EP4244472A1

EP4244472A1 - Hot-metal-part insulating element for preventing or reducing the formation of heavy-metal compounds which are harmful to the environment and/or to health

Info

Publication number: EP4244472A1
Application number: EP21745237.4A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Ingrid Lipp
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-06-16
Filing date: 2021-06-16
Publication date: 2023-09-20
Also published as: WO2021255125A1; AU2021290996A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a textile or partly metal hot-metal-part insulating element (also referred to herein as "insulating element") for preventing or reducing the formation of heavy-metal compounds which are harmful to the environment and/or to health, which hot-metal-part insulating element is in the form of an insulation mattress, insulation cushion/pillow, insulation mat, insulation sleeve, insulation shaped part, insulation element, insulation hood, insulation blanket, glass woven-fabric shaped mat, insulation cassette, hard cover elements or the like and is used to thermally insulate hot metal parts in a temperature range of 20°C to 750°C.

Description

Hot metal insulating element to prevent or reduce the formation of heavy metal compounds that are harmful to the environment and / or health

Technical area

The present invention relates to a textile or partially metallic, preferably separable metal hot-part insulating element (also referred to herein as "insulating element") to prevent or reduce the formation of heavy metal compounds that are harmful to the environment and / or health, which is in the form of an insulating mattress, insulating cushion / pillow, insulating mat, insulating sleeve, Molded insulating part, insulating element, insulating hood, insulating blanket, molded glass fabric mat, insulating cassette, hardcover element or the like and is used for the thermal insulation of hot metal parts in a temperature range of 20 ° C to 750 ° C.

State of the art

In principle, various types of insulation elements or insulation systems are known, which are used for heat insulation and / or sound insulation but also as heat protection for internal combustion engines (such as engines of motor vehicles, commercial vehicles, construction machinery, rail vehicles and ship engines), hot engine parts, components of exhaust systems such as diesel particulate filters , Turbochargers, catalytic converters, silencers, SCR systems and their associated components, as well as gas and steam turbines, generators, combined heat and power units and similar units, as well as supply and discharge lines belonging to all of the aforementioned systems.

These known insulation elements or insulation systems usually consist of a cover made of textile fabrics using E-glass, ECR-glass, basalt or other high-temperature materials, each with or without metal wire reinforcement, each with or without different coatings and / or chemical impregnations as also on the cold side with laminations of plastic foils and / or metal foils, which enclose one or more layers of insulation material, which usually also consist of E-glass, ECR glass, basalt, rock wool or other high-temperature materials that are selected and designed so that they withstand the operating temperatures of the object to be insulated and also have good heat and sound insulation properties.

Consequently, the known insulation elements or insulation systems are used for thermal insulation and / or sound insulation and / or as heat protection, temperature maintenance in the system, the Heat protection of components located in the vicinity against heat or heating or overheating, or to meet other application requirements such as sound insulation, protection against accidental contact, fire protection, occupational safety, etc.

The construction of these insulation elements or insulation systems takes place in different designs, such as in the form of a pillow, i.e. consisting of an inner fabric (so-called hot side), one or more inner insulating materials and an outer fabric (so-called cold side), or else in the form of a mattress, i.e. consisting of consisting of an inner fabric (so-called hot side), one or more layers of insulation material in the form of insulating mats, loosely filled insulation materials or combinations thereof, an outer fabric (so-called cold side) and a so-called fabric web (side part) that connects the inner and outer fabric and the Insulating element gives its box-like or mattress-like shape.

Other forms of representation are mentioned here and are not described in more detail here.

In recent years, the use of E-glass fabrics, ECR-glass fabrics, HR-glass fabrics, basalt fabrics, calcium-silicate fabrics, each with and without wire reinforcement, as carrier and cladding fabric has proven to be useful for temperatures in the range from 20 ° C to 750 ° C proven. In this temperature range, insulation compounds, thermal conductive cement, spray insulation, solid insulation, rock wool mats, E glass mats, ECR glass mats, HR glass mats, basalt mats, mineral fiber mats are also preferred.

In order to achieve temperature-resistant expediency and durability, some of these, in particular the hot-sided fabric, are provided with special coatings and / or impregnations. The outer, ie cold-side fabric, is often provided with a water- and / or oil-repellent coating and / or impregnation and / or laminated with a plastic film and / or metal film. Some of the outer sides are provided with a metallic reinforcement.

E-glass needle mats, ECR glass needle mats, HR glass fiber mats, so-called superwool products, rock wool, basalt, ceramic fibers or similar insulation materials have proven themselves as insulating materials for temperatures in the range from 20 ° C to 750 ° C.

All of the aforementioned, currently preferred insulating fabrics and all of the aforementioned high-temperature insulating materials have a not inconsiderable mass content of more than 5 wt than 5% by weight of calcium, magnesium and / or their compounds (in particular oxides). Typically, heat insulating materials with a high content of calcium silicate, a composite oxide of calcium oxide and silicon oxide, are used for hot parts, since calcium silicate is considered to be an inexpensive material with good heat resistance, heat insulation and corrosion resistance. Commercially available heat insulating materials contain the composite oxide calcium silicate as the main component.

When dismantling or replacing insulation elements or insulation systems that have been in use from systems encased with them (i.e. hot parts), as are known from the prior art, dusts and / or deposits from heavy metal compounds that are harmful to health and the environment, in particular chromium compounds, are now in particular chromium (VI) compounds, for example in the form of calcium chromate (often in the form of yellow powder), which settle between the part of the system to be insulated and the insulation.

These can be detected as residues both on the insulated components, on the surface of the inner fabric of these insulation elements or insulation systems, within the insulation elements or insulation systems, and on the surface of the insulation used.

It is known that when chromium-containing materials, such as metal hot parts, come into contact with oxygen, small amounts of the gaseous chromium (VI) compounds Cr ^{vl O} ₃ or Cr are increased with the action of steam at high temperatures (up to 600 ° C.) ^vl 0 ₂ (0H) ₂ arise. Cru ₃ is only slightly thermodynamically stable and decomposes at a temperature of 200 ° C again in Cr (III) and 0. ₂

The person skilled in the art is also aware of scientific publications on the formation of Cr (VI) -containing compounds from Cr-containing materials, which are based on an oxidation of chromium, in particular Cr (III) to Cr (VI), in the presence of oxygen and CaO. The research findings on the causes of the formation of chromium (VI) on insulated hot parts of industrial plants in the high temperature range are based on the fact that Cr (VI) -containing compounds are formed on the contact surface of hot parts made of chromium-containing metal and calcium-containing and / or sodium-containing insulation materials.

Sayano et al. (2015) report an increase in the formation of Cr (VI) compounds, which undoubtedly correlates with increasing temperature, increasing contact time and increasing chromium content of the steel. The formation of Na ₂ CrÜ ₄ and a characteristic yellow layer of CaCr0 ₄ , which was deposited on an insulating material containing sodium and / or calcium, is clearly demonstrated, the formation of which is explained with the following reaction equation:

Cr ₂ 0 ₃ + CaO + 1.5 0 _{2 ->} 2 CaCr0 ₄ Approaches to prevent the formation of such heavy metal compounds, which are harmful to health and the environment, are known, for example, from patent specification JP2012220174A. This suggests a hot metal part, in particular containing chromium, with a sheet of metal, in particular iron or nickel, the sheet metal being formed inseparably on the surface of the hot metal part. Only on this sheet is a heat-insulating material applied that contains at least calcium, potassium, magnesium or sodium. As a result, it was found that the formation of the metal sheet on the surface of the metal hot part and thus between the chromium-containing metal hot part to be insulated and the heat-insulating material can suppress the formation of hexavalent chromium. The disadvantage here is that these hot metal parts, preferably directly ex works by the manufacturer himself, have to be coated with this sheet metal. Subsequent coating of hot metal parts that are already in use is complex, cost-intensive and difficult to implement on site.

The patent specification JP2011232021A takes a comparable approach and proposes, in contrast, to coat a chromium-containing metal hot part with a film made of ceramic and to apply a heat-insulating material to this film that contains at least calcium, potassium, magnesium or sodium. Disadvantageously, however, this layer usually has to be applied directly to the chromium-containing hot metal part by the manufacturer. For this purpose, a solution containing a ceramic precursor has to be applied to the surface of the metal hot part, the formation of the film having to take place through the decomposition of the ceramic precursor as a result of a heat treatment.

The heating up of hot metal parts (e.g. engines / turbines), high continuous temperatures (400 ° C-750 ° C) and, if necessary, the action of moisture, seem to promote the process of the formation of heavy metal compounds. However, the permanent temperature of these metal hot parts is not so high that these heavy metal compounds, especially chromium (VI) compounds, volatilize / burn. Temperatures of more than 1,000 ° C are required for this.

The amount of heavy metal compounds produced cannot be predicted / limited, as every hot metal part is used under different conditions and is therefore exposed to different influences.

Heavy metal compounds, especially chromium compounds, here especially chromium (VI) compounds are considered to be extremely harmful to health and the environment. They can cause incurable diseases, are considered to be particularly worrying, carcinogenic and mutagenic and, depending on concentration and contact, can lead to death. The present invention is therefore based on the technical problem of providing an insulation element or insulation system for use at temperatures in the range from 20 ° C to 750 ° C, which, when used as intended, particularly favors the formation of heavy metal compounds, especially chromium compounds, which are harmful to health and the environment Chromium (VI) compounds are prevented or their formation is reduced in such a way that the resulting concentration of these compounds does not pose any risks to health or the environment that can be averted by suitable protective measures.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a preferably textile or partially metallic, in particular separable from the hot metal to be insulated

Metal hot-part insulating element (1) for preventing or reducing the formation of environmentally and / or health-damaging heavy metal compounds according to claim 1, which is at least single-layer or single-layer and thus comprises at least one first outer layer (2) (also referred to herein as the lower outer layer), the first outer layer (2) being designed as a direct contact layer for a hot metal part to be insulated when the hot metal part insulating element is used as intended, the hot metal part insulating element (1) comprising at least the following due to its three-dimensionality (when used as intended):

- A lower outside (3) (also referred to herein as the hot side), which (when the metal hot part insulating element is used as intended) is designed as a direct contact surface for a metal hot part to be insulated, and

- An upper outer side (4) (also referred to herein as the cold side), which is arranged opposite the contact surface for the hot metal part, the first outer layer (2) including alkali metals or alkaline earth metals and their compounds, but at least calcium and calcium compounds (in particular calcium oxide) has a mass content of less than 5 wt .-%, ie the first outer layer (2) consists of materials or insulation materials, the alkali metals or alkaline earth metals and their compounds, but at least calcium and calcium compounds (in particular calcium oxide) with a mass content of less than Have 5 wt .-%.

At least the first outer layer (2) or lower outer layer is preferably designed to be low in alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal, ie the lower outer layer has less than 5 wt .-% of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or compounds (in particular its oxides).

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, at least the first outer layer (2) or lower outer layer (2) is free of alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal. For example, the first outer layer (2) consists of a film or a flat textile structure, in particular a metal foil, particularly preferably a metal mesh, in particular a stainless steel mesh or a stainless steel foil or aluminum foil.

It is advantageous that at least the lower outer layer (2) is low in calcium, preferably calcium free, particularly preferably low in alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal, very particularly preferably free from alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal, when the metal hot part or the metal hot device is used as intended at operating temperatures In the range from 20 ° C to 750 ° C, in particular in the range from 200 ° C to 750 ° C, very particularly preferably in the range from 400 ° C to 750 ° C, the formation of heavy metal compounds that are harmful to the environment and / or health (especially chromium compounds, entirely especially chromium (VI) compounds) that occur due to chemical reactions between the metallic material of the hot metal part or the steel reinforcements in the insulation elements and the conventional insulation element or insulation material, in particular the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or their compounds (especially oxides) contained therein the intended use of the Me Tallheißgerätes arise, prevented or reduced (see Fig. 1).

In addition, the use of the metal hot part insulating element (1) with the structure according to the invention advantageously reduces the corrosion of the metal hot part - which occurs particularly in the presence of moisture or water (e.g. rainwater, condensation, condensation and ice formation) - due to the chemical reaction between the metallic material of the hot metal part and the conventional insulating elements, in particular with the alkali and alkaline earth metals or their compounds (in particular oxides) contained therein, reduced or even prevented. In this context, corrosion is understood to mean the chemical reaction of a hot metal part with its surroundings (e.g. with the insulating material), which causes a measurable change in the hot metal part or its structural properties and can lead to an impairment of its function.

As can be seen herein for the person skilled in the art, the hot metal part insulating element (1) is separably connected to the hot metal part to be insulated. A metal hot part insulating element (1) that can be separated from the hot metal part to be insulated means here that it is not that is, for example, not connected to the hot metal part by welding, a sintering process, by burning out or the like. The metal hot part insulating element (1) is accordingly detachable, detachable or separable from the surface of the metal hot part to be insulated, in particular easily removable without damaging the metal hot part, in particular its surface. This allows the deployed

Hot metal insulating element can simply be removed after its wear and, for example, can be replaced by another hot metal insulating element. Alternatively, this allows the insulated metal hot part to be disposed of without great separation effort. However, the fact that the hot metal part insulating element (1) is separably connected to the hot metal part to be insulated does not (inevitably) rule out that the hot metal part insulating element (1) is glued, for example, to the surface of the hot metal part to be insulated, since common adhesives are simply treated with a solvent , preferably a liquid solvent, can be removed from the surface of the hot metal part to be insulated without damaging its surface.

The preposition “separable” specifies the hot metal insulating element in its property as a modular, detachable and / or not permanently connected hot metal insulating element with regard to the application or attachment to the hot metal part according to the invention.

Further advantageous refinements and developments emerge from the subclaims and from the description with reference to the figures.

Detailed description of the invention

The present invention is based on the knowledge that alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals and compounds with them, in particular calcium and compounds with them against heavy metals such as chromium, which is used in steels, for example, serves as an oxidizing agent and thus the formation of highly toxic metal compounds, e.g. . promotes in the form of metal vapors and metal dusts. The inventors of the present invention have also found that this effect occurs to a greater extent when hot metal parts, the materials of which contain such heavy metals, at temperatures in the range from 20 ° C to 750 ° C, in particular in the range from 200 ° C to 750 ° C, such as For example, they can be operated at temperatures around 250 ° C., around 300 ° C. to 700 ° C., very particularly preferably in the range from 400 ° C. to 750 ° C., in particular up to 700 ° C., 650 ° C. in each case, very particularly preferably up to 600 ° C. Various studies seem to confirm the assumption that the formation of heavy metal compounds, especially chromium compounds, especially chromium (VI) compounds, which are harmful to health and the environment, is directly related to the use of conventional insulation elements and / or insulation systems containing alkali metals and / or insulation systems and thus to coexistence of alkali or alkaline earth metal elements and / or their oxides.

According to the definition in technology and chemistry, the term “SchwermetaN” includes metals (only non-ferrous metals) with a density> 5 g / cm ³ . Many heavy metals, especially lead, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, nickel, mercury, selenium and zinc can be highly toxic to animals and humans as metal, metal ion or in a chemically bound state.

The toxic effect of heavy metals can be heavily dependent on the oxidation state or the chemical compound of the heavy metal. An example of this is chromium, which is nontoxic in elemental form, essential as chromium (III) and toxic and carcinogenic as chromium (VI).

An example of a specific conversion of "non-toxic" heavy metal compounds into heavy metal compounds that are harmful to the environment and / or health due to the chemical reaction between the metallic material of the metal hot part and the conventional insulation elements that contain calcium oxide (CaO) is the oxidation of chromium (III) in Chromium (VI) in the presence of oxygen (O2) and temperatures in the range from 200 ° C to 1,000 ° C, in particular 200 ° C to 600 ° C:

Cr ^(III) ₂ 0 ₃ + 2CaO + 3/2 0 ₂ - 2CaCr < ^vl > 0 ₃

In addition, it was found that the maximum of chromium (III) oxidation to chromium (VI) in the presence of calcium oxide as well as in the presence of magnesium oxide (MgO) and the alkali metal hydroxides potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which from the corresponding oxides are formed in the presence of water, and the associated leaching of chromium (VI) - compounds from hot metal parts, which are harmful to health and the environment - which are coated or insulated with materials that have these compounds - in the range between 150 ° C and 800 ° C is to be expected when using conventional insulation elements (see Figure 1).

Metal hot part

In the context of this invention, the term “metal hot part” refers to metallic hot devices (eg internal combustion engines or steam or gas turbines) and metallic ones Components (e.g. supply and discharge systems for hot devices) which, when used as intended, reach, generate or are operated with an operating temperature in the range of 20 ° C to 750 ° C.

In the context of the invention, the person skilled in the art understands that the intended use of the metal hot part depends on its field of application and the above defined

Operating temperatures of the materials from which the metal hot part is formed is dependent and therefore at an operating temperature in the range from 20 ° C to 750 ° C, in particular in the range from 200 ° C to 750 ° C, such as, for example, at temperatures up to 300 ° C, up to 350 ° C., up to 400 ° C., up to 450 ° C., up to 500 ° C., up to 550 ° C., up to 600 ° C., up to 650 ° C. or up to 700 ° C., very particularly preferably in the range from 400 ° C. to 750 ° C is operated, in particular up to 700 ° C, 650 ° C, very particularly preferably up to 600 ° C

The hot metal parts that are insulated with the hot metal part insulating element (1) according to the invention consist of steel or cast steel, which in particular has alloy components containing heavy metals such as chromium, nickel, molybdenum, titanium or niobium. Examples of this are chrome steel (for hot metal parts with operating temperatures of 100 to 300 ° C), e.g. for heating systems, turbines; Chrome vanadium steel (for metal hot parts with an upper operating temperature of up to 220 ° C); Chrome-nickel steel (for metal hot parts with an upper operating temperature of up to 550 ° C), e.g. for machine and apparatus construction. Further examples of heat-resistant steels containing heavy metals and application examples can be found in Table 1 below.

Table 1: Examples of heat-resistant steels containing heavy metals

Examples of metal hot parts within the meaning of the present invention are internal combustion engines (such as engines of motor vehicles, commercial vehicles, construction machinery, rail vehicles or ship engines), engine hot parts, components of exhaust systems such as diesel particle filters, turbo-chargers, catalytic converters, silencers, SCR systems and their associated components, as well as gas and steam turbines, generators, combined heat and power units and similar units, as well as supply and discharge lines belonging to all of the aforementioned systems.

In geothermal power generation, for example, turbines are also used as hot metal parts, in which (water) steam is used as a working medium with a lower limit of around 180 ° C. The turbines of geothermal steam power plants have to be adjusted to the temperatures that arise and accordingly insulated.

Insulation materials

When choosing the material for the thermal insulation of metal hot parts, the purpose of the insulation must be taken into account. Thermal insulation is understood to mean insulation systems against heat radiation or heat loss for hot metal parts (e.g. systems and metal hot devices) as well as for reducing the surface temperature that are operated above the ambient temperature. Depending on the operating temperature of the hot metal part to be insulated, different materials that are used for the insulation element are used for the thermal insulation.

Basically, the person skilled in the art knows how to select the suitable materials, whereby he can fall back on selection criteria, for example the properties of the material, such as thermal conductivity, application limit temperature, water vapor permeability, hydrophobic properties, flow resistance, fire behavior, mechanical properties, vibration behavior, acoustic properties, proportion organic components e.g. in air separation plants, mold resistance in damp rooms, corrosion behavior, e.g. low content of water-soluble chloride ions in connection with stainless austenitic steels, shelf life, transportability, processability, aging resistance, costs of the material used and disposal / recycling include. The person skilled in the art uses known tables for this purpose. Reference is made here to DIN 4140, which deals with the implementation of insulation on technical systems in industry and in technical building equipment. The VDI 2055 series of guidelines is a guideline for calculating and checking the properties of insulation materials and the thermal properties of insulation systems.

The individual components of the metal hot-part insulation element can be in the form of scrims, bundles, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, braids, fleeces, felts, cardboard, papers, needle mats, stitch-bonded mats, mats, panels, solidified fibers, similar layers, loose fibers, powders, granulates or in the form of an insulating compound or solid insulation.

According to the invention, low-calcium, preferably low-alkali metal and / or alkaline-earth metal, particularly preferably calcium-free, very particularly preferably alkali-metal and / or alkaline-earth metal-free materials, in particular S-glass, M-glass, Q-glass, D-glass, aluminoborosilicates, aluminosilicates, alumina fiber, Silica, carbon and thermally stabilized intermediate products on the way to carbon fiber, cellulose, textile fibers (natural fibers, synthetic fibers), metal fibers (e.g. strands, wires, filaments), metals, metal alloys, plastic-coated metals, metal-coated plastics, plastics or mixtures thereof in question, which are suitable for the thermal insulation of hot metal parts at operating temperatures in the range from 20 ° C to 750 ° C, in particular in the range from 200 ° C to 750 ° C, very particularly preferably in the range from 400 ° C to 750 ° C.

A material that is used for the insulating element, in particular an insulating material or an insulating material carrier or an insulating element covering material, is low in calcium in the sense of the present invention if it has calcium, calcium ions and / or calcium compounds (in particular calcium oxide) with a mass content of less than 5 % By weight, preferably in the range from 0 to 4% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 0 to 3% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 0 to 2% by weight, 0 to 1.5% by weight .-%, 0 to 1 wt .-%, or 1 to 2 wt .-%. Materials in the sense of the present invention are calcium-free if they contain calcium, calcium ions and / or calcium oxide only as unavoidable impurities of not more than 0.50% by weight in total, particularly preferably not more than 0.25% by weight in total, very particularly preferably not more than 0.10% by weight in total. A low-alkali metal and / or low-alkaline earth metal material that is used for the insulation element, such as an insulation material or insulation material carrier or insulation element covering material, is characterized in that these alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and their oxides with a mass content of less than 5 wt. %, preferably in the range from 0 to 4% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 0 to 3% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 0 to 2% by weight, 0 to 1.5% by weight ,

0 to 1% by weight or 1 to 2% by weight. Alkali metal-free or alkaline earth metal-free are materials within the meaning of the present invention if these alkali metals and alkaline earth metals or their compounds (in particular oxides with them) are only as unavoidable impurities of not more than 0.50% by weight, particularly preferably not more than 0.25% by weight, very particularly preferably not more than 0.10% by weight in total.

Particularly advantageous such materials that can be used for the insulating element are S-glass, M-glass, Q-glass, D-glass, aluminoborosilicates (e.g. variant 1: S1O2 with 94-97% by weight, Al2O3 with 3-6% by weight , Others <1% by weight; variant 2: S1O2 with 54% by weight, AI2O3 with 46% by weight; variant 3: S1O2 with 54% by weight, AI2O3 with 43% by weight and Cr203 with 3 % By weight), aluminosilicates, alumina fiber and silicate glass, as these are low in or free of alkali metals on the one hand and are also characterized in some cases by increased moisture resistance and / or strength.

S-glass (S = Strength) is an aluminum silicate glass that is suitable for high mechanical requirements at high temperatures.

M-glass (M = modulus) is a berrylium-containing glass that, due to its increased rigidity (E-module), is used for the highest mechanical requirements.

Q-glass (Q = quartz) describes fibers / filaments made of quartz glass (S1O2), which are usually used at very high temperatures of up to 1,450 ° C (e.g. as fire protection).

D-glass (D = dielectric) is a borosilicate glass.

Fibers / filaments with a mass content of S1O2 of more than 94% are referred to as silicate glass. The remaining mass fractions are Al ₂ O ₃ and about 1.5% are other constituents, the proportion of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and their compounds (in particular oxides with them) being limited by the ranges defined herein. Silicate glass is preferably obtained by chemical leaching, in which (earth) alkali metal components are removed. Otherwise materials normally used for the thermal insulation of hot parts at operating temperatures in the range from 20 ° C to 750 ° C, such as artificial mineral fibers, in particular made of E-glass, ECR-glass, C-glass, basalt, calcium silicate fibers, CMS fibers (Calcium-Magnesium-Silicate), rock wool, slag wool, ceramic fibers have a mass content of oxides of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and barium in total of more than 5% by weight and are therefore not low in calcium, preferably alkali metal and / or low-alkaline earth metal, particularly preferably calcium-free, very particularly preferably alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal-free materials are suitable.

Conventional ECR glass (> 15% by weight CaO), E-glass (> 15% by weight CaO) and / or C-glass (> 10% by weight CaO), in particular, are thus differentiated as materials for the insulating element for components of the metal hot part insulation element according to the invention which are in direct contact with the metal hot part to be insulated. The aforementioned materials (e.g. as a layer, layer or filler material) are also ruled out for the metal hot-part insulating element if they are in direct or indirect contact (e.g. leaching through moisture) with the metal hot part or other heavy-metal-containing components of the metal hot-part insulating element.

Typical compositions of glasses are listed in Table 2 below:

Table 2: Typical compositions of glasses

In order to prevent or reduce the formation or release of heavy metal compounds that are harmful to health and the environment, in particular chromium compounds, more preferably chromium (VI) compounds, at high operating temperatures, the materials used for the insulation element contain sodium as the alkali metal and / or sodium compounds (in particular sodium oxide or sodium hydroxide) with a mass content of less than 5% by weight, preferably in the range from 0 to 4% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 0 to 3% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 0 to 2% by weight, 0 to 1.5% by weight, 0 to 1% by weight .-%, or 1 to 2 wt .-%.

From Fig. 1 it can be seen that it is particularly preferred that the materials defined herein that are used for the insulating element contain potassium as an alkali metal and / or potassium compounds (in particular potassium oxide or potassium hydroxide) with a mass content of less than 5 wt. %, preferably in the range from 0 to 4% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 0 to 3% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 0 to 2% by weight, 0 to 1.5% by weight , 0 to 1% by weight, or 1 to 2% by weight.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the materials that are used for the insulating element contain magnesium as the alkaline earth metal, magnesium ions and / or magnesium compounds (in particular magnesium oxide) with a mass content of less than 5% by weight, preferably in the range from 0 to 4% by weight. -%, particularly preferably in the range from 0 to 3% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 0 to 2% by weight, 0 to 1.5% by weight, 0 to 1% by weight, or 1 up to 2% by weight, which prevents or reduces the formation or release of heavy metal compounds that are harmful to health and the environment, in particular chromium compounds, more preferably chromium (VI) compounds at high operating temperatures.

However, the aforementioned materials, which have calcium, in particular alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and their compounds with a mass content of more than 5 wt Direct chemical reaction, in particular a reaction between alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and their compounds with a heavy metal or a heavy metal compound with the formation of heavy metal compounds that are harmful to health and the environment, as defined herein, counteract when used as intended, so that the formation of heavy metal compounds that are harmful to health and the environment, e.g. chromium Compounds, in particular chromium (VI) compounds, are prevented or reduced in such a way that the resulting concentration of these compounds does not result in any harmful or environmentally harmful substances that can be averted by suitable protective measures Take risks. This impregnation, coating and / or lamination thus has the effect, which is recognizably advantageous for the person skilled in the art, that the resulting, i.e. impregnated, coated and / or laminated materials mentioned above, which contain calcium, in particular alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and their compounds with a mass content of more than 5 wt. -% have, are gas-tight and / or water-tight. This means that no gaseous Heavy metal species, in particular gaseous chromium compounds in direct contact with the materials containing calcium, in particular alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and their compounds with a mass content of more than 5% by weight.

The impregnation, coating and / or lamination preferably has a layer thickness of 5 to 120 μm.

Suitable laminations include, for example, metal foils (e.g. aluminum foils, stainless steel foils, copper foils, titanium foils or others) or plastic foils (e.g. silicone foils, PTFE foils, polyimide foils, PVDF foils, polyamideimide foils, PEEK foils, PPS foils, PPSU foils, PES Films, PSU films, PEI films or others).

According to a preferred embodiment, the starting material, ie the materials containing calcium, in particular alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and their compounds with a mass content of more than 5% by weight, which are conventionally used for the production of hot-part insulation elements, have a layer of metals , preferably coated with vaporizable aluminum. Aluminum is particularly suitable because aluminum ensures excellent product protection, is easy to process and forms an ideal, preferably pore-free, barrier against external influences. Suitable functional impregnations and / or coatings are based, for example, on silica, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, silicon carbide or sheet silicate (e.g. vermiculite).

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the layered silicate is selected from the group of two-layer clay minerals (1: 1 layered silicates), in particular the layered silicates belonging to the kaolinite-serpentine group without any cell-damaging and / or carcinogenic effect, preferably kaolinite, serpentine, and three-layer Clay minerals (2: 1 layered silicates), in particular beidellite, montmorillonite, vermiculite, lllite, saponite, smectite, laponite (e.g. Laponite XLG, XLS or RD, RDS), montmorillonite, muscovite, nontronite, pyrophyllite, saponite, talc or hectorite.

The basic structure of the phyllosilicates has the following structural formula [SknOsn] ² ", where x = 1, 5 and n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 or 24

A _a B _b C _c D _d [(Sl0 ₄ -x)] n [AI0 ₃ ] m (OH) _z where

A = H, Li, NH ₄ , Na and / or K;

B = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Fe, Mn;

C = B, Al, Ga; D = Ti, Zr;

0 <x <2 and 0 <n <24 and 0 <m <4,

0 <a <4,

0 <b <4,

0 <c <4,

0 <d <4,

(a + b + c + d-z) = n (4-2x) + 3m;

It has been shown that the proportion of A is reduced as much as possible in order to minimize the proportion of Na and / or K. For this reason it is preferably 0 <a <2, very particularly preferably 0 <a <1, in particular 0 <a <0.5, ideally a = 0 (the person skilled in the art knows that the presence of traces and / or impurities of Na and / or K cannot be completely excluded).

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, A = H, Li and / or NH ₄ , so that the structural formula has no Na or K.

It has been shown that the proportion of A is reduced as much as possible in order to minimize the proportion of Ca and / or Mg. For this reason it is preferably 0 sbs 2, very particularly preferably 0 <b <1, in particular 0 <b <0.5, ideally b = 0 (the person skilled in the art knows that the presence of traces and / or impurities of Ca and / or Mg cannot be completely ruled out).

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, B = Sr, Ba, Zn, Fe, Mn, so that the structural formula does not contain any Mg or Ca.

It can also be provided that the materials containing calcium, in particular alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and their compounds with a mass content of more than 5% by weight, are pretreated in a chemical process in such a way that they do not contain any calcium, in particular no alkali metals, Alkaline earth metals and their compounds with a mass content of more than 5% by weight more. Special leaching processes and the like should be mentioned here, for example.

Nevertheless, the aforementioned materials, which contain calcium, in particular alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and their compounds with a mass content of more than 5% by weight, can also be used, for example, as heat-insulating filler materials in the form of loose fibers, powder, granules, insulating material or any other material technically useful as described herein Form of representation in a first inner layer (7) and / or in at least a second inner layer (8) are used, since in this case there is no direct contact between the metallic surface of the metal hot part to be insulated and these materials and / or if there is indirect contact ( e.g. leaching through moisture) to the hot metal part or other heavy metal-containing components of the hot metal part insulating element.

Fibers / filaments consisting of the materials S-glass, M-glass, Q-glass, D-glass, aluminoborosilicates, aluminosilicates, alumina fibers, silica fibers, carbon fibers, cellulose fibers, textile fibers (in particular natural fibers, synthetic fibers), textile-metallic fibers are particularly preferred made of metal (e.g. aluminum), metal alloys (e.g. steel wool), plastic-coated metal, metal-coated plastic or a core completely encased in metal, and plastic fibers such as para-aramid, meta-aramid, RBI, RBO , Polyimide, polypropylene, polyamide or polyester fibers which are used for the thermal insulation of hot metal parts at operating temperatures in the range from 20 ° C to 750 ° C, in particular in the range from 200 ° C to 750 ° C, very particularly preferably in the range from 400 ° C to 750 ° C are suitable. Aluminum-silicate wool or polycrystalline wool are also suitable as low-alkali metal or low-alkaline earth metal material. In addition, polyurethane / polyisocyanurate rigid foam (PUR / PIR), polystyrene particle foam (EPS) and extruder foam (XPS) as well as flexible elastomer foam (FEF) are particularly suitable as materials for insulation in the low temperature range from 20 ° C to 150 ° C.

Fibers of vegetable origin, fibers of animal origin or chemical fibers made from natural polymers are particularly suitable as natural fibers for textiles or textile fabrics. As fibers of plant origin, in particular, seed fibers such as cotton and kapok, etc., leaf fibers such as hemp, jute, ramie, flax (linen), etc., hard fibers such as sisal, etc. are used. In particular, fine animal hair, such as sheep's wool, alpaca wool, cashmere wool, angora wool, camel hair, etc., has proven to be of animal origin; coarse animal hair, such as horsehair, cattle hair, pig bristles and others, and silks such as mulberry silk, tussah silk and others. Man-made fibers made from natural polymers are in particular made from regenerated cellulose, such as viscose, rayon, modal, lyocell, cupro; from cellulose esters such as acetate, triacetate; Protein fibers such as casein fiber; Alginate; Chitin and bio-based polyamides.

Furthermore, synthetic fibers made from synthetic polymers, such as, for example, polyester (PES, PET, PTT, PBT) are suitable as synthetic fibers for textiles or textile fabrics. Polyamides (PA); Polyimide (PI); Polyamideimide (PAI); Aramids (AR), for example meta-aramid, para-aramid; Polyacrylics (PAN); Modacrylic (MAC); Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); Polyethylene (PE, UHMW-PE, HM-PE; HP-PE); Polypropylene (PP); Polychloride (CLF; PVC); Elastanes (EL, EA / ELAS, PUE); Polybenzoxazole (PBO); Polybenzimidazole (PBI); Polyurea; Melamines (MEL); Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS); Trivinyl; Elastolefin (EOL); Elastomultiester (ELE); Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA; PVAL); Vinylal (PVAL); Polycarbonate (PC); Polystyrene (PST, PS)

It goes without saying that the materials defined herein that can be used for the insulating element can also be used in combination within a layer or as a heat insulating filler material, for example loose or as hybrid materials.

The material that can be used for the insulation element can also be surface-modified, e.g. it can contain an organic size or another modification, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), hexamethyldisilazane or alkylsilanes.

A preferred fiber diameter is preferably in the range from 3 μm to 30 μm, particularly preferably 6 μm to 17 μm, very particularly preferably between 6 μm and 9 μm.

The fibers used are either limited in length (so-called staple fibers or cut fibers) or endless (filaments).

In addition, IR opacifiers, for example in the form of a powder, can be added to the materials that can be used for the insulation element. For this purpose, e.g. C, SiC, llmenite, zirconium silicate, iron oxide, T1O2, ZrC> 2, manganese oxide and iron titanate are possible.

Granules and powders, such as fumed silica, aerogels, silicone resins (eg polymethylsiloxanes or polyalkylphenylsiloxanes and their copolymers with alkyd, acrylic or polyester resins or polyethers), polyfluorocarbon compounds, acrylic resins, oligomeric siloxanes, organosilanes, silicates, are also suitable as heat-insulating filler materials with hydrophobic additives, siliconates, stearates, paraffins, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, wax esters, ceresins, bitumen, alkyd resins, acrylate copolymers (e.g. also organosilicon-acrylate copolymers), styrene copolymers (e.g. butadiene-styrene copolymers or carboxylated butadiene-styrene Copolymers),

Poly vinyl acetate, polyvinyl propionate, polystyrene acrylates, vinyl chloride copolymers, vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyl terpolymers, polyolefins, ethylene copolymers, propylene copolymers, thermoplastic polymers and polymer blends (e.g. made of polyethylene or polypropylene and ethylene / vinyl acetate or ethylene / acrylate copolymers, optionally silane-crosslinked to increase the softening temperature) and carbon. The materials that are used for the insulation element can be used individually or in combination. Layered silicates such as vermiculite (also in expanded form) are also suitable as heat-insulating filler materials in the form of granules and powders.

Metal hot part insulation element

In the context of the invention, the term "metal hot part insulation element" is to be understood as a thermal insulation for metal hot parts (as defined herein), which acts as heat protection against heat radiation (e.g. against components located in the vicinity) or heat loss to maintain the temperature in the system in the case of metal hot parts which are operated above ambient temperature, preferably at temperatures in the range from 20 ° C to 750 ° C, in particular in the range from 200 ° C to 750 ° C, very particularly preferably in the range from 400 ° C to 750 ° C.

The thickness of the metal hot-part insulating element according to the invention is in the range from 6 μm (for example foils) to 150 cm, 0.5 mm to 100 cm, preferably in the range from 1 to 90 cm, 1 to 80 cm, 1 to 70 cm, 1 to 60 cm , 1 to 50 cm, 1 to 40 cm, particularly preferably from 10 to 300 mm, 10-250 mm, 10 to 200 mm, 10 to 150 mm, very particularly preferably from 10 to 140 mm, up to 130 mm, up to 120 mm mm, up to 110 mm, up to 100 mm, up to 90 mm, up to 80 mm, up to 70 mm, up to 60 mm, up to 50 mm, up to 40 mm, up to 30 mm, up to 20 mm.

The hot metal part insulating element according to the invention is at least single-layer or single-layer, so that it comprises at least one so-called outer layer (2) which is designed as a contact surface for a hot metal part.

The insulating element according to the invention can also have multiple layers, preferably two, three, four, five or more layers or be multi-layered. Multi-layer insulation is insulation made up of several layers of the same material (including material mixtures), while multi-layer insulation is insulation made up of several layers, with at least two layers made of different materials (also material mixtures).

The selection of whether the hot metal insulating element according to the invention is single-layer / single-layer or multi-layer / multi-layer, the selection of the materials used and the determination of the thickness of the hot metal insulating element depend on the energy efficiency of the hot metal parts to be thermally insulated.

Form the basis for the determination of the insulation layer thickness, for example according to the guideline VDI 2055 Part 1, operational and economic requirements as well as legal requirements and ordinances of environmental protection, e.g. the Energy Saving Ordinance (EnEV). Operational requirements are, for example: compliance with a specified upper limit for heat flow density or total heat loss, compliance with a specified surface temperature to protect against burns and to reduce the risk of ignition as well as to avoid condensation and ice formation, limitation of the temperature change of a medium within a specified time for a dormant Medium, e.g. temperature drop in a container, or within a specified distance for a flowing medium, e.g. temperature drop in a pipe. From an economic point of view, capital expenditure and heat loss costs should result in a minimum for the insulation layer thickness to be determined; between capital expenditure for increasing energy efficiency and the costs caused by heat loss should be optimized.

According to a preferred embodiment, the hot metal insulating element (1) comprises at least one second outer layer (5) (also referred to herein as the upper outer layer) which (when the hot metal insulating element is used as intended) is arranged opposite the first outer layer (2), the second outer layer (5 ) Has calcium and calcium compounds (in particular calcium oxide) with a mass content of less than 5% by weight.

The second outer layer (5) or upper outer layer is also preferably low in alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal, i.e. the upper outer layer has less than 5% by weight of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or its compounds (in particular its oxides).

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the second outer layer (5) or upper outer layer (5) is free of alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals.

The individual plies or layers of the insulating element can be connected to one another using suitable joining techniques. For example, the layers or

Layers can be sewn, welded, quilted, glued, needled, stapled, bound or connected via other connection options. If necessary, a joining technique of the individual layers can be dispensed with, e.g. by suitable folding or folding, or a combination of the above-mentioned joining techniques is used.

The layers or layers of the insulating element according to the invention can also be connected to a single or multi-layer or single or multi-layer side wall (6) or a corresponding side part and thus give the hot metal insulating element a box-like or mattress-like shape. The side wall can, for example, as a separate side part, which is connected to the lower outer layer (2) and the upper outer layer (5) by suitable joining techniques described herein, or by so-called Darts of the lower outer layer (2) or the upper outer layer (5) are formed. Other forms of representation are also conceivable and are not described in more detail here. The side wall (6) together with the first outer layer (2) and the second outer layer (5) provide what is known as a sheathing of the metal hot-part insulating element, which spans a free space which can be filled by at least one first inner layer.

The first inner layer and further inner layers of the hot metal insulating element can be designed in any technically meaningful representation form described herein.

The first inner layer and further inner layers of the hot metal insulating element can, for example, be loosely filled or in the form of loose fibers, fleeces, mats, plates, felts, bundles, papers or cardboard, single or multilayered, or single or multilayered, preferably made of Low-calcium or calcium-free insulation materials, particularly preferably made of low-alkali or alkaline-earth metal or -free insulation materials, very particularly preferably made of silicate fiber. As asbestos-free and inorganic products, silicate fibers advantageously contain no toxic or irritating substances and, compared to biosoluble fibers, have an excellent temperature resistance of up to 1200 ° C. In this way, the silicate fiber can advantageously serve as an insulation material even in the event of a fire. The silicate fiber is preferably used as a loose fiber, paper, cardboard, container, preferably as a fleece, particularly preferably as a felt, very particularly preferably as a fiber mat as an insulating material.

The fineness, i.e. the average diameter of the preferably used silicate fiber as the insulating material of the metal hot-part insulating element is, for example, 4 to 17 μm, preferably 4 to 13 μm, particularly preferably 4 to 11 μm, very particularly preferably 6 to 9 μm. A fineness defined in this way advantageously avoids penetration into the lungs and mechanically triggered itching, which can otherwise occur when the elements are assembled.

The S1O2 proportion of the silicate fiber is typically between 85 and 99%, preferably between 90 and 99%, particularly preferably 92 and 99%, very particularly preferably between 94 and 98%. The remaining percentages are distributed among AI2O3 and others, whereby it is clear that the proportion of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and their compounds (in particular oxides with them) is limited by the ranges defined herein.

The fiber mat as an embodiment of the insulating material of the metal hot-part insulating element containing, for example, silicate fibers, which is produced, for example, by needling fibers and fiber materials (as defined herein) or as a stitch-bonded fabric of fiber materials (as herein defined), binders can contain up to 5% by weight, preferably up to 4%, particularly preferably up to 3%, up to 2%, up to 1%, very particularly preferably <1% or binder-free.

The fiber mat preferably comprises or consists of silicate fibers with a fiber length of 1 mm to 1000 mm, preferably from 1 to 500 mm, 1 to 400 mm, 1 to 300 mm, 1 to 200 mm, particularly preferably between 1 to 190 mm, 1 to 180 mm, 1 to 170 mm, 1 to 160 mm, 1 to 150 mm, 1 to 140 mm, 1 to 130 mm, 1 to 120 mm, very particularly preferably 1 to 110 mm, 1 to 100 mm, 1 to 90 mm , 1 to 80 mm, 1 to 70 mm, 1 to 60 mm, 1 to 50 mm, 1 to 40 mm, 1 to 30 mm, 1 to 20 mm, 1 to 10 mm. A limited fiber length defined in this way advantageously enables a loose layering of the fiber material, so that an improved thermal insulation property can be achieved through the insulating cavities obtained.

The thickness of the fiber mat as an embodiment of the hot metal insulating element is typically between 1 to 150 mm, preferably 1 to 140 mm, 1 to 130 mm, 1 to 120 mm, 1 to 110 mm, 1 to 100 mm, particularly preferably 3 to 90 mm, 3 to 80 mm, 3 to 70 mm, very particularly preferably 5 to 60 mm, 5 to 50 mm, 5 to 40 mm, 5 to 30 mm, 5 to

25 mm, 10 to 25 mm, 12.5 to 25 mm, 15 to 25 mm, 15 to 20 mm, 10 to 20 mm, 5 to 20 mm.

The density of the fiber mat as an embodiment of a silicate fiber of the insulating material of the metal hot-part insulating element is preferably between 50 and 500 kg / m ^3, preferably between 50 and 400 kg / m ³ , 50 and 300 kg / m ³ , particularly preferably between 50 and 290 kg / m 3 ³ , 50 and 280 kg / m ³ , 50 and 270 kg / m ³ , 60 and 260 kg / m ³ , 70 and 250 kg / m ³ , very particularly preferably between 80 and 240 kg / m ³ , 80 and 230 kg / m ³ , 80 and 220 kg / m ³ , 80 and 210 kg / m ³ , 90 and 200 kg / m ³ , 100 and 200 kg / m ³ , 110 and 190 kg / m ³ , 120 and 195 kg / m ³ , 130 and 180 kg / m ³ , 130 and 170 kg / m ³ , 130 and 160 kg / m ³ . A density defined in this way advantageously enables a low weight of the entire metal hot-part insulating element, which is an important criterion for applicability, especially when there is a large-area thermal insulation requirement for mechanically unstable hot elements such as drainage systems. The weight of the fiber mat inevitably results from the thickness of the fiber mat and its density.

The fiber mat, described herein as an embodiment of the insulating material of the metal hot-part insulating element, can, for example, be raw, without further pretreatment, preferably thermally desized, particularly preferably pre-shrunk Residual shrinkage <5%, <4%, <3%, <2%, <1%, very particularly preferably thermally desized and pre-shrunk, residual shrinkage <5%, <4%, <3%, <2%, <1% can be used .

The materials defined herein are suitable as materials that can be used for the side wall or the first and each further inner layer. As described above, one or more inner layers can be selected depending on requirements and the area of application.

According to a preferred embodiment, the single or multilayer or single or multilayer side wall (6) is low in calcium, very particularly preferably low in alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal, preferably free from alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal.

As already described above, the presence of moisture or water (e.g. rainwater, condensation, condensation and ice formation) can lead to increased leaching of heavy metal compounds or their precursors that are harmful to health and the environment. From this consideration it turns out to be particularly advantageous if the entire casing of the insulating element according to the invention consists of materials that contain alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and their oxides with a mass content of less than 5% by weight, ie low in alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals, very particularly is advantageously made free of alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal, so that all possible (outwardly directed) contact surfaces or points of the metal hot part insulating element that may come into contact with the metal surface of the metal hot part do not lead to the formation of toxic (severe -) contribute metal fumes and (heavy) metal dust.

According to a preferred embodiment, the outer layer consists of

Metal hot-part insulating element made from a metal mesh, in particular stainless steel mesh or a foil, in particular a metal foil, particularly preferably stainless steel foil. At least the hot metal insulating element is preferably encased with such a film. When using foils, the metal hot part insulation element is a "closed system" to the outside towards the metal hot part, so that direct contact between the metal hot part and the materials used for the insulation element is prevented.

A "closed system" is to be understood here as a chemical barrier, which is advantageous for the exchange of substances between the hot metal part and the insulating materials of the insulating element and the surrounding area, especially with the hot metal part, or at least the penetration of substances, preferably toxic heavy metal compounds or prevent precursors from it. This material barrier makes it possible, advantageously and especially compared to conventional porous insulation systems such as calcium silicates or ceramics (e.g. JP2011232021 A), that the exchange of substances, in particular moisture and / or by-products of the hot metal parts such as metallic derivatives, is prevented or at least minimized. In this way, on the one hand, the formation of heavy metal compounds that are harmful to health and the environment is counteracted or prevented and, at the same time, the corrosion of the hot part is reduced under the given ambient conditions of the metal hot part.

Corrosion is one of the central technical hurdles in large-scale industry. To this day, almost all insulation materials are degraded by corrosion in the medium or long term. With the hot metal insulating element according to the invention, a corrosion-protecting and flexible insulation is provided, the latter technically promoting the former. The synergy of corrosion protection and the flexibility of the metal hot-part insulation element results from the fact that the interaction of the corrosion-promoting influences of thermal (seasons, times of day, technical temperature fluctuations), actinic (cosmic radiation), mechanical (vibration, abrasion) or chemical (by-products of industry, moisture) , Gases) nature is advantageously canceled.

A “closed system” also advantageously allows a possible filling of the metal hot-part insulating element or other layers and / or layers in the first or second inner layer to be manufactured from insulating materials that are low in alkali metal and / or low-alkali metal. The hot side is preferably a stainless steel mesh, that is, slightly heat-permeable, which has a positive effect on the heat penetration “hot on insulation material, so that effective heat insulation is guaranteed. In order to prevent the direct heat transfer between hot and cold, it is advantageous if the cold side and side wall are not a fully metallic layer.

According to a preferred embodiment, the metal hot-part insulating element (1) has a casing, the casing comprising the following components, which are intended to delimit the insulating element from the environment:

- A first outer layer (2), which is designed as a direct contact surface for the metal hot part,

- A second outer layer (5) which is arranged opposite the first outer layer (2), and - Optionally at least one side wall (6) which connects the first outer layer (2) and the second outer layer (5) and thus gives the hot metal insulating element a box-like or mattress-like shape, the sheathing of the hot metal insulating element being made of materials including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and their compounds have a mass content of less than 5% by weight, ie are low in alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals, very particularly advantageously free of alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals.

It goes without saying that the individual components of the casing, namely the lower outer layer (2), the upper outer layer (5) and one or more side walls (6), each independently of one another, have one or more layers or one or more layers can be formed in multiple layers. The individual plies or layers can also be connected to one another by suitable abovementioned joining techniques.

In order to reduce or, at best, prevent damage to the hot metal insulating element due to vibration and / or relative movements of the insulating elements to one another or between the insulating elements and the hot metal element to be insulated, individual components of the hot metal insulating element, i.e. at least one outer layer (2, 5) or at least one side wall, are preferred (6) in whole or in part, particularly preferably the entire sheathing of the insulating element, very particularly preferably the entire metal hot-part insulating element in the form of scrims, bundles, fabrics,

Knitted, knitted, braided, fleece, felt, cardboard, paper, needle mats, stitch-knitted mats, mats, plates, solidified fibers or similar layers.

In addition, the metal hot part insulating element can be fully or partially reinforced with a woven, knitted, knitted or otherwise manufactured metallic sheet-like structure which absorbs the vibrations of the hot part to be insulated.

According to a preferred embodiment, the entire sheathing of the metal hot-part insulating element, ie the first outer layer (2), the second outer layer (5) and the at least one side wall (6), is a heat-insulating flat textile structure, plastic film, metal foil, plastic-coated metal, metal-coated plastic, or mixtures trained from it. A textile fabric is a scrim, bundle, fabric, knitted fabric, knitted fabric, braid, fleece, felt, cardboard, paper, needle mat, stitched knitted mat, mat, plate, solidified fibers or similar layers.

Foils, in particular metal foils, particularly preferably stainless steel foils (perforated or unperforated), or metallic fabrics can also be considered as materials for the sheathing of the metal hot-part insulating element.

It has proven to be advantageous that the sheathing of the metal hot-part insulating element is designed entirely or partially in the form of a metal foil or a metal sheet.

This structure is advantageous on the one hand if materials are used as the inner layer (7) or as a heat-insulating filler material, e.g. for cost reasons, that are not low in alkali metal or alkaline earth metal or free of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, so that they are shielded from direct contact with the hot metal part will.

Nevertheless, this structure is particularly preferred if the hot metal parts to be insulated are exposed to increased exposure to external moisture (e.g. rainwater, condensation and / or ice formation) or external mechanical loads.

In addition, this construction allows the metal hot part insulating element to be connected to the metal hot part (as defined herein), e.g. by welding, pressing, screwing, gluing, or other connection options.

According to a preferred embodiment, the hot metal insulating element can be completely or partially covered by a metallic jacket (9) in the form of a metal foil or a metal sheet (these are free of alkali and alkaline earth metals from the outset). It can also be provided here that the metallic jacket (9) is connected to the hot metal part (as defined herein), e.g. by welding, pressing, screwing, gluing, or other connection options.

The metallic jacket (9) in the form of a metal foil or a metal sheet can be designed in the form of a half or full shell.

In a preferred embodiment, the hot metal insulating element (1) comprises at least one first inner layer (7), the at least one first inner layer (7) in the form of a layer (ie one or more layers or one or more layers), as a heat insulating filler material or in any technically meaningful form described herein (i.e. for example in Form of loose fibers, powders, granules or insulating material as defined herein) is formed.

If the inner layer (7) is in the form of a layer, it can be configured as a flat textile structure, plastic film, metal foil (e.g. stainless steel foil), plastic-coated metal, metal-coated plastic, or mixtures thereof.

In one embodiment, the hot metal insulating element is a three- or multi-layer insulating element or insulation system, in the form of a single or multi-layer lower outer layer (2), a single or multi-layer upper outer layer (5), and a single or multi-layer inner layer (7). The presence of side walls (6) is not necessary in this structure.

Optional foils, which can be used, for example, as a cladding (ie as the layer delimiting the hot metal part as such and as a whole), for lamination of the insulation materials or any other component of the hot metal part according to the invention, are preferably made of polymers such as polyimide, polyaramid, polyamide, silicone , Polyether sulfones / polyester sulfones, polyphenylenes, polyaryl ethers, polyaryl esters, polyarylsulfones, particularly preferably metal foils, for example brass, tin, bronze, copper, nickel, Monell, titanium, aluminum, very particularly preferably stainless steel or inconel foils. These selected materials are known to those skilled in the art as high-performance thermal materials.

The film used typically has a thickness between 6 pm and 500 pm, preferably between 6 pm and 400 pm, 6 pm and 300 pm, 6 pm and 200 pm, 6 pm and 100 pm, particularly preferably between 6 pm and 90 pm and 6 pm 80 pm, 6 pm and 70 pm, 6 pm and 60 pm, very particularly preferably between 6 pm and 50 pm, 6 pm and 40 pm, 6 pm and 30 pm, 6 pm and 20 pm, 6 pm and 10 pm. The preferred thickness of the foils advantageously enables mechanical stability without impairing the flexibility of the metal hot-part insulating element according to the invention.

The weight, strength and elongation of the film used depends on the material used and its specific density and is therefore also defined.

The particularly preferred stainless steel or inconel foil consists of a stainless austenitic steel, particularly preferably of a high-temperature resistant austenitic stainless steel, very particularly preferably of the austenitic materials 1.4571, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4841, 1.4845, 1.4876, 1.4878, 1.4828, 1.4301,

1.4306, 1.4435, 1.4541, 1.4016.

The film can be smooth, perforated, embossed or dome in its design and advantageously enables the person skilled in the art to make an application-specific selection. The components of the metal hot-part insulating element can also be designed in the technically meaningful form of representation of fabrics, bundles and hybrid textiles. Fabrics, bundles, and hybrid textiles include, according to the invention, low or alkaline metal (earth) alkali metal-free fabrics, bundles, hybrid textiles, with or without wire reinforcement, with or without impregnation or with or without coating, also microporous metal foil, preferably silicate fabric, or a mixture of these.

The silicate fabric of the metal hot-part insulating element, preferably selected for fabric, bundles, and hybrid textiles, has, for example, a weight per unit area of 50 to 5000 g / m ² , preferably 100 to 3000 g / m ² , particularly preferably 300 to 2000 g / m ² , very particularly preferred from 600 to 1500 g / m ² , the preferred ranges advantageously contributing to the technical requirement of a low weight of the metal hot-part insulating element.

The thickness of the preferably used silicate fabric is generally preferably between 10 mm and 0.05 mm, preferably between 9 and 0.1 mm, 8 and 0.1 mm, 7 and 0.1 mm, 6 and 0.1 mm, 5 and 5 0.1 mm, particularly preferably between 4 and 0.15 mm, 3 and 0.15 mm, 2 and 0.15 mm, very particularly preferably between 1.9 and 0.2 mm, the thicknesses thus defined advantageously being high Allow stability and at the same time low weight of the silicate fabric.

The thread density of the preferred silicate fabric per thread system (warp or weft) is typically between 1 and 500 threads / 10 cm, preferably between 10 and 450 threads / 10 cm, particularly preferably between 20 and 400 threads / 10 cm, very particularly preferably between 30 and 10 cm 300 threads / 10 cm.

Any weave such as leno weave, mock leno weave, plain weave, twill weave, Panama weave, grosgrain weave, satin or satin weave, ripstop, double or multiple weave or derivatives of these weaves can be used as the weave (construction) of the silicate fabric. Particularly preferred canvas, panama, cross twill, twill, ripstop.

It goes without saying that each silicate fabric described herein has different strengths (between 50 N / 5 cm and 10,000 N / 5 cm) and elongations (between 0 and 25%) in warp and weft.

The fineness of the silicate fiber of the silicate fabric used as the preferred fabric, container and / or hybrid textile of the metal hot-part insulating element is 4 to 17 pm, preferably 4 to 13 pm, particularly preferably 4 to 11 pm, very particularly preferably 6 to 9 pm, the fineness thus defined being advantageous insulating To promote cavities without to sell harmful effects. In addition, the fineness has the advantage that there are no fragments <3 pm, which may be lung-accessible.

The S1O2 fraction of the preferably selected silicate fiber is, for example, between 85 and 99%, preferably between 90 and 99%, particularly preferably 92 and 99%, very particularly preferably between 94 and 98%. The remaining percentages are distributed among AI2O3 and others, whereby it is clear that the proportion of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and their compounds (in particular oxides with them) is limited by the ranges defined herein.

A preferred silicate fiber is in the form of staple fiber, filament, textured filament, roving or a mixture thereof.

The thread of the silicate fiber of the silicate fabric used as the preferred fabric, container and / or hybrid textile of the metal hot-part insulating element is made from the silicate fiber and is a single thread, preferably a twisted or multiple twisted thread, and can be designed without wire reinforcement, but preferably with wire reinforcement. The wire reinforcement in this case typically consists of 1 to 100 wires, which are present individually or as wire bundles, preferably from 1 to 90, 1 to 80, 1 to 70, 1 to 60, 1 to 50 wires, particularly preferably from 1 to 40, 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10 wires, very particularly preferably 1 to 9, 1 to 8, 1 to 7, 1 to 6, 1 to 5, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 1 to 2 wires, the Wire bundles described herein of the optional wire reinforcement act particularly advantageously for the structural stability of the silicate fiber.

The diameter of the wire of a wire reinforcement of a thread of a silicate fiber of the preferably used silicate fabric of the invention

Hot metal insulating element is, for example, between 1 mm and 0.01 mm, preferably between 0.9 mm and 0.01 mm, 0.8 mm and 0.01 mm, 0.7 mm and 0.01 mm, 0.6 mm and 0, 01 mm, 0.5 mm and 0.01 mm, particularly preferably between 0.4 mm and 0.05 mm, 0.3 mm and 0.05 mm, 0.2 mm and 0.05 mm, very particularly preferably between 0.19 mm and 0.1 mm, 0.18 mm and 0.1 mm, 0.17 mm and 0.1 mm, 0.16 mm and 0.1 mm, 0.15 mm and 0.1 mm, 0.14 mm and 0.1 mm, 0.13 mm and 0.1 mm, 0.12 mm and 0.1 mm, 0.11 mm and 0.1 mm, the diameter of the wire defined herein being the most suitable stability Silicate fibers serve without showing any particulate and thus potentially harmful properties.

All metals and their alloys such as brass, tin, bronze, copper, nickel, Monell, titanium, aluminum, raw iron, galvanized iron, inconel, Steel, duplex steel, stainless steel, martensitic steels, ferritic steels, Austenitic steels. Preferably from a stainless austenitic steel, particularly preferably from a high temperature resistant, austenitic, stainless steel, very particularly preferably from the materials 1.4571, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4841, 1.4845, 1.4876, 1.4878, 1.4828, 1.4301, 1.4306.

The yarns used for the silicate fabric of the hot metal insulating element according to the invention generally preferably have a fineness of 11 tex (tex = g / 1000 m) to 3000 tex, preferably from 34 tex to 2700 tex, particularly preferably 68 tex to 2500 tex, very particularly preferred from 140 tex to 2000 tex.

The silicate fabric used is either provided without wire reinforcement, preferably with wire reinforcement in warp or weft, very particularly preferably with wire reinforcement in warp and weft, it being possible to advantageously modify the stability of the silicate fabric.

A wire reinforcement of the silicate fabric of the metal hot part insulating element according to the invention is achieved either by a wire-reinforced yarn as described herein or by weaving in wires as described herein. The wire reinforcement takes place in warp or weft, preferably in both thread systems. It typically takes place in each individual thread or as each individual thread or at a distance of up to 100 consecutive threads. Preferably at a distance of 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10, particularly preferably at a distance of 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, very particularly preferably at a distance of 4, 3, 2, 1 threads, whereby the density of the silicate fabric can be modified advantageously by the preferred spacing of the individual threads.

The silicate fabric of the invention described herein

Hot metal part insulating element is both raw, preferably thermally desized, particularly preferably pre-shrunk, very particularly preferably thermally desized and used pre-shrunk.

The selected silicate fabric can be provided with impregnation, e.g. based on polyacrylate, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane, silicone or a vermiculite dispersion in the respective appearance, e.g. to improve the customization. Impregnation is less preferred, as decomposition products which are harmful or hazardous to health may arise during the first heating and may evaporate.

The silicate fabric used in the hot metal insulation element according to the invention can, for example, be provided with coatings on one or both sides, e.g. based on polyacrylate, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane, silicone or a vermiculite dispersion, to improve the ability to be assembled or to protect against abrasion caused by vibration, However, it is preferred not to use this, since decomposition products which are harmful or hazardous to health may arise during the first heating and may evaporate.

The silicate fabric used in the hot metal insulating element according to the invention can also be designed with a smooth, embossed (e.g. coarse grain embossing), perforated or dome foil, such as an aluminum foil, titanium foil, stainless steel foil or other temperature-resistant foil as vibration or trickle protection, with one or both sides being laminated can. It is preferred, however, not to do this, since during the first heating-up, decomposition products of the laminating adhesive used, e.g. based on polyacrylate, may be harmful or hazardous to health.

Poly vinyl acetate, polyurethane, silicone are formed and can evaporate. Alternatively, a film described herein is connected to the silicate fabric on one or both sides, e.g. by sewing.

Of the optional layers or layers described herein, at least one must be present as a so-called lower layer. If two or more different or identical layers or layers are present, they can occur in any sequence, but preferably as in the sequence of the description.

If the metal hot-part insulating element has an optional so-called web, then at least one of the optional layers or layers described herein must be designed as this. Are two or more different or the same layers or

If layers are present, they can occur in any sequence, but preferably as in the sequence of the description. The selection, the number and the sequence of the individual layers or layers of the web can differ from those of the lower layer, but are preferably identical with the selection, number and sequence.

Of the optional layers or layers described herein, at least one must be present as a so-called upper outer layer. If two or more different or identical layers or layers are present, they can occur in any sequence, but preferably as in the sequence of the description. The selection, the number and the sequence of the individual layers or plies of the upper outer layer can differ from those of the lower layer or the web, but are preferably identical with the selection, number and sequence. To protect against external environmental influences, such as oil, water or pollution, the upper outer layer of a single-layer insulation element and / or a multi-layer and / or multi-layer insulation system should either consist of a film as described herein, or one of the fabrics described here, whereby this is then preferably provided with an impregnation and / or coating and / or lamination or foil described herein.

Each component of the insulation element according to the invention can optionally be provided with functional finishes, coatings, impregnations and / or laminations (in particular with metal foils) and can contain and / or be made from metal fibers, strands, wires or filaments. The functional finishes with which each of the components of the insulation element according to the invention can be provided also include coatings, impregnations and / or laminations, in particular functional impregnations, for example based on silica; Aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, silicon carbide, phyllosilicates (e.g. vermiculite) and / or coatings based on the aforementioned materials and / or laminations, for example with metal foils (e.g. aluminum foils, stainless steel foils, copper foils, titanium foils) or plastic foils (e.g. silicone foils, PTFE foils, polyimide foils, PVDF films, polyamideimide films, PEEK films; PPS films, PPSU films, PES films, PSU films, PEI films).

According to the invention, the separable metal hot-part insulating element is designed as an independent functional element, which as such can be easily and individually assembled and / or easily separated from the hot element. As such, the product can advantageously be manufactured independently of the element to be insulated, manually and / or semi-automatically or individually adaptable (“offset”).

In order to easily adapt the separable metal hot part insulating element (e.g. during installation) to the shape of the hot device, it is designed as a textile or partially metallic metal hot part insulating element, preferably the metal hot part insulating element is constructed in such a way that its shape is upholstered to the contour of the hot device in a manner equal to the thickness of the entire metal hot part insulating element Shape corresponds to (offset). This results in a particular suitability for applications on hot metal parts with sub-units of different usage times, since the relevant offset parts of the hot part insulating element can be exchanged independently of one another. The The subject of the invention is a solution for the cost-effective renovation and / or retrofitting of individual hot-part insulating element parts.

In addition, the use of textile or partially metallic, separable metal hot-part insulating elements has proven to be particularly advantageous if these are inherently low in alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal. The textile or partially metallic hot metal insulating elements are particularly preferably free of alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal from the outset.

In a preferred embodiment, all components, ie the insulation element casing, including outer layers (2, 5) and possibly side walls (6) as well as the inner layers (7, 8) or the insulation element filling of the hot metal insulating element, consist of materials containing alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and their compounds (in particular oxides therewith) with a mass content of less than 5% by weight. This means that all components consist at least of materials that are low in alkali metals and / or low in alkaline earth metals, ideally made of alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal-free materials. This structure proves to be particularly advantageous if permeable materials, such as, for example, scrims, bundles, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, braids, nonwovens, felts, solidified fibers or the like are used for the sheathing of the hot metal insulating element and / or the hot metal parts to be insulated are used are exposed to increased exposure to external moisture (e.g. rainwater, condensation and ice formation) and thus leaching of the conventional materials described herein is to be expected.

In addition, this structure is advantageous if the metal hot part insulation element is used for the thermal insulation of metal hot parts that radiate heat to such an extent that even the outside temperature of the "cold side" of individual insulation elements of an insulation system may still be in a temperature window where it may even be on the surface Chromium (VI) can still arise on the cold side. This often occurs with multilayer insulation systems, for example with turbine insulation.

According to a preferred embodiment, the sheathing of the separable hot metal insulating element consists of a foil, in particular a metal foil, particularly preferably a stainless steel foil. At least the hot metal insulating element is preferably encased with such a film. In both cases, the hot metal insulation element is a "closed system" from the outside, so that, for example, moisture can penetrate into the hot metal insulation element and a Penetration to the metallic surface of the metal hot-part insulating element and the associated leaching of (earth) alkali metals and their compounds from the materials is prevented. This advantageously allows a possible filling of the metal hot-part insulating element or other layers and / or layers in the first or second inner layer to be made from materials that are low in alkali metals and / or low in alkaline earth metals, as defined herein.

This prevents the direct release of heavy metal compounds that are harmful to the environment and / or health into the environment, since there is no direct contact between the metallic surface of the hot metal insulating element and a calcium-containing, in particular (earth) alkali-metal-containing layer. Under these circumstances, heavy metal compounds can only form inside the hot metal insulating element, for example on an inner contact surface of the lower / upper outer layer to the first and / or second inner layer (insulating material), the release of heavy metal compounds into the environment by the manner in which the sheathing is designed, namely as a “closed system” (for example as a foil or metal foil), is prevented, the sheathing acting as a barrier. However, it can happen that a metal hot-part insulation element with this structure has to be disposed of as hazardous waste.

Alternatively, it can be provided that the lower outer layer (2), which is designed as a direct contact layer for a hot metal part to be insulated, or the lower outer side (3) or the hot metal part itself, has a nubby or essentially corrugated transversely or obliquely to the longitudinal axis or grooved surface (surface with elevations). Knobs can be used, for example, in the form of pyramids, truncated pyramids, truncated cones, endless wedges and / or hemispheres.

It was found that a corresponding design of the surface of the lower outer layer (2) or the metal hot part itself, as a spacer between the surface of the metal hot part to be insulated (e.g. made of steel) and the metal hot part insulating element, in particular components of this insulating element, which do not consist low-calcium or (earth) alkali metal-poor materials can function. The cavity created by the additionally gained distance advantageously favors the insulating effect of the outer layer.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the lower outer layer (2) itself is designed as a layer consisting of knobs, as defined above (see FIG. 13). In both cases, the distance between the knobs or elevations of the surface is in the range from 100 μm to 2 cm and the height of the elevations which are spaced apart from one another in the range from 100 μm to 2 cm.

The knobs or elevations of the surface can have a coating of aluminum oxide, which in turn can be coated with noble metals, in particular platinum, rhodium, palladium or nanoparticles.

Individual components or all components of the separable hot metal insulating element can also be connected to one another by connecting elements (10a) and thus fixed to one another.

It can be provided that the metal hot-part insulating element contains longitudinal or transverse seams, quilting seams or quilting in order to advantageously ensure the shape and dimensional stability (no slipping / shifting of the components (layers) with respect to one another) and thus a precisely fitting assembly.

Alternative connecting elements (10a) for connecting the individual components or all components of the metal hot-part insulating element to one another are, for example, clips, hooks, cords, straps, wires or similar suitable connecting elements.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the structure of the hot metal insulation element is from hot to cold when the hot metal insulation element is used as intended: a stainless steel wire mesh, or a metal foil (perforated, non-perforated) and / or a fabric that is free or low in (earth) alkali metal (Hot side), an inner layer (7) or a heat-insulating filler material that is free or low in (earth) alkali metal, and a stainless steel wire mesh (preferably coated to be oil- and water-repellent), or a metal foil (perforated or non-perforated) and / or a fabric (preferably with an oil- and water-repellent coating) which is free or low in (earth) alkali metals (cold side).

The separable hot metal insulating element according to the invention can be in the form of an insulating mattress, insulating cushion, insulating mat, insulating sleeve, insulating molded part, insulating element, insulating hood, insulating blanket, glass fabric molded mat, insulating cassette, hardcover element or the like. Insulation elements are often in use for many years. The insulation elements are under constant load day after day. Temperature changes, possibly moisture, vibrations and leaks - all of this has to be withstood by an insulating element.

Therefore, the hot metal insulating element according to the invention can contain an optional knitted wire mesh which has a certain mesh size. The mesh size is, for example, from 50 x 50 mm to 0.5 x 0.5 mm, preferably 45 x 45 mm, 40 x 40 mm, 35 x 35 mm, 30 x 30 mm, 25 x 25 mm, 20 x 20 mm, 15 x 15 mm, 10 x 10 mm, particularly preferably 9 x 9 mm, 8 x 8 mm, 7 x 7 mm, 6 x 6 mm, 5 x 5 mm, 4 x 4 mm, 3 x 3 mm, 2 x 2 mm, 1 x 1 mm, 0.5 x 0.5 mm, very particularly preferably 7.4 x 8 mm, 7 x 9 mm. A mesh size defined in this way enables vibrations to be effectively reduced, so that mechanical abrasion of the metal hot-part insulating element, in particular over a long service life of the subject matter of the invention, can be minimized.

Manufactured from a wire of the knitted wire, for example with a diameter of 6 mm to 0.01 mm, preferably 5.5 mm, 5.0 mm, 4.5 mm, 4.0 mm, 3.5 mm, 3.0 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.0 mm, particularly preferably 0.5 mm, 0.45 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.35 mm,

0.3 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.05 mm, 0.01 mm, very particularly preferably 0.29 mm, 0.28 mm, 0.27 mm , 0.26mm, 0.25mm, 0.24mm, 0.23mm, 0.22mm, 0.21mm.

A diameter of the wire of a knitted wire fabric defined in this way is advantageously guaranteed to have a high mechanical stability, which is required, for example, particularly in the case of engine-generator applications or hot exhaust parts.

All metals and their alloys, such as brass, tin, bronze, copper, nickel, Monell, titanium, aluminum, raw iron, galvanized iron, inconel, steel, duplex steel, stainless steel, martensitic steels, ferritic steels, are typically used as the material for the wire of the wire mesh Steels, austenitic steels. Preferably from a stainless austenitic steel, particularly preferably from a high-temperature resistant austenitic stainless steel, very particularly preferably from the materials 1.4571, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4841, 1.4845, 1.4876, 1.4878, 1.4828, 1.4301, 1.4306 completely or partially with the actual lower Outer layer connected, possibly also partially or completely in the web area, to prevent or reduce mechanical abrasion caused by vibration.

In one embodiment, the metal hot-part insulating element according to the invention comprises an optional wire mesh / screen mesh / wire mesh, which has a mesh size of 50.0 mm to 0.01 mm, preferably 45 mm, 40 mm, 35 mm, 30 mm, 25 mm, 20 mm, 15 mm , 10 mm, particularly preferably 9 mm, 8 mm, 7 mm, 6 mm, 5 mm, 4 mm, 3 mm, 2 mm, 1 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.1 mm, very particularly preferably 0.09 mm, 0.08 mm, 0.07 mm, 0.06 mm, 0.05 mm, 0.04 mm, 0.03 mm, 0.02 mm, 0.01 mm. A mesh size of the wire mesh / sieve mesh / wire mesh defined in this way enables, on the one hand, a reduction in vibrations and thus mechanical abrasion of the metal hot-part insulating element, as described above, and, on the other hand, loosening of loosely filled fibers, so that fiber accumulations and the associated reduced thermal insulation effect can be counteracted prematurely .

The optional wire mesh / screen mesh / wire mesh can consist of a wire with a diameter of (d) from 6 mm to 0.01 mm, preferably 5.5 mm, 5.0 mm, 4.5 mm, 4.0 mm, 3.5 mm, 3.0 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.1 mm, particularly preferably 0.09 mm, 0.08 mm, 0, 07 mm, 0.06 mm, 0.05 mm, very particularly preferably 0.045 mm, 0.04 mm, 0.035 mm, 0.030 mm, 0.020 mm, 0.015 mm, 0.010 mm. A so defined diameter of the wire of a

Wire mesh / sieve mesh / wire mesh guarantees advantageous technical effects as described above for knitted wire mesh.

All metals and their alloys such as brass, tin, bronze, copper, nickel, Monell, titanium, aluminum, raw iron, galvanized iron, inconel, steel, duplex steel, stainless steel, martensitic steels, ferritic steels, austenitic steels are used as the material for the wire Steels. Preferably from a stainless austenitic steel, particularly preferably from a high-temperature resistant austenitic stainless steel, very particularly preferably from the materials 1.4571, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4841, 1.4845, 1.4876, 1.4878, 1.4828, 1.4301, 1.4306 completely or partially with the actual lower outer layer connected, possibly also partially or completely in the web area, to prevent or reduce mechanical abrasion caused by vibration and, depending on the mesh size, to prevent fibers or dust from escaping from the subsequent layer.

The fineness (mesh = number of stitches per inch) of the

Wire mesh / sieve mesh / wire mesh is, for example, between 0.45 mesh and 1270 mesh, preferably between 0.5 mesh and 2.51 mesh, particularly preferably between 1.69 mesh and 230 mesh, particularly preferably 2.79 mesh and 169 mesh, whole particularly preferably between 188 mesh and 1270 mesh. From an economic point of view, the application-oriented fineness should be selected in such a way that the material costs and weight of the wire mesh / sieve mesh / wire mesh result in a minimum.

The weave (construction) of the wire mesh / screen mesh / wire mesh can typically be any fabric weave such as plain weave, twill weave, Panama weave, rep weave, satin or satin weave, weft, ripstop, leno weave, Mock leno weave, double or multiple weave or derivatives of these weaves can be used. Particularly preferred canvas, twill, weft, ripstop, as these show the most hasty properties under high thermal loads.

The present invention therefore also comprises a separable metal hot-part insulating element system which comprises at least two metal hot-part insulating elements that are optionally connected below or with one another, as defined herein. It is also possible to provide hot metal insulation elements as defined herein (ie the first outer layer (2) consists of materials containing alkali metals or alkaline earth metals and their compounds, but at least calcium and calcium compounds (in particular calcium oxide) with a mass content of less than 5% by weight have) and conventional insulation elements to combine to form a complete system. As a result, an overall system can advantageously be designed, on the one hand, to ensure that the overall system is easy to assemble and to minimize heat transfer at the joints of the individual hot metal insulation elements, especially the lower hot metal insulation elements (arranged towards the hot metal part) by offset. At the same time, this enables better shape adaptation to the hot metal part to be insulated. The size of the metal hot-part insulation elements is to be selected so that quick assembly and disassembly is possible. During maintenance and repair work, small units can thus advantageously be repaired or replaced if necessary.

Regardless of an advantageous offset of the individual hot metal insulation elements of an overall system, such an overall system enables better shape adaptation as a whole, since especially the lower hot metal insulation element (arranged towards the metal hot part) of the overall system can be positively connected to the metal hot part. A possibly reduced thermal insulation at any resulting crumple zones of the metal hot part insulating element positively connected to the metal hot part is advantageously canceled by thermal insulation of the metal hot part insulating elements of the overall system that are arranged away from the metal hot part.

A metal hot part insulating element of such an overall system, which is arranged towards the metal hot part, is preferably parceled and positively attached over the individual technical parts of the metal hot part and covered over the entire area by the further metal hot part insulating element, which is arranged away from the metal hot part. In this way, quick assembly and disassembly is advantageously possible, since small units can advantageously be repaired or replaced during maintenance and repair work, so that time and material are saved The individual metal hot-part insulating elements can be connected by connecting elements (10b), such as clips, hooks, springs, buckles, lugs, eyes, clamps, eye bolts, cap locks, loops, belts, tapes, cords, cords, straps, lashing eyes, Velcro connections, overlaps, wires or similar connecting elements, which are suitable for connecting two or more insulation elements or insulation systems below and / or with one another, to form a metal hot-part insulation element system. At the same time, the heat transfer in joints, crevices, joints, etc. is minimized or, at best, prevented.

Alternatively or in addition to this, the individual hot metal insulating elements of the hot metal insulating element system can be sewn, welded, stapled, quilted, glued, needled, bound or connected in some other way.

A particular advantage in providing the metal hot part insulation system, in which at least two metal hot part insulation elements are beneath or connected to one another, is in particular that this creates an insulation system that is sealed against external environmental influences, which prevents or at least minimizes the penetration of moisture.

In a preferred embodiment, the metal hot part insulation element system comprises at least the metal hot part insulation element, as defined herein, as well as the heat-insulating metal hot part, at least one metal hot part insulation element of the metal hot part insulation element system being at least partially separable connected to the metal hot part via a contact side. The metal hot part is preferably an internal combustion engine (such as an engine of motor vehicles, commercial vehicles, construction machinery, rail vehicles or ship engines), an engine hot part, a component of exhaust systems such as diesel particle filters, turbo-chargers, catalytic converters, silencers, SCR systems and their associated components, as well as a gas and steam turbine, a generator, a block-type thermal power station and similar units, as well as supply and discharge lines belonging to all of the aforementioned systems.

In addition, the present invention comprises a metal hot part insulation element cassette, wherein a metal hot part insulation element (1), as defined herein, or a metal hot part insulation element system, as defined herein, is placed in a prefabricated cassette shape (13) or is fastened in this, so that this is in the direction of the metal hot part to be insulated forms a closed insulation system and can then be attached as a whole to or on the hot metal part to be insulated. The metal hot part insulating element cassette describes a preferred embodiment of the invention, which is used only and advantageously for fastening, but not for an insulating effect. The metal hot part insulating element cassette can be designed, for example, as a separable metallic jacket for attaching the metal hot part insulating element.

In the prior art, an outer steel jacket of similar products is included as an essential feature, which has significant load-bearing, corrosion-resistant and shape-stabilizing functions for the entire product, for example designed as an outer layer. The object according to the invention, on the other hand, is designed without a steel jacket, with metallic elements as exemplary embodiments being able to be of great technical advantage.

Two or more of these cassettes can be connected to one another using suitable connection methods or joining techniques.

The present invention also provides a method for thermal insulation of hot metal parts while reducing the formation of heavy metal compounds that are harmful to the environment and / or health during operation of hot metal parts, a hot metal part (12) being encased with the hot metal part insulating element according to one of the preceding claims.

A further aspect of the invention relates to the use of the metal hot part insulating element (1) defined herein, the metal hot part insulating element system defined herein or the metal hot part insulating element cassette defined herein as thermal insulation, sound insulation and / or heat protection of hot metal parts (12), in particular internal combustion engines (such as, for example, motors of motor vehicles, Commercial vehicles, construction machinery, rail vehicles and ship engines), hot engine parts, components of exhaust systems such as diesel particle filters, turbochargers, catalytic converters, silencers, SCR systems and their associated components, as well as gas and steam turbines, generators, combined heat and power units and similar units, as well as all of the above mentioned systems belonging supply and discharge lines in a temperature range from 20 ° C to 750 ° C, in particular in the range from 70 ° C to 750 ° C, particularly preferably in the range from 200 ° C to 750 ° C, very particularly preferably in the range of 400 ° C to 750 ° C, esp each of them up to 700 ° C, 650 ° C, very particularly preferably up to 600 ° C. For this purpose, it can be provided that the separable metal hot-part insulating element according to the invention is used in a narrow metal cladding.

According to a preferred embodiment, the metal hot part insulating element is used specifically for insulating hot metal parts or, together with these, forms a metal hot part insulating element system as defined herein, which is operated in a temperature range of 80 to 120.degree. This includes in particular engines (e.g. gasoline engines, diesel engines), as well as all associated feed and discharge lines. In everyday operation, these metal hot parts are mostly exposed to different weather conditions in which moisture or water (e.g. rainwater, condensation and ice formation) has an effect. Under these conditions, on contact with materials containing alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, heavy metal compounds which are harmful to the environment and / or health are increasingly formed (see FIG. 1).

It is therefore particularly useful to insulate exhaust gas catalytic converters and exhaust gas ducts, such as, for example, exhausts for exhaust gases from Otto or diesel engines, which are made of steels containing heavy metal additives, with the hot metal insulating element according to the invention. In gasoline engines, exhaust gases reach temperatures in the range of approx. 800 ° C (idling) to approx. 900 ° C (full load). In contrast, exhaust gas temperatures in the range from approx. 250 ° C. (idling) to approx. 650 ° C., preferably up to approx. 500 ° C. (full load), are achieved with diesel engines. Catalytic converters for motor vehicles are operated at operating temperatures in the range from 400 ° C to 900 ° C.

According to a preferred embodiment, the separable hot metal insulating element is used specifically for insulating turbines and their components. These are made of steel, with the wall temperature of a turbine in the range of 400 ° C to 800 ° C during operation. Under these conditions, on contact with materials containing alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, heavy metal compounds which are harmful to the environment and / or health are increasingly formed (see FIG. 1).

In a further preferred embodiment, the separable metal hot part insulating element is specifically used to insulate heat engines, such as for Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems in the temperature range from 110 ° C to 550 ° C or in steam processes at temperatures of more than 150 ° C used to prevent unwanted heat loss. Working examples

The present invention is explained in more detail with the aid of the following figures and exemplary embodiments, without restricting the invention to them.

It shows

Fig. 1: Formation of chromium (VI) as a function of the heating temperature in the presence of NaOH, KOH, CaO or MgO or in the absence of alkali metal / alkaline earth metal compounds and the exclusive presence of O2.

Fig. 2: the schematic structure of an insulating element (1) according to the invention in

Pillow shape, with a lower outer layer (2), an upper outer layer (5) and a first inner layer (7).

3: the schematic structure of the lower or upper three-dimensional outer layer (2, 5) with the lower outside (hot side) (3) and the upper outside (cold side) (4).

4: the schematic structure of an insulating element (1) according to the invention in the form of a mattress with the side wall (6) and a first inner layer (7).

Fig. 5: the schematic structure of an insulating element (1) according to the invention in

Mattress shape with multi-layer filling. With a first inner layer (7) and at least a second or further inner layer (8).

Fig. 6: The schematic structure of an insulating element (1) according to the invention which is partially additionally provided with a wire jacket (9) as a vibration-protecting layer on at least one of the outer layers and / or the web, at best the entire insulating element or insulating system.

7 shows the schematic structure of an insulating element (1) according to the invention in the form of a cushion, which has fastening elements (11) on the lower outer layer (2) for attachment to a hot metal part (12).

8: 8 (A), 8 (B) and 8 (C) the schematic structure of an insulating element (1) according to the invention in the form of a mattress, which is additionally provided with suitable connecting elements (10b) on at least one of the outer layers and / or the side wall or is fixed and / or in which individual or all layers are connected with suitable connecting elements (10a) (for example transverse seams).

Furthermore, the overlapping flap (15) or a partial cassette (13) is shown schematically. Fig. 9: the schematic structure of an insulating element (1) according to the invention, which is placed in a prefabricated cassette shape (13) or fastened in this and is then attached to the hot metal part to be isolated and thus forms a partially or fully closed insulation system.

10: the schematic structure of a separable metal hot-part insulating element system, in which several layers of the insulating elements (1), in pillow and / or mattress form (cf. FIGS. 2, 4, 5) form an overall system, the lower layer of hot metal insulating elements (1) is designed according to the invention. Further layers are particularly advantageously also made up of hot metal insulating elements (1) according to the invention, but can optionally also consist of conventional insulating elements.

11: a sectional view of a separable metal hot part insulating element (1) that is arranged around a metal hot part (12) (for example a turbocharger) for thermal insulation.

12: the schematic structure of an insulating element (1) according to the invention, which is additionally completely or partially covered with a metallic jacket (9). Here the representation of a half-shell is sketched.

13: the surface of a lower outer layer (2), which is designed with elevations / spacers in the form of knobs: in the form of hemispheres (FIG. 13A), endless wedges and pyramids (FIG. 13B) as well as truncated pyramids and / or truncated cones (Figure 13C).

The overall with (1) designated insulating element in the form of a cushion of Fig. 2 has a lower outer layer (2), also called the hot side, an upper outer layer (5), also called the cold side, and at least one first inner layer (7), also called Insulating material referred to.

For the application temperatures of the metal hot part or the separable metal hot part insulating element listed here, the following structure in the form of a cushion has proven particularly useful:

Execution 1 - all poor or free

Optional: knitted wire, completely or partially connected to the actual lower outer layer, if necessary also partially or completely in the web area, to prevent or reduce mechanical abrasion caused by vibration. Lower outer layer: fabric with or without (earth) alkali metals, containers,

Hybrid textile, with or without wire reinforcement, with or without impregnation or with or without coating, also microporous metal foil, preferably stainless steel mesh or silicate mesh, also as a mixture of these

Inner layer (insulation): (earth) alkali metal-free or low-alkali metal insulation material, as loose fibers, fleece, mat, felt, bundle, paper or cardboard, one or more layers, or one or more layers, preferably silicate fiber mat or other (earth) Low-alkali metal or -free insulation materials

Upper outer layer: (earth) alkali metal low or free fabric, container,

Hybrid textile, with or without wire reinforcement, with or without impregnation or with or without coating, also microporous metal foil, preferably stainless steel mesh or silicate mesh, also as a mixture of these, particularly preferably equipped with an oil- and water-repellent

Coating / lamination / lamination / foiling that is low in or free of (earth) alkali metals and has oil or water-repellent properties.

Version 2 - hot side poor or free / filling combination / cold side poor or free

Depending on the application temperature and conditions of use of the hot metal part or the separable hot metal part insulating element, the following structure, for example, can be selected while ensuring the prevention or reduction of the formation of compounds containing heavy metals and / or the environment:

Optional: knitted wire, completely or partially with the actual lower one

Outer layer connected, possibly also partially or completely in the web area, to prevent or reduce mechanical abrasion caused by vibration.

Lower outer layer: fabric with or without (earth) alkali metals, containers,

Hybrid textile, with or without wire reinforcement, with or without impregnation or with or without coating, also microporous metal foil, preferably stainless steel mesh or silicate mesh, also as a mixture of these Inner layer (insulation): on the hot side (facing the lower outer layer) (earth) low-alkali metal or -free insulation material, e.g. as loose fibers, fleece, mat, felt, bundles, paper or cardboard, one or more layers or one or more layers , preferably silicate fiber mat, combined with one or more layers or one or more layers of insulating materials in any technically meaningful form of representation described herein, which are not low or free of (earth) alkali metal, facing the upper outer layer.

Upper outer layer: (earth) alkali metal low or free fabric, container,

Coating / lamination / lamination / foiling, which is at best low or free of (earth) alkali metal and has oil or water-repellent properties.

Version 3 - hot side poor or free / filling combination / cold side not poor or free

As a further structure, depending on the application temperature and conditions of use of the hot metal part or the separable hot metal part insulating element, the following structure, for example, can be selected while ensuring the prevention or reduction of the formation of compounds containing heavy metals and / or environmentally hazardous:

Optional: knitted wire, completely or partially with the actual lower one

Lower outer layer: fabric with or without (earth) alkali metals, containers,

Inner layer (insulation): on the hot side (facing the lower outer layer) (earth-

) Low-alkali metal or -free insulation material, e.g. as loose fibers, fleece, mat, felt, bundles, paper or cardboard, single or multi-layer or one or more layers, preferably silicate fiber mat, combined with one or more layers or one or more layers of insulating materials in any technically meaningful representation described herein that are not low in or free of (earth) alkali metal, facing the upper outer layer.

Upper outer layer: a non (earth) alkali metal-free or low-alkali metal fabric, container, hybrid textile, with or without wire reinforcement, with or without impregnation or with or without coating, also microporous metal foil, preferably stainless steel mesh or silicate mesh, also as a mixture of these, especially preferably equipped with an oil and water repellent

Version 4 - hot side poor or free / filling not poor or free / cold side not poor or free

Optional: knitted wire, completely or partially with the actual lower one

Lower outer layer: fabric with or without (earth) alkali metals, containers,

Inner layer (insulation): one or more layers or one or more layers of insulation materials in any technically meaningful form of representation described herein that are not low in or free of (earth) alkali metals Upper outer layer: a non (earth) alkali metal-free or low-alkali metal fabric, container, hybrid textile, with or without wire reinforcement, with or without impregnation or with or without coating, also microporous metal foil, preferably stainless steel mesh or silicate mesh, also as a mixture of these, especially preferably equipped with an oil and water repellent

Version 5 - hot side poor or free / filling not poor or free / cold side poor or free

Optional: knitted wire, completely or partially with the actual lower one

Lower outer layer: fabric with or without (earth) alkali metals, containers,

Inner layer (insulation): one or more layers or one or more layers of insulation materials in any technically meaningful form of representation described herein that are not low in or free of (earth) alkali metals

Upper outer layer: a (earth) alkali metal-free or low-alkali metal fabric, container, hybrid textile, with or without wire reinforcement, with or without impregnation or with or without coating, also microporous metal foil, preferably stainless steel mesh or silicate mesh, also as a mixture of these, particularly preferred equipped with an oil and water repellent

Coating / lamination / lamination / foiling, the best at best is low in or free of (earth) alkali metals and has oil and water-repellent properties.

Further structures, depending on the application temperature and conditions of use of the hot metal part or the separable hot metal part insulating element, are possible while ensuring the prevention or reduction of the formation of compounds containing heavy metals that are hazardous to health and / or the environment and are not described in more detail here.

In Fig. 4 and 5, a further embodiment of the separable hot metal insulating element (1) is shown in the form of a mattress. The

Hot metal insulating element comprises a lower outer layer (2), an upper outer layer (5), four webs or side parts (6) which together span a free space and thereby give the hot metal insulating element a box-like or mattress-like shape. The free space is filled at least by a first inner layer (7).

For the application temperatures of the metal hot part or metal hot part insulating element listed here, a structure in the form of a mattress has proven particularly useful, which is constructed like the aforementioned pillow shape, but with a web corresponding to the upper outer layer, preferably corresponding to the lower outer layer. If the lower outer layer (hot side) consists of a metallic mesh or a metallic foil, the optional knitted wire mesh can be dispensed with. The structures of the pillow shape described above also apply accordingly (only supplemented by a bar) to the mattress shape.

Description of the structure of an exemplary insulation element or insulation system according to the invention:

The separable hot metal insulating element or hot metal insulating element system has, for example, a single or multi-layer or single or multi-layer upper outer layer (5), a single or multi-layer or single or multi-layer inner layer (7; 8), a single or multi-layer or single or multilayer lower outer layer (2), which are connected by a web or side wall (6) corresponding to the insulation thickness. Both the upper outer layer (5), the inner layer (7; 8), the lower outer layer (2) and the web (6) are made from components as defined herein. Optionally, the hot metal insulating element or hot metal insulating element system has on one, several or all of the outer layers (2; 5; 6) - the so-called sheathing - an additional partial or complete protective layer (9) (e.g. in the form of a metal wire mesh, knitted fabric, metal foil or another form of representation of a material suitable as a protective layer) in order to additionally protect the insulating element against other external influences, in particular vibration, abrasion, electrostatic charging, penetration of liquids or similar influences. This optional layer can replace one or more layers 2, 5 or 6, if necessary.

Optionally, the insulation element or insulation system, as shown in FIG. 8, can contain longitudinal or transverse seams (10a) or be provided with pins, hooks, staples, quilting seams or other suitable connection options in order to reduce or reduce the displacement of the individual layers relative to one another. to prevent, and to ensure the shape or dimensional stability and thus a precisely fitting assembly.

It can also be provided that the insulation element or insulation system, as shown in FIG. Contain straps, lashing eyes, Velcro connections, overlaps, wires or similar connecting elements to connect two or more insulation elements below and / or with each other to form an insulation system in order to minimize or at best to prevent.

Optionally, as shown in FIG. 7, the insulating element can have fastening elements (11) which make it possible to fix it directly on the hot metal part and thus prevent displacement of individual insulating elements of an insulation system on the hot metal part.

10 shows that the insulation system is made up of two or more layers of hot metal insulation elements, which form an overall system, at least the lower layer (layer facing the hot metal part) consisting of hot metal insulation elements according to the invention. This ensures that the overall system is easy to assemble and minimizes heat transfer at the joints, especially the lower insulation element layer, by offsetting the layer above. At the same time, this enables better shape adaptation to the hot metal part to be insulated. The size of the insulation elements is to be selected so that quick assembly and disassembly is possible. During maintenance and repair work, small units can thus be repaired or replaced if necessary. The individual layers can be connected under and / or with one another as described above. List of reference symbols

1 separable metal hot-part insulation element

2 lower outer layer

3 lower outside (hot side) 4 upper outside (cold side)

5 upper outer layer

6 side wall (web)

7 first inner layer (insulation material)

8 second or further inner layer 9 metallic jacket

10a connecting elements as a means of preventing layer shifts within a separable metal hot-part insulating element

10b connecting elements as a means for connecting separable metal hot-part insulating elements to one another 11 fastening element

12 metal hot part

13 cassette (partial or full cassette)

14 spacers

15 overlap flap

Claims

1. Hot metal insulating element (1) which is at least single-layer or single-layer and thus comprises at least one first outer layer (2), the first outer layer (2) being designed as a direct contact layer for a hot metal part to be insulated, the hot metal insulating element (1) includes at least the following:

- A lower outer side (3), which is designed as a contact surface for a hot metal part to be insulated, and

- An upper outer side (4) which is arranged opposite the contact surface for the hot metal part, characterized in that the first outer layer (2) is calcium-free, with calcium, calcium ions and / or calcium compounds in the range from 0 to 3% by weight are included, and wherein the first outer layer has alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and their oxides with a mass content in the range from 0 to 3 wt .-% ..

2. Hot metal insulating element according to claim 1, wherein the hot metal insulating element (1) comprises at least one second outer layer (5) which is arranged opposite the first outer layer (2), the second outer layer (5) calcium and calcium compounds with a mass content of less than 5 % By weight, in particular alkali metals or alkaline earth metals and their compounds with a mass content of less than 5% by weight.

3. Hot metal insulating element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the hot metal insulating element (1) has a casing, the casing comprising the following components:

- A first outer layer (2), which is designed as a contact surface for the metal hot part,

- A second outer layer (5) which is arranged opposite the first outer layer (2), and

- optionally at least one side wall (6) which connects the first outer layer (2) and the second outer layer (5), wherein the casing of the metal hot-part insulating element consists of materials which are calcium-free, calcium, calcium ions and / or calcium compounds being contained in the range from 0 to 3% by weight, and the casing being alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and their oxides with a mass content in the range from 0 to 3% by weight.

4. Hot metal insulating element according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the hot metal insulating element (1) comprises at least one first inner layer (7), wherein the at least one first inner layer (7) is in the form of a layer or heat insulating filler material.

5. Hot metal insulating element according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first outer layer (2), the second outer layer (5) and the at least one side wall (6) as a textile fabric, plastic film, metal foil, plastic-coated metal, metal-coated plastic, or mixtures thereof is trained.

6. Hot metal insulating element according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein all components of the hot metal insulating element consist of materials which are free of calcium, calcium, calcium ions and / or calcium compounds being contained in the range from 0 to 3% by weight, and the first Outer layer contains alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and their oxides with a mass content in the range from 0 to 3% by weight ..

7. Hot metal insulating element according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the materials, the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and their compounds with a mass content of 0 to 3 wt.%, From the group consisting of S-glass, M-glass, Q- Glass, D-glass, aluminoborosilicates, aluminosilicates, alumina fiber, silica, carbon and thermally stabilized intermediate products on the way to carbon fiber, cellulose, textile fibers (natural fibers, synthetic fibers), metal fibers (e.g. strands, wires, filaments), metals, metal alloys, plastic-coated Metals, metal-coated plastics, plastics or mixtures thereof are selected.

8. Hot metal insulating element according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the individual components of the hot metal insulating element are in the form of scrims, bundles, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, braids, fleeces, felts, cardboard, papers, needle mats, stitch-bonded mats, mats, plates, solidified fibers , similar layers, loose fibers, granules or powders are formed or consist of foils.

9. Hot metal insulating element according to one of claims 3 to 8, wherein the casing of the hot metal insulating element is wholly or partially in the form of a metal foil or a metal sheet.

10. Hot metal insulating element according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the hot metal insulating element is encased by a metallic jacket (9), the metallic jacket (9) being in the form of a metal foil or a metal sheet in half or full shell shape.

11. Hot metal insulating element according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein individual components of the hot metal insulating element are connected to one another by connecting elements (10a) and are thereby fixed to one another.

12. Hot metal insulating element according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the insulating materials, which have alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and their compounds with a mass content of more than 5 wt .-%, are impregnated and / or coated and / or laminated.

13. Hot metal insulating element according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein at least one outer side (2, 5 or 6) is at least partially provided with a metallic protection against direct mechanical stress, for example by vibration, for example in the form of a knitted wire, a wire mesh or a metallic foil.

14. Metal hot part insulating element according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein connecting elements (10b, 11) are attached to at least one outer side, which enable a connection of at least two metal hot part insulating elements to one another or that Attaching at least one metal hot part insulating element allows on the metal hot part.

15. Hot metal insulating element according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein fastening elements (11) are attached to the lower side facing the hot metal part.

16. Hot metal insulating element system, comprising at least two hot metal insulating elements according to one of the preceding claims, which are optionally connected below or with one another.

17. Hot metal insulating element system according to claim 16, comprising a hot metal part and a hot metal insulating element according to one of claims 1 to 15 attached thereto.

18 metal hot part insulating element cassette, wherein a metal hot part insulating element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 15 or a metal hot part insulating element system according to claim 16 or 17 in a prefabricated cassette shape (13), or metallic narrow cladding is placed or fastened in this or with a metallic jacket in Half or full shell shape (9) is provided so that it forms a closed insulation system.

19. A method for the thermal insulation of hot metal parts (12), characterized in that a hot metal part (12) is encased with a metal hot part insulating element or with a metal hot part insulating element system according to one of the preceding claims.

20. Use of a metal hot part insulation element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 15, a metal hot part insulation element system according to claim 16 or 17 or a metal hot part insulation element cassette according to claim 18 as thermal insulation, sound insulation and / or heat protection for hot metal parts in a temperature range of 20 ° C to 750 ° C .

21. Use of a metal hot-part insulating element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, in a narrow metallic casing.