of its two stable states;
- la figure 4 est une vue en coupe de l'actionneur illustré à la figure 2 selon un deuxième plan IV orthogonal à l'axe de rotation de l'actionneur, représenté en milieu de course entre ses deux états stables ; - Figure 4 is a sectional view of the actuator shown in Figure 2 along a second plane IV orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the actuator, shown in the middle of the stroke between its two stable states;
- la figure 5 est une vue en coupe d'un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'actionneur selon un plan orthogonal à l'axe de rotation de l'actionneur, représenté en milieu de course entre ses deux états stables. - Figure 5 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of the actuator along a plane orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the actuator, shown in the middle of travel between its two stable states.
DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTION DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
En référence à la figure 1, l'invention est ici décrite en application au blocage en rotation de roues R montées sur les atterrisseurs principaux L d'un aéronef P. L'aéronef P est équipé d'un circuit de freinage F dédié qui comporte une valve V de frein ayant un élément de distribution mobile entre deux positions. Le déplacement de l'élément de distribution est commandé par un actionneur électromagnétique bistable, généralement désigné en 1. L'actionneur 1 comprend, selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, un ensemble fixe désigné de façon générale par la référence 10, ainsi qu'un ensemble mobile en rotation autour d'un axe central X et désigné de façon générale par la référence 20. With reference to FIG. 1, the invention is described here in application to the locking in rotation of wheels R mounted on the main landing gears L of an aircraft P. The aircraft P is equipped with a dedicated braking circuit F which comprises a brake valve V having a distribution element movable between two positions. The movement of the distribution element is controlled by a bistable electromagnetic actuator, generally designated 1. The actuator 1 comprises, according to a first embodiment of the invention, a fixed assembly generally designated by the reference 10, as well as a mobile assembly in rotation around a central axis X and generally designated by reference 20.
Comme illustré à la figure 3, l'ensemble fixe 10 comprend une carcasse 11 réalisée en matériau ferromagnétique. La carcasse 11 comprend une portion annulaire 11c de laquelle s'étendent en saillie radiale six plots 11b identiques formant des pôles lia orientés vers l'axe X et équitablement répartis autour dudit axe X. Chacun des plots lia est entouré par un enroulement d'une bobine 12 électromagnétique de manière à pouvoir exciter les pôles lia en générant des flux magnétiques lorsque les bobines 12 sont alimentées électriquement. As illustrated in Figure 3, the fixed assembly 10 comprises a carcass 11 made of ferromagnetic material. The carcass 11 comprises an annular portion 11c from which extend in radial projection six identical pads 11b forming poles 11a oriented towards the axis X and evenly distributed around said axis X. Each of the pads 11a is surrounded by a winding of a electromagnetic coil 12 so as to be able to excite the poles IIa by generating magnetic fluxes when the coils 12 are electrically supplied.
L'ensemble mobile 20 comprend un rotor 21 mobile en rotation autour de l'axe X et une tige 22 couplée au rotor 21 pour former un organe d'actionnement s'étendant suivant l'axe X (figure 2). La tige 22 est ici venue de matière avec le rotor 21 qui est réalisé en matériau magnétique. The mobile assembly 20 comprises a rotor 21 mobile in rotation around the axis X and a rod 22 coupled to the rotor 21 to form an actuating member extending along the axis X (FIG. 2). The rod 22 is here integral with the rotor 21 which is made of magnetic material.
Une première portion du rotor 21 comporte un premier noyau 23a ayant, selon un plan orthogonal à l'axe X, une section hexagonale définissant six faces. Sur chacune des faces est fixé un aimant 24 permanent logé dans une cannelure du noyau 23a. Les aimants 24 sont solidarisés au noyau 23a par collage ou frettage pour générer un flux magnétique permanent en l'absence de courant dans les bobines 12. Les aimants 24 présentent avec les pôles lia de la carcasse 11 un entrefer principal E constant durant la rotation du rotor 21 autour de l'axe X. A first portion of the rotor 21 comprises a first core 23a having, along a plane orthogonal to the axis X, a hexagonal section defining six faces. On each of the faces is fixed a permanent magnet 24 housed in a groove of the core 23a. The magnets 24 are secured to the core 23a by gluing or hooping to generate a permanent magnetic flux in the absence of current in the coils 12. The magnets 24 have with the poles IIa of the carcass 11 a constant main air gap E during the rotation of the rotor 21 around the X axis.
Une deuxième portion du rotor 21 comprend un deuxième noyau 23b globalement de forme cylindrique (figure 4). Le noyau 23b comprend une excroissance 23.1 radiale définissant, avec des surfaces 13a, 13b planes d'un corps non magnétique de l'ensemble fixe 10, deux entrefers secondaires A, B variables lorsque le rotor 21 se déplace entre deux positions angulaires stables sans courant dans lesquelles l'excroissance 23.1 est en contact avec l'une des surfaces 13a, 13b. Les surfaces 13a, 13b forment ainsi des butées délimitant la course angulaire du rotor 21 pour passer de l'une à l'autre de ses positions stables. L'excroissance 23.1 et les surfaces 13a, 13b sont agencées de manière à ce que la course angulaire du rotor 21 soit ici sensiblement égale à 30 degrés. Les surfaces 13a, 13b sont positionnées angulairement par rapport aux pôles lia et l'excroissance 23.1 est positionnée angulairement par rapport aux aimants 24 de telle manière que, lorsque l'excroissance 23.1 est en appui contre la surface 13a et alternativement contre la surface 13b, les aimants 24 exercent sur les pôles lia un effort d'attraction tendant à plaquer l'excroissance 23.1 contre la surface 13a et alternativement 13b. Ainsi, lorsque l'excroissance 23.1 est en appui contre la surface 13a et alternativement contre la surface 13b, en dehors d'une alimentation des bobines 12, le rotor 21 se trouve dans une position stable, les deux positions stables se trouvant de part et d'autre d'une position médiane instable. A second portion of the rotor 21 comprises a second core 23b generally of cylindrical shape (FIG. 4). The core 23b comprises a radial protrusion 23.1 defining, with flat surfaces 13a, 13b of a non-magnetic body of the fixed assembly 10, two air gaps secondary A, B variables when the rotor 21 moves between two stable angular positions without current in which the protrusion 23.1 is in contact with one of the surfaces 13a, 13b. The surfaces 13a, 13b thus form abutments delimiting the angular stroke of the rotor 21 to pass from one to the other of its stable positions. The protrusion 23.1 and the surfaces 13a, 13b are arranged so that the angular stroke of the rotor 21 is here substantially equal to 30 degrees. The surfaces 13a, 13b are positioned angularly with respect to the poles 11a and the protrusion 23.1 is positioned angularly with respect to the magnets 24 in such a way that, when the protrusion 23.1 bears against the surface 13a and alternately against the surface 13b, the magnets 24 exert on the poles IIa an attraction force tending to press the protuberance 23.1 against the surface 13a and alternately 13b. Thus, when the protrusion 23.1 bears against the surface 13a and alternately against the surface 13b, apart from a supply of the coils 12, the rotor 21 is in a stable position, the two stable positions being on either side. on the other from an unstable middle position.
La tige 22 présente une forme globalement cylindrique pour tourner autour de l'axe X. Une extrémité proximale de la tige 22 est solidaire du noyau 23b. La tige 22 est ainsi mobile en rotation autour de l'axe X entre deux positions extrêmes correspondants aux positions stables du rotor 21. The rod 22 has a generally cylindrical shape to rotate around the axis X. A proximal end of the rod 22 is integral with the core 23b. The rod 22 is thus rotatable around the axis X between two extreme positions corresponding to the stable positions of the rotor 21.
L'ensemble fixe 10 est fixé à l'intérieur d'un volume de réception délimité par des parois internes d'un carter 30 réalisé en matériau non magnétique. Une extrémité distale 22.1 de la tige 22 s'étend en saillie du carter et comporte une interface de liaison pour être couplée à l'élément de distribution. The fixed assembly 10 is fixed inside a reception volume delimited by internal walls of a casing 30 made of non-magnetic material. A distal end 22.1 of the rod 22 projects from the casing and includes a connection interface to be coupled to the dispensing element.
L'actionneur 1 comprend également un dispositif de commande manuelle 40 pour tourner manuellement le rotor 21 entre ses deux positions stables. Le dispositif de commande 40 comporte une tige 41 couplée au noyau 23a pour former un arbre d'entraînement s'étendant suivant l'axe X. Les tiges 22, 41 s'étendent ainsi de part et d'autre du rotor 21. The actuator 1 also includes a manual control device 40 to manually turn the rotor 21 between its two stable positions. The control device 40 comprises a rod 41 coupled to the core 23a to form a drive shaft extending along the axis X. The rods 22, 41 thus extend on either side of the rotor 21.
La tige 41 est ici venue de matière avec le noyau 23a. Elle présente une forme globalement cylindrique et a une portion reçue pour tourner autour de l'axe X dans un alésage ménagé dans un capot d'extrémité 31 rapporté de manière amovible sur le carter 30. Un roulement 43 est monté dans ledit alésage du capot d'extrémité 31 pour guider la tige 41 en rotation. Un joint d'étanchéité 44 monté dans ledit alésage assure une étanchéité entre la tige 41 et le capot d'extrémité 31. Le joint d'étanchéité 44 exerce sur la tige 41 des efforts de friction qui s'opposent à la rotation de ladite tige 41 et qui doivent donc être pris en compte lors du dimensionnement de l'actionneur 1. Un autre joint d'étanchéité (non représenté) est emprisonné entre le capot d'extrémité 31 et le carter 30 pour assurer une étanchéité entre le carter 30 et le capot d'extrémité 31. The rod 41 is here integral with the core 23a. It has a generally cylindrical shape and has a portion received to rotate around the X axis in a bore formed in an end cover 31 removably attached to the housing 30. A bearing 43 is mounted in said bore of the cover. end 31 to guide the rod 41 in rotation. A seal 44 mounted in said bore provides a seal between the rod 41 and the end cap 31. The seal 44 exerts on the rod 41 friction forces which oppose the rotation of said rod 41 and which must therefore be taken into account when sizing the actuator 1. Another seal (not shown) is trapped between the end cover 31 and the casing 30 to ensure a seal between the casing 30 and the end cover 31.
Une extrémité proximale de la tige 41 est solidaire du noyau 23a. La tige 41 est ainsi mobile en rotation autour de l'axe X entre deux positions extrêmes correspondants aux positions stables du rotor 21. A proximal end of rod 41 is integral with core 23a. The rod 41 is thus rotatable around the axis X between two extreme positions corresponding to the stable positions of the rotor 21.
Une extrémité distale 41.1 de la tige 41 s'étend en saillie du carter 30 et est pourvue d'une manette 42 (visible sur la figure 2) pour entraîner en rotation l'arbre d'entraînement 41. La manette 42, ici de forme couramment nommée « papillon », comprend deux oreilles identiques 42.1 qui s'étendent symétriquement de part et d'autre de l'axe X et dans un plan passant par ledit axe X. Les oreilles 42.1 forment des moyens de préhension pour entraîner en rotation la tige 41. Puisque la tige 41 est solidairement fixée au noyau 23a, une rotation de la tige 41 provoque également une rotation du rotor 21 vers l'une ou l'autre de ses positions stables. A distal end 41.1 of the rod 41 projects from the housing 30 and is provided with a lever 42 (visible in FIG. 2) to drive the drive shaft 41 in rotation. commonly called "butterfly", comprises two identical lugs 42.1 which extend symmetrically on either side of the X axis and in a plane passing through said X axis. The lugs 42.1 form gripping means for rotating the rod 41. Since the rod 41 is integrally fixed to the core 23a, a rotation of the rod 41 also causes a rotation of the rotor 21 towards one or the other of its stable positions.
La manette 42 a un débattement angulaire défini directement par les positions extrêmes de la tige 41 et indirectement par les positions stables du rotor 21. Ce débattement angulaire est donc ici sensiblement égal à 30 degrés et peut par exemple être matérialisé sur le carter 30 par un premier trait suivi de l'inscription « ON » et par un deuxième trait suivi de l'inscription « OFF ». Le premier trait correspond à une première position angulaire extrême de la manette 42 dans laquelle l'une des oreilles 42.1 est dans le prolongement dudit premier trait et le rotor 21 est dans l'une de ses positions stables. Le deuxième trait correspond à une deuxième position angulaire extrême de la manette 42 dans laquelle l'une des oreilles 42.1 est dans le prolongement dudit deuxième trait et le rotor 21 est dans l'autre de ses positions stables. La manette 42 permet ainsi d'avoir une indication visuelle sur la position angulaire de la tige 41, et donc du rotor 21 et de la tige 22. Les positions extrêmes de la manette 42 sont suffisamment écartées pour être distinguées l'une de l'autre sans hésitation à l'œil nu. The lever 42 has an angular displacement defined directly by the extreme positions of the rod 41 and indirectly by the stable positions of the rotor 21. This angular displacement is therefore here substantially equal to 30 degrees and can for example be materialized on the casing 30 by a first line followed by the inscription “ON” and by a second line followed by the inscription “OFF”. The first line corresponds to a first extreme angular position of the lever 42 in which one of the lugs 42.1 is in the extension of said first line and the rotor 21 is in one of its stable positions. The second line corresponds to a second extreme angular position of the handle 42 in which one of the ears 42.1 is in the extension of said second line and the rotor 21 is in the other of its stable positions. The handle 42 thus makes it possible to have a visual indication of the angular position of the rod 41, and therefore of the rotor 21 and of the rod 22. The extreme positions of the handle 42 are sufficiently separated to be distinguished from one of the other without hesitation with the naked eye.
Le fonctionnement de l'actionneur 1 va maintenant être décrit. The operation of actuator 1 will now be described.
Pour tourner le rotor 21 vers l'une ou l'autre de ses positions stables, les bobines 12 électromagnétiques sont alimentées électriquement sous une tension positive ou négative de manière à générer des champs magnétiques d'attraction du noyau 23a dans un sens ou dans l'autre. To turn the rotor 21 towards one or the other of its stable positions, the electromagnetic coils 12 are electrically supplied with a positive or negative voltage so as to generate magnetic fields of attraction of the core 23a in one direction or in the other direction. 'other.
Les champs magnétiques générés par les bobines 12 produisent des flux magnétiques qui sont guidés par les parties ferromagnétiques de l'actionneur 1. Chacun des flux magnétiques forme une boucle et traverse successivement un premier plot lib au contact d'une première bobine 12, un premier aimant 24, un deuxième plot 11b au contact d'une deuxième bobine 12, une partie de la portion annulaire 11c de la carcasse 11. The magnetic fields generated by the coils 12 produce magnetic fluxes which are guided by the ferromagnetic parts of the actuator 1. Each of the magnetic fluxes forms a loop and successively crosses a first pad lib in contact with a first coil 12, a first magnet 24, a second pad 11b in contact with a second coil 12, part of the annular portion 11c of the frame 11.
Le rotor 21 tourne alors autour de l'axe X à l'intérieur de la carcasse 11 et est plaqué contre l'une des surfaces 13a, 13b en fonction du sens d'alimentation des bobines 12. Le noyau 23b se trouve alors écarté de l'autre des surfaces 13a, 13b et l'un des entrefers secondaires A, B se trouve fermé. The rotor 21 then rotates around the axis X inside the casing 11 and is pressed against one of the surfaces 13a, 13b depending on the direction of supply of the coils 12. The core 23b is then separated from the other of the surfaces 13a, 13b and one of the secondary air gaps A, B is closed.
Le passage du rotor 21 vers l'une ou l'autre de ses positions stables engendre une rotation de la tige 22, et donc un déplacement de l'élément de distribution de la valve entre ses deux positions en service. Le passage du rotor 21 vers l'une ou l'autre de ses positions extrêmes engendre également une rotation de la tige 41, et donc une rotation de la manette 42. The passage of the rotor 21 towards one or the other of its stable positions generates a rotation of the rod 22, and therefore a displacement of the distribution element of the valve between its two positions in service. The passage of the rotor 21 towards one or the other of its extreme positions also generates a rotation of the rod 41, and therefore a rotation of the lever 42.
Il est aussi possible de commander manuellement le déplacement de l'élément de distribution en tournant la manette 42 de façon à réaliser une rotation de la tige 41. La rotation de la tige 41 engendre une rotation du rotor 21 vers l'une ou l'autre de ses positions stables en fonction du sens de la rotation de la manette 42, ce qui entraîne un déplacement de l'élément de distribution vers l'une ou l'autre de ses positions de service. It is also possible to manually control the movement of the dispensing element by turning the handle 42 so as to rotate the rod 41. The rotation of the rod 41 generates a rotation of the rotor 21 towards one or the another of its stable positions depending on the direction of rotation of the lever 42, which causes the dispensing element to move towards one or the other of its operating positions.
Afin d'assurer une tenue en vibration du rotor 21 dans l'une ou l'autre de ses positions stables en accord avec les standards EUROCAE ED-14G / RTCADO-160G (alinéa 8.5.1 pour les vibrations sinusoïdales et alinéa 8.5.2 pour les vibrations aléatoires), les plots lia et les aimants 24 sont agencés de manière à exercer sur l'ensemble mobile 20 une force d'attraction sensiblement égale à 0,5 N.m (Newton mètre). Ainsi, les plots lia et les aimants 24 produisent un couple de maintien suffisant pour permettre à l'ensemble mobile 20 soumis à plusieurs centaines de fois son poids de rester dans l'une ou l'autre de ses positions stables. In order to ensure vibration resistance of the rotor 21 in one or other of its stable positions in accordance with the EUROCAE ED-14G / RTCADO-160G standards (paragraph 8.5.1 for sinusoidal vibrations and paragraph 8.5.2 for random vibrations), the studs 11a and the magnets 24 are arranged so as to exert on the mobile assembly 20 an attractive force substantially equal to 0.5 Nm (Newton meter). Thus, the studs 11a and the magnets 24 produce sufficient holding torque to allow the assembly mobile 20 subjected to several hundred times its weight to remain in one or the other of its stable positions.
L'intensité du courant traversant les bobines 12 sera alors agencée de manière à exercer sur l'ensemble mobile 20 une force d'attraction supérieure à 0,5 N.m, par exemple sensiblement égale à 1,5 N.m afin de notamment vaincre tout effort de friction s'opposant à la rotation de l'ensemble mobile 20 sur toute la plage de température dans laquelle est amené à fonctionner l'actionneur 1. The intensity of the current passing through the coils 12 will then be arranged so as to exert on the mobile assembly 20 a force of attraction greater than 0.5 N.m, for example substantially equal to 1.5 N.m in order in particular to overcome any force of friction opposing the rotation of the mobile assembly 20 over the entire temperature range in which the actuator 1 is caused to operate.
La figure 5 illustre un actionneur l' qui n'est autre que le deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention. FIG. 5 illustrates an actuator 1' which is none other than the second embodiment of the invention.
L'actionneur l' diffère de l'actionneur 1 en que l'ensemble fixe 10' comprend une carcasse 11' réalisée en matériau ferromagnétique et ayant globalement une forme de fer à cheval s'étendant partiellement autour de l'axe X. La carcasse 11' comporte deux parties polaires lia', 11b' reliées entre elles par une partie centrale 11c' supportant une bobine 12' électromagnétique. La bobine 12' comprend un enroulement entourant la partie centrale 11c' de manière à pouvoir exciter les parties polaires lia', 11b' en générant un flux magnétique lorsque la bobine est alimentée électriquement . The actuator 1' differs from the actuator 1 in that the fixed assembly 10' comprises a carcass 11' made of ferromagnetic material and generally having the shape of a horseshoe extending partially around the axis X. The carcass 11' comprises two pole parts 11a', 11b' interconnected by a central part 11c' supporting an electromagnetic coil 12'. The coil 12' comprises a winding surrounding the central part 11c' so as to be able to excite the pole parts 11a', 11b' by generating a magnetic flux when the coil is electrically powered.
L'ensemble mobile 20' comprend un rotor 21' mobile en rotation autour de l'axe X et la tige 22 couplée au rotor 21'. The mobile assembly 20' comprises a rotor 21' mobile in rotation around the axis X and the rod 22 coupled to the rotor 21'.
Le rotor 21' comporte un noyau 23' globalement de forme cylindrique et réalisé en matériau ferromagnétique, et un aimant 24' permanent de forme semi-cylindrique logé dans une cannelure du noyau 23'. L'aimant 24' est solidarisé au noyau 23' par collage ou frettage pour générer un flux magnétique permanent en l'absence de courant dans la bobine 12'. L'aimant 24' présente avec les parties polaire lia', 11b' de la carcasse 11' un entrefer principal E' constant durant la rotation du rotor autour de l'axe X. Le noyau 23' comprend une excroissance 23.1' radiale diamétralement opposée à l'aimant et définissant, avec les parties polaires lia', 11b' de la carcasse 11', deux entrefers secondaires A', B' variables lorsque le rotor 21' se déplace entre deux positions angulaires stables sans courant dans lesquelles l'excroissance 23.1' est en contact avec l'une des parties polaires lia', 11b'. Les parties polaires lia', 11b' forment ainsi des butées et permettent de refermer le flux magnétique de la bobine 12' vers le rotor 21'. The rotor 21′ comprises a core 23′ of generally cylindrical shape and made of ferromagnetic material, and a permanent magnet 24′ of semi-cylindrical shape housed in a groove of the core 23′. Magnet 24' is secured to core 23' by gluing or shrinking to generate a permanent magnetic flux in the absence of current in coil 12'. The magnet 24' has with the pole parts 11a', 11b' of the carcass 11' a main air gap E' which is constant during the rotation of the rotor around the axis X. The core 23' comprises a radial protrusion 23.1' diametrically opposed to the magnet and defining, with the pole parts 11a', 11b' of the carcass 11', two secondary air gaps A', B' which vary when the rotor 21' moves between two stable angular positions without current in which the protrusion 23.1' is in contact with one of the pole parts 11a', 11b'. The pole parts 11a', 11b' thus form abutments and make it possible to close the magnetic flux from the coil 12' towards the rotor 21'.
Les extrémités distales des tiges 22, 41 sont solidaires du noyau 23' et s'étendent de part et d'autre de celui-ci suivant l'axe X. The distal ends of the rods 22, 41 are integral with the core 23' and extend on either side of the latter along the axis X.
Pour tourner le rotor 21' vers l'une ou l'autre de ses positions stables, la bobine 12' électromagnétique est alimentée électriquement sous une tension positive ou négative de manière à générer un champ magnétique d'attraction du noyau 23' dans un sens ou dans l'autre. To turn the rotor 21 'to one or the other of its stable positions, the electromagnetic coil 12' is electrically supplied with a positive or negative voltage so as to generate a magnetic field of attraction of the core 23 'in one direction. or in the other.
Le champ magnétique généré par la bobine 12' produit un flux magnétique qui est guidé par les parties ferromagnétiques de l'actionneur l'. Le flux magnétique forme une boucle et traverse successivement la partie centrale 11c' de la carcasse 11' au contact de la bobine 12', l'une des parties polaires lia', 11b' de la carcasse 11', l'excroissance 23.1' du noyau 23' au contact de la partie polaire lia', 11b', le noyau 23' et l'aimant 24' permanent. The magnetic field generated by the coil 12' produces a magnetic flux which is guided by the ferromagnetic parts of the actuator 1'. The magnetic flux forms a loop and successively crosses the central part 11c' of the carcass 11' in contact with the coil 12', one of the pole parts 11a', 11b' of the carcass 11', the protrusion 23.1' of the core 23' in contact with the pole part 11a', 11b', the core 23' and the permanent magnet 24'.
Le rotor 21' tourne alors autour de l'axe X à l'intérieur de la carcasse 11' et est plaqué contre l'une des parties polaires lia', 11b' en fonction du sens d'alimentation de la bobine 12'. Le noyau 23' se trouve alors écarté de l'autre des parties polaires lia', 11b' et l'un des entrefers secondaires A', B' se trouve fermé. The rotor 21' then rotates around the axis X inside the casing 11' and is pressed against one of the pole parts 11a', 11b' depending on the direction of supply of the coil 12'. The core 23' is then separated from the other of the pole parts 11a', 11b' and one of the secondary air gaps A', B' is closed.
Le passage du rotor 21' vers l'une ou l'autre de ses positions stables engendre une rotation de la tige 22, et donc un déplacement de l'élément de distribution de la valve entre ses deux positions en service. Le passage du rotor 21' vers l'une ou l'autre de ses positions extrêmes engendre également une rotation de la tige 41, et donc une rotation de la manette 42. The passage of the rotor 21' towards one or the other of its stable positions generates a rotation of the rod 22, and therefore a movement of the distribution element of the valve between its two positions in service. The passage of the rotor 21 'to one or the other of its extreme positions also generates a rotation of the rod 41, and therefore a rotation of the handle 42.
Il est aussi possible de commander manuellement le déplacement de l'élément de distribution en tournant la manette 42 de façon à réaliser une rotation de la tige 41. La rotation de la tige 41 engendre une rotation du rotor 21' vers l'une ou l'autre de ses positions stables en fonction du sens de la rotation de la manette 42, ce qui entraîne un déplacement de l'élément de distribution vers l'une ou l'autre de ses positions de service. It is also possible to manually control the movement of the dispensing element by turning the lever 42 so as to rotate the rod 41. The rotation of the rod 41 generates a rotation of the rotor 21' towards one or the other. other of its stable positions depending on the direction of rotation of the lever 42, which causes the dispensing element to move towards one or the other of its operating positions.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits mais englobe toute variante entrant dans le champ de l'invention telle que définie par les revendications . Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described but encompasses any variant falling within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
En particulier, l'actionneur peut avoir une structure différente de celles décrites, en particulier en ce qui concerne le rotor et le stator. In particular, the actuator may have a structure different from those described, in particular as regards the rotor and the stator.
Bien qu'ici l'organe d'actionnement et l'arbre d'entraînement ne forment qu'un seul et même élément sur lequel est monté la manette, l'organe d'actionnement peut être distinct de l'arbre d'entraînement. Although here the actuating member and the drive shaft form only one and the same element on which the lever is mounted, the actuating member may be separate from the drive shaft.
Le nombre d'aimants 24 et de plots 11b peut être inférieur ou supérieur à 6. The number of magnets 24 and pads 11b can be less or more than 6.
L'invention est utilisable pour tout type d'actionneur quel que soit le dispositif actionné. The invention can be used for any type of actuator regardless of the device being actuated.
L'élément de distribution peut par exemple être un clapet ou un tiroir. The dispensing element can for example be a valve or a drawer.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Actionneur (1, l') électromagnétique bistable comprenant : 1. Bistable electromagnetic actuator (1, the) comprising:
- une carcasse (11, 11') s'étendant partiellement autour d'un axe (X) de rotation de l'actionneur ; - a casing (11, 11') extending partially around an axis (X) of rotation of the actuator;
- au moins une bobine (12, 12') d'excitation supportée par la carcasse pour générer un flux magnétique de commande ;- at least one excitation coil (12, 12') supported by the carcass to generate a magnetic control flux;
- un rotor (21, 21') mobile autour de l'axe de rotation de l'actionneur et apte à être immobilisé selon deux positions angulaires stables en fonction du flux magnétique généré par la bobine ; - a rotor (21, 21') movable around the axis of rotation of the actuator and capable of being immobilized in two stable angular positions depending on the magnetic flux generated by the coil;
- un organe d'actionnement (22) couplé au rotor pour former un ensemble mobile en rotation ; et - an actuating member (22) coupled to the rotor to form a rotatable assembly; and
- un dispositif de commande manuelle (40) comprenant un arbre d'entraînement (41) couplé cinématiquement au rotor de sorte qu'une rotation de l'arbre d'entraînement engendre une rotation du rotor. - a manual control device (40) comprising a drive shaft (41) kinematically coupled to the rotor so that a rotation of the drive shaft generates a rotation of the rotor.
2. Actionneur (1, l') selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'arbre d'entraînement (41) s'étend suivant l'axe (X) de rotation de l'actionneur et a une extrémité liée directement au rotor (21, 21'). 2. Actuator (1, the) according to claim 1, wherein the drive shaft (41) extends along the axis (X) of rotation of the actuator and has one end directly connected to the rotor ( 21, 21').
3. Actionneur (1, l') selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif de commande manuelle (40) comprend une manette (42) agencée à une extrémité (41.1) de l'arbre d'entraînement (41) pour entraîner en rotation ledit arbre d'entraînement. 3. Actuator (1, the) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the manual control device (40) comprises a handle (42) arranged at one end (41.1) of the drive shaft (41 ) to rotate said drive shaft.
4. Actionneur (1, l') selon la revendication 3, dans lequel la course du rotor (21, 21') entre ses deux positions angulaires stables est suffisante pour que la manette (42) puisse constituer un indicateur de position du rotor, les positions extrêmes de la manette étant suffisamment écartées pour être distinguées l'une de l'autre sans hésitation à l'œil nu. 4. Actuator (1, 1') according to claim 3, in which the travel of the rotor (21, 21') between its two stable angular positions is sufficient for the lever (42) to constitute a rotor position indicator, the extreme positions of the lever being sufficiently separated to be distinguished from one another without hesitation with the naked eye.
5. Actionneur (1, l') selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel la course du rotor (21) est sensiblement égale à 30 degrés. 5. Actuator (1, the) according to the preceding claim, wherein the stroke of the rotor (21) is substantially equal at 30 degrees.
6. Actionneur (1, l') selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la tige (41) a une portion reçue pour tourner, autour de l'axe (X) de rotation du rotor (21, 21'), dans un alésage ménagé dans un capot d'extrémité (31) rapporté de manière amovible sur un carter (30) de l'actionneur. 6. Actuator (1, the) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rod (41) has a portion received to rotate, around the axis (X) of rotation of the rotor (21, 21 ') , in a bore formed in an end cap (31) removably attached to a casing (30) of the actuator.
7. Actionneur (1, l') selon la revendication 6, dans lequel un joint d'étanchéité (44) est monté dans l'alésage ménagé dans le capot d'extrémité (31) pour assurer une étanchéité entre la tige (41) et le capot d'extrémité (31). 7. Actuator (1, the) according to claim 6, wherein a seal (44) is mounted in the bore formed in the end cover (31) to provide a seal between the rod (41) and the end cap (31).
8. Actionneur (1, l') selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le rotor (21, 21') comprend un noyau (23a, 23') en matériau ferromagnétique et au moins un aimant (24, 24') permanent logé dans une cannelure du noyau. 8. Actuator (1, the) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rotor (21, 21 ') comprises a core (23a, 23') of ferromagnetic material and at least one magnet (24, 24 ' ) standing housed in a groove in the core.
9. Actionneur (1) selon la revendication 8, dans lequel une pluralité d'aimants (24) permanents est fixée sur le noyau (23a). 9. Actuator (1) according to claim 8, wherein a plurality of permanent magnets (24) is fixed to the core (23a).
10. Actionneur (1, l') selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'organe d'actionnement (22) et l'arbre d'entraînement (41) sont venus de matière avec le rotor (21, 21'). 10. Actuator (1, the) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the actuating member (22) and the drive shaft (41) are integral with the rotor (21, 21 ').
11. Valve (V) de frein de parking d'aéronef comprenant un actionneur (1, l') selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes et un élément de distribution mobile entre deux positions de service, l'organe d'actionnement (22) étant relié à l'élément de distribution pour commander un déplacement dudit élément de distribution entre ses deux positions de service. 11. Aircraft parking brake valve (V) comprising an actuator (1, the) according to any one of the preceding claims and a distribution element movable between two operating positions, the actuating member (22 ) being connected to the distribution element to control a movement of said distribution element between its two service positions.
12. Valve (V) selon la revendication 11, dans laquelle l'élément de distribution comprend au moins un clapet ou un tiroir. 12. Valve (V) according to claim 11, in which the distribution element comprises at least one valve or one slide valve.
13. Aéronef (P) équipé d'un circuit de freinage (F) comportant au moins une valve (V) selon la revendication 11 ou 12. 13. Aircraft (P) equipped with a braking circuit (F) comprising at least one valve (V) according to claim 11 or 12.
EP21810586.4A 2020-11-12 2021-11-10 Bistable electromagnetic actuator and aircraft brake valve provided with such an actuator Pending EP4244962A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2011623A FR3116165A1 (en) 2020-11-12 2020-11-12 Manually operated rotary electromagnetic actuator and parking brake valve equipped with such an actuator
PCT/EP2021/081294 WO2022101298A1 (en) 2020-11-12 2021-11-10 Bistable electromagnetic actuator and aircraft brake valve provided with such an actuator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4244962A1 true EP4244962A1 (en) 2023-09-20

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ID=74125482

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21810586.4A Pending EP4244962A1 (en) 2020-11-12 2021-11-10 Bistable electromagnetic actuator and aircraft brake valve provided with such an actuator

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20230420169A1 (en)
EP (1) EP4244962A1 (en)
CA (1) CA3197790A1 (en)
FR (1) FR3116165A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2022101298A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3110025B1 (en) * 2020-05-05 2022-05-06 Safran Landing Systems Manually operated electromagnetic actuator and parking brake valve fitted with such an actuator

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5990584A (en) * 1998-08-25 1999-11-23 Eaton Corporation Direct current torque motor with extended stator poles
FR2849712B1 (en) * 2003-01-07 2005-05-20 Moving Magnet Tech ROTARY ACTUATOR BISTABLE SINGLE-PHASE MONOPHASE
FR2955679B1 (en) * 2010-01-25 2012-04-06 Sagem Defense Securite DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING AN INBOARD EQUIPMENT
FR3082503B1 (en) * 2018-06-14 2020-09-04 Safran Landing Systems EMERGENCY BRAKING PROCESS OF AN AIRCRAFT

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CA3197790A1 (en) 2022-05-19
WO2022101298A1 (en) 2022-05-19
FR3116165A1 (en) 2022-05-13
US20230420169A1 (en) 2023-12-28

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