Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F7/00—Magnets
  • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
  • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
  • H01F7/14—Pivoting armatures
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K26/00—Machines adapted to function as torque motors, i.e. to exert a torque when stalled
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
  • B64C25/00—Alighting gear
  • B64C25/32—Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface 
  • B64C25/42—Arrangement or adaptation of brakes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
  • B64C25/00—Alighting gear
  • B64C25/32—Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface 
  • B64C25/42—Arrangement or adaptation of brakes
  • B64C25/44—Actuating mechanisms
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
  • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
  • F16K31/003—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices operated without a stable intermediate position, e.g. with snap action
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
  • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
  • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
  • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
  • F16K31/0675—Electromagnet aspects, e.g. electric supply therefor
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F7/00—Magnets
  • H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
  • H01F7/0205—Magnetic circuits with PM in general
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F7/00—Magnets
  • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
  • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
  • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
  • B60T15/00—Construction arrangement, or operation of valves incorporated in power brake systems and not covered by groups B60T11/00 or B60T13/00
  • B60T15/02—Application and release valves
  • B60T15/025—Electrically controlled valves
  • B60T15/028—Electrically controlled valves in hydraulic systems

Definitions

• the invention concerns the field of electromagnetic actuators and more particularly a rotary electromagnetic actuator with manual control, as well as an aircraft parking brake valve comprising such an actuator.
• an aircraft wheel brake comprises friction elements secured for some to the wheel and for others to a stator, and a brake cylinder arranged to exert a sufficient force on the friction elements. to lock the aircraft wheel in rotation.
• the brake actuator When parking, the brake actuator is activated by a dedicated control device (here called the parking brake system) and separate from the control device for the brake actuator in the landing phase.
• the parking brake system comprises a hydraulic distributor commonly called PBSELV (from the English “Park Brake Selector Valve”) or PBSOV (from the English “Park Brake Shut-off Valve”), of which a slide or a valve is generally moved by an electromechanical actuator.
• the electromechanical actuator comprises an electric motor with a stator and a rotor, and a screw/nut assembly, one of the elements of which is driven in rotation by the rotor and the other element is forced to slide without rotation between two positions to control movement of the spool or damper.
• the gear formed by the screw/nut assembly is deemed to be irreversible so that this type of actuator does not make it possible to manually control the movement of said slide or of said valve.
• the object of the invention is therefore to provide a bistable electromagnetic actuator that can be controlled both electrically and manually to control a distributor such as that of an aircraft parking brake system.
• a bistable electromagnetic actuator comprising:
• a manual control device comprising a drive shaft kinematically coupled to the rotor so that a rotation of the drive shaft generates a rotation of the rotor.
• the actuating member can thus be moved by excitation of the coil or rotation of the drive shaft so that the actuator is controllable both electrically and manually.
• the drive shaft extends along the axis of rotation of the actuator.
• the manual control device comprises a handle arranged at one end of the drive shaft for rotating said drive shaft.
• the travel of the rotor between its two stable angular positions is sufficient for the lever to be able to constitute a position indicator of the rotor, the extreme positions of the lever being sufficiently separated to be distinguished from one another without hesitation. with the naked eye.
• the stroke of the rotor is substantially equal to 30 degrees.
• the rod has a portion received to rotate, around the axis of rotation of the rotor, in a bore made in an end cap removably attached to a casing of the actuator.
• a seal is mounted in the bore made in the end cap to provide a seal between the rod and the end cap.
• the rotor comprises a core made of ferromagnetic material and at least one permanent magnet housed in a groove in the core.
• a plurality of permanent magnets is fixed to the core to facilitate holding the rotor to vibration in one or other of its stable positions.
• actuating member and the drive shaft are integral with the rotor.
• the invention also relates to an aircraft parking brake valve comprising such an actuator and a distribution element movable between two operating positions.
• the actuating member is connected to the dispensing element to control movement of said dispensing element between its two operating positions.
• the dispensing element comprises at least one valve or one drawer.
• the invention further relates to an aircraft equipped with a braking circuit comprising at least one such valve.
• FIG. 1 is a simplified representation of an aircraft which is equipped with a braking circuit provided with a bistable electromagnetic actuator according to a first embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view of the bistable electromagnetic actuator, along a plane passing through an axis of rotation of the actuator;
• FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the actuator shown in Figure 2 along a first plane III orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the actuator, shown in one of its two stable states;
• FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the actuator shown in Figure 2 along a second plane IV orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the actuator, shown in the middle of the stroke between its two stable states;
• FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of the actuator along a plane orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the actuator, shown in the middle of travel between its two stable states.
• the actuator 1 comprises, according to a first embodiment of the invention, a fixed assembly generally designated by the reference 10, as well as a mobile assembly in rotation around a central axis X and generally designated by reference 20.
• the fixed assembly 10 comprises a carcass 11 made of ferromagnetic material.
• the carcass 11 comprises an annular portion 11c from which extend in radial projection six identical pads 11b forming poles 11a oriented towards the axis X and evenly distributed around said axis X.
• Each of the pads 11a is surrounded by a winding of a electromagnetic coil 12 so as to be able to excite the poles IIa by generating magnetic fluxes when the coils 12 are electrically supplied.
• the mobile assembly 20 comprises a rotor 21 mobile in rotation around the axis X and a rod 22 coupled to the rotor 21 to form an actuating member extending along the axis X (FIG. 2).
• the rod 22 is here integral with the rotor 21 which is made of magnetic material.
• a first portion of the rotor 21 comprises a first core 23a having, along a plane orthogonal to the axis X, a hexagonal section defining six faces. On each of the faces is fixed a permanent magnet 24 housed in a groove of the core 23a. The magnets 24 are secured to the core 23a by gluing or hooping to generate a permanent magnetic flux in the absence of current in the coils 12. The magnets 24 have with the poles IIa of the carcass 11 a constant main air gap E during the rotation of the rotor 21 around the X axis.
• a second portion of the rotor 21 comprises a second core 23b generally of cylindrical shape (FIG. 4).
• the core 23b comprises a radial protrusion 23.1 defining, with flat surfaces 13a, 13b of a non-magnetic body of the fixed assembly 10, two air gaps secondary A, B variables when the rotor 21 moves between two stable angular positions without current in which the protrusion 23.1 is in contact with one of the surfaces 13a, 13b.
• the surfaces 13a, 13b thus form abutments delimiting the angular stroke of the rotor 21 to pass from one to the other of its stable positions.
• the protrusion 23.1 and the surfaces 13a, 13b are arranged so that the angular stroke of the rotor 21 is here substantially equal to 30 degrees.
• the surfaces 13a, 13b are positioned angularly with respect to the poles 11a and the protrusion 23.1 is positioned angularly with respect to the magnets 24 in such a way that, when the protrusion 23.1 bears against the surface 13a and alternately against the surface 13b, the magnets 24 exert on the poles IIa an attraction force tending to press the protuberance 23.1 against the surface 13a and alternately 13b.
• the rotor 21 is in a stable position, the two stable positions being on either side. on the other from an unstable middle position.
• the rod 22 has a generally cylindrical shape to rotate around the axis X.
• a proximal end of the rod 22 is integral with the core 23b.
• the rod 22 is thus rotatable around the axis X between two extreme positions corresponding to the stable positions of the rotor 21.
• the fixed assembly 10 is fixed inside a reception volume delimited by internal walls of a casing 30 made of non-magnetic material.
• a distal end 22.1 of the rod 22 projects from the casing and includes a connection interface to be coupled to the dispensing element.
• the actuator 1 also includes a manual control device 40 to manually turn the rotor 21 between its two stable positions.
• the control device 40 comprises a rod 41 coupled to the core 23a to form a drive shaft extending along the axis X.
• the rods 22, 41 thus extend on either side of the rotor 21.
• the rod 41 is here integral with the core 23a. It has a generally cylindrical shape and has a portion received to rotate around the X axis in a bore formed in an end cover 31 removably attached to the housing 30.
• a bearing 43 is mounted in said bore of the cover. end 31 to guide the rod 41 in rotation.
• a seal 44 mounted in said bore provides a seal between the rod 41 and the end cap 31. The seal 44 exerts on the rod 41 friction forces which oppose the rotation of said rod 41 and which must therefore be taken into account when sizing the actuator 1.
• Another seal (not shown) is trapped between the end cover 31 and the casing 30 to ensure a seal between the casing 30 and the end cover 31.
• a proximal end of rod 41 is integral with core 23a.
• the rod 41 is thus rotatable around the axis X between two extreme positions corresponding to the stable positions of the rotor 21.
• a distal end 41.1 of the rod 41 projects from the housing 30 and is provided with a lever 42 (visible in FIG. 2) to drive the drive shaft 41 in rotation.
• a lever 42 visible in FIG. 2 to drive the drive shaft 41 in rotation.
• commonly called “butterfly” comprises two identical lugs 42.1 which extend symmetrically on either side of the X axis and in a plane passing through said X axis.
• the lugs 42.1 form gripping means for rotating the rod 41. Since the rod 41 is integrally fixed to the core 23a, a rotation of the rod 41 also causes a rotation of the rotor 21 towards one or the other of its stable positions.
• the lever 42 has an angular displacement defined directly by the extreme positions of the rod 41 and indirectly by the stable positions of the rotor 21.
• This angular displacement is therefore here substantially equal to 30 degrees and can for example be materialized on the casing 30 by a first line followed by the inscription “ON” and by a second line followed by the inscription “OFF”.
• the first line corresponds to a first extreme angular position of the lever 42 in which one of the lugs 42.1 is in the extension of said first line and the rotor 21 is in one of its stable positions.
• the second line corresponds to a second extreme angular position of the handle 42 in which one of the ears 42.1 is in the extension of said second line and the rotor 21 is in the other of its stable positions.
• the handle 42 thus makes it possible to have a visual indication of the angular position of the rod 41, and therefore of the rotor 21 and of the rod 22.
• the extreme positions of the handle 42 are sufficiently separated to be distinguished from one of the other without hesitation with the naked
• actuator 1 The operation of actuator 1 will now be described.
• the electromagnetic coils 12 are electrically supplied with a positive or negative voltage so as to generate magnetic fields of attraction of the core 23a in one direction or in the other direction. 'other.
• the magnetic fields generated by the coils 12 produce magnetic fluxes which are guided by the ferromagnetic parts of the actuator 1.
• Each of the magnetic fluxes forms a loop and successively crosses a first pad lib in contact with a first coil 12, a first magnet 24, a second pad 11b in contact with a second coil 12, part of the annular portion 11c of the frame 11.
• the rotor 21 then rotates around the axis X inside the casing 11 and is pressed against one of the surfaces 13a, 13b depending on the direction of supply of the coils 12.
• the core 23b is then separated from the other of the surfaces 13a, 13b and one of the secondary air gaps A, B is closed.
• the passage of the rotor 21 towards one or the other of its stable positions generates a rotation of the rod 22, and therefore a displacement of the distribution element of the valve between its two positions in service.
• the passage of the rotor 21 towards one or the other of its extreme positions also generates a rotation of the rod 41, and therefore a rotation of the lever 42.
• the studs 11a and the magnets 24 are arranged so as to exert on the mobile assembly 20 an attractive force substantially equal to 0.5 Nm (Newton meter).
• the studs 11a and the magnets 24 produce sufficient holding torque to allow the assembly mobile 20 subjected to several hundred times its weight to remain in one or the other of its stable positions.
• the intensity of the current passing through the coils 12 will then be arranged so as to exert on the mobile assembly 20 a force of attraction greater than 0.5 N.m, for example substantially equal to 1.5 N.m in order in particular to overcome any force of friction opposing the rotation of the mobile assembly 20 over the entire temperature range in which the actuator 1 is caused to operate.
• FIG. 5 illustrates an actuator 1' which is none other than the second embodiment of the invention.
• the actuator 1' differs from the actuator 1 in that the fixed assembly 10' comprises a carcass 11' made of ferromagnetic material and generally having the shape of a horseshoe extending partially around the axis X.
• the carcass 11' comprises two pole parts 11a', 11b' interconnected by a central part 11c' supporting an electromagnetic coil 12'.
• the coil 12' comprises a winding surrounding the central part 11c' so as to be able to excite the pole parts 11a', 11b' by generating a magnetic flux when the coil is electrically powered.
• the mobile assembly 20' comprises a rotor 21' mobile in rotation around the axis X and the rod 22 coupled to the rotor 21'.
• the rotor 21′ comprises a core 23′ of generally cylindrical shape and made of ferromagnetic material, and a permanent magnet 24′ of semi-cylindrical shape housed in a groove of the core 23′.
• Magnet 24' is secured to core 23' by gluing or shrinking to generate a permanent magnetic flux in the absence of current in coil 12'.
• the magnet 24' has with the pole parts 11a', 11b' of the carcass 11' a main air gap E' which is constant during the rotation of the rotor around the axis X.
• the core 23' comprises a radial protrusion 23.1' diametrically opposed to the magnet and defining, with the pole parts 11a', 11b' of the carcass 11', two secondary air gaps A', B' which vary when the rotor 21' moves between two stable angular positions without current in which the protrusion 23.1' is in contact with one of the pole parts 11a', 11b'.
• the pole parts 11a', 11b' thus form abutments and make it possible to close the magnetic flux from the coil 12' towards the rotor 21'.
• the distal ends of the rods 22, 41 are integral with the core 23' and extend on either side of the latter along the axis X.
• the electromagnetic coil 12' is electrically supplied with a positive or negative voltage so as to generate a magnetic field of attraction of the core 23 'in one direction. or in the other.
• the magnetic field generated by the coil 12' produces a magnetic flux which is guided by the ferromagnetic parts of the actuator 1'.
• the magnetic flux forms a loop and successively crosses the central part 11c' of the carcass 11' in contact with the coil 12', one of the pole parts 11a', 11b' of the carcass 11', the protrusion 23.1' of the core 23' in contact with the pole part 11a', 11b', the core 23' and the permanent magnet 24'.
• the rotor 21' then rotates around the axis X inside the casing 11' and is pressed against one of the pole parts 11a', 11b' depending on the direction of supply of the coil 12'.
• the core 23' is then separated from the other of the pole parts 11a', 11b' and one of the secondary air gaps A', B' is closed.
• the passage of the rotor 21' towards one or the other of its stable positions generates a rotation of the rod 22, and therefore a movement of the distribution element of the valve between its two positions in service.
• the passage of the rotor 21 'to one or the other of its extreme positions also generates a rotation of the rod 41, and therefore a rotation of the handle 42.
• the actuator may have a structure different from those described, in particular as regards the rotor and the stator.
• the actuating member and the drive shaft form only one and the same element on which the lever is mounted, the actuating member may be separate from the drive shaft.
• the number of magnets 24 and pads 11b can be less or more than 6.
• the invention can be used for any type of actuator regardless of the device being actuated.
• the dispensing element can for example be a valve or a drawer.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
• Electromagnets (AREA)
• Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=74125482

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

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Family Cites Families (4)

• 2020
  • 2020-11-12 FR FR2011623A patent/FR3116165A1/fr active Pending
• 2021
  • 2021-11-10 WO PCT/EP2021/081294 patent/WO2022101298A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2021-11-10 CA CA3197790A patent/CA3197790A1/fr active Pending
  • 2021-11-10 US US18/036,570 patent/US20230420169A1/en active Pending
  • 2021-11-10 EP EP21810586.4A patent/EP4244962A1/de active Pending

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