Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
  • C11C1/00—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids
  • C11C1/02—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids from fats or fatty oils
  • C11C1/04—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids from fats or fatty oils by hydrolysis
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
  • C11C1/00—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids
  • C11C1/005—Splitting up mixtures of fatty acids into their constituents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
  • C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/04—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
  • C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
  • C11C3/003—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fatty acids with alcohols

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a process of manufacturing a fatty acid-based surfactants comprising the step of converting oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr into a fatty acid composition. Further, the present invention relates to fatty acid-based surfactants obtained from the fruits of a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr and the use thereof in suitable applications.
• renewable oil can be found in every important industrial section, e.g. food products, pharmaceuticals, consumer goods, or energy (biodiesel).
• a more environmental friendly alternative preferably provides at least one, more preferably at least two, still more preferably at least three, and in particular at least four, of the following impacts: reduced water demand, reduction of the loss of biodiversity, reduction of loss of habitats for local tribes, reduction of deforestation, improved recovery of degraded areas and springs and watersheds, improved retention of moisture in the soil.
• the present invention relates to a process of manufacturing a fatty acid-based surfactant, the process comprising the steps of
• the plant is a palm, preferably a palm of the genus Acrocomia, more preferably a Maca ⁇ ba palm, and in particular Acrocomia aculeata and/or the plant is a palm and the oil is extracted from the palm pulp and/or the palm kernel, preferably wherein the plant is Maca ⁇ ba palm and the oil is extracted from the Maca ⁇ ba kernel, and in particular wherein the plant is Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from Acrocomia aculeata kernel.
• step a) the conversion is conducted under chemical or enzymatic conditions, preferably under chemical conditions and/or step a) involves a hydrolysis.
• the fatty acid composition in step a) comprises at least 45 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition, of C4-C22 fatty acids, preferably C6-C20 fatty acids, more preferably C8-C18 fatty acids, even more preferably C8-C16 fatty acids or C16-C18 fatty acids, and in particular C10-C16 fatty acids and/or
• the plant has an oil yield in tons per hectare per year in the range of 6 to 30 t/ha/yr, preferably 7 to 20 t/ha/yr, more preferably of 8 to 15 t/ha/yr.
• the fatty acid-based surfactant provided in step d) is selected from the group consisting of sulfonates, amides, isethionates, taurates, glycolipids, amino acids, esterquats, sophorolipids, rhamnolipids, and amphoacetates.
• the fatty acid-based surfactant provided in step d) is
• step a) further comprises the step
• the process further comprises the steps
• the present invention relates to a fatty acid-based surfactant and blends thereof obtained by a process according to the first aspect.
• the present invention relates fatty acid-based surfactant obtained from the fruits of a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr, wherein the oil obtained from the plant is converted into a fatty acid composition, which is then converted into the fatty acid-based surfactant.
• the plant is a palm, preferably a palm of the genus Acrocomia, more preferably a Maca ⁇ ba palm, and in particular Acrocomia aculeata and/or wherein the oil is obtained by extraction of the fruits, preferably wherein the plant is a palm and the oil is extracted from the palm pulp and/or the palm kernel, more preferably wherein the plant is Maca ⁇ ba palm and the oil is extracted from the Maca ⁇ ba kernel, and in particular wherein the plant is Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from Acrocomia aculeata kernel.
• the present invention relates to the use of a fatty acid composition obtained from the fruits of a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr for manufacturing a fatty acid-based surfactant.
• the present invention relates to the use of the fatty acid-based surfactant according to the second or the third aspect in a personal care composition, a cleaning composition, a nutrition formulation, a pharmaceutical formulation, or a crops formulation.
• the present invention relates to a personal care composition, a cleaning composition, a nutrition formulation, a pharmaceutical formulation, or a crop formulation comprising a surfactant according to the second or the third aspect.
• the present invention relates to process of manufacturing glycerol, the process comprising the step
• a group is defined to comprise at least a certain number of embodiments, this is meant to also encompass a group which preferably consists of these embodiments only.
• the terms “first”, “second”, “third” or “(a)”, “(b)”, “(c)”, “(d)” etc. and the like in the description and in the claims, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances and that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in other sequences than described or illustrated herein.
• first”, “second”, “third” or “(a)”, “(b)”, “(c)”, “(d)”, “i”, “ii” etc. relate to steps of a method or use or assay there is no time or time interval coherence between the steps, i.e. the steps may be carried out simultaneously or there may be time intervals of seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months or even years between such steps, unless otherwise indicated in the application as set forth herein above or below. It is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the particular methodology, protocols, reagents etc. described herein as these may vary.
• the term "does not comprise”, “does not contain”, or “free of” means in the context that the composition of the present invention is free of a specific compound or group of compounds, which may be combined under a collective term, that the composition does not comprise said compound or group of compounds in an amount of more than 0.8 % by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. Furthermore, it is preferred that the composition according to the present invention does not comprise said compounds or group of compounds in an amount of more than 0.5 % by weight, preferably the composition does not comprise said compounds or group of compounds at all.
• compositions and the weight percent of the therein comprised ingredients it is to be understood that according to the present invention the overall amount of ingredients does not exceed 100% ( ⁇ 1% due to rounding).
• the term "personal care composition” refers to any topical and oral product that can be used at least once daily by the costumer as an everyday care product for the human body, e.g. for face, hair, body, or oral care.
• the personal care composition may comprise one or more active agents, e.g., organic and/or inorganic UV filters, as well as other ingredients or additives, e.g., emulsifiers, emollients, viscosity regulators, stabilizers, preservatives, or fragrances.
• Suitable daily care composition are according to the present invention, e.g. leave-on face and body care products and rinse-off face and body care products.
• Suitable leave-on face and body care products are, e.g. sunscreen compositions, decorative preparations, and skin care preparations.
• sunscreen composition refers to any topical product, which absorbs and which may further reflect and scatter certain parts of UV radiation.
• sunscreen composition is to be understood as not only including sunscreen compositions, but also any cosmetic compositions that provide UV protection.
• topical product refers to a product that is applied to the skin and can refer, e.g., to sprays, lotions, creams, oils, foams, powders, or gels.
• the sunscreen composition may comprise one or more active agents, e.g., organic and inorganic UV filters, as well as other ingredients or additives, e.g., emulsifiers, emollients, viscosity regulators, stabilizers, preservatives, or fragrances.
• active agents e.g., organic and inorganic UV filters
• other ingredients or additives e.g., emulsifiers, emollients, viscosity regulators, stabilizers, preservatives, or fragrances.
• Suitable decorative preparations are, e.g., lipsticks, nail varnishes, eye shadows, mascaras, dry and moist make-up, rouge, powders, depilatory agents and suntan lotions.
• Suitable skin care preparations are e.g., moisturizing, refining, and lifting preparations.
• the cited daily care compositions can be in the form of creams, ointments, pastes, foams, gels, lotions, powders, make-ups, sprays, sticks or aerosols.
• UV filter or “ultraviolet filter” as used herein refers to organic or inorganic compounds, which can absorb and may further reflect and scatter UV radiation caused by sunlight. UV-filter can be classified based on their UV protection curve as UV-A, UV-B, or broadband filters.
• UV light can be divided into UV-A radiation (320 - 400 nm) and UV-B radiation (290 - 320 nm).
• the definition of "broadband” protection (also referred to as broad-spectrum or broad protection) is based on the “critical wavelength”.
• UV-B and UV-A protection must be provided.
• a critical wavelength of at least 370 nm is required for achieving broad spectrum protection.
• critical wavelength is defined as the wavelength at which the area under the UV protection curve (% protection versus wavelength) represents 90 % of the total area under the curve in the UV region (290-400 nm).
• a critical wavelength of 370 nm indicates that the protection of the sunscreen composition is not limited to the wavelengths of UV-B, i.e. wavelengths from 290-320 nm, but extends to 370 nm in such a way that 90 % of the total area under the protective curve in the UV region are reached at 370 nm.
• Suitable rinse-off face and body care products are, e.g. shampoo, conditioner, shower gel, body scrub, face scrub, and hand soap.
• emollient relates to cosmetic specific oils used for protecting, moisturizing and lubricating the skin.
• the word emollient is derived from the Latin word mollire , to soften.
• emollients prevent evaporation of water from the skin by forming an occlusive coating. They can be divided into different groups depending on their polarity index.
• polarity index refers to non-polar or polar oils.
• Non-polar oils are mainly based on hydrocarbons and lack an electronegative element, such as oxygen.
• polar oils contain heteroatoms that differ in electronegativity, which results in a dipole moment.
• such oils are still insoluble in water, i.e. hydrophobic.
• the polarity index can be determined by measuring the interfacial tension between the respective oil and water.
• administration refers to the application of a sunscreen or daily care composition to the skin of a person.
• alkyl denotes in each case a linear or branched alkyl group having usually from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 26 or of 1 to 6 or of 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
• alkyl group examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl
• alkoxy denotes in each case a linear or branched alkyl group which is bonded via an oxygen atom and has usually from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 carbon atom.
• alkoxy group examples are methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butyloxy, 2-butyloxy, iso-butyloxy, tert.-butyloxy, and the like.
• hydroxyalkyl denotes in each case a linear or branched alkyl group having usually from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and being further substituted with 1 to 5, preferably with 1 to 2 hydroxy groups, in particular with 1 hydroxy group.
• the one hydroxy group is terminating the linear or branched alkyl group so that the hydroxy group is bonded to an alkyl bridge, which is bonded to the remainder of the molecule.
• Examples of an hydroxyalkyl group are hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, n-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, n-hydroxybutyl, 2-hydroxybutyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, n-hydroxypentyl, and n-hydroxyhexyl.
• alkylene refers to a linking linear or branched alkylene group having usually from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, e.g. 1, 2, 3, or 4 carbon atoms.
• the alkylene group bridges a certain group to the remainder of the molecule.
• Preferred alkylene groups include methylene (CH 2 ), ethylene (CH 2 CH 2 ), propylene (CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 ) and the like.
• CH 2 ethylene
• propylene CH 2 CH 2 CH 2
• each carbon atom has one valence left for forming a bridge (-CH 2 CH 2 -).
• each terminal carbon atom has one valence left for forming a bridge (-CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -).
• heterocyclic or “heterocyclyl” includes, unless otherwise indicated, in general a 3-to 9-membered, preferably a 4- to 8-membered or 5- to 7-membered, more preferably 5- or 6-membered, in particular 6-membered monocyclic ring.
• the heterocycle may be saturated, partially or fully unsaturated, or aromatic, wherein saturated means that only single bonds are present, and partially or fully unsaturated means that one or more double bonds may be present in suitable positions, while the Hückel rule for aromaticity is not fulfilled, whereas aromatic means that the Hückel (4n + 2) rule is fulfilled.
• the heterocycle typically comprises one or more, e.g.
• the heterocycle is an aromatic heterocycle, preferably a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocycle comprising one or more, e.g. 1, 2, 3, or 4, preferably 1, 2, or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring members, where S-atoms as ring members may be present as S, SO or SO 2 .
• aromatic heterocycles are provided below in connection with the definition of "hetaryl”.
• Hetaryls or “heteroaryls” are covered by the term “heterocycles”.
• the saturated or partially or fully unsaturated heterocycles usually comprise 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, preferably 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring members, where S-atoms as ring members may be present as S, SO or SO 2 .
• S, SO or SO 2 is to be understood as follows:
• Saturated heterocycles include, unless otherwise indicated, in general 3- to 9-membered, preferably 4- to 8-membered or 5- to 7-membered, more preferably 5- or 6-membered monocyclic rings comprising 3 to 9, preferably 4 to 8 or 5 to 7, more preferably 5 or 6 atoms comprising at least one heteroatom, such as pyrrolidine, tetrahydrothiophene, tetrahydrofuran, piperidine, tetrahydropyran, dioxane, morpholine or piperazine.
• heteroatoms such as pyrrolidine, tetrahydrothiophene, tetrahydrofuran, piperidine, tetrahydropyran, dioxane, morpholine or piperazine.
• aryl or "aromatic carbocycle” preferably includes 6-membered aromatic carbocyclic rings based on carbon atoms as ring members.
• a preferred example is phenyl.
• fatty alcohol as used herein is directed to linear or branched, preferably linear, primary alcohols.
• Fatty alcohols may comprise from 4 to 26 carbon atoms.
• fatty alcohol encompasses saturated and unsaturated alcohol.
• the double bond of an unsaturated fatty alcohol can give either cis or trans isomers.
• fatty alcohol encompasses saturated and unsaturated alcohols.
• 1-Butanol, 1-hexanol, 1-octanol, 1-decanol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmitoyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol, lignoceryl alcohol, and ceryl alcohol should be named in this connection.
• fatty alcohol-based surfactant denotes a surfactant that originates from a reaction of the primary alcohol group of a fatty alcohol.
• fatty acid as used herein is directed to linear or branched, preferably linear, primary carboxylic acids.
• Fatty acids may comprise from 4 to 26 carbon atoms.
• the term fatty acid encompasses saturated and unsaturated acids.
• the double bond of an unsaturated fatty acid can give either cis or trans isomers.
• fatty acid-based surfactant denotes a surfactant that originates from a reaction of the primary carboxylic group of a fatty acid.
• oil palm denotes a species of palm, which is also known as “ Elaeis guineensis” . It is the principal source of "palm oil”.
• Coconut tree denotes a member of the palm tree family ( Arecaceae ) and is also referred to as Cocos nucifera. It is the principal source for "coconut oil”.
• Maca ⁇ ba palm denotes a species of palm. Exemplarily species are known as “ Acrocomia aculeata” (also known as “maca ⁇ ba”, “boicaiuva”, “maca ⁇ va”, “coco-de-catarro", “coco-baboso”, and “coco-de-espinho”), " Acrocomia hassleri ", and " Acrocomia totei. Maca ⁇ ba palms can grow high, e.g. up to about 15 m. The Maca ⁇ ba fruit comprises pulp and kernel.
• pulp refers to inner flesh of a fruit.
• kernel as used herein is interchangeable with “seed” or “almond”.
• cleaning composition encompasses home care formulation, industrial care formulation, and institutional care formulation.
• Home care formulations are typically used by private costumers, whereas industrial care formulations are typically used by the industry, and institutional care formulations are typically used in e.g. clinics and nursing homes. It is however also possible that the respective formulations can be used in different areas than intended.
• the institutional care formulation may also be used by private costumers or the industry and vic verca.
• cleaning compositions are e.g. for the laundry, dishwashing, hard surface cleaning, food service and kitchen hygiene, food and beverage processing, commercial laundry, sanitation, institutional cleaning, industrial cleaning, and vehicle and transportation care.
• the term "nutrition formulation” as used herein encompasses food and feed formulations.
• the nutrition formulation can have any suitable form, e.g. liquid or solid and can be administered or uptaken in any suitable manner, e.g. orally, parenterally, or rectally.
• pharmaceutical formulation refers to any suitable pharmaceutical formulation, which may e.g. be administered in any suitable manner such as by oral, transdermal, parenteral, nasal, vaginal, or rectal application.
• suitable solid pharmaceutical formulation can be in form of tablets, suppositories, or capsules or in form of a spray.
• Suitable transdermal pharmaceutical formulations encompass patches or formulations such as sprays, lotions, creams, oils, foams, ointments, powders, or gels.
• Liquid pharmaceutical formulations are preferably administered orally, parenterally, or nasal.
• liquid as used herein also encompasses semi-solid conditions, wherein the fluid has an increased viscosity (e.g. creamy, gels, ointments).
• crop formulation encompasses pesticide formulations, fungicide formulations, and herbicide formulations.
• oil yield in tons per hectare per year is directed to the oil derived from the fruit of the plant via e.g. extraction, wherein the fruit comprises the pulp and the kernel. It refers to the oil produced per hectare. It is to be understood that the value refers to the oil yield obtained from a monoculture, wherein the plants are cultivated under standard conditions, which depend on the respective plant and are known to the skilled person. Hence, in the event that the plant is not cultivated in a monoculture (e.g. on a cattle field), the respective value for this particular cultivation may be reduced.
• oil palm has an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of about 3.8 t/ha/yr
• rapeseed has an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of about 0.8 t/ha/yr
• sunflower has an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of about 0.7 t/ha/yr
• soya has an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of about 0.6 t/ha/yr.
• the term "monoculture” as used herein denotes the practice of growing one plant, e.g. Maca ⁇ ba palm, in a field at a time. On the example of Maca ⁇ ba palm, about 500 to about 600 palms can be planted per hectare. In this connection, it is preferred that the minimum distance between the tress is about 3.5 to 4.5 meters. This number varies depending on e.g. the soil.
• agroforestry denotes a land use management system in which trees or shrubs are grown around or among other plant such as other trees or other shrubs or crops or pastureland. It is to be understood that not only one further plant can be present in agroforestry.
• Maca ⁇ ba palm e.g. about 250 to about 360 or about 325 to about 350, trees can be planted per hectare.
• suitable crops that may be planted together with Maca ⁇ ba palm are exemplarily beans, mandioca, corn, cereals, sunflower, peanut, rapeseed, soya, and mixtures thereof.
• sivopastoral denotes a land use management system in which trees and optionally forage are planted within the grazing of domesticated animals.
• trees can be planted per hectare.
• the present invention relates in one embodiment to a process of manufacturing a fatty acid-based surfactant, the process comprising the steps of
• the plant is a palm, preferably a palm of the genus Acrocomia, more preferably a Maca ⁇ ba palm, still more preferably Acrocomia hassleri , Acrocomia totei, and/or Acrocomia aculeata, and in particular Acrocomia aculeata.
• the plant is a palm and the oil is extracted from the palm pulp and/or the palm kernel.
• the plant is Maca ⁇ ba palm and the oil is extracted from the Maca ⁇ ba kernel, preferably wherein the plant is Acrocomia hassleri , Acrocomia totei, and/or Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from more preferably Acrocomia hassleri kernel, Acrocomia totei kernel , and/or Acrocomia aculeata kernel, and in particular wherein the plant is Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from Acrocomia aculeata kernel.
• plant is Maca ⁇ ba palm and the oil is extracted from the Maca ⁇ ba pulp, and in particular wherein the plant is Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from Acrocomia aculeata pulp.
• plant is Maca ⁇ ba palm and the oil is extracted from the Maca ⁇ ba pulp and kernel, and in particular wherein the plant is Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from Acrocomia aculeata pulp and kernel.
• the plant can sufficiently grow under tropical and subtropical conditions.
• the plant can sufficiently grow in regions from the 30 th parallel north to the 28 th parallel south, preferably from the 25 th parallel north to the 25 th parallel south.
• the plant sufficiently grows at a temperature range of 18 to 30 °C, more preferably of 20 to 28 °C.
• the temperature range is the average temperature over one year.
• the plant is preferably less vulnerable to temperature fluctuation.
• the process provides a reduced water demand.
• the process provides a reduction of the loss of biodiversity.
• the process provides a reduction of loss of habitats for local tribes.
• the process provides a reduction of deforestation.
• the process provides an improved recovery of degraded areas and/or springs and watersheds.
• the process provides an improved retention of moisture in the soil.
• the above-outlined reductions or improvements are compared to plants having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, preferably compared to oil palm.
• the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr is the crude oil, i.e. not further treated after the extraction from the plant.
• the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr is the filtered oil, i.e. wherein the crude oil is first filtered by any known in the art filtering systems and then used in the process.
• a suitable filtration process is e.g. press filtration.
• step a) the conversion is conducted under chemical or enzymatic conditions, preferably under chemical conditions.
• step a) involves a hydrolysis.
• Any suitable hydrolysis method can be conducted.
• the hydrolysis is preferably performed under chemical conditions, preferably in the presence of a catalyst.
• the hydrolysis is preferably performed under enzymatic conditions, preferably at a temperature of 32 to 40 °C.
• the process may further comprise partial or complete hydrogenation, wherein the double bonds of the fatty acid moieties are completely or partially removed. If the process comprises a complete hydrogenation, the fatty acid composition does not comprise unsaturated moieties.
• a side product of the hydrolysis glycerol can be provided, preferably after a refine step.
• the process further comprises the step of separating off glycerol.
• the fatty acid composition in step a) comprises at least 45 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition, of C4-C22 fatty acids, preferably C6-C20 fatty acids, more preferably C8-C18 fatty acids, even more preferably C8-C16 fatty acids or C16-C18 fatty acids, and in particular C10-C16 fatty acids.
• the fatty acid composition in step a) comprises
• the fatty acid composition in step a) comprises
• the fatty acid composition in step a) comprises
• the fatty acid composition in step a) comprises at least 85 wt.-% based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition, of C4-C22 fatty acids, preferably C10-C22 fatty acids, more preferably C12-C20 fatty acids, even more preferably C12-C20 fatty acids, and in particular C12-C18 fatty acids.
• the fatty acid composition in step a) comprises at least 10 wt.-% of C16 fatty acids and at least 75 wt.-% of C18 fatty acids, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition.
• the fatty acid composition in step a) comprises 10 to 25 wt.-% of C16 fatty acids and 75 to 90 wt.-% of C18 fatty acids, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition.
• the fatty acid composition in step a) comprises at least 80 wt.-%, preferably at least 90 wt.-%, and in particular at least 95 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition, of C12-14 fatty acids.
• the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 80 wt.-%, preferably at least 90 wt.-%, and in particular at least 95 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition, of C12-18 fatty acids.
• the fatty acid composition in step a) comprises at least 2 wt.-% of C10 fatty acids, at least 35 wt.-% of C12 fatty acids, at least 5 wt.-% of C14 fatty acids, and at least 4 wt.-% of C16 fatty acids, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition.
• the fatty acid composition in step a) comprises 3 to 7 wt.-% of C8 fatty acids, 2 to 6 wt.-% of C10 fatty acids, 35 to 45 wt.-% of C12 fatty acids, 5 to 13 wt.-% of C14 fatty acids, and 4 to 10 wt.-% of C16 fatty acids, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition.
• the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90 wt.-% of C8 fatty acids, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition.
• the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90 wt.-% of C10 fatty acids, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition.
• the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90 wt.-% of C12 fatty acids, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition.
• the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90 wt.-% of C14 fatty acids, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition.
• the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90 wt.-% of C16 fatty acids, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition.
• the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90 wt.-% of C18 fatty acids, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition.
• the plant has an oil yield in tons per hectare per year in the range of at least 7 t/ha/yr, preferably at least 8 t/ha/yr.
• the plant has an oil yield in tons per hectare per year in the range of 6 to 30 t/ha/yr, preferably 7 to 20 t/ha/yr, more preferably of 8 to 15 t/ha/yr or of 8 to 12 t/ha/yr or of 8 to 11 t/ha/yr.
• the fatty acid-based surfactant provided in step d) is selected from the group consisting of sulfonates, amides, isethionates, taurates, glycolipids, amino acids, esterquats, sophorolipids, rhamnolipids, and amphoacetates.
• the fatty acid-based surfactant provided in step d) is an alpha-sulfo fatty acid disalts (A) of the general formula (I), R1CH(SO3M1)COOM2 (I) in which the radical R1 is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical with 6 to 16 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and the radicals M1 and M2 - independently of one another - are selected from the group H, Li, Na, K, Ca/2, Mg/2, ammonium and alkanolamine such as triethanolammonium.
• A alpha-sulfo fatty acid disalts
• R1 is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical with 6 to 16 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms
• the radicals M1 and M2 - independently of one another - are selected from the group H, Li, Na, K, Ca/2, Mg/2, ammonium and alkanolamine such as
• the fatty acid-based surfactant provided in step d) is an ester sulfonates (B) of the general formula (II), R2CH(SO3M7)COOR3 (II) in which the radical R2 is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical with 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and the radical R3 is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, where the radical R3 can be an alkenyl radical or be branched only above 3 carbon atoms, and the radical M7 is selected from the group Li, Na, K, Ca/2, Mg/2, ammonium and alkanolamines such as triethanolammonium.
• R2 is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical with 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms
• the radical R3 is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical with
• Fatty acid-derived sulfonates are accessible via any suitable known in the art method.
• the fatty acid-based surfactant provided in step d) is an amide selected from the group consisting of secondary amides, ternary amides, (methyl)glucamides and alkanolamides.
• Fatty acid-derived amides are accessible via any suitable known in the art method.
• Suitable secondary and ternary amides can be expressed by the general formula (IIIa) R-CO-NR10R11 (IIIa), wherein R is saturated or unsaturated C4-C22-alkyl, preferably C6-C20-alkyl, and in particular C12-C14-alkyl, and R10 and R11 are independently H, C1-C4-alkyl,or C1-C8-alkylene-NR12R12', wherein R12 and R12' are independently C1-C4-alkyl.
• the secondary amide has the general formula (Ilia) R-CO-NR10R11 (IIIa), wherein R is saturated or unsaturated C12-C22-alkyl, preferably C12-C14-alkyl or C15-C19-alkyl, R10 is H and R11 is C2-C4-alkylene-NR12R12', wherein R12 and R12' are independently C1-C3-alkyl.
• Suitable (methyl)glucamides can be expressed by the general formula (III) R-CO-NR4CH2(CHOH)4CH2OH (III), wherein R is saturated or unsaturated C4-C22-alkyl, preferably C6-C20-alkyl, and in particular C12-C14-alkyl or C14-C16-alkyl, and R4 is H or methyl.
• the alkanolamine is selected from the group of compounds of general formulae (IVa), (IVb), and (IVc), R13-CO-NR14R15 (IVa) R13-CO-NR14R16 (IVb) R13-CO-NR14R17 (IVc) wherein R13 in compounds (IVa) is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and R14 and R15, independently of each other, are a linear or branched hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
• Suitable isethionates can be expressed by the general formula (V) R-CO-O-CR5R6-CR7R8-SO3K (V), wherein R is saturated or unsaturated C4-C22-alkyl, preferably C6-C20-alkyl, and in particular C12-C14-alkyl, R5 to R8 are independently H or C1-C4-alkyl, preferably H, and K is an optionally substituted ammonium (such as ammonium or triethanolamine) cation, alkali metal (such as sodium or potassium).
• V R-CO-O-CR5R6-CR7R8-SO3K
• Suitable taurates can be expressed by the general formula (VI) R-CO-NR9-CR5R6-CR7R8-SO3K (VI), wherein R is saturated or unsaturated C4-C22-alkyl, preferably C6-C20-alkyl, and in particular C12-C14-alkyl, R5 to R8 are independently H or C1-C4-alkyl, preferably H, R9 is H or methyl, and K is an optionally substituted ammonium (such as ammonium or triethanolamine) cation, alkali metal (such as sodium or potassium).
• Fatty acid-derived taurates are accessible via any suitable known in the art method.
• Suitable glycolipids can be expressed by the formula (VII) R-CO-O-L (VII), wherein R is saturated or unsaturated C4-C22-alkyl, preferably C6-C20-alkyl, and in particular C12-C14-alkyl, L is a carbohydrate moiety, connected via the C1 carbon atom (i.e. by a glycosidic bond).
• L is a galactose moiety or a glucose moiety, and in particular a glucose moiety.
• Fatty acid-derived glycolipids are accessible via any suitable known in the art method.
• Suitable amino acids can be expressed by the formula (VIII) R-CO-NH-C(CO2H)-R18 (VIII), wherein R is saturated or unsaturated C4-C22-alkyl, preferably C6-C20-alkyl, and in particular C12-C14-alkyl, and R18 is an amino acid moiety, which is bond via the amino group adjutant to the carboxylic group (i.e. the alpha amino group), to the carboxylic group of the fatty acid.
• R18 is C1-C6-alkyl or heteroaryl wherein each substitutable carbon in the aforementioned groups is independently unsubstituted or substituted with one or more, same or different substituents Rx, wherein Rx is halogen, SH, SMe, (CO)Ry, OH, NHCNHNH2, heteroaryl, aryl, or C 1 -C 2 -alkyl, wherein Ry is H, OH, or NH2.
• Rx is halogen, SH, SMe, (CO)Ry, OH, NHCNHNH2, heteroaryl, aryl, or C 1 -C 2 -alkyl, wherein Ry is H, OH, or NH2.
• Fatty acid-derived amino acids are accessible via any suitable known in the art method.
• Suitable esterquats can be expressed by the general formula (IX) R-CO-O-(CH2)n-N(+)R19R20R21 R22(-) (IX) wherein R is saturated or unsaturated C4-C22-alkyl, preferably C6-C20-alkyl, and in particular C12-C14-alkyl, n is an integer of 1 to 10, preferably of 1 to 5, (+) denotes a positive charge on the nitrogen, (-) denotes a negative charge on R22, R19 is C1-C6-alkyl or C1-C6-hydroxyalkyl, preferably C1-C3-alkyl or C1-C3-hdroxyalkyl, R20 is C1-C6-alkyl or C1-C6-hydroxyalkyl, preferably C1-C3-alkyl or C1-C3-hdroxyalkyl, R21 is -(CH2)m-O-CO-R23, wherein
• Suitable sophorolipids are glycolipids having a hydrophobic fatty acid tail of C14-, C16-, or C18-alkyl and a hydrophilic carbohydrate head sophorose, a glucose-derived di-saccharide with an unusual ⁇ -1,2 bond and can be acetylated on the 6'- and/or 6"- positions and wherein one terminal or sub terminal hydroxylated fatty acid is ⁇ -glycosidically linked to the sophorose module.
• the carboxylic end of this fatty acid is either free (acidic or open form) or internally esterified at the 4" or in some rare cases at the 6'- or 6"-position (lactonic form). Sophorolipids are accessible via any suitable known in the art method.
• Suitable rhamnolipids are glycolipids having a glycosyl head group, i.e. a rhamnose moiety, and a 3-(hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acid (HAA) fatty acid tail, such as 3-hydroxydecanoic acid.
• the fatty acid moiety encompasses 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and in particular 12 to 14 carbon atoms.
• the present invention relates to the mono-rhamnolipids and the di-rhamnolipids, which comprise one or two of the rhamnose groups respectively.
• the rhamnose groups in the di-rhamnolipids are connected via a 1,2-glycosidic bond.
• Rhamnolipids are accessible via any suitable known in the art method, preferably via Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
• Suitable amphoacetates can be expressed by the general formula (X) R-CO-NH-(CH2)i-N-R24R25 (X), wherein R is saturated or unsaturated C4-C22-alkyl, preferably C6-C20-alkyl, and in particular C12-C14-alkyl, i is an integer of 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 4, R24 is C1-C5-alkyl or C1-C5-hydroxyalkyl, preferably C1-C4-hydroxyalkyl, and R25 is C1-C4-alkylene-R26, preferably C1-C2-alkylene-R26, wherein R26 is CO-O(-)U(+), wherein (-) denotes a negative charge on the oxygen, (+) denotes a positive charge U, and U is a suitable counter ion, such as triethanolammonium, Na+, K+ or NH4+, preferably sodium. Amphoacetates are accessible via any suitable known in the art method
• step a) further comprises the step a.i) blending the fatty acid composition obtained from the oil extracted from the plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr (preferably of 6 to 30 t/ha/yr, more preferably 7 to 20 t/ha/yr, even more preferably of 8 to 15 t/ha/yr or of 8 to 12 t/ha/y r or of 8 to 11 t/ha/yr) with a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, preferably of less than 5 t/ha/yr, more preferably of less than 4.5 t/ha/yr.
• 6 t/ha/yr preferably of 6 to 30 t/ha/yr, more preferably 7 to 20 t/ha/yr, even more preferably of 8 to 15 t/ha/yr or of 8 to 12 t/ha/y r or of 8 to
• the fatty acid composition as above-disclosed applied in step a) is first blended with a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of 0.1 to less than 6 t/ha/yr, preferably of 0.3 to 5 t/ha/yr, more preferably of 0.5 to 4.5 t/ha/yr.
• the fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO), and/or palm kernel oil (PKO).
• the fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr is derived from soy oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, and/or rapeseed oil.
• the fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO), palm kernel oil (PKO), soy oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, and/or rapeseed oil.
• the fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), and/or palm kernel oil (PKO).
• the fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr is derived from palm oil (PO) and/or palm kernel oil (PKO).
• step a) further comprises the step a.i) blending the fatty acid composition obtained from the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from Maca ⁇ ba kernel, with a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from palm kernel oil (PKO).
• PKO palm kernel oil
• step a) further comprises the step a.i) blending the fatty acid composition obtained from the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from Maca ⁇ ba kernel, with a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from coconut oil (CNO).
• CNO coconut oil
• step a) further comprises the step a.i) blending the fatty acid composition obtained from the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from Maca ⁇ ba kernel, with a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from palm kernel oil (PKO) and coconut oil (CNO).
• PKO palm kernel oil
• CNO coconut oil
• step a) further comprises the step a.i) blending the fatty acid composition obtained from the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from Maca ⁇ ba pulp, with a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from palm oil (PO).
• a.i) blending the fatty acid composition obtained from the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from Maca ⁇ ba pulp, with a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from palm oil (PO).
• the process comprises a step prior to step a), i.e. step x) blending the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr with an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, preferably of less than 5 t/ha/yr, more preferably of less than 4.5 t/ha/yr.
• the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr (preferably of 6 to 30 t/ha/yr, more preferably 7 to 20 t/ha/yr, even more preferably of 8 to 15 t/ha/yr or of 8 to 12 t/ha/y r or of 8 to 11 t/ha/yr) as above-disclosed applied in step a) is first blended with an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of 0.1 to less than 6 t/ha/yr, preferably of 0.3 to 5 t/ha/yr, more preferably of 0.5 to 4.5 t/ha/yr.
• the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO), and/or palm kernel oil (PKO).
• the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr is derived from soy oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, and/or rapeseed oil.
• the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO), palm kernel oil (PKO), soy oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, and/or rapeseed oil.
• the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), and/or palm kernel oil (PKO).
• the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr is derived from palm oil (PO) and/or palm kernel oil (PKO).
• the process comprises a step prior to step a), i.e. step x) blending the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from Maca ⁇ ba kernel, with an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from palm kernel oil (PKO).
• step x blending the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from Maca ⁇ ba kernel, with an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from palm kernel oil (PKO).
• the process comprises a step prior to step a), i.e. step x) blending the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from Maca ⁇ ba kernel, with an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from coconut oil (CNO).
• step x blending the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from Maca ⁇ ba kernel, with an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from coconut oil (CNO).
• the process comprises a step prior to step a), i.e. step x) blending the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from Maca ⁇ ba kernel, with an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from palm kernel oil (PKO) and coconut oil (CNO).
• step x blending the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from Maca ⁇ ba kernel, with an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from palm kernel oil (PKO) and coconut oil (CNO).
• the process comprises a step prior to step a), i.e. step x) blending the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from Maca ⁇ ba pulp, with an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from palm oil (PO).
• step x blending the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from Maca ⁇ ba pulp, with an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from palm oil (PO).
• step b) is conducted by distillation.
• the respective fatty acids are separated via fractionation of the fatty acid composition.
• suitable processes such as distillation.
• the alcohols are separated via fractional distillation.
• the fractional distillation system is designed as add-on unit operations to produce high purity of single alcohol cuts.
• the single or two tower systems are preferably fitted with high performance structured packings for minimal pressure drop and highest product quality.
• the process comprises a step b.i), which is downstream to step b) b.i) blending the separated fatty acid obtained in step b) with a fatty acid obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, preferably of less than 5 t/ha/yr, more preferably of less than 4.5 t/ha/yr.
• the fatty acid as above-disclosed obtained in step b) is first blended with a fatty acid obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of 0.1 to less than 6 t/ha/yr, preferably of 0.3 to 5 t/ha/yr, more preferably of 0.5 to 4.5 t/ha/yr.
• the fatty acid obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO), and/or palm kernel oil (PKO).
• the fatty acid obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr is derived from soy oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, and/or rapeseed oil.
• the fatty acid obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO), palm kernel oil (PKO), soy oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, and/or rapeseed oil.
• the fatty acid obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), and/or palm kernel oil (PKO).
• the fatty acid obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr is derived from palm oil (PO) and/or palm kernel oil (PKO).
• the fatty acid obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr is preferably equal to the fatty acid obtained in step b).
• step b) provides a specific fatty acid, e.g. lauric acid
• the additional fatty acid blended into the mixture is also the specific fatty acid, e.g. lauric acid (however obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr).
• the process comprises a step b.i), which is downstream to step b) b.i) blending the separated fatty acid obtained in step b) obtained from an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from Maca ⁇ ba kernel, with a fatty acid obtained from a plant having an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from palm kernel oil (PKO).
• PKO palm kernel oil
• the process comprises a step b.i), which is downstream to step b) b.i) blending the separated fatty acid obtained in step b) obtained from an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from Maca ⁇ ba kernel, with a fatty acid obtained from a plant having an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from coconut oil (CNO).
• CNO coconut oil
• the process comprises a step b.i), which is downstream to step b) b.i) blending the separated fatty acid obtained in step b) obtained from an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from Maca ⁇ ba kernel, with a fatty acid obtained from a plant having an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from palm kernel oil (PKO) and coconut oil (CNO).
• PKO palm kernel oil
• CNO coconut oil
• the process comprises a step b.i), which is downstream to step b) b.i) blending the separated fatty acid obtained in step b) obtained from an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from Maca ⁇ ba pulp, with a fatty acid obtained from a plant having an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from palm oil (PO).
• a step b.i) which is downstream to step b) b.i) blending the separated fatty acid obtained in step b) obtained from an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from Maca ⁇ ba pulp, with a fatty acid obtained from a plant having an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr
• the process further comprises the step c) blending at least two of the separated fatty acids, preferably lauric acid and myristic acid.
• the process further comprises the step c) blending at least three of the separated fatty acids.
• the fatty acid-based surfactant obtained in step d) is blended with fatty acid-based surfactants obtained from a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, preferably of less than 5 t/ha/yr, more preferably of less than 4.5 t/ha/yr, and a subsequent conversion into the respective fatty acid-based surfactant.
• the subsequent conversion preferably provide a fatty acid-based surfactant, which is equal to the fatty acid-based surfactant obtained in step d).
• step d) provides a specific fatty acid-based isethionate
• the additional fatty acid-based surfactant blended into the mixture is also the specific fatty acid-based isethionate (however obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr).
• the fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO), and/or palm kernel oil (PKO).
• the fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr is derived from soy oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, and/or rapeseed oil.
• the fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO), palm kernel oil (PKO), soy oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, and/or rapeseed oil.
• the fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), and/or palm kernel oil (PKO).
• the fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr is derived from palm oil (PO) and/or palm kernel oil (PKO).
• the fatty acid-based surfactant obtained in step d) obtained from an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from Maca ⁇ ba kernel is blended with a fatty acid-based surfactant from a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from palm kernel oil (PKO).
• PKO palm kernel oil
• the fatty acid-based surfactant obtained in step d) obtained from an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from Maca ⁇ ba kernel is blended with a fatty acid-based surfactant from a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from coconut oil (CNO).
• CNO coconut oil
• the fatty acid-based surfactant obtained in step d) obtained from an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from Maca ⁇ ba kernel is blended with a fatty acid-based surfactant from a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from palm kernel oil (PKO) and coconut oil (CNO).
• PKO palm kernel oil
• CNO coconut oil
• the fatty acid-based surfactant obtained in step d) obtained from an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from Maca ⁇ ba pulp is blended with a fatty acid-based surfactant from a fatty acid composition obtained from a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of less than 6 t/ha/yr, which is derived from palm oil (PO).
• the process further comprises the steps
• the process further comprises the steps
• the process further comprises the step of e) isolating a C12 fatty acid-based surfactant and/or a C14 fatty acid-based surfactant.
• the present invention further relates to a fatty acid-based surfactant and blends thereof obtained by the above-outlined process.
• the fatty acid-based surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sulfonates, amides, isethionates, taurates, glycolipids, amino acids, esterquats, sophorolipids, rhamnolipids, and amphoacetates.
• the fatty acid-based surfactant is an alpha-sulfo fatty acid disalts (A) of the general formula (I), R1CH(SO3M1)COOM2 (I) in which the radical R1 is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical with 6 to 16 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and the radicals M1 and M2 - independently of one another - are selected from the group H, Li, Na, K, Ca/2, Mg/2, ammonium and alkanolamine such as triethanolammonium.
• A alpha-sulfo fatty acid disalts
• R1 is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical with 6 to 16 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms
• the radicals M1 and M2 - independently of one another - are selected from the group H, Li, Na, K, Ca/2, Mg/2, ammonium and alkanolamine such as triethanolammonium.
• the fatty acid-based surfactant is an ester sulfonates (B) of the general formula (II), R2CH(SO3M7)COOR3 (II) in which the radical R2 is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical with 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and the radical R3 is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, where the radical R3 can be an alkenyl radical or be branched only above 3 carbon atoms, and the radical M7 is selected from the group Li, Na, K, Ca/2, Mg/2, ammonium and
• the fatty acid-based surfactant is an amide selected from the group consisting of secondary amides, ternary amides, (methyl)glucamides, and alkanolamides.
• Suitable secondary and ternary amides can be expressed by the general formula (IIIa) R-CO-NR10R11 (IIIa), wherein R is saturated or unsaturated C4-C22-alkyl, preferably C6-C20-alkyl, and in particular C12-C14-alkyl, and R10 and R11 are independently H, C1-C4-alkyl,or C1-C8-alkylene-NR12R12', wherein R12 and R12' are independently C1-C4-alkyl.
• the secondary amide has the general formula (Ilia) R-CO-NR10R11 (IIIa), wherein R is saturated or unsaturated C12-C22-alkyl, preferably C12-C14-alkyl or C15-C19-alkyl, R10 is H and R11 is C2-C4-alkylene-NR12R12', wherein R12 and R12' are independently C1-C3-alkyl.
• Suitable (methyl)glucamides can be expressed by the general formula (III) R-CO-NR4CH2(CHOH)4CH2OH (III), wherein R is saturated or unsaturated C4-C22-alkyl, preferably C6-C20-alkyl, and in particular C12-C14-alkylor C14-C16-alkyl, and R4 is H or methyl.
• the alkanolamine is selected from the group of compounds of general formulae (IVa), (IVb), and (IVc), R13-CO-NR14R15 (IVa) R13-CO-NR14R16 (IVb) R13-CO-NR14R17 (IVc) wherein R13 in compounds (IVa) is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and R14 and R15, independently of each other, are a linear or branched hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
• Suitable isethionates can be expressed by the general formula (V) R-CO-O-CR5R6-CR7R8-SO3K (V), wherein R is saturated or unsaturated C4-C22-alkyl, preferably C6-C20-alkyl, and in particular C12-C14-alkyl, R5 to R8 are independently H or C1-C4-alkyl, preferably H, and K is an optionally substituted ammonium (such as ammonium or triethanolamine) cation, alkali metal (such as sodium or potassium).
• V R-CO-O-CR5R6-CR7R8-SO3K
• Suitable taurates can be expressed by the general formula (VI) R-CO-NR9-CR5R6-CR7R8-SO3K (VI), wherein R is saturated or unsaturated C4-C22-alkyl, preferably C6-C20-alkyl, and in particular C12-C14-alkyl, R5 to R8 are independently H or C1-C4-alkyl, preferably H, R9 is H or methyl, and K is an optionally substituted ammonium (such as ammonium or triethanolamine) cation, alkali metal (such as sodium or potassium).
• Suitable glycolipids can be expressed by the formula (VII) R-CO-O-L (VII), wherein R is saturated or unsaturated C4-C22-alkyl, preferably C6-C20-alkyl, and in particular C12-C14-alkyl, L is a carbohydrate moiety, connected via the C1 carbon atom (i.e. by a glycosidic bond).
• L is a galactose moiety or a glucose moiety, and in particular a glucose moiety.
• Suitable amino acids can be expressed by the formula (VIII) R-CO-NH-C(CO2H)-R18 (VIII), wherein R is saturated or unsaturated C4-C22-alkyl, preferably C6-C20-alkyl, and in particular C12-C14-alkyl, and R18 is an amino acid moiety, which is bond via the amino group adjutant to the carboxylic group (i.e. the alpha amino group), to the carboxylic group of the fatty acid.
• R18 is C1-C6-alkyl or heteroaryl wherein each substitutable carbon in the aforementioned groups is independently unsubstituted or substituted with one or more, same or different substituents Rx, wherein Rx is halogen, SH, SMe, (CO)Ry, OH, NHCNHNH2, heteroaryl, aryl, or C 1 -C 2 -alkyl, wherein Ry is H, OH, or NH2.
• Suitable esterquats can be expressed by the general formula (IX) R-CO-O-(CH2)n-N(+)R19R20R21 R22(-) (IX) wherein R is saturated or unsaturated C4-C22-alkyl, preferably C6-C20-alkyl, and in particular C12-C14-alkyl, n is an integer of 1 to 10, preferably of 1 to 5, (+) denotes a positive charge on the nitrogen, (-) denotes a negative charge on R22, R19 is C1-C6-alkyl or C1-C6-hydroxyalkyl, preferably C1-C3-alkyl or C1-C3-hdroxyalkyl, R20 is C1-C6-alkyl or C1-C6-hydroxyalkyl, preferably C1-C3-alkyl or C1-C3-hdroxyalkyl, R21 is -(CH2)m-O-CO-R23, wherein
• Suitable sophorolipids are glycolipids having a hydrophobic fatty acid tail of C14-, C16-, or C18-alkyl and a hydrophilic carbohydrate head sophorose, a glucose-derived di-saccharide with an unusual ⁇ -1,2 bond and can be acetylated on the 6'- and/or 6"- positions and wherein one terminal or sub terminal hydroxylated fatty acid is ⁇ -glycosidically linked to the sophorose module.
• the carboxylic end of this fatty acid is either free (acidic or open form) or internally esterified at the 4" or in some rare cases at the 6'- or 6"-position (lactonic form).
• Suitable rhamnolipids are glycolipids having a glycosyl head group, i.e. a rhamnose moiety, and a 3-(hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acid (HAA) fatty acid tail, such as 3-hydroxydecanoic acid.
• the fatty acid moiety encompasses 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and in particular 12 to 14 carbon atoms.
• the present invention relates to the mono-rhamnolipids and the di-rhamnolipids, which comprise one or two of the rhamnose groups respectively.
• the rhamnose groups in the di-rhamnolipids are connected via a 1,2-glycosidic bond.
• Suitable amphoacetates can be expressed by the general formula (X) R-CO-NH-(CH2)i-N-R24R25 (X), wherein R is saturated or unsaturated C4-C22-alkyl, preferably C6-C20-alkyl, and in particular C12-C14-alkyl, i is an integer of 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 4, R24 is C1-C5-alkyl or C1-C5-hydroxyalkyl, preferably C1-C4-hydroxyalkyl, and R25 is C1-C4-alkylene-R26, preferably C1-C2-alkylene-R26, wherein R26 is CO-O(-)U(+), wherein (-) denotes a negative charge on the oxygen, (+) denotes a positive charge U, and U is a suitable counter ion, such as triethanolammonium, Na+, K+ or NH4+, preferably sodium.
• R is saturated or unsaturated C4-C22-
• the present invention further relates to a fatty acid-based surfactant obtained from the fruits of a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr, wherein the oil obtained from the plant is converted into a fatty acid composition, which is then converted into the fatty acid-based surfactant.
• the plant is a palm, preferably a palm of the genus Acrocomia, more preferably a Maca ⁇ ba palm, still more preferably Acrocomia hassleri , Acrocomia totei, and/or Acrocomia aculeata, and in particular Acrocomia aculeata and/or wherein the oil is obtained by extraction of the fruits, preferably wherein the plant is a palm and the oil is extracted from the palm pulp and/or the palm kernel, more preferably wherein the plant is Maca ⁇ ba palm and the oil is extracted from the Maca ⁇ ba kernel, still more preferably wherein the plant is Acrocomia hassleri , Acrocomia totei, and/or Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from more preferably Acrocomia hassleri kernel, Acrocomia totei kernel, and/or Acrocomia aculeata kernel, and in particular wherein the plant is Acrocom
• the fatty acid composition comprises
• the fatty acid composition comprises
• the fatty acid composition comprises
• the fatty acid composition comprises at least 85 wt.-% based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition, of C4-C22 fatty acids, preferably C10-C22 fatty acids, more preferably C12-C20 fatty acids, even more preferably C12-C20 fatty acids, and in particular C12-C18 fatty acids.
• the fatty acid composition comprises at least 10 wt.-% of C16 fatty acids and at least 75 wt.-% of C18 fatty acids, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition.
• the fatty acid composition comprises 10 to 25 wt.-% of C16 fatty acids and 75 to 90 wt.-% of C18 fatty acids, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition.
• the fatty acid composition comprises at least 80 wt.-%, preferably at least 90 wt.-%, and in particular at least 95 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition, of C12-14 fatty acids.
• the fatty alcohol composition comprises at least 80 wt.-%, preferably at least 90 wt.-%, and in particular at least 95 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol composition, of C12-18 fatty acids.
• the fatty acid composition comprises at least 2 wt.-% of C10 fatty acids, at least 35 wt.-% of C12 fatty acids, at least 5 wt.-% of C14 fatty acids, and at least 4 wt.-% of C16 fatty acids, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition.
• the fatty acid composition comprises 3 to 7 wt.-% of C8 fatty acids, 2 to 6 wt.-% of C10 fatty acids, 35 to 45 wt.-% of C12 fatty acids, 5 to 13 wt.-% of C14 fatty acids, and 4 to 10 wt.-% of C16 fatty acids, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition.
• the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90 wt.-% of C8 fatty acids, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition.
• the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90 wt.-% of C10 fatty acids, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition.
• the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90 wt.-% of C12 fatty acids, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition.
• the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90 wt.-% of C14 fatty acids, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition.
• the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90 wt.-% of C16 fatty acids, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition.
• the fatty acid composition comprises at least 90 wt.-% of C18 fatty acids, based on the total weight of the fatty acid composition.
• the present invention further relates to the use of a fatty acid composition obtained from the fruits of a plant having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of at least 6 t/ha/yr for manufacturing a fatty acid-based surfactant.
• Preferred embodiments e.g. regarding the fatty acid composition, the plant, and the fatty acid-based surfactant are already above-outlined in the process of manufacturing a fatty acid-based surfactant and shall apply for the use, as well. Particular preferred embodiment are mentioned in the following.
• the plant is a palm, preferably a palm of the genus Acrocomia, more preferably a Maca ⁇ ba palm, still more preferably Acrocomia hassleri , Acrocomia totei, and/or Acrocomia aculeata, and in particular Acrocomia aculeata and/or wherein the oil is obtained by extraction of the fruits, preferably wherein the plant is a palm and the oil is extracted from the palm pulp and/or the palm kernel, more preferably wherein the plant is Maca ⁇ ba palm and the oil is extracted from the Maca ⁇ ba kernel, still more preferably wherein the plant is Acrocomia hassleri , Acrocomia totei, and/or Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from more preferably Acrocomia hassleri kernel, Acrocomia totei kernel, and/or Acrocomia aculeata kernel, and in particular wherein the plant is Acrocom
• the present further invention relates to the use of the above-outlined fatty acid-based surfactant in a personal care composition, a cleaning composition, a nutrition formulation, a pharmaceutical formulation, or a crops formulation.
• the above-outlined surfactants are used in a personal care composition, preferably selected from the group consisting of face care composition, hair care composition, body care composition, oral care composition, or antiperspirants and deodorants.
• Suitable cosmetic formulations containing active ingredients are, e.g., hormone preparations, vitamin preparations, vegetable extract preparations and antibacterial preparations.
• the personal care composition may comprise one or more active agent(s), e.g., organic and inorganic UV filters and vitamins, as well as other ingredients or additives, e.g., pigments, emulsifiers, emollients, viscosity regulators, stabilizers, preservatives, or fragrances.
• active agent(s) e.g., organic and inorganic UV filters and vitamins
• other ingredients or additives e.g., pigments, emulsifiers, emollients, viscosity regulators, stabilizers, preservatives, or fragrances.
• the above-outlined surfactants are used in a sunscreen.
• the above-outlined surfactants are used in a decorative preparations, preferably selected from the group consisting of lipsticks, nail varnishes, eye shadows, mascaras, dry and moist make-up, rouge, powders, depilatory agents and suntan lotions.
• the personal care composition is preferably in form of creams, ointments, pastes, foams, gels, lotions, powders, make-ups, sprays, sticks or aerosols.
• the surfactant is used to control the metal ions, improve the dispersing, improve the emulsifying, control the foaming, modify the surface, and/or protect the active agent(s).
• the above-outlined surfactants are used in a cleaning composition, preferably selected from the group consisting of home care formulation, industrial care formulation, and institutional care formulation.
• the cleaning composition is selected from the group consisting of laundry composition (personal and commercial), dishwashing composition, hard surface cleaning composition, food service and kitchen hygiene composition, food and beverage processing composition, sanitation composition, institutional cleaning composition, industrial cleaning composition, and vehicle and transportation care composition.
• the cleaning composition may comprise at least one bleaching system known in the art in an amount of from 0 to 50 wt.-%.
• Suitable bleaching components include bleaching catalysts, photobleaches, bleach activators, sources of hydrogen peroxide such as sodium percarbonate and sodium perborates, preformed peracids, and mixtures thereof.
• the cleaning compositions may furthermore comprise dirt-suspending agents, for example sodium carboxymethylcellulose; pH regulators, for example alkali metal or alkaline earth metal silicates; bactericides; foam regulators, for example soap; salts for adjusting the spray drying and the granulating properties, for example sodium sulfate; fragrances; antistatic agents; fabric conditioners; further bleaching agents; pigments; and/or toning agents.
• dirt-suspending agents for example sodium carboxymethylcellulose
• pH regulators for example alkali metal or alkaline earth metal silicates
• bactericides for example soap
• salts for adjusting the spray drying and the granulating properties for example sodium sulfate
• fragrances for example sodium sulfate
• antistatic agents for example sodium sulfate
• fabric conditioners further bleaching agents
• pigments for example sodium suspending agents
• pigments for example sodium carboxymethylcellulose
• toning agents for example sodium carboxymethylcellulose
• toning agents for
• the surfactant is used to control the metal ions, improve the dispersing, improve the emulsifying, control the foaming, modify the surface, and/or protect the ingredient(s).
• the above-outlined surfactants are used in a nutrition formulation, preferably from the group selected from food formulations and feed formulations.
• the nutrition formulation can have any suitable form, e.g. liquid or solid and can be administered or uptaken in any suitable manner, e.g. orally, parenterally, or rectally.
• the process may comprise mixing a stabilized solid and/or liquid formulation comprising at least one or more food substance(s) and at least one additional ingredient(s) such as stabilizing agent.
• Suitable stabilizing agents may be selected from the group consisting of gummi arabicum, at least one plant protein and mixtures thereof. It is understood that the stabilizing agent can be selected from one agent, e.g. only gummi arabicum or be composed of a mixture of e.g. one plant protein and gummi arabicum or a mixture of two or three or more different plant proteins. In one embodiment, the stabilizing agent is gummi arabicum. In another embodiment, the stabilizing agent is at least one plant protein.
• the surfactant is used to control the metal ions, improve the dispersing, improve the emulsifying, control the foaming, modify the surface, and/or protect the ingredient(s).
• the above-outlined surfactants are used in pharmaceutical formulation.
• the pharmaceutical formulation may be administered in any suitable manner such as by oral, transdermal, parenteral, nasal, vaginal, or rectal application.
• Suitable solid pharmaceutical formulation can be in form of tablets, suppositories, or capsules or in form of a spray.
• Suitable transdermal pharmaceutical formulations encompass patches or formulations such as sprays, lotions, creams, oils, foams, ointments, powders, or gels.
• Suitable liquid pharmaceutical formulations are preferably administered orally, parenterally, or nasal.
• the pharmaceutical formulation is preferably in solid, semi-solid, or liquid form, preferably in form of tablets, suppositories, capsules, patches, as sprays, lotions, creams, oils, foams, ointments, powders, gels, or fluid.
• the pharmaceutical formulation comprises at least one active agent, e.g. selected from the group consisting of anti-cancer agent, hormone, antiviral agent, antifungal agent, antibacterial agent, and inhibitor.
• active agent e.g. selected from the group consisting of anti-cancer agent, hormone, antiviral agent, antifungal agent, antibacterial agent, and inhibitor.
• the surfactant is used to control the metal ions, improve the dispersing, improve the emulsifying, control the foaming, modify the surface, and/or protect the active agent(s).
• the above-outlined surfactants are used in crop formulation, preferably selected from the group consisting of pesticide formulations, fungicide formulations, and herbicide formulations.
• the crop formulation is preferably in solid, semi-solid, or liquid form.
• the crop formulation is suitable for a ready to use spray.
• the pesticide formulation comprises a pesticide selected from the group consisting of chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, imazalil, DDT, toxaphene, lindane, methoxychlor, dieldrin, kelthane, chlordane, Perthane, endrin, aldrin, and heptachlor.
• the fungicide formulation comprises a fungicide selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, fluoxastrobin, trifloxystrobin, picoxystrobin, epoxiconazole, prothioconazole, myclobutanil, tebuconazole, propiconazole, cyproconazole, fenbuconazole, boscalid, penthiopyrad, bixafen, isopyrazam, sedaxane, fluopyram, and thifluzamide.
• azoxystrobin pyraclostrobin
• fluoxastrobin trifloxystrobin
• picoxystrobin epoxiconazole
• prothioconazole prothioconazole
• myclobutanil tebuconazole
• propiconazole propiconazole
• cyproconazole fenbuconazole
• boscalid penthiopyrad
• the herbicide formulation comprises a herbicide selected from the group consisting of glyphosate, glufosinate, imidazolinone (such as imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic (e.g. Kifix), imazapyr, imazaquin and imazethapyr), and cyclohexanediones (such as tepraloxydim and clethodim).
• glyphosate such as imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic (e.g. Kifix), imazapyr, imazaquin and imazethapyr
• cyclohexanediones such as tepraloxydim and clethodim.
• Suitable herbicide formulation show enhanced herbicide action against undesirable harmful plants, in particular against Acalypha species such as Acalypha indica , Dinebra species such as Dinebra Arabica, Cynotis spec such as Cynotis axillaris, Parthenium spec such as Parthenium hysterophorus, Physalis spec such as Physalis minima, Digera spec such as Digera arvensis, Alopecurus myosuroides , Apera spicaventi , Brachiaria spec. such as Brachiaria deflexa or Brachiaria plantaginea , Echinochioa spec. such as Echinochioa colonum, Leptochioa spec.
• Acalypha species such as Acalypha indica
• Dinebra species such as Dinebra Arabica
• Cynotis spec such as Cynotis axillaris
• Parthenium spec such as Parthenium hysterophorus
• Lolium spec. Phalaris spec., Setaria spec., Digitaria spec., brachiaria spec., Amaranthus spec., Chenopodium spec., Abutilon theophrasti , Galium aparine , Veronica spec., or Solanum spec.
• crop plants such as soybean, peanut, pea, bean, lentil, green gram, black gram, cluster bean, fenugreek, palm, other pulse or leguminous crops, or crops which are tolerant to the action of acetohydroxyacid synthase inhibiting herbicides, such as for example Clearfield@ wheat, Clearfield@ barley, Clearfield ® corn, Clearfield@ lentil, Clearfield ® oilseed rape or canola, Clearfield@ rice, Cultivance ® soybean and/or Clearfield@ sunflower.
• the formulation should also have a good pre-emergence herbicidal activity.
• the surfactant is used to control the metal ions, improve the dispersing, improve the emulsifying, control the foaming, modify the surface, and/or protect the crop.
• the personal care composition, the cleaning composition, the nutrition formulation, the pharmaceutical formulation, or the crop formulation comprises at least two surfactants.
• the personal care composition, the cleaning composition, the nutrition formulation, the pharmaceutical formulation, or the crop formulation may comprise at least two above-outlined surfactant, at least three of the above-outlined surfactant or at least one of the above-outlined surfactant in combination with at least one further, different surfactant.
• the at least one further, different surfactant may be selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohol-based surfactant, betains, amido alkanolamides, alkoxylated fatty acid ester, and fatty acid methyl esters or its sulfonates.
• N-acylglutamic acid 15 + alkylethoxylate 5 + taurate 16 + cationic polymer 6 + aminooxide 17 + cationic surfactant 7 + sulfonate 18 + silicone 8 + carboxylate 19 + sulfonated fatty acid salts 9 + sulfosuccinate 20 + proteinhydrolysate 10 + (alkylether)sulfate 21 + protein-derivative 11 + betaine (e.g. cocamindopropylbetaine) 22 + fatty alkyl polyglucoside
• the present invention further relates to a personal care composition, a cleaning composition, a nutrition formulation, a pharmaceutical formulation, or a crop formulation comprising a surfactant as above-outlined in more detail. It is to be understood that the further specification of the use of the surfactants in the respective personal care composition, a cleaning composition, a nutrition formulation, a pharmaceutical formulation, or a crop formulation also applies for the personal care composition, a cleaning composition, a nutrition formulation, a pharmaceutical formulation, or a crop formulation.
• the present invention further relates to process of manufacturing glycerol, the process comprising the step
• Preferred embodiments e.g. regarding fatty acid-based surfactants, plant, and process parameters
• fatty acid-based surfactants are already above-outlined in the process of manufacturing a fatty acid-based surfactant and shall apply for the method of manufacturing glycerol, as well.
• Particular preferred embodiment are mentioned in the following.
• Glycerol may be provided as a side reaction of the above-outlined process of manufacturing a fatty acid-based surfactant.
• the process further comprises the step of b) refining, which preferably is conducted via filtration, centrifugation, chemical addition, and/or fractional vacuum distillation.
• Maca ⁇ ba palm e.g. having registration number AEB402A
• an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of about 9.0 t/ha/yr.
• the Maca ⁇ ba palm is planted on a cattle field, e.g. about 380 trees per hectare. No deforestation is needed since the Maca ⁇ ba palms are cultivated on already existing fields (silvopastoral) and the farmer can in addition to cattle breeding and/or milk production distribute the Maca ⁇ ba fruits.
• the Maca ⁇ ba palm is planted on soya plantation (having a growth height of about 20 to 80 cm and an oil yield in tons per hectare per year about 0.6 t/ha/yr), e.g. about 340 trees per hectare. Again, no deforestation is needed since the Maca ⁇ ba palms are cultivated on an already existing plantation (agroforestry). As the Maca ⁇ ba palm grows up to about 15 meters in height, the soya can be cultivated parallel. In this connection, it is also possible to cultivate at least one more additional different plant (having a growth height of about 1 to 7 m) such as sunflower (having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of about 0.7 t/ha/yr) or beans parallel.
• deforestation can be significantly reduced by cultivating Maca ⁇ ba palms. Further, the biodiversity can be increased. In addition, even if the Maca ⁇ ba palm is not cultivated as a monoculture, the total oil yield can be comparable with an oil palm (having an oil yield in tons per hectare per year of about 3.8 t/ha/yr) monoculture since the oil yield as above-defined of the Maca ⁇ ba palm is higher. Without being bound to any theory, using a plant having an improved oil yield, degraded areas and springs and watersheds can more easily recover. Further, the retention of moisture in the soil is improved.

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• 2022
  • 2022-02-25 EP EP22158873.4A patent/EP4234534A1/fr active Pending

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