EP4242528B1 - Agencement pour échangeurs de chaleur d'un système de chauffage urbain d'un bâtiment et procédé correspondant - Google Patents

Agencement pour échangeurs de chaleur d'un système de chauffage urbain d'un bâtiment et procédé correspondant Download PDF

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EP4242528B1
EP4242528B1 EP23161145.0A EP23161145A EP4242528B1 EP 4242528 B1 EP4242528 B1 EP 4242528B1 EP 23161145 A EP23161145 A EP 23161145A EP 4242528 B1 EP4242528 B1 EP 4242528B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
water
heat exchanger
domestic
circuit
heating
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EP23161145.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP4242528A1 (fr
EP4242528C0 (fr
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Timo Holopainen
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Insinoeoeritoimisto Mittatyoe Timo Holopainen Ky
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Insinoeoeritoimisto Mittatyoe Timo Holopainen Ky
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D10/00—District heating systems
    • F24D10/003—Domestic delivery stations having a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/0078—Recirculation systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/0073—Arrangements for preventing the occurrence or proliferation of microorganisms in the water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1066—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1066—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water
    • F24D19/1069—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water regulation in function of the temperature of the domestic hot water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/14—Cleaning; Sterilising; Preventing contamination by bacteria or microorganisms, e.g. by replacing fluid in tanks or conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/156—Reducing the quantity of energy consumed; Increasing efficiency
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/174—Supplying heated water with desired temperature or desired range of temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
    • F24H15/215—Temperature of the water before heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
    • F24H15/219—Temperature of the water after heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/305—Control of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/335—Control of pumps, e.g. on-off control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/13—Heat from a district heating network

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for heat exchangers of a district-heating system of a building, wherein the arrangement includes
  • domestic hot water of a building is circulated continuously in a piping system, so that domestic hot water is available to a user almost immediately upon turning on a domestic water tap.
  • domestic hot water must also be constantly kept hot enough to avoid the growth of harmful microbial in the circuit water. Harmful Legionella bacteria can proliferate in warm water below 50°C.
  • the temperature of domestic hot water must be between + 55 °C ... + 65 °C throughout the circuit piping system. The stipulated upper limit was chosen based on safety considerations (burn injuries). In Sweden, the recommended temperature range for hot water is + 50 °C to + 60 °C.
  • the established rated temperature for domestic hot water in Finland is + 58 °C and the return temperature of the circuit-water piping system is + 55 °C.
  • the domestic water circulating in the pipe system cools down, so that it must be constantly heated.
  • the outgoing temperature of domestic hot water leaving a domestic-water heat exchanger is set at 58 °C, so that the returning hot circuit water remains above a temperature of 55 °C.
  • domestic water consumption is very low or non-existent.
  • heat is typically transferred from the district-heating water to the domestic water by means of a single high-power domestic-water heat exchanger.
  • the primary side of domestic-water heat exchangers is dimensioned according to a summertime inlet temperature of district-heating water of 70 °C.
  • the design flow rate for the domestic hot water is calculated using a probability formula based on the number of water points and standard flow rates.
  • a rated value for a summertime inlet temperature of district-heating water of + 65 °C is used.
  • the pursuit of lower temperatures for the outgoing water of a district-heating system may lower the summertime rated temperature to + 65 °C in Finland as well.
  • Domestic-water heat exchangers are also clearly overdesigned in terms of their power in the heating season.
  • An oversized heat exchanger and a control valve designed according to a rated water flow rate of domestic water both render control difficult.
  • the consumption of domestic hot water is characterized by large and rapid fluctuations.
  • the power demand of a heat exchanger is not linear, but varies randomly according to daily and weekly rhythms.
  • the flow rate of the circuit line is normally approximately 30% of the design flow rate.
  • the characteristic features of this invention are indicated in the attached patent claim 1.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide an improved method using heat exchangers of a district-heating system of a building, wherein the method enables a more precise control of a domestic water circuit and of a temperature of domestic water heated from domestic cold water as well as an improvement in the cooling of district-heating water.
  • the characteristic features of this invention are indicated in the attached patent claim 9.
  • the building has two separate heat exchangers connected to a network for domestic hot water.
  • One heat exchanger is a conventional high-power domestic-water exchanger, which heats domestic cold water to a desired temperature, such as 58 °C (the setpoint value can vary between 55 and 58 °C depending on the building) .
  • a second, lower-power heat exchanger is connected to the return pipe of the domestic hot water circuit between the hot circuit water pump and the actual domestic-water exchanger. This heat exchanger of the domestic water circuit raises a setpoint value of the control loop of the domestic-water heat exchanger for the domestic water returning in the circuit line.
  • the circuit piping system thus always remains at a safe temperature when domestic water is not being used and the control valves of the domestic-water exchanger are not opened.
  • the circuit-water heat exchanger is configured to heat the domestic water to a setpoint temperature 1 - 5 °C, advantageously 2 - 4 °C, higher than the domestic-water heat exchanger, and the rated inlet temperature of district-heating water for the circuit-water heat exchanger is 2 - 10 °C, advantageously 4 - 6 °C, lower than the rated inlet temperature of district-heating water for the domestic-water heat exchanger.
  • the temperature of the domestic water circuit can thus be kept precisely at a setpoint temperature, so that the domestic water circuit remains free of harmful microbes such as Legionella bacteria.
  • the heating of the domestic water is thus also energy efficient and the cooling of the district-heating water can be improved by conducting heating water of a heat exchanger of the domestic water circuit to an outlet side of heating exchangers.
  • adapting a setpoint temperature of the circuit-water heat exchanger is understood to mean that control devices are configured to control the flow rate of the district-heating water to the domestic-water heat exchanger and to the circuit-water heat exchanger by controlling an opening degree of a control valve of the domestic-water heat exchanger and an opening degree of a control valve of the circuit-water heat exchanger in such a manner that a reading of a temperature sensor for hot circuit water ideally remains 1 - 5 °C, advantageously 2 - 4 °C, higher than a reading of a temperature sensor for hot water.
  • the design of the circuit-water heat exchanger is understood to mean that the geometric parameters of the heat exchanger, such as the surface area of the heat-exchanging surface, are configured for a design flow rate so that the domestic water is heated to a setpoint temperature at a rated inlet temperature of district-heating water.
  • a design can be achieved, for example, by adding heat-exchanging plates in order to increase the surface area of the heat-exchanging surface.
  • the domestic-water heat exchanger can be designed for a rated inlet temperature of district-heating water of, for example, 70 °C
  • the circuit-water heat exchanger can be designed for a rated inlet temperature of district-heating water of, for example, 65 °C.
  • the nominal power of the circuit-water heat exchanger is significantly lower than the nominal power of the domestic-water heat exchanger. Reducing the rated inlet temperature of the district-heating water for the circuit-water heat exchanger by increasing a surface area of a heat-exchanging surface is more cost-effective than a high-power domestic-water heat exchanger.
  • the power of the heat exchanger of the domestic water circuit can be merely 5 - 20 kW.
  • the rated temperature of the secondary side of the domestic-water exchanger is normally 10 °C - 58 °, in which case the rated temperature of the circuit-water heating exchanger is 55 °C - 60 °C or 57 °C - 60 °C, depending on losses in the circuit line.
  • the arrangement according to the invention advantageously further provides a temperature monitoring of the circuit piping system and a monitoring of temperatures of the domestic hot water and a measuring of the power consumption of the domestic water circuit.
  • the arrangement according to the invention can be implemented in an existing, older heat distribution system, in which case it is not absolutely necessary to replace a high-power and expensive domestic-water heat exchanger, but rather a low-power circuit-water heat exchanger according to the invention that has been optimized with respect to its rated temperatures can be added to the heat distribution system by simultaneously making the necessary changes and additions to the control devices of the arrangement.
  • An older heat distribution system can thus be modernized so as to become more energy efficient and more functional in terms of its control. Cooling of the district-heating water can be improved at a low cost while ensuring a microbe-free domestic-water system.
  • this low-power heat exchanger can be fully exploited when the system is upgraded.
  • the circuit-water heat exchanger can be configured to produce domestic hot water with a setpoint temperature of 60-63 °C, advantageously 60 °C, and the domestic-water heat exchanger can be configured to produce domestic hot water with a setpoint temperature of 55-59 °C, advantageously 58 °C.
  • the control valve of the domestic-water heat exchanger is thus not opened when a domestic water tap is opened slightly, so that district-heating water is not needlessly conducted through the domestic-water heat exchanger.
  • a domestic water circuit can thereby be kept at a target temperature alone by means of a separate circuit-water heat exchanger. Only when the consumption of domestic hot water increases markedly and the exchanger cools down is a use of the domestic-water heat exchanger initiated to heat domestic water.
  • the domestic-water heat exchanger is either a two-pass domestic-water heat exchanger, comprising a first portion at a higher temperature for producing hot water and a second portion at a lower temperature for preheating cold water, wherein the hot circuit water is conducted between the first portion and the second portion, or an analogously arranged whole formed by two single-inlet heat exchangers and interconnecting piping systems.
  • a cooling of district-heating water can thus be improved in conjunction with a heating of domestic water.
  • the domestic-water heat exchanger is a single-inlet heat exchanger.
  • the hot circuit water is conducted from the circuit-water heat exchanger to a cold water line that leads to the single-inlet domestic-water heat exchanger.
  • the system according to the invention does not depend per se on the structure of the actual domestic-water heat exchanger.
  • a domestic-water return pipe of the circuit-water heat exchanger is connected to the domestic-water heat exchanger in order to conduct heated circuit water to the domestic-water heat exchanger.
  • the hot water of the domestic water circuit can thereby be heated with precision to a desired setpoint temperature.
  • the arrangement includes at least one heating-circuit loop and one heat exchanger of the heating circuit, and a return pipe for returning district-heating water that heats the circuit-water heat exchanger is connected to a district-heating water pipe that leads to the heat exchanger of the heating circuit.
  • a return pipe for returning district-heating water of the heat exchanger is connected directly to a return line of the district-heating system of the building in such a manner that the district-heating water returning from the heat exchanger of the heating circuit no longer passes through the domestic-water heat exchanger.
  • the district-heating water used in the building can thus be cooled to a temperature so low that it can no longer be utilized to preheat cold water.
  • the district-heating water can be conducted solely through the circuit-water heat exchanger to a heat exchanger of a heating circuit.
  • the heat of the district-heating water arriving from the circuit-water heat exchanger is thereby transferred very efficiently to the heating circuit, where the water is continuously circulated even when there is no actual demand for heating.
  • the district-heating water leaving a heat exchanger of a heating circuit is conducted to an intermediate feed of the domestic-water heat exchanger to heat cold water.
  • a control of the domestic-water heat exchanger is provided using two separate control valves connected in parallel. This allows a very precise control of the flow rate and the temperature of the district-heating water conducted to the domestic-water heat exchanger.
  • the circuit-water heat exchanger can have a nominal power of 2-20 kW, advantageously 5-15 kW, and the domestic-water heat exchanger can have a nominal power of 65-600 kW, advantageously 150-400 kW.
  • this allows heating of the domestic water to be provided by means of a low-power heat exchanger, so that a cooling of the district-heating water can be significantly improved when domestic water is not being consumed.
  • a flow rate of district-heating water flowing to the domestic-water heat exchanger is set by controlling an opening degree of a control valve of the domestic-water heat exchanger
  • domestic water is circulated in a domestic water circuit, in which outgoing hot water is heated by the domestic-water heat exchanger and hot circuit water returning from the domestic water circuit is conducted to the domestic-water heat exchanger
  • heat is additionally transferred from district-heating water to the hot circuit water by means of a separate circuit-water heat exchanger dimensioned for a selected rated inlet temperature of district-heating water
  • the flow rate of the district-heating water flowing to the circuit-water heat exchanger is set by controlling an opening degree of a control valve of the circuit-water heat exchanger
  • the flow rate of the district-heating water is controlled
  • the circuit-water heat exchanger is set to heat domestic water to a setpoint temperature 1 - 5 °C, advantageously 2 - 4 °C, higher than the domestic-water heat exchanger, and the circuit-water heat exchanger is dimensioned for a rated inlet temperature of district-heating water that is 2 - 10 °C, advantageously 4 - 6 °C, lower than the domestic-water heat exchanger.
  • This allows the temperature of the domestic water circuit to be maintained precisely at a setpoint temperature, so that the domestic water circuit remains free of harmful microbes such as Legionella bacteria. This also allows a more energy-efficient heating of the domestic water while improving the cooling of the district-heating water.
  • a setpoint temperature of a circuit-water heat exchanger can be set to 60-63 °C, advantageously 60 °C, and a setpoint temperature of a domestic-water heat exchanger can be set to 57-59 °C, advantageously 58 °C.
  • the control valve of the domestic-water heat exchanger thus does not open when a domestic water tap is opened slightly.
  • the district-heating water is conducted to the domestic-water heat exchanger via a two-part control valve comprising two separate control valves connected in parallel. This allows the flow rate of district-heating water conducted to the domestic-water heat exchanger to be controlled very precisely.
  • the district-heating water that has passed through the circuit-water heat exchanger is conducted into a district-heating water pipe that leads to a heat exchanger of a heating circuit.
  • This allows a very efficient cooling of the district-heating water used in the building via the circulation of the district-heating water through both the circuit-water heat exchanger and the heat exchanger of the heating circuit.
  • the district-heating water returning from the heat exchanger of the heating circuit is conducted directly into a return line of the district-heating system of the building. This allows the district-heating water used in the building to be cooled to a very low temperature.
  • water is circulated continuously in the heating circuit even when there is no demand for heating. This allows heat of the district-heating water returning from the circuit-water heat exchanger to be transferred efficiently to water of the heating circuit when the district-heating water returning from the circuit-water heat exchanger is conducted through the heat exchanger of the heating circuit.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an arrangement according to the invention, which is based on a conventional heat distribution centre of a district-heating system.
  • Domestic hot water is circulated in a domestic water circuit 15 of a building by means of a hot circuit water pump 24.
  • the heating of the domestic water is implemented in such a manner that the temperature of the domestic water in the domestic water circuit 15 remains continuously at a temperature of at least 55 °C.
  • control valve 12 In order to heat the domestic water of the building, district-heating water is conducted from an inlet line 17 of a district-heating DH system via a control valve 12 to a domestic-water heat exchanger 10.
  • the control valve 12 is a two-part control valve comprising two separate control valves 12.1, 12.2 connected in parallel.
  • the domestic-water heat exchanger 10 In the domestic-water heat exchanger 10, heat is transferred from the district-heating water to the domestic water.
  • the domestic-water heat exchanger 10 is a two-part or so-called two-pass heat exchanger comprising a first portion 10.1 at a higher temperature for producing hot water HW and a second portion 10.2 at a lower temperature for preheating cold water CW. Cold water CW is thus first conducted to the second portion 10.2 of the domestic-water heat exchanger 10. Hot circuit water is conducted to the domestic-water heat exchanger 10 between the first portion 10.1 and the second portion 10.2.
  • the hot circuit water HWC and preheated cold water CW are thus conducted for heating to the first portion 10.1 of the domestic-water heat exchanger 10, wherein the domestic water returning from the first portion 10.1 is hot water HW.
  • the hot circuit water HWC returning from the domestic water circuit 15 is mainly heated by means of a separate circuit-water heat exchanger 20.
  • the circuit-water heat exchanger 20 is a low-power heat exchanger (e.g. 6 kW) compared to the actual domestic-water heat exchanger 10 (e.g. 200 kW) .
  • Hot district-heating water is conducted to the circuit-water heat exchanger 20 from the inlet line 17 of the district-heating DH system of the building via a control valve 22.
  • the circuit-water heat exchanger 20 transfers heat from the district-heating water to the hot circuit water HWC, which is conducted after the circuit-water heat exchanger 20 to the actual domestic-water heat exchanger 10 in a return pipe 54.
  • the arrangement includes a temperature sensor 41 for hot circuit water HWC and a temperature sensor 42 for hot water HW.
  • the arrangement also includes control devices which read readings of the temperature sensor 41 for hot circuit water HWC and of the temperature sensor 42 for hot water HW and control the opening degrees of the control valves 22, 12.1 and 12.2 based on the readings and setpoint values. For example, by opening the control valve 22, more hot district-heating water can be conducted to the circuit-water heat exchanger 20, whereby more heat is transferred to the hot circuit water HWC.
  • the temperatures of the circuit water and heating circuits 30, 40 are measured continuously by means of temperature sensors 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, and the power consumption is measured continuously by means of energy meters 61, 62, 63. This makes it possible to monitor the temperatures of the circuit piping system for circulating domestic hot water and the power consumption of operating the circuit.
  • the circuit-water heat exchanger 20 is configured to heat domestic water to a higher setpoint temperature than the actual domestic-water heat exchanger 10.
  • the setpoint temperature of the low-power circuit-water heat exchanger 20 is 60 °C and the setpoint temperature of the overdesigned domestic-water heat exchanger 10 is 58 °C.
  • the reading of the temperature sensor 41 for hot circuit water HWC is ideally kept at 60 °C and the reading of the temperature sensor 42 for hot water HW is ideally kept at 58 °C.
  • the control valves 12.1, 12.2 of the domestic-water heat exchanger 10 thus do not open when a domestic-water tap is opened slightly.
  • the rated inlet temperature of district-heating water for the circuit-water heat exchanger 20 is also 65 °C, which is lower than the rated inlet temperature of district-heating water for the domestic-water heat exchanger 10, which is 70 °C in this embodiment.
  • the arrangement illustrated in Figure 1 further includes two heating circuits 30, 40. These can be intended to heat, for example, a floor-heating network and a ventilation.
  • water is circulated by a pump 35 and heat is transferred from district-heating water to the heating circuit 30 by means of a heat exchanger 31 of the heating circuit, the district-heating water being conducted into the heat exchanger 31 from the inlet line 17 of the district-heating DH system of the building via a control valve 33.
  • the heating circuit 40 water is circulated by a pump 36 and heat is transferred from district-heating water to the heating circuit 40 by means of a heat exchanger 32 of the heating circuit, the district-heating water being conducted into the heat exchanger 32 from the inlet line 17 of the district-heating DH system of the building via a control valve 34.
  • a return pipe 51 for returning the district-heating water of the circuit-water heat exchanger 20 is connected to a district-heating water pipe 52 that leads to the heat exchanger 31 of the heating circuit 30.
  • a return pipe 51 for returning the district-heating water from the circuit-water heat exchanger 20 is also connected to a district-heating water pipe 53 that leads to the heat exchanger 32 of the heating circuit 40.
  • a so-called intermediate feed connection is not used, but rather the district-heating water returning from the heat exchangers 31, 32 of the heating circuits 30, 40 is conducted to a return line 18 of the district-heating DH system of the building.
  • a return pipe 55 for returning district-heating water of the heat exchanger 31 of the heating circuit 30 is connected directly to the return line 18 of the district-heating DH system of the building.
  • a return pipe 56 for returning district-heating water of the heat exchanger 32 of the heating circuit 40 is connected directly to the return line 18 of the district-heating DH system of the building.
  • An intermediate feed connection of the domestic-water heat exchanger is used when the return temperature of the district-heating system in a heating dimensioning situation can be utilized in the domestic-water exchanger to improve cooling.
  • an intermediate feed connection can be used in the following cases:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Agencement pour échangeurs de chaleur d'un système de chauffage urbain d'un bâtiment, ledit agencement comprenant
    • un échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10), par lequel l'eau de chauffage urbain est conduite et qui est configuré pour produire de la chaleur pour l'eau domestique, et qui est dimensionné pour une température d'entrée maximale sélectionnée de l'eau de chauffage urbain,
    • une vanne de régulation (12) de l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10) pour réguler le débit de l'eau de chauffage urbain vers l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10),
    • un circuit d'eau domestique (15), dans lequel l'eau chaude (HW) qui entre dans le circuit (15) est chauffée au moyen de l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10) et l'eau chaude du circuit (HWC) revenant du circuit (15) est conduite vers l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10),
    • un échangeur de chaleur distinct pour l'eau du circuit (20), par lequel l'eau de chauffage urbain est conduite et qui est configuré pour produire de la chaleur pour chauffer l'eau chaude du circuit (HWC), et qui est dimensionné pour une température d'entrée maximale sélectionnée de l'eau de chauffage urbain,
    • une vanne de régulation (22) de l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau du circuit (20) permettant de réguler le débit de l'eau de chauffage urbain conduite vers l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau du circuit (20),
    • un capteur de température (41) pour l'eau chaude du circuit (HWC) et un capteur de température (42) pour l'eau chaude (HW),
    • des dispositifs de commande pour contrôler le débit de l'eau de chauffage urbain dans une partie sélectionnée de l'agencement conformément à un programme prédéfini, lesdits dispositifs de commande étant configurés au moins pour contrôler le degré d'ouverture de la vanne de régulation (12) de l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10) et le degré d'ouverture de la vanne de régulation (22) de l'échangeur de chaleur de l'eau du circuit (20) en fonction des lectures du capteur de température (41) pour l'eau chaude du circuit (HWC) et du capteur de température (42) de l'eau chaude (HW),
    caractérisé en ce que
    • l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau du circuit (20) présente une puissance plus faible que l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10),
    • les dispositifs de commande sont configurés pour chauffer l'eau domestique dans l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau du circuit (20) jusqu'à une température de référence supérieure de 1 °C à 5 °C, avantageusement de 2 °C à 4 °C, à celle de l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10), ce qui empêche la vanne de régulation (12) de l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10) de s'ouvrir lorsque l'eau domestique n'est pas utilisée, et
    • les paramètres géométriques de l'échangeur de chaleur (20) sont configurés de façon à ce que la température d'entrée maximale de l'eau de chauffage urbain pour l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau du circuit (20) est inférieure de 2 °C à 10 °C, avantageusement de 4 °C à 6 °C, à celle de la température d'entrée maximale de l'eau de chauffage urbain pour l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10).
  2. Agencement conformément à la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur de l'eau du circuit (20) est configuré pour produire de l'eau chaude domestique à une température de référence comprise entre 60 °C et 63 °C, avantageusement de 60 °C, et l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10) est configuré pour produire de l'eau chaude domestique à une température de référence comprise entre 55 °C et 59 °C, avantageusement à 58 °C.
  3. Agencement conformément à la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10) est
    - soit un échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique à deux passes, comprenant une première partie (10.1) à une température plus élevée pour produire de l'eau chaude (HW) et une deuxième partie (10.2) à une température moins élevée pour préchauffer l'eau froide (CW), dans lequel l'eau chaude du circuit (HWC) est conduite entre la première partie (10.1) et la deuxième partie (10.2),
    - ou un ensemble agencé de façon analogue formé par deux échangeurs de chaleur à une seule entrée et des systèmes de canalisations interconnectés.
  4. Agencement conformément à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'un tuyau de retour pour l'eau domestique (54) de l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau du circuit (20) est raccordé à l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10) afin de conduire l'eau du circuit chauffée vers l'échangeur de chaleur de l'eau domestique (10).
  5. Agencement conformément à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'agencement comprend au moins un circuit de chauffage (30) et un échangeur de chaleur (31) du circuit de chauffage (30), et en ce qu'un tuyau de retour (51) pour renvoyer l'eau de chauffage urbain qui chauffe l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau du circuit (20) est raccordé à un tuyau de chauffage urbain (52) qui mène à l'échangeur de chaleur (31) du circuit de chauffage (30).
  6. Agencement conformément à la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'un tuyau de retour (55) pour renvoyer l'eau de chauffage urbain de l'échangeur de chaleur (31) du circuit de chauffage (30) est raccordé directement à une conduite de retour (18) du système de chauffage urbain (DH) du bâtiment de manière à ce que l'eau de chauffage urbain qui revient de l'échangeur de chaleur (31) du circuit de chauffage (30) ne passe plus par l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10).
  7. Agencement conformément à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la vanne de régulation (12) de l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10) est une vanne de régulation en deux parties composée de deux vannes de régulation distinctes (12.1, 12.2) raccordées en parallèle.
  8. Agencement conformément à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau du circuit (20) présente une puissance nominale comprise entre 2 kW et 20 kW, avantageusement entre 5 kW et 15 kW, et l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10) présente une puissance nominale comprise entre 65 kW et 600 kW, avantageusement entre 150 kW et 400 kW.
  9. Procédé pour échangeurs de chaleur d'un système de chauffage urbain d'un bâtiment, dans lequel
    • la chaleur est transférée de l'eau de chauffage urbain à l'eau de chauffage domestique au moyen d'un échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10) dimensionné pour une température d'entrée maximale sélectionnée de l'eau de chauffage urbain,
    • le débit de l'eau de chauffage urbain vers l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10) est régulé en contrôlant le degré d'ouverture d'une vanne de régulation (12) de l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10),
    • l'eau domestique circule dans un circuit d'eau domestique (15), dans lequel l'eau chaude sortante (HW) est chauffée par l'échangeur de chaleur de l'eau domestique (10) et l'eau chaude du circuit (HWC) revenant du circuit d'eau domestique (15) est conduite jusqu'à l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10),
    • la chaleur est en plus transférée de l'eau de chauffage urbain à l'eau chaude du circuit (HWC) au moyen d'un échangeur de chaleur distinct pour l'eau du circuit (20) dimensionné pour une température d'entrée maximale sélectionnée de l'eau de chauffage urbain,
    • le débit de l'eau de chauffage urbain vers l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau de circuit (20) est régulé en contrôlant le degré d'ouverture d'une vanne de régulation (22) de l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau de circuit (20),
    • la température de l'eau chaude du circuit (HWC) est mesurée par un capteur de température (41), et la température de l'eau chaude (HW) est mesurée par un capteur de température (42),
    • le débit de l'eau de chauffage urbain est régulé dans une étape de méthode sélectionnée au moyen de dispositifs de commande conformément à un critère prédéfini, lesdits dispositifs de commande contrôlent au moins le degré d'ouverture de la vanne de régulation (12) de l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10) et de la vanne de régulation (22) de l'échangeur de chaleur de l'eau du circuit (20) en fonction des lectures du capteur de température (41) pour l'eau chaude du circuit (HWC) et du capteur de température (42) de l'eau chaude (HW),
    caractérisé en ce que
    • l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau du circuit (20) présente une puissance plus faible que l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10),
    • les dispositifs de commande sont prévus pour chauffer l'eau domestique dans l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau du circuit (20) jusqu'à une température de référence supérieure de 1 °C à 5 °C, avantageusement de 2 °C à 4 °C, à celle de l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10), ce qui empêche la vanne de régulation (12) de l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10) de s'ouvrir lorsque l'eau domestique n'est pas utilisée, et
    • l'échangeur de chaleur de l'eau de circuit (20) est dimensionné pour une température d'entrée maximale sélectionnée de l'eau de chauffage urbain inférieure de 2 °C à 10 °C, avantageusement de 4 °C à 6 °C, à celle de l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10).
  10. Procédé conformément à la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la température de référence de l'échangeur de chaleur de l'eau du circuit (20) est définie sur 60 °C à 63 °C, avantageusement sur 60 °C, et en ce que la température de référence de l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10) est définie sur 55 °C à 59 °C, avantageusement sur 58 °C.
  11. Procédé conformément à la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que l'eau de chauffage urbain est conduite vers l'échangeur de chaleur pour l'eau domestique (10) via une vanne de régulation en deux parties (12) composée de deux vannes de régulation distinctes (12.1, 12.2) raccordées en parallèle.
  12. Procédé conformément à l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'eau de chauffage urbain qui a traversé l'échangeur de chaleur de l'eau du circuit (20) est conduite dans un tuyau d'eau pour le chauffage urbain (52) qui mène à un échangeur de chaleur (31) d'un circuit de chauffage (30).
  13. Procédé conformément à la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que l'eau de chauffage urbain revenant de l'échangeur de chaleur (31) du circuit de chauffage (30) est menée directement dans une conduite de retour (18) du système de chauffage urbain (DH) du bâtiment.
  14. Procédé conformément à l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 13, caractérisé en ce que l'eau circule en continu dans le circuit de chauffage (30) même lorsqu'il n'y a pas de demande de chauffage.
EP23161145.0A 2022-03-11 2023-03-10 Agencement pour échangeurs de chaleur d'un système de chauffage urbain d'un bâtiment et procédé correspondant Active EP4242528B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20225218A FI130379B (fi) 2022-03-11 2022-03-11 Järjestely kiinteistön kaukolämmön lämmönsiirtimien yhteydessä ja vastaava menetelmä

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EP4242528B1 true EP4242528B1 (fr) 2024-03-06
EP4242528C0 EP4242528C0 (fr) 2024-03-06

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE20316161U1 (de) * 2003-10-22 2003-12-24 Weigerstorfer Gmbh Fernheizungssystem mit häuslicher Warmwasserbereitung
DE102008038617B4 (de) * 2008-08-12 2013-10-10 Frank Triesch Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wärmenutzung
DE102010044535B4 (de) * 2010-09-07 2014-07-31 Richter Pumpentechnik Gmbh Warmwasserbereitungsanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Warmwasserbereitungsanlage
DE102014116368A1 (de) * 2014-11-10 2016-05-12 Helmut Bälz GmbH Wärmeübertragungssystem für Gebäude
FI13093Y1 (fi) * 2020-01-29 2022-01-21 Hoegforsgst Oy Järjestelmä kaukolämmön jäähtymän parantamiseksi

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FI130379B (fi) 2023-08-04
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EP4242528C0 (fr) 2024-03-06

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