Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
  • D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
  • D06N3/14—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
  • D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
  • D01F6/62—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
  • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
  • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
  • B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
  • B63H9/067—Sails characterised by their construction or manufacturing process
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D13/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft
  • D03D13/008—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft characterised by weave density or surface weight
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
  • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
  • D03D15/283—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
  • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
  • D03D15/573—Tensile strength
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/564—Polyureas, polyurethanes or other polymers having ureide or urethane links; Precondensation products forming them
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
  • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
  • D06N3/0006—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using woven fabrics
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
  • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
  • D06N3/0015—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using fibres of specified chemical or physical nature, e.g. natural silk
  • D06N3/0036—Polyester fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
  • D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
  • D06N3/14—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes
  • D06N3/147—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes characterised by the isocyanates used
  • D06N3/148—(cyclo)aliphatic polyisocyanates
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
  • D06P3/34—Material containing ester groups
  • D06P3/52—Polyesters
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
  • D06P5/003—Transfer printing
  • D06P5/004—Transfer printing using subliming dyes
  • D06P5/005—Transfer printing using subliming dyes on resin-treated fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
  • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
  • D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M2101/32—Polyesters
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
  • D06M2200/10—Repellency against liquids
  • D06M2200/12—Hydrophobic properties
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
  • D06N2201/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N2205/00—Condition, form or state of the materials
  • D06N2205/16—Solution
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N2205/00—Condition, form or state of the materials
  • D06N2205/20—Cured materials, e.g. vulcanised, cross-linked
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
  • D06N2209/10—Properties of the materials having mechanical properties
  • D06N2209/103—Resistant to mechanical forces, e.g. shock, impact, puncture, flexion, shear, compression, tear
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N2211/00—Specially adapted uses
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
  • D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
  • D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2507/00—Sport; Military
  • D10B2507/04—Sails

Definitions

• TITLE Lightweight coated fabric, especially for Spinnaker
• the present invention relates to a lightweight fabric formed of continuous warp and weft yarns, this fabric being coated on one and/or both sides with a polyurethane.
• This lightweight fabric finds its application in particular in the field of light headsails of sailboats and other surface vessels, such as spinnakers, asymmetric spinnakers, and gennakers.
• the invention also relates to a process for manufacturing this fabric.
• the use of a stiff fabric is therefore preferred to facilitate inflation and maintain the ideal shape.
• the counterpart of the stiffness of the fabric is the obtaining of fabrics conducive to tearing under strong stresses, causing the bursting of the spinnaker.
• the use of fabrics whose textile base is Polyamide 6.6 is preferred, the high elasticity and tenacity of Polyamide 6.6 allowing shock absorption. But this polyamide has drawbacks.
• Polyamide 6.6 is a hydrophilic polymer which gives the fiber a propensity to absorb water.
• a spinnaker made from a polyamide 6.6 fabric then tends to become heavy and age prematurely under the combined action of UV and hydrolysis.
• polyester fabrics less sensitive to water intake, have proven to be in practice too stiff to be used on sails such as spinnakers.
• the objective of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the prior art, by proposing a fabric formed from polyester fibers which has a tear resistance, a modulus and an elasticity allowing its use in the production and use of sails light bows of sailboats and other surface vessels, such as spinnakers, asymmetric spinnakers, and gennakers.
• Another object of the invention is to provide such a fabric having lower water absorption, and having better resistance to hydrolysis, than the existing solutions based on polyamide fabric.
• Another object of the invention is to provide a fabric which has high thermal stability and which makes it possible to print the fabric by sublimation.
• a fabric formed from continuous high tenacity polyester warp and weft yarns The fabric is coated on one or both sides with a cross-linked polyurethane (PU).
• the crosslinked PU according to the invention has the ability to compensate for the excessive stiffness (the very high modulus) and the low elasticity of the fabrics made of high tenacity polyester fibers.
• the cross-linked polyurethane is flexible and is therefore durable in the face of the mechanical stresses that the sail undergoes during its existence.
• the polyurethane is a polyether, polyester or polycarbonate based PU.
• the preferred polyurethane is a polycarbonate based PU.
• the PU is obtained from a single-component polyurethane elastomer.
• This elastomer is formed from polyol segments (polyether, polyester or polycarbonate), isocyanate segments, and a chain extender or a hydroxylated crosslinking agent, as is known per se.
• An important preferred characteristic is that the elastomer has a modulus at 100% elongation less than or equal to about 15 MPa, in particular between 1 and 15 MPa according to standard DIN 53504. Better still, this modulus is between 2 and 15 MPa , in particular between 6 and 15 MPa, more particularly still between 6 and 10 MPa, typically between 6 and 9.5 MPa, for example approximately 8 MPa, according to standard DIN 53504.
• the elastomer is made of mixture with a crosslinker (not to be confused with the crosslinking agent used to form the elastomer), and that the proportion of dry crosslinker relative to the dry elastomer is between approximately 20% and approximately 75%, better still between approximately 30% and approximately 75% by weight, in particular between approximately 40 and approximately 75% by weight, in particular between approximately 50 and approximately 75% by weight (for example approximately 67%).
• the crosslinker comprises in particular an isocyanate, melamine, or a mixture of isocyanate and melamine.
• This crosslinker makes it possible in particular to block all or part of the reactive functions (in particular NCO and alcohol) remaining on the elastomer, to create additional bonds or crosslinks, and to obtain the crosslinked PU forming the coating of the fabric.
• the fabric according to the invention is intended for, or capable of form, headsails of sailboats and other surface vessels, such as spinnakers, asymmetrical spinnakers, and gennakers.
• the invention relates in particular to a fabric for light nautical sails of sailboats and other surface vessels, such as spinnakers, asymmetrical spinnakers, and gennakers, the fabric being formed of warp yarns and continuous weft yarns of polyester and being coated on a or its two faces by a cross-linked polymer, characterized in that the polyester is poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), in that the fabric has a density of between 20 and 50 threads/cm, preferably between 25 and 50 threads/cm, in warp and in weft, in that the polymer is a crosslinked polyurethane (PU) based on polyether, polyester or polycarbonate, preferably polycarbonate, and in that this PU is derived from the crosslinking (1) of a single-component polyurethane elastomer having a modulus at 100% elongation less than or equal to approximately 15 MPa, in particular between 1 and 15 MPa, in particular between 2 and 15 MPa, more particularly still between 6
• the coated fabric has an elongation in the bias under 20 lbs, comprised between 10 and 30,100 th of an inch, preferably between 14 and 25,100 th of an inch, according to standard NF EN ISO 13934-1.
• the combination of the modulus at 100% elongation of the PU and the crosslinking rate, each taken in the given intervals, makes it possible in particular to obtain this elongation in the bias allowing to bring the flexibility to the fabric which is necessary for the application. and that the intrinsic tenacity of the PET yarn was not predictable.
• the high range of modulus values may be favored over the low range of crosslinker content values, and vice versa.
• the dry coating rate relative to the total dry fabric may in particular be greater than 5%, in particular between 5% and 30% by weight, in particular between 10 and 30% by weight, better still between 15 and 25% by weight .
• the dry coating rate is the ratio by weight of coating (crosslinked PU) dry on the coated fabric, it is representative of the weight of dried/crosslinked coating present on the final fabric.
• the dry coating rate mentioned here means the total coating rate, either on one side or on both sides, depending on the case selected.
• the polyester is poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET.
• PET is made up of repeating units of ethylene terephthalate; however, within the scope of the invention are variants comprising a minor amount of other units, for example less than 10% molar, in particular less than 5% molar of other units, per molecular chain of the polyester (the comonomers to form such other units include, for example, isophthalic acid, naphthalene dicarboxylic acids, adipic acid, hydroxybenzoic acids, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimellitic acid and pentaerythritol).
• the comonomers to form such other units include, for example, isophthalic acid, naphthalene dicarboxylic acids, adipic acid, hydroxybenzoic acids, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimellitic acid and pentaerythritol).
• Polyester yarns are multifilament. They are formed of multiple continuous filaments.
• the fabric comprises warp threads and weft threads which have a dtex of between 11 and 235 dtex, for example between 22 and 110 dtex, in particular between 22 and 78 dtex, with in particular a DPF (decitex per filament) between 1 and 4, preferably between 1.3 and 3.5.
• the tenacity of PET yarns is in particular greater than or equal to 6 cN/dtex, in particular between 6 and 7 cN/dtex.
• Their elongation at break is in particular greater than or equal to 20%, in particular between 20 and 30%.
• Tenacity and elongation at break are measured according to DIN EN ISO 2062.
• PET fibers or yarns having these characteristics are commercially accessible and/or can be produced to order.
• the polyester fibers optionally contain one or more additives, for example a stabilizer and/or an antistatic agent.
• the bare fabric has a density between 20 and 50 threads/cm, preferably between 25 and 50 threads/cm, in weft and a density between 20 and 50 threads/cm, preferably between 25 and 50 threads/cm in warp.
• the yarn density is identical in warp and weft.
• the density in warp and in weft can be different, in particular with a variation between 10 and 30% between warp and weft, the density being higher in warp or in weft, preferably in warp.
• the fabric has a hybrid construction, with the use of fibers or yarns of different counts between the warp and the weft.
• the fabric can then have warp yarns and weft yarns which have a dtex (count) of between 11 and 235 dtex, in particular between 22 and 110 dtex, in particular between 22 and 78 dtex, with the warp yarns having a count higher than the count of weft threads.
• dtex (count) of between 11 and 235 dtex, in particular between 22 and 110 dtex, in particular between 22 and 78 dtex
• the warp yarns having a count higher than the count of weft threads.
• it is the weft yarns which have a higher count.
• one can in particular mean that the count of the threads in one direction is greater by 1.5 or 2 to 5 times the count of the threads in the other direction.
• the weight of the coated fabric may in particular be between 25 and 130 g/m 2 , preferably between 30 and 120 g/m 2 .
• the fabric of the present invention is characterized by stiffness in the bias.
• the bias is called warp direction because it is measured in the 45° direction with respect to the warp threads.
• This stiffness in the bias is expressed by the elongation in 100 th of an inch, which is measured under a force of 20 pounds (Lbs, or 89N) applied in the bias.
• This elongation characterizes the stiffness of the fabric in the bias.
• the standard used is NF EN ISO 13934-1: specimens with a width of 76.2 mm and a length of 300 mm are produced. The jaws of the dynamometer are separated from each other by 152.4 mm and the measurement is carried out at a speed of 50 mm/min.
• the specimens are cut from the fabric according to these dimensions, by applying an angle of 45° with respect to the warp direction of the fabric, then the two pieces of fabric are superimposed and subjected together to the effect of the dynamometer.
• the elongation in 100 th of an inch in the warp and weft directions is carried out according to the same standard, and in this case a single piece of fabric is used.
• the elongation in the bias of the coated fabric under 20 lbs can in particular be between 10 and 30,100 th of an inch, preferably between 14 and 25,100 th of an inch. This is the preferred target that the invention sets itself.
• the flexible polyurethane coating achieves this objective, despite the fact that high Young's modulus PET yarns, generally between 3 and 15 GPa, give the fabric high stiffness and low elasticity.
• a coated fabric with a bias stretch of less than 10,100ths of an inch will be too stiff and may burst under heavy stress.
• a fabric with a bias stretch greater than 30 100ths of an inch will be too soft and will give a sail, such as a spinnaker, with degraded aerodynamic performance.
• the elongation at break is (L-L0)/L0*100, L being the length at break and LO the initial length of the sample.
• the modulus at 100% elongation as used to characterize the elastomer is no longer Young's modulus but an equivalent measured at 100% elongation.
• the fabric of the present invention is obtained by coating polyurethane in solvent phase.
• the coating may have any of the characteristics mentioned below.
• the fabric can be coated on one or two sides, preferably it is coated on one side.
• a polyurethane has a stiff part (isocyanate) and a soft part (polyol).
• isocyanate a stiff part
• polyol a soft part
• the elastomer used in the coating is single-component, the isocyanate having reacted with the polyol, then with the chain extender or the crosslinking agent, forming an elastomer generally still containing reactive functions of the NCO and alcohol type.
• the coating composition is completed with a crosslinker, in particular an isocyanate or a melamine, or even a mixture of the two.
• a crosslinker in particular an isocyanate or a melamine, or even a mixture of the two.
• isocyanate is meant both an isocyanate and a polyisocyanate, alone or mixed with one or more other isocyanates and/or polyisocyanates.
• isocyanate should be understood herein as grouping the terms “isocyanate” and “polyisocyanate”.
• Polyisocyanates are preferred.
• melamine it may in particular be melamine itself (1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine) or a compound or a resin containing melamine , for example a melamine-formaldehyde resin.
• the proportion of dry crosslinking agent relative to the dry elastomer is between approximately 20 and approximately 75% by weight, better still between approximately 30% and approximately 75% by weight, in particular between approximately 40 and approximately 75% by weight, in particular between about 50 and about 75% by weight.
• the polyurethane (and the starting elastomer) is polyether-based.
• the polyether-based polyurethane is linear or branched and comprises a polyol part of the polyether type and an isocyanate part.
• the polyurethane (and the starting elastomer) is polyester-based.
• the polyester-based polyurethane is linear or branched and comprises a polyol part of the polyester type and an isocyanate part.
• the polyurethane (and the starting elastomer) is polycarbonate-based.
• the polycarbonate-based polyurethane is linear or branched and comprises a polyol part of the polycarbonate type and an isocyanate part.
• a polycarbonate-based polyurethane is used in the examples and constitutes a particularly suitable embodiment.
• the isocyanate part is preferably aliphatic, in fact aromatic isocyanates have the disadvantage of yellowing over time, which makes them less preferred, even if they are usable.
• the lightweight fabric of the present invention is obtained by coating with polyurethane in the solvent phase.
• This method of producing a coated fabric from the polyester fabric is another object of the invention.
• the coating may have any of the characteristics mentioned below.
• the coating step is carried out by techniques conventionally used in the coating of textiles, such as direct coating.
• Direct coating means coating by direct application, for example using a doctor blade, cylinder, air knife, scarf, Meyer bar (or Champion process).
• Another object of the invention is the use of a PU elastomer or a crosslinked PU coating as defined here, for the coating of a high tenacity PET fabric as defined here.
• This coating is in particular intended to give it the property or properties described here, in particular an elongation in the bias as described here.
• the coating also provides appropriate porosity for the use for which the fabric is intended. This use can result in the manufacturing process which follows and which is another object of the invention.
• the process for manufacturing the coated fabric comprises in particular the following steps:
• one or two faces of this fabric are coated with a solvent-based polyurethane according to the invention, preferably from a single-component elastomer dissolved in the solvent and mixed with the crosslinker, as described here, with a coating rate in accordance with the invention;
• the fabric is printed, for example by sublimation, on one or both sides.
• the subject of the invention is in particular a process for manufacturing the coated fabric in which: a fabric made of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is available having a density of between 20 and 50 threads/cm, preferably between 25 and 50 threads/cm, in warp and weft; one or two faces of this fabric are coated with a mixture of single-component polyurethane elastomer having a modulus at 100% elongation as described above, of solvent for the elastomer and of a crosslinking agent, to due to a proportion of dry crosslinker relative to the dry elastomer as described above; the fabric is heated until the coating dries and reticulates,
• PET poly(ethylene terephthalate)
• the fabric is printed, for example by sublimation, on one or both sides.
• This process aims to manufacture a fabric as described above and consequently, the characteristics of the elements entering into the composition of the fabric and its coating are applicable to the process, to the choice of these elements for their implementation in the process, without it being necessary to repeat them in what follows.
• the drying and crosslinking step first comprises drying, for example at a temperature of between approximately 90 and approximately 120° C., then cross-linking at a temperature of between approximately 140 and approximately 210° C.
• the method comprises, after the drying and crosslinking step, one or more post-treatment step(s) giving the fabric anti-soiling and/or water-repellent properties.
• anti-soiling treatment we mean a treatment with using anti-static and/or anti-tack products.
• water-repellent treatment is meant a treatment using fluorinated resins with or without a crosslinking agent for the fluorinated resin, for example an isocyanate.
• the water-repellent treatment is followed by a drying/cross-linking step.
• the post-treatment is applied by any method known to those skilled in the art and in particular by padding, coating, spraying or plasma treatment. It is also possible to carry out a treatment with silicone to improve the slipperiness of the fabric.
• the fabric before coating, the fabric is calendered. Calendering crushes the fabric and spreads the yarns as well as the constituent filaments, which helps to close the pores of the fabric and reduce its porosity. According to one embodiment, calendering is carried out between a calendering tool, cylinder or roller and a counter-plate. The side of the fabric that has undergone the passage of the calendering tool, called the "calendering side", is smoothed compared to the other side.
• the coating is carried out on this calendering face.
• the adhesion of the polymer can be improved by first applying a primer treatment to this smooth face. It can be a physical treatment or a chemical treatment called adhesion treatment. This is, for example, a chemical treatment providing functional groups capable of reacting with groups in the polymer to form chemical bonds.
• the coating is carried out on the other side, not smoothed. It is understood that the dry coating rate varies according to the side concerned, this rate being higher on the unsmoothed side, which allows the person skilled in the art to play on the quantity and the weight of the coating. You can also coat both sides.
• calendering is carried out between two calendering tools, cylinders or rollers. Both sides of the fabric are smoothed. One or both sides are then coated, with or without adhesion treatment as described above.
• the calendering is preferably carried out at a temperature between about 150 and about 250°C, preferably between about 180 and about 210°C.
• the calendering is preferably carried out with a pressure ranging from approximately 150 to approximately 250 kg, preferably between approximately 180 and approximately 230 kg.
• the rotation speed of the calender can be between approximately 1 and approximately 30 m/min, preferably between approximately 10 and approximately 20 m/min.
• the fabric of the present invention is obtained by coating polyurethane dissolved in a solvent.
• the coating contains the single-component elastomer (formed in particular from the isocyanate, the polyol and the chain extender or the crosslinking agent), in solution in the solvent. The film forms naturally during the evaporation of the solvent.
• the solvent is an organic solvent and can in particular be chosen from the group consisting of aromatic solvents, alcohols, ketones, esters, dimethylformamide and n-methylpyrolidone.
• the solvent is chosen from the group consisting of toluene, xylene, isopropanol, butanol, 1-methoxypropan-2-ol, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, butanone, ethyl acetate, dimethylformamide, n-methylpyrrolidone, and a mixture of at least two of them. For example, a mixture of toluene and isopropanol.
• the solvent-phase polyurethane can be characterized by its concentration of between 20 and 50% by weight of uncrosslinked PU, in particular single-component elastomer, relative to the PU and solvent mixture.
• this solvent-phase polyurethane, in particular the elastomer in solution in the solvent can be characterized by a viscosity of less than 100,000 mPa.s at 23° C., preferably between 5,000 and 60,000 mPa.s at 23°C (DIN EN ISO/A3 standard).
• the lightweight fabric of the present invention is obtained or capable of being obtained by coating polyurethane, preferably one-component elastomer, in solvent phase.
• the fabric coating composition of the present invention may further comprise additives.
• Said additives can be any additive commonly used in fabric coating compositions. They are chosen in particular from the group consisting of viscosity modifiers, UV stabilizers, colorants, dispersants and surfactants.
• the coating comprises an anti-UV agent.
• this coated fabric is colored, printed or decorated by a sublimation technique.
• This can in particular be implemented by printing a pattern on a support (transfer support) with one or more sublimable dyes at high temperature.
• the support is then applied in contact with the coated fabric, then hot calendered, for example at approximately 200° C. and under pressure.
• Dyes pass into the gaseous phase and are transferred to the coating, and/or to the surface and/or to the fiber. PET polyester remains stable at this temperature.
• Spinnakers (standard or asymmetrical) and gennakers are windward inflatable sails, which typically include three angled tops, commonly referred to as head or halyard point, clew point and tack point. These veils are obtained by assembling widths, in particular several radial widths which open out from each angular vertex, each radial width being obtained beforehand in the form of a flat fabric coupon, cut according to the geometric needs of the width to obtain.
• the subject of the invention is thus an article such as a headsail for a sailboat and other surface vessels, such as a spinnaker, asymmetrical spinnaker, and gennaker, comprising a coated fabric according to the invention or made from a or more coated fabrics or fabric widths according to the invention.
• the article may comprise several fabrics or widths according to the invention, assembled to form the article in question.
• the nautical sail bears a sublimation printed design.
• the nautical sail bears a pattern made up of dye inside the PU coating and/or on the surface or inside the PET yarns.
• the invention also relates to said widths cut from a fabric according to the invention.
• PA6.6 is a classic polyamide fabric in the spinnaker field, with a PU coating obtained from PU elastomer with a 100% elongation modulus of 32.4 and melamine formaldehyde crosslinker.
• the proportion of dry crosslinker relative to the dry elastomer is 104%.
• the PU is implemented in a 50/50 mixture of toluene and isopropanol.
• PET has a PU coating obtained from PU elastomer having a 100% elongation modulus of 8 and melamine formaldehyde crosslinker.
• the proportion of dry crosslinker relative to the dry elastomer is 66.9%.
• the PU is implemented in a 50/50 mixture of toluene and isopropanol.
• the tenacity of PET is 6.8 cN/dtex.
• the elongation at break is 24.6%.
• the coating is carried out using a doctor blade, and is followed by a drying step at 100°C, then a crosslinking step at 170°C).
• the speed is 27 m/min.
• Example 1 The fabric of the invention of Example 1 in yarns of 33 dtex is taken up and compared to counter-Examples 1 and 2, which differ from it by combinations of PU modulus and crosslinking rate which are outside the limits. of the invention.
• Breaking force (unit centiNewton - cN): maximum force developed to break the sample during a tensile test conducted until failure
• Elongation at break (%): increase in the length of the sample measured when it breaks
• the wire is placed between two clamps, 500 mm apart.
• the device (Dynamometer) then moves the grippers away from each other at a constant displacement speed of 500 mm/min and measures the force applied continuously.
• the force required to break the thread is measured as well as the increase in length of the thread upon breaking.
• Mean breaking force and mean elongation at break are the two data characterized by this test.
• Tenacity is calculated from the breaking force related to the linear mass.
• the 100% elongation modulus of the one-component polyurethane elastomer is measured according to DIN 53504.
• the modulus is defined in 3.4 of the “Spannungshong” standard.
• the measurement is carried out on dumbbell-shaped specimens (Schulterstab) of type S2, with however a bar length Is of 55 mm and a thickness of 200 ⁇ m.
• the equipment used is a dynamometer.
• the dumbbell specimen is placed in the fixing clamps, spaced apart by a length Lo with the minimum possible pretension.
• the clamps are then moved away from each other at a constant speed of 400 mm/min and the dynamometer measures the force applied as a function of the elongation.
• the modulus or stress at 100% elongation in MPa is the force ratio measured at 100% elongation on the initial section of the specimen. This is described in paragraph 9.4matsock of DIN 53504.
• the elongations of the fabric are measured according to standard NF EN ISO 13934-1, as described in the general description.
• the lower elongation in the direction of the warp and weft yarns due to the polyester nature is compensated by a higher elongation in the bias (measured here in the warp direction).
• This elongation in the bias compensates for the excessive rigidity of PET and avoids the risk of rupture and bursting under high stress.
• the mechanical performance is equivalent or even superior, this reflecting a polyester fabric suitable for spinnaker use.
• the water absorption by the coated fabric of Example 1 was measured according to the Tappi 441 om-90 standard. One measurement was taken on the new coated fabric, another after ageing. It is expressed in %.
• the equipment consists of a square rubber support and a metal ring coated at its base with a rubber seal. The sample is placed on the square support and the metal ring is placed on the sample. A clamping device makes the system watertight. A certain amount of water (100 ml) is placed in the ring, in contact with the sample for a determined time (1 minute).
• the water is removed from the cylindrical ring, the residual water remaining on the surface of the sample is removed using a cylinder as described in the standard, via a round- return of this cylinder to the sample placed between two blotters, without applying pressure.
• the percentage of water absorbed is calculated by weight difference before and after contact with water.
• the fabric For ageing, the fabric is placed for 4 hours in a pressure cooker with salt water (30 g/l) at operating temperature and pressure. We then apply 1 hour of treatment by floating in the open air and at high speed the fabric fixed on a windmill-type assembly (assembly with 4 blades, the fabric being fixed at the end of one of the blades).
• the fabric according to the invention has seen its water absorption hardly change unfavorably after aging. This level of resistance to water intake is another surprising result.

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• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Woven Fabrics (AREA)
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• 2020
  • 2020-10-05 FR FR2010144A patent/FR3114820B1/fr active Active
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