EP4224076A1 - Procédé et dispositif de climatisation de bâtiments - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de climatisation de bâtiments Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4224076A1
EP4224076A1 EP23154739.9A EP23154739A EP4224076A1 EP 4224076 A1 EP4224076 A1 EP 4224076A1 EP 23154739 A EP23154739 A EP 23154739A EP 4224076 A1 EP4224076 A1 EP 4224076A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
temperature control
control medium
heat
water vapor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23154739.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Heinz-Axel Guo (Haixin)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thaiberlin Ag
Original Assignee
Thaiberlin Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thaiberlin Ag filed Critical Thaiberlin Ag
Publication of EP4224076A1 publication Critical patent/EP4224076A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0014—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using absorption or desorption
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/30—Arrangement or mounting of heat-exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0035—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using evaporation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for air conditioning buildings, in which a temperature control medium circulates in a cyclic process that includes a heat or cold source and at least one heat exchanger, the temperature control medium in the heat exchanger carrying out a heat exchange with the environment, for example to heat or cool an interior .
  • the invention also relates to a corresponding device for air conditioning buildings with a heat or cold source and at least one arranged heat exchanger and a temperature control medium circulating in a circuit between the heat or cold source and the at least one heat exchanger.
  • Such methods and devices are known, for example on the EP 2 474 797 A1 is referenced.
  • the functional principle of the known methods and devices is based on heating or cooling the temperature control medium via the heat or cold source integrated into the cycle process and feeding it to the heat exchanger, which is in a heat exchange relationship with the interior of the building, for heating or cooling the interior of a building . If the tempering medium is heated to a higher temperature than the interior of the building, the heat exchanger transfers a corresponding flow of heat to the interior of the building and heats it up.
  • the tempering medium Conversely, if the tempering medium is cooled to a lower temperature than the interior of the building, it absorbs a corresponding flow of heat from the interior of the building in the heat exchanger, ie it extracts heat from the interior so that a corresponding cooling occurs.
  • the known methods and devices are thus used to increase or decrease the temperature of the interior of the building in which the heat exchanger is located, as required, so that the building can be air-conditioned accordingly.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a method and a device for air-conditioning buildings which overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and ensure energy-efficient air-conditioning of buildings including regulation of the humidity of the room air contained in the interior.
  • a device according to the invention for solving the problem is the subject of patent claim 7.
  • a hygroscopic liquid be provided as the temperature control medium in the cycle between the heat or cold source and the at least one heat exchanger; H. a liquid that, in addition to the well-known ability to be tempered to different temperature levels, is also able to absorb or release moisture.
  • the hygroscopic liquid provided according to the invention circulates within the cyclic process through a heat exchanger that is designed to be liquid-tight but permeable to water vapor, so that the temperature control medium absorbs or releases water vapor, for example from the interior of the building, while circulating through the heat exchanger, which depends on the moisture content of the heat exchanger surrounding indoor air in the interior of the building.
  • the prevailing difference is decisive for the absorption of moisture from the environment, e.g. the room air inside the building into the temperature control medium designed as a hygroscopic liquid or the release of moisture from the temperature control medium designed as a hygroscopic liquid in the heat exchanger to the room air inside the building the partial vapor pressures between the temperature control medium and the room air inside the building.
  • This partial pressure difference causes the material transfer of water vapor from the side with the higher partial vapor pressure to the side with the lower partial vapor pressure.
  • one proposal of the invention provides that the pressure of the temperature control medium circulating in the cyclic process is regulated, for example by regulating a Circular process integrated feed pump for the temperature control medium or corresponding throttle valves in the circuit of the temperature control medium.
  • the pressure of the tempering medium in the cyclic process can be, for example, about 0.5 to 1 MPa, in particular about 0.8 MPa, i. H.
  • the temperature control medium circulating in the cyclic process advantageously has a controllable negative pressure compared to the environment, e.g. the pressure prevailing inside the building.
  • the partial vapor pressure of the temperature control medium circulating in the cycle process can also be controlled by appropriately adjusting the concentration of the hygroscopic liquid or by diluting it.
  • concentration of the temperature control medium can be increased, for example, by supplying heat and evaporating a proportion of water in the temperature control medium into the environment and can be reduced by absorbing water vapor from the environment and/or by adding water to the temperature control medium.
  • a salt solution based on lithium chloride, lithium bromide or calcium chloride is provided as the hygroscopic liquid.
  • a device proposed within the scope of the invention for air conditioning buildings of the type mentioned at the outset comprises at least one heat exchanger arranged in an interior of a building and a tempering medium circulating in a circuit between the heat or cold source and the at least one heat exchanger.
  • a hygroscopic liquid in particular a saline solution, is provided as the temperature control medium, and the heat exchanger is designed to be liquid-tight but permeable to water vapor, such that the temperature control medium can absorb water vapor from the environment of the heat exchanger or release it to it via the at least one heat exchanger.
  • the at least one heat exchanger is formed as a climate element with an embedded capillary tube mat, which is formed by two header tubes with capillary tubes running between them, through which the temperature control medium can flow, the walls of the capillary tubes being liquid-tight but water vapor-permeable are, um to be able to enable not only the heat exchange but also a water vapor exchange between the tempering medium and the interior of the building.
  • the capillary tubes are formed from hollow fibers with water vapor-permeable but liquid-tight hollow fibers.
  • hollow fibers are widely known and have hitherto been used, for example, as filters in membrane technology. They have permeable structures in the wall structure, so that the walls of the fiber act as a membrane.
  • hollow-fiber membranes consist, for example, of polyethersulfone, polysulfone or polyacrylonitrile or of sintered or extruded polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene or polyethylene.
  • tubular hollow fibers can preferably have a round cross section, with the diameter preferably being about 0.3 mm to 5 mm.
  • the walls of the hollow fibers are preferably semi-permeable to water vapor or designed as a reverse osmosis membrane in order to be selectively permeable only to water vapor molecules. They can also be made hydrophobic in order to prevent water from condensing on the surface of the hollow fibers.
  • the climate element with embedded capillary tube mat proposed as part of the device according to the invention can be designed as a rigid panel for wall or ceiling mounting and have a dimensionally stable support frame, for example made of metal or plastic profiles, which is combined with a porous and water vapor-permeable filler to form a panel is filled, and can be formed, for example, from diatomaceous earth, which can have a surface design that matches the rest of the interior of the building.
  • the capillary tube mat is embedded between the filler so that it is not visible to the eye.
  • the air-conditioning element is designed as a flexible web which, in the area of the surfaces, comprises water-vapor-permeable fabrics, between which the capillary tube mat is arranged.
  • Such flexible webs for forming the climate element can, for example, in the manner of a curtain or in the form of slats of a blind.
  • These fabrics can be made of cotton fabrics, for example, or they can include suitable superabsorbent fibers that are covered with a water-vapor-permeable membrane, for example based on PTFE, such as Gore- Tex® .
  • the capillary tube mat located inside the air conditioning element includes two collector tubes communicating with the capillary tubes, which are used to supply or remove the temperature control medium into or from the air conditioning element, which acts as a heat exchanger, and are part of the circuit for the circulating temperature control medium.
  • the headers can be designed as short tube pieces like junction boxes, into which the individual capillary tubes open out radially, or the headers are preferably designed as straight tube sections that can be spaced apart from one another or arranged on a common axis.
  • the arrangement is preferably selected in such a way that the individual capillary tubes are distributed as homogeneously as possible within the air-conditioning element.
  • a heat exchanger designed as an air-conditioning element according to the invention preferably has approximately 20-200 capillary tubes per square meter of surface area of the air-conditioning element.
  • the figure 14 shows in a simplified form a basic circuit diagram of a device for air conditioning an interior R of a building, not shown in detail, which is filled with a corresponding volume of room air.
  • the heat exchanger 1 are flowed through in a conventional manner by a tempering medium, which in the from figure 14 shown lines circulates in a circuit K maintained by a peristaltic pump 200.
  • the circuit K for the tempering medium also includes a corresponding storage tank 300 for a corresponding excess of the tempering medium and a three-way valve 600 which can be controlled by a control module 500 .
  • the temperature control medium runs through a heat exchanger 400 integrated into the circuit K, which, depending on the air conditioning task (heating/cooling), is acted upon by a corresponding flow of heat or cold 800, which can be regulated via a control valve 700, and accordingly the temperature control medium flows through the Heat exchanger 400 heats or cools.
  • the tempering medium thus heated or cooled in the heat exchanger 400 then reaches the heat exchanger 1. If the tempering medium 1 was heated in the heat exchanger 400, a heat flow corresponding to the temperature difference to the interior R is given off to the interior R to heat it. On the other hand, if the tempering medium 1 was cooled in the heat exchanger 400, a corresponding flow of heat from the interior space R is absorbed in order to cool it.
  • the temperature control medium circulating in the circuit K is formed by a hygroscopic liquid, for example a salt solution based on calcium chloride, which is able, in addition to the temperature change described above, to also absorb moisture in the form of water vapor or, e.g when heated accordingly.
  • a hygroscopic liquid for example a salt solution based on calcium chloride
  • the heat exchangers 1 in the interior R are designed in such a way that the temperature control medium is guided through lines that are designed with liquid-tight but water vapor-permeable walls. With that is it is possible to absorb and dissipate excess water vapor present in the interior R during the passage of the tempering medium through the heat exchanger 1 in the tempering medium, so that the room air can be dried as required.
  • a corresponding proportion of water vapor can be released from the temperature control medium as the temperature control medium passes through the heat exchanger 1, so that the room air can be humidified as required.
  • the corresponding conditioning of the water content contained in the temperature control medium designed as a hygroscopic liquid, i. H. the concentration of the hygroscopic liquid can be adjusted by means of the storage tank 300 via the three-way valve 600, which adjusts the tempering medium with correspondingly different salt contents from different removal positions of the storage tank 300, for example in the bottom area and on the surface, according to the requirements and controlled by the control module 500.
  • a regeneration and/or an exchange of the temperature control medium provided for the circuit K can be carried out via an external circuit 900 (not shown in detail) that runs through the storage tank 300 .
  • a regeneration can include, for example, heating the temperature control medium in appropriate heat exchangers for the purpose of evaporating a proportion of water contained in the temperature control medium or external water absorption in or from the/the environment in order to adjust the temperature control medium to a desired concentration.
  • a first embodiment of a heat exchanger 1 in the form of a rigid air-conditioning element can be seen in more detail, which can be used for tempering and controlling the humidity of an interior of a building, not shown here.
  • the heat exchanger 1 is part of the example based on the figure 14 Explained cyclic process and is designed as a rigid panel, for example for mounting on a ceiling or a wall of the building space to be air-conditioned.
  • the heat exchanger 1 comprises a frame formed from dimensionally stable metal profiles 5, in which a more porous, hardening filling compound 30, for example based on kieselguhr, is introduced and fills the frame to form a closed, rigid panel.
  • the filling compound 30 used has a corresponding porosity, so that the passage of larger amounts of water vapor into the interior of the heat exchanger 1 designed as an air-conditioning element or out of the interior of the heat exchanger 1 is possible.
  • a capillary tube mat formed by two collecting tubes 6 and capillary tubes 2 running between them, through which the temperature control medium circulating in the cycle process can flow.
  • capillary tubes 2 have walls which are liquid-tight but water-vapor-permeable, which can be ensured in particular by the capillary tubes 2 being formed from hollow fibers with water-vapor-permeable but liquid-tight membrane walls.
  • the tempering medium formed from a hygroscopic liquid is guided between the collecting tubes 6 through the heat exchanger 1, with heat being exchanged with the surrounding room air.
  • moisture contained in the room air in the form of water vapor can get through the filling compound 30 into the interior of the heat exchanger 1 and is absorbed there by the hygroscopic liquid circulating in the capillary tubes 2, since the walls of the individual capillary tubes are permeable to water vapor 2 can penetrate.
  • the rigid climate element 1 that can be seen can, for example, have a width BP of about 600 mm, a height HP of about 1200-1800 mm and a depth TP of about 15-20 mm.
  • fabric layers 4 for example made of polyamide, can be introduced in order to keep the capillary tubes 2 in a central region of the heat exchanger.
  • the collecting tubes 6 are designed as short tube sections in the form of a junction box, from which the individual capillary tubes 2 each branch off radially. This is in more detail from the figure 7 evident.
  • each individual connection box serving as a collecting pipe 6 has an inner cavity 7 which communicates with the inlet or return from or to the heat or cold source in a manner that is not shown in detail.
  • the individual tubular hollow fibers for forming the capillary tubes 2 are fixed and sealed in the body of the collecting tubes 6 by means of synthetic resin 80 .
  • a preferably visible surface of the heat exchanger can be formed by the filling compound 30, for example based on kieselguhr, whereas an insulating panel 8 made of suitable insulating material, e.g. based on polyethylene, is arranged on the back in order to give the heat exchanger the desired dimensional stability and to avoid heat losses to the building wall.
  • the collecting tubes 6 are arranged in relation to the capillary tubes 2 in such a way that they open out radially.
  • an arrangement is selected in which the capillary tubes 2 open out approximately tangentially into the collecting tubes 6, so that here on the left-hand side flush transition between the headers 6 and the fabric 3 is formed, between which the capillary tubes 2 are arranged.
  • the figure 10 shows a modified embodiment of a climate element, which is not designed as a rigid panel, but as a flexible web, which is delimited and covered on the surface by two fabrics 3, for example based on a cotton fabric, between which the capillary tubes 2, which are permeable to water vapor but liquid-tight, run .
  • fabrics 3 for example based on a cotton fabric, between which the capillary tubes 2, which are permeable to water vapor but liquid-tight, run .
  • a cotton fabric it is also possible to use superabsorbent fibers which are covered on the visible side with a suitable water vapor-permeable membrane, for example based on PTFE, such as Gore- Tex® .
  • the capillary tubes 2 are led out and open into the headers 6, which are arranged in the illustrated embodiment on a common axis and are approximately centrally separated by a bulkhead 10 liquid-tight from each other. Accordingly, the capillary tubes 2 run approximately in a U-shape through the heat exchanger 1 and are each fixed in communication with their two ends in one of the header tubes 6 .
  • a flexible air-conditioning element can be arranged, for example, in a building interior in the manner of a curtain or a blind and has almost any desired height HM.
  • Such a flexible heat exchanger can be suspended vertically or horizontally in a building interior in the manner of a blind or curtain so that the heat exchanger is surrounded by room air on all sides.
  • the flexible heat exchanger can be rolled, gathered or tucked in, which when installed behind glazing provides the ability to regulate light penetration through the glazing.
  • the heat exchangers are made of suitable materials that can withstand the prevailing climatic conditions.
  • rigid heat exchangers with fillers based on foamed concrete and flexible heat exchangers with fabrics based on polyamide, superabsorbent fibers and embedded hollow fibers can be produced, which then have properties similar to human skin or plant leaves and when a hygroscopic liquid circulates as a temperature control medium in the hollow fibers enable a thermal and material exchange with the building environment.
  • these heat exchangers By attaching such heat exchangers directly to the outer wall or the outer windows of a building, these heat exchangers form intermediate layers between the original building wall or the windows to the outside air and the temperature of the heat exchanger is controlled by the circulation of the tempering medium and its temperature due to the weather.
  • the heat load applied to the heat exchanger by the circulating temperature control medium can be absorbed by the temperature control medium in the heat exchanger before it comes into contact with the outer wall of the building or the windows and can be discharged to another point in the circuit of the temperature control medium. This reduces the thermal load of a building room and the absorbed heat can be given off to a combined heat and power process, for example via a further heat exchanger.
  • heat exchangers 1 with liquid-tight but water vapor permeable walls of the capillary tubes 2, which are made of appropriate hollow fibers, for example, it is possible, when subjected to a temperature control medium formed by a hygroscopic liquid, to not only heat or to cool, but also to supply moisture to it or to remove moisture from the room air as required.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP23154739.9A 2022-02-02 2023-02-02 Procédé et dispositif de climatisation de bâtiments Pending EP4224076A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022102464.4A DE102022102464A1 (de) 2022-02-02 2022-02-02 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gebäudeklimatisierung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4224076A1 true EP4224076A1 (fr) 2023-08-09

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23154739.9A Pending EP4224076A1 (fr) 2022-02-02 2023-02-02 Procédé et dispositif de climatisation de bâtiments

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4224076A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN116538592A (fr)
DE (1) DE102022102464A1 (fr)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19816185C1 (de) * 1998-04-14 1999-06-02 Rud Otto Meyer Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zur Kühlung oder Heizung eines Raumes bei gleichzeitiger Entfeuchtung und Kühl- bzw. Heizelement hierzu
DE102009053629A1 (de) * 2009-11-17 2011-05-19 Institut für Luft- und Kältetechnik gGmbH Wärmeübertrager mit semipermeabler Membran
US20110174467A1 (en) * 2008-07-18 2011-07-21 Donald Herbst Heat exchanger, method for operating the heat exchanger and use of the heat exchanger in an air-conditioning system
EP2474797A1 (fr) 2011-01-11 2012-07-11 Thilo Rießner Procédé et dispositif destinés à la climatisation de bâtiment
DE102011112200A1 (de) * 2011-08-30 2013-02-28 Donald Herbst Wärmetauscher
US20200096212A1 (en) * 2017-04-18 2020-03-26 Nortek Air Solutions Canada, Inc. Desiccant enhanced evaporative cooling systems and methods
US20200326106A1 (en) * 2019-03-07 2020-10-15 Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. Climate-Control System With Absorption Chiller

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5298306B2 (ja) 2008-08-29 2013-09-25 海水化学工業株式会社 外断熱パネル

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19816185C1 (de) * 1998-04-14 1999-06-02 Rud Otto Meyer Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zur Kühlung oder Heizung eines Raumes bei gleichzeitiger Entfeuchtung und Kühl- bzw. Heizelement hierzu
US20110174467A1 (en) * 2008-07-18 2011-07-21 Donald Herbst Heat exchanger, method for operating the heat exchanger and use of the heat exchanger in an air-conditioning system
DE102009053629A1 (de) * 2009-11-17 2011-05-19 Institut für Luft- und Kältetechnik gGmbH Wärmeübertrager mit semipermeabler Membran
EP2474797A1 (fr) 2011-01-11 2012-07-11 Thilo Rießner Procédé et dispositif destinés à la climatisation de bâtiment
DE102011112200A1 (de) * 2011-08-30 2013-02-28 Donald Herbst Wärmetauscher
US20200096212A1 (en) * 2017-04-18 2020-03-26 Nortek Air Solutions Canada, Inc. Desiccant enhanced evaporative cooling systems and methods
US20200326106A1 (en) * 2019-03-07 2020-10-15 Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. Climate-Control System With Absorption Chiller

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN116538592A (zh) 2023-08-04
DE102022102464A1 (de) 2023-08-03

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