EP4220023A1 - Regulation of the pressure supplied by a fan for extracting or blowing air in a ventilation installation - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a method for regulating the pressure supplied by a fan with adjustable rotation speed in a ventilation installation further comprising: - N air ducts, each connected to a tapping of a central box comprising said fan; and - N flow regulators with adjustable passage opening, each associated with an air duct. The method comprises modulating (101) an opening of each flow regulator so that a flow passing through it tends towards a flow setpoint per duct, for a current pressure supplied by the fan; and, in parallel with the modulation (101):- the determination (102), among the N flow regulators, of a reference regulator which has the largest passage opening;- the adjustment (103) of the pressure provided by the fan to tend to obtain, for this reference regulator, a predefined maximum passage opening.

Description

Technical area

• une pluralité de gaines d'extraction ou d'insufflation d'air une première extrémité de chaque gaine d'extraction ou d'insufflation d'air étant raccordée à un piquage d'entrée ou de sortie d'air d'un caisson central comportant ledit ventilateur d'extraction ou d'insufflation d'air ;
• au moins une gaine de rejet ou d'entrée d'air, et
• une pluralité de régulateurs de débit à ouverture de passage réglable, associés chacun à une gaine d'extraction ou d'insufflation d'air parmi ladite pluralité de gaines d'extraction ou d'insufflation d'air.

The present invention relates generally to the field of ventilation, and more specifically to a method for regulating the pressure supplied by an air extraction or blowing fan comprising a turbine with adjustable rotation speed in a ventilation installation. , said ventilation installation further comprising:

• a plurality of air extraction or blowing ducts a first end of each air extraction or blowing duct being connected to an air inlet or air outlet tapping of a central box comprising said air extraction or supply fan;
• at least one exhaust or air inlet duct, and
• a plurality of flow regulators with adjustable passage opening, each associated with an air extraction or blowing duct among said plurality of air extraction or blowing ducts.

Technology background

As schematized on the figure 1 , a non-limiting example of known residential ventilation installation comprises a ventilation system comprising a fan 1 for extracting an air flow, preferably placed in a volute of a central box 2 comprising a number N of taps air inlet such as the three air inlet tappings 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , 3 ₃ visible on the figure 1 , each connected to a first end of an air extraction duct 4 ₁ , 4 ₂ , 4 ₃ , a plurality of air extraction vents such as the three extraction vents 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , 5 ₃ each connected to the other end of an extraction duct, and at least one rejection device 6 such as a roof cap, connected to an outlet 7 of the central box 2 via a rejection duct 8. The extraction ducts equipped with extraction vents lead, for example, into wet rooms (bathroom, toilets, kitchen) and are made up of mechanical parts that can adapt the opening (or passage section) of the air according to one or more parameters such as, without limitation, the humidity level of the room, the detection of the presence of a person, or by any mechanical action (kitchen pull, etc.). The air extraction fan 1 and the extraction vents are generally independent of each other. The air extraction fan 1 extracts an overall air flow by providing the vents with an overall pressure allowing them to operate at the correct extraction flow. Each extraction vent constitutes a flow regulator with adjustable passage opening which operates by modifying the passage section of the air entering the corresponding duct according to humidity or customer needs without taking into account the state of the centralized exhaust fan 1. In a so-called jump speed system depending on the flow, the system can detect a variation in the flow and adapt the speed of the fan 1 in order to modify the pressure available for the vents.

For this type of installation, the choice of the pressure available for an extraction valve is generally defined so that it can regulate the necessary flow rates whatever the conditions of the installation and the needs of the other valves. This can lead to overconsumption of the fan's motorized turbine and unnecessary pressure drops in the aeraulic network.

et $5_3^{\prime }$

dont la fonction est purement esthétique, et les régulateurs de débit à ouverture de passage réglable sont constitués par des registres $5_1^{"},{\mathrm{5}}_2^{"}$

et $5_3^{"}$

comprenant chacun un volet mobile, et placés à l'intérieur des piquages d'entrée d'air du caisson central 2. Chaque registre va régler la position du volet afin de répondre au besoin en débit d'extraction de la pièce auquel il est relié via la gaine d'extraction, en fonction d'informations issues de capteurs tels que, de façon non limitative, des capteurs d'humidité, de COV ....Alternatively, as shown schematically in figure 2 , the extraction mouths 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , 5 ₃ of the figure 1 are replaced by mouths $5_1^{\prime },{\mathrm{5}}_2^{\prime }$

And $5_3^{\prime }$

whose function is purely aesthetic, and the flow regulators with adjustable passage opening are constituted by registers $5_1^{"},{\mathrm{5}}_2^{"}$

And $5_3^{"}$

each comprising a movable flap, and placed inside the air inlet tappings of the central box 2. Each damper will adjust the position of the flap in order to meet the extraction rate requirement of the room to which it is connected via the extraction duct, depending on information from sensors such as, but not limited to, humidity sensors, VOCs, etc.

In these damper systems, the static pressure supplied by the fan is generally regulated to remain constant, but this does not necessarily constitute optimum operation since the dampers must compensate for the excess pressure by maintaining smaller openings, thus creating load loss.

• soit très au-dessus des besoins exprimés par la règlementation, ce qui engendre des excès de consommation électrique et de déperditions thermiques ;
• soit très en dessous de ce même besoin en rendant le système inopérant pas excès de perte de charges.

Thus, in most known ventilation systems, the extraction rates per duct are often:

• either far above the requirements expressed by the regulations, which generates excess electricity consumption and heat loss;
• either far below this same need by rendering the system inoperative due to excessive pressure drop.

There is therefore a need to operate a ventilation system, preferably permanently, at an optimum static pressure supplied by the fan which is a compromise between the need for air renewal, electrical consumption of the ventilation system and heat loss. .

• on convertit chaque demande de ventilation de pièce en demandes de débit d'air associé à chaque conduit de distribution ;
• on calcule pour chaque conduit de distribution la valeur de pression nécessaire théorique dans le tronc commun pour assurer le débit demandé, en considérant que seule la vanne associée à ce conduit est en position d'ouverture maximale et en prenant en compte les pertes de charge pendant le trajet de l'air dans chaque conduit.

To meet the need to reduce energy consumption while reducing noise pollution, the document EP 3 502 580 recommends, in a method for distributing the ventilation air blown towards or extracted from the rooms of a dwelling through a distribution network comprising distribution ducts and controllable control valves to modulate the distributed air, to ensure transport of ventilation air at a minimum static pressure in the common supply or extraction trunk of the network. In this document, this minimum static pressure is predetermined by implementing the following steps:

• each room ventilation request is converted into air flow requests associated with each distribution duct;
• for each distribution duct, the theoretical necessary pressure value is calculated in the common trunk to ensure the requested flow rate, considering that only the valve associated with this duct is in the maximum open position and taking into account the pressure drops during the air path in each duct.

The value of the minimum static pressure is then determined as being the maximum pressure among the theoretical necessary pressure values calculated for all the ducts of the installation. The method continues by calculating, for each regulation valve, the opening position making it possible to obtain, for this minimum static pressure thus determined, the air flow required per duct, then by controlling the regulation valves to that they are positioned at the calculated opening positions. Finally, pressure regulation is carried out using the calculated minimum pressure as set point and the pressure measured in the common trunk as a measure.

A main drawback of the method described in the previous document is that it is sequential and requires determining the value of the minimum static pressure each time the ventilation needs change before being able to act on the opening positions of the control valves. .

In addition, a sudden change in setpoint here induces a risk of acoustic discomfort accompanied by a risk of instability of the system (pumping effect).

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to overcome the limitations of the prior art by proposing a simple solution making it possible to automatically adapt the pressure supplied by the fan to its minimum, and without having to calculate it beforehand.

• une pluralité de gaines d'extraction ou d'insufflation d'air, une première extrémité de chaque gaine d'extraction ou d'insufflation d'air étant raccordée à un piquage d'entrée ou de sortie d'air d'un caisson central comportant ledit ventilateur d'extraction ou d'insufflation d'air ;
• au moins une gaine de rejet ou d'entrée d'air, et
• une pluralité de régulateurs de débit à ouverture de passage réglable, associés chacun à une gaine d'extraction ou d'insufflation d'air parmi ladite pluralité de gaines d'extraction ou d'insufflation d'air,
  ledit procédé de régulation comprenant une modulation d'une ouverture de passage de chaque régulateur de débit pour qu'un débit traversant chaque régulateur de débit tende vers une consigne de débit par gaine correspondant à un besoin d'extraction ou d'insufflation d'air par gaine, pour une pression courante fournie par le ventilateur d'extraction ou d'insufflation d'air; et étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte, en parallèle de la modulation d'ouverture de passage de chaque régulateur de débit:
• une étape de détermination, parmi ladite pluralité de régulateurs de débit, d'un régulateur de débit dit de référence qui présente la plus grande ouverture de passage;
• une étape d'ajustement de la pression fournie par le ventilateur d'extraction ou d'insufflation d'air pour tendre à obtenir, pour le régulateur de débit de référence, une ouverture de passage correspondant à une ouverture maximum de passage prédéfinie, tout en respectant la consigne de débit pour la gaine associée au régulateur de débit de référence .

More specifically, the subject of the present invention is a method for regulating the pressure supplied by a fan for extracting or blowing air comprising a turbine with adjustable speed of rotation in a ventilation installation, said ventilation installation comprising besides:

• a plurality of air extraction or blowing ducts, a first end of each air extraction or blowing duct being connected to an air inlet or air outlet tapping of a central box comprising said air extraction or blowing fan;
• at least one exhaust or air inlet duct, and
• a plurality of flow regulators with adjustable passage opening, each associated with an air extraction or blowing duct from among said plurality of air extraction or blowing ducts,
  said regulation method comprising modulating a passage opening of each flow regulator so that a flow passing through each flow regulator tends towards a set flow rate per duct corresponding to a need for extraction or blowing of air by duct, for a current pressure supplied by the exhaust or air supply fan; and being characterized in that it comprises, in parallel with the aperture modulation of passage of each flow regulator:
• a step of determining, among said plurality of flow regulators, a so-called reference flow regulator which has the largest passage opening;
• a step of adjusting the pressure supplied by the extraction or air blowing fan to tend to obtain, for the reference flow regulator, a passage opening corresponding to a maximum predefined passage opening, while respecting the flow setpoint for the duct associated with the reference flow regulator.

In possible embodiments, the step of adjusting the pressure supplied consists of controlling said supplied pressure in a closed loop by adjusting the speed of rotation of the turbine of the extraction or air blowing fan to reduce the difference between a measurement of said supplied pressure and a pressure setpoint depending on a current open position Pos ^ref of the reference flow regulator.

• si la position d'ouverture courante Pos^ref du régulateur de débit de référence est supérieure à un niveau haut prédéfini, ladite consigne en pression est augmentée;
• inversement, si la position d'ouverture courante Pos^ref du régulateur de débit de référence est inférieure à un niveau bas prédéfini, la consigne en pression est diminuée ;
• si la position d'ouverture courante Pos^ref du régulateur de débit de référence est comprise entre le niveau haut prédéfini et le niveau bas prédéfini, ladite consigne en pression est inchangée.

In possible embodiments:

• if the current open position Pos ^ref of the reference flow regulator is greater than a predefined high level, said pressure set point is increased;
• conversely, if the current open position Pos ^ref of the reference flow regulator is lower than a predefined low level, the pressure setpoint is reduced;
• if the current open position Pos ^ref of the reference flow regulator is between the predefined high level and the predefined low level, said pressure set point is unchanged.

In possible embodiments, said pressure setpoint is slaved to reduce a difference between the current open position Pos ^ref of the reference flow regulator and a predefined setpoint CPOS.

As a variant, said pressure setpoint is determined by fuzzy logic as a function of the current opening position Pos ^ref of the reference flow regulator and a current rotational speed of the turbine of the extraction or insufflation fan d 'air.

Said maximum passage opening predefined for the reference flow regulator is preferably less than the maximum opening that the reference flow regulator can reach.

Said maximum passage opening predefined for the reference flow regulator is advantageously between 90% and 98% of the maximum opening that the reference flow regulator can reach.

In possible embodiments, the passage opening modulation and the steps of determining the reference flow regulator and adjusting the pressure supplied by the air extraction or supply fan are repeated each time. variation of the pressure supplied by the air extraction or blowing fan and/or each variation of a flow set point per duct corresponding to a need for extraction or air blowing per duct.

• un caisson central comportant un ventilateur d'extraction ou d'insufflation d'air comprenant une turbine à vitesse de rotation ajustable,
• une pluralité de gaines d'extraction ou d'insufflation d'air, une première extrémité de chaque gaine d'extraction ou d'insufflation d'air étant raccordée à un piquage d'entrée ou de sortie d'air dudit caisson central ;
• au moins une gaine de rejet ou d'entrée d'air, et
• une pluralité de régulateurs de débit à ouverture de passage réglable, associés chacun à une gaine d'extraction ou d'insufflation d'air parmi ladite pluralité de gaines d'extraction ou d'insufflation d'air,
  ladite installation étant en outre configurée pour mettre en œuvre le procédé de régulation de la pression fournie par le ventilateur d'extraction ou d'insufflation d'air ci-avant.

The present invention also relates to a ventilation installation comprising:

• a central box comprising a fan for extracting or insufflating air comprising a turbine with adjustable speed of rotation,
• a plurality of air extraction or blowing ducts, a first end of each air extraction or blowing duct being connected to an air inlet or air outlet of said central box;
• at least one exhaust or air inlet duct, and
• a plurality of flow regulators with adjustable passage opening, each associated with an air extraction or blowing duct from among said plurality of air extraction or blowing ducts,
  said installation being further configured to implement the process for regulating the pressure provided by the above extraction or air blowing fan.

Each flow regulator can be an air extraction or insufflation mouth arranged at a second end of the corresponding air extraction or insufflation duct.

As a variant, each flow regulator is a register arranged inside the corresponding air inlet or outlet tapping of said central box.

Brief description of figures

• La figure 1, déjà décrite ci-avant, illustre schématiquement une installation de ventilation à bouches d'extraction réglables ;
• La figure 2, déjà décrite ci-avant, illustre schématiquement une installation de ventilation à registres d'extraction réglables ;
• La figure 3 représente une modélisation des pertes de charge correspondant à une installation de ventilation à registres d'extraction réglables de la figure 2 ;
• La figure 4 illustre des étapes possibles pour un procédé de régulation de la pression fournie conforme à la présente invention ;
• La figure 5 illustre un schéma fonctionnel possible d'opérations susceptibles d'être mises en œuvre pour implémenter les étapes de la figure 4 ;
• La figure 6 illustre schématiquement un principe d'ajustement de la pression par niveau de seuils ;
• La figure 7 illustre schématiquement un principe d'ajustement de la pression par logique floue ;
• La figure 8 illustre schématiquement un principe d'ajustement de la pression par une imbrication de correcteurs.

The following description with reference to the appended drawings, given by way of non-limiting examples, will make it clear what the invention consists of and how it can be implemented. In the attached figures:

• There figure 1 , already described above, schematically illustrates a ventilation installation with adjustable extraction vents;
• There figure 2 , already described above, schematically illustrates a ventilation installation with adjustable extraction registers;
• There picture 3 represents a modeling of the pressure drops corresponding to a ventilation installation with adjustable extraction dampers of the figure 2 ;
• There figure 4 illustrates possible steps for a method of regulating the pressure supplied in accordance with the present invention;
• There figure 5 illustrates a possible block diagram of operations that could be implemented to implement the steps of the figure 4 ;
• There figure 6 schematically illustrates a principle of pressure adjustment by threshold level;
• There figure 7 schematically illustrates a principle of pressure adjustment by fuzzy logic;
• There figure 8 schematically illustrates a pressure adjustment principle by nesting correctors.

Description of embodiment(s)

In the figures, identical or equivalent elements will bear the same reference signs. The various diagrams are not to scale.

• N gaines d'extraction 4₁, 4₂, 4₃, une première extrémité de chaque gaine d'extraction d'air étant raccordée à un piquage d'entrée d'air 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ d'un caisson central 2 comportant un ventilateur 1 d'extraction;
• au moins une gaine de rejet d'air 8, et
• N régulateurs de débit à ouverture de passage réglable, sous forme de registres motorisés $5_1^{"},{\mathrm{5}}_2^{"}{,5}_3^{"}$
  
  associés chacun à une gaine d'extraction d'air parmi les N gaines d'extraction d'air.

The invention will be described in the non-limiting context of the air extraction ventilation installation shown schematically in picture 2 , including:

• N extraction ducts 4 ₁ , 4 ₂ , 4 ₃ , a first end of each air extraction duct being connected to an air inlet connection 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , 3 ₃ of a central box 2 comprising an exhaust fan 1;
• at least one air exhaust duct 8, and
• N flow regulators with adjustable passage opening, in the form of motorized dampers $5_1^{"},{\mathrm{5}}_2^{"}{,5}_3^{"}$
  
  each associated with an air extraction duct from among the N air extraction ducts.

The invention is also applicable to the case where the flow regulators with adjustable passage opening are air extraction or blowing vents as shown diagrammatically in the figure 1 .

• au moins une carte électronique principale constituant l'intelligence du système à partir de laquelle toutes les opérations de calculs, mesures et commandes nécessaires à la régulation sont lancées ;
• un capteur de pression ou tout moyen permettant de mesurer ou d'estimer la pression fournie par le ventilateur 1 dans le caisson central ;
• de capteurs aptes à déterminer les besoins de ventilation dans chaque pièces dans lesquelles les gaines débouchent.

It is also considered that the installation comprises the following elements, not represented on the picture 2 :

• at least one main electronic card constituting the intelligence of the system from which all the operations of calculations, measurements and commands necessary for the regulation are launched;
• a pressure sensor or any means making it possible to measure or estimate the pressure supplied by the fan 1 in the central box;
• sensors capable of determining the ventilation needs in each room into which the ducts open.

The pressure sensor can for example have a measurement point placed between the roof of the extraction fan 1 and the air inlet tappings and another measurement point outside to measure the atmospheric pressure P ₀ serving as reference.

The sensors able to determine the ventilation needs are preferably placed in the tappings of the central box 2, for example connected to an electronic card associated with each damper and configured to drive the damper motor and modulate the damper opening position. These sensors can be capable of detecting the humidity level, the CO ₂ level, the presence of a person, and/or any parameters capable of providing information on the quality of the air.

The invention is based on the principle of elementary physics which demonstrates that, in order to operate a ventilation installation permanently at an optimum pressure which is a compromise between the need for air renewal in the building, the electrical consumption of the ventilation system ventilation and heat losses, it suffices to have the least pressure drop possible in the installation, which amounts to reducing the available pressure to a minimum, while satisfying the necessary flow rate criteria defined by the regulations.

In a ventilation installation as shown schematically in the figure 2 , the pressure drops induced by the aeraulic network depend on the one hand, of each extraction branch (each branch comprising an extraction sheath and, at the two ends of the sheath, an extraction mouth and an extraction damper), and on the other hand, of the or rejection branches (each rejection branch comprising a rejection sheath and a roof cap).

• P^- est la pression statique mise à disposition par le ventilateur 1 d'extraction d'air au niveau du caisson central 2;
• P₀ est la pression atmosphérique (considérée dans la suite comme nulle par souci de simplification);
• ΔP est la différence entre la pression P₀ et la pression P^- mise à disposition par le ventilateur 1 d'extraction d'air ;
• P_R est la pression au niveau de la sortie 7 du caisson central 2, reliée à la gaine de rejet 8 ;
• k_R est un coefficient de perte de charge de la branche de rejet composée de la gaine de rejet 8 et du moyen de rejet 6 ;
• ΔP_R est la perte de charge de la branche de rejet ;
• B_i est une i^ème branche du réseau aéraulique (i étant un entier variant de 1 à N) ;
• P_i est la pression à l'entrée du registre 5"_i de la branche B_i ;
• ΔP_i est la perte de charge créée par le registre 5"_i de la branche B_i ;
• ΔPg_i est la perte de charge créée de la branche B_i, en dehors du registre 5"_i, en d'autres termes, la perte de charge associée à la gaine d'extraction 4_i ;
• kreg_i est le coefficient de perte de charge créée par le registre 5"_i de la branche B_i, pour une position donnée du registre 5"_i;
• k_i est le coefficient de perte de charge associé à la branche B_i, en dehors du registre 5"_i, en d'autres termes, le coefficient de perte de charge associé à la gaine d'extraction 4_i ;
• Q_i est le débit au niveau de chaque branche B_i ;
• Q_T est le débit du ventilateur 1 d'extraction d'air, et correspond à la somme des débits Q_i au niveau de chaque branche B_i.

There picture 3 represents a modeling of the aeraulic network of an installation similar to that represented schematically on the figure 2 , comprising N branches referenced B ₁ to B _N . The following notations and references are used for this diagram:

• P ^- is the static pressure provided by the air extraction fan 1 at the central box 2;
• P ₀ is the atmospheric pressure (considered hereinafter as zero for the sake of simplification);
• ΔP is the difference between the pressure P ₀ and the pressure P ⁻ provided by the air extraction fan 1;
• P _R is the pressure at the outlet 7 of the central box 2, connected to the rejection sheath 8;
• k _R is a pressure drop coefficient of the rejection branch made up of the rejection sheath 8 and of the rejection means 6;
• ΔP _R is the head loss of the rejection branch;
• B _i is an i ^th branch of the aeraulic network (i being an integer varying from 1 to N);
• P _i is the pressure at the inlet of register 5" _i of branch B _i ;
• ΔP _i is the pressure drop created by register 5" _i of branch B _i ;
• ΔPg _i is the pressure drop created from the branch B _i , outside the register 5″ _i , in other words, the pressure drop associated with the extraction duct 4 _i ;
• kreg _i is the pressure drop coefficient created by register 5" _i of branch B _i , for a given position of register 5"_i;
• k _i is the pressure drop coefficient associated with branch B _i , outside register 5″ _i , in other words, the pressure drop coefficient associated with extraction duct 4 _i ;
• Q _i is the flow rate at each branch B _i ;
• Q _T is the flow rate of the air extraction fan 1, and corresponds to the sum of the flow rates Q _i at the level of each branch B _i .

The air extraction fan 1 is a fan whose turbine rotates at variable and controllable speed.

dans laquelle a est un coefficient permettant de prendre en compte les effets turbulents dus aux frottements à l'intérieur des gaines qui modifient le comportement de la perte de charge.It is known that the pressure drop ΔPg _i in each branch B _i can be calculated by the following relation (1):
[Math. 1] $$\Delta {\mathrm{Pg}}_{\mathrm{I}}={\mathrm{k}}_{\mathrm{I}}*{\mathrm{Q}}_{\mathrm{I}}^{\mathrm{To}}=\Delta \mathrm{P}-\Delta {\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{I}}$$

in which a is a coefficient making it possible to take into account the turbulent effects due to friction inside the ducts which modify the behavior of the head loss.

In possible implementations of the method according to the invention, it can be considered that this coefficient a is equal to 2, so that the relation (1) above becomes the following relation (2):
[Math. 2] $$\Delta {\mathrm{Pg}}_{\mathrm{I}}={\mathrm{k}}_{\mathrm{I}}*{\mathrm{Q}}_{\mathrm{I}}^2=\Delta \mathrm{P}-\Delta {\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{I}}$$

Thus, the only elements liable to add pressure drop to the installation of the figure 2 And 3 and on which it is possible to intervene are the registers.

The search for an optimum in the pressure P ⁻ provided by the fan 1 consists, in accordance with the invention, in ensuring that at least one of the registers (or more generally one of the flow regulators) of the installation is maintained at the widest possible opening while ensuring that all flow requirements per duct are met.

In accordance with the figure 4 , a method 100 for regulating the pressure supplied by the air extraction fan 1 at the level of the central box 2 essentially comprises, in accordance with the invention, the steps summarized below, controlled by a controller preferably carried by the main electronic card, the latter being advantageously positioned inside the central box 2:

est modulée pour qu'un débit Q_i traversant chaque registre tende vers une consigne CQ_i de débit par gaine correspondant à un besoin d'extraction ou d'insufflation d'air par gaine, pour une pression courante P^-fournie par le ventilateur 1 d'extraction, mesurée par le capteur de pression. Cette étape 101 comprend classiquement la détermination du débit d'air traversant chaque registre, la comparaison de ce débit d'air déterminé avec la consigne de débit par gaine, et la modulation de l'obturation de l'ouverture de passage en fonction du résultat de la comparaison. Par exemple, si le registre est du type possédant un volet mobile en rotation pour obturer plus ou moins l'ouverture de passage, la modulation consistera à commander la rotation du volet.During a step referenced 101 on the figure 4 , the passage opening of each register $5_{\mathrm{I}}^{"}$

is modulated so that a flow rate Q _i passing through each damper tends towards a flow rate set point CQ _i per duct corresponding to a need for extracting or blowing air per duct, for a current pressure P ^- supplied by the fan 1 extraction, measured by the pressure sensor. This step 101 conventionally comprises the determination of the air flow passing through each damper, the comparison of this determined air flow with the flow set point per duct, and the modulation of the closing of the passage opening according to the result. of the comparison. For example, if the damper is of the type having a movable flap in rotation to more or less close the passage opening, the modulation will consist in controlling the rotation of the flap.

In parallel with step 101 of modulation, method 100 further comprises, in accordance with the invention, the following steps:

During a step 102, the register which has the largest passage opening at the end of step 101 is determined among the N registers. This register thus determined will constitute a reference register for the next step.

During a step 103, the pressure supplied by the air extraction fan 1 is then adjusted to tend to obtain, for the reference register determined in step 102, a passage opening of the reference register corresponding to a predefined maximum passage opening, while respecting the flow set point for the duct associated with this reference damper.

In one possible embodiment, step 103 consists in checking, during a step 103a, whether a current open position Pos ^ref occupied by the reference register corresponds to a set position, or at the very least is between a high level and a defined low level, and to make an adjustment 103b (namely an increase or a decrease) of the pressure supplied by the fan 1 for extracting or insufflating air as long as the condition of the step 103a is not verified.

Steps 101 to 103 are repeated preferably at each pressure variation supplied by the air extraction fan 1 and/or at each variation a flow setpoint per duct corresponding to a new air extraction need.

There figure 5 illustrates a functional diagram of operations likely to be implemented for a possible implementation of the preceding steps 101 to 103:

(dans la suite, désignée pour simplifier comme étant la position du registre $5_{\mathrm{i}}^{"}$

) pour respecter la consigne CQ_i de débit par gaine. Cette position est déterminée grâce à une fonction f à deux variables telle que :
[Math. 3] $${\mathrm{Pos}}_{\mathrm{i}}=\mathrm{f}\left({\mathrm{CQ}}_{\mathrm{i}},\Delta {\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{i}}\right)$$

The functional block 10 represents the operations carried out to determine the position Pos _i which the closing means of each register must occupy. $5_{\mathrm{I}}^{"}$

(hereinafter, referred to for simplicity as being the position of the register $5_{\mathrm{I}}^{"}$

) to comply with the CQ _i flow rate set point per duct. This position is determined using a two-variable function f such that:
[Math. 3] $${\mathrm{Pos}}_{\mathrm{I}}=\mathrm{f}\left({\mathrm{QC}}_{\mathrm{I}},\Delta {\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{I}}\right)$$

The flow setpoint CQ _i per duct is determined according to the needs to satisfy the renewal of air in the rooms concerned. It may be the result of control laws taking into account the measurements made by the various sensors.

The function f is determined by experimentation. The function f can be a polynomial regression, a function of point interpolations (“mapping”), an equation resulting from fluid dynamics or any other form of mathematical calculation making it possible to obtain the position of the register.

The variable ΔP _i is itself determined by the following relationship (4), which results from the relationship (2) above, in which the flowrate Q _i has been replaced by the flowrate setpoint CQ _i , and considered that the atmospheric pressure P ₀ is zero:
[Math. 4] $$\Delta {\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{I}}={\mathrm{P}}^{-}-{\mathrm{k}}_{\mathrm{I}}*{\mathrm{QC}}_{\mathrm{I}}^{\mathrm{2}}$$

The values of the pressure drop coefficients k _i associated with each extraction duct 4 _i have been determined beforehand and stored in a memory of the main electronic board.

pour que son moyen d'obturation adopte cette position. Pour ce faire, la carte électronique principale et les cartes électroniques associées à chaque registre portent des moyens de communication aptes à échanger des informations sur une liaison de communication, de préférence une liaison par Bus. Dans le cas où les régulateurs de débit à ouverture réglable sont des bouches et non des registres, la liaison de communication est de préférence sans fil entre la carte électronique principale et les cartes électroniques associées à chaque bouche.Each calculated value Pos _i , is communicated to the register concerned $5_{\mathrm{I}}^{"}$

so that its closure means adopts this position. To do this, the main electronic card and the electronic cards associated with each register carry communication means capable of exchanging information over a communication link, preferably a Bus link. In the case where the flow regulators with adjustable opening are outlets and not dampers, the communication link is preferably wireless between the main electronic card and the electronic cards associated with each outlet.

Function block 20 represents the reference register determination made in step 102 of the figure 4 , which corresponds to the register which has the greatest passage opening at the moment in question. In the following, we denote Pos ^ref the opening position occupied by the means of closing the reference register, such that:
[Math. 5] $${\mathrm{Pos}}^{\mathrm{ref}}=\mathrm{MAX}\left({\mathrm{Pos}}_{\mathrm{I}}\right)$$

correspondant à une ouverture maximum de passage prédéfinie, tout en respectant la consigne de débit CQ^ref pour la gaine associée à ce registre de référence. Le correcteur 31 utilisé dans l'asservissement en boucle fermée 30 peut être un correcteur proportionnel, un correcteur proportionnel-intégrateur, un correcteur proportionnel Intégrateur Dérivateur, un régulateur RST, un correcteur à commande par retour d'état, un correcteur à commande prédictive ou tout autre correcteur connu.Stage 103 of the figure 4 is here implemented by a closed-loop control 30 of the pressure P ^- supplied by the fan 1 which adjusts, by a command U, the speed of rotation of the turbine of the fan 1 to reduce the difference ε between a measurement of the pressure P ^- and a pressure setpoint W itself adjusted, at the level of a functional block referenced 40 on the figure 5 , to obtain, from the opening position Pos ^ref occupied by the reference register and determined in step 102, an opening position ${\mathrm{Pos}}_{\max }^{\mathrm{ref}}$

corresponding to a predefined maximum passage opening, while respecting the flow rate setpoint CQ ^ref for the duct associated with this reference damper. The corrector 31 used in the closed-loop servo-control 30 can be a proportional corrector, a proportional-integrator corrector, a proportional Integrator-Derivative corrector, an RST regulator, a control corrector by state feedback, a predictive control corrector or any other known corrector.

est de préférence inférieure à la position d'ouverture maximum réellement atteignable pour le registre de référence. En effet, lorsqu'un registre est complètement ouvert, il est à sa position maximale de saturation pour laquelle on ne peut plus considérer qu'il y a une parfaite égalité ente la consigne CQ_i et le débit réel Q_i de sorte que la relation (4) ci-dessus ne serait pas exacte. A titre d'exemple non limitatif, pour un registre classique dont l'ouverture maximale (100%) peut être obtenue lorsque le volet d'obturation est orienté à 90 degrés, la position d'ouverture maximum prédéfinie ${\mathrm{Pos}}_{\max }^{\mathrm{ref}}$

est de préférence supérieure ou égale à un niveau bas fixé par exemple à 90% d'ouverture, et inférieure ou égale à un niveau haut fixé par exemple à 98% d'ouverture.It should be noted at this point that the preset maximum open position ${\mathrm{Pos}}_{\max }^{\mathrm{ref}}$

is preferably lower than the maximum open position actually attainable for the reference register. Indeed, when a damper is completely open, it is at its maximum saturation position for which it can no longer be considered that there is perfect equality between the setpoint CQ _i and the actual flow rate Q _i so that the relationship (4) above would not be accurate. By way of non-limiting example, for a conventional damper whose maximum opening (100%) can be obtained when the shutter flap is oriented at 90 degrees, the predefined maximum opening position ${\mathrm{Pos}}_{\max }^{\mathrm{ref}}$

is preferably greater than or equal to a low level set for example at 90% opening, and less than or equal to a high level set for example at 98% opening.

The principle of adjusting the pressure setpoint W is based on the observation that, to maintain the flow setpoint associated with the duct in which this damper is located, any damper will adapt its opening position according to the pressure P ^- available (function block 10 and step 101). In other words, if the pressure P ⁻ decreases, both the reference damper and the other dampers will increase their passage opening to maintain the flow rate corresponding to the flow setpoint associated with their branch. On the other hand, if the pressure P ^- increases, the dampers must reduce their passage opening to maintain the flow corresponding to the flow set point.

• si la position d'ouverture courante Pos^ref occupée par le registre de référence est supérieure au niveau haut prédéfini, la consigne W en pression est augmentée. Il s'ensuit que la pression disponible P^- va augmenter, et que le registre de référence (ainsi d'ailleurs que tous les autres registres) va être commandé pour se fermer un peu plus de manière à maintenir sa consigne de débit ;
• inversement, si la position d'ouverture courante Pos^ref occupée par le registre de référence est inférieure au niveau bas prédéfini, la consigne W en pression est diminuée. Il s'ensuit que la pression disponible P^- va diminuer, et que le registre de référence (ainsi d'ailleurs que tous les autres registres) va être commandé pour s'ouvrir un peu plus de manière à maintenir sa consigne de débit ;
• si la position d'ouverture courante Pos^ref occupée par le registre de référence est située entre le niveau bas et le niveau haut prédéfini, la consigne W en pression est inchangée.

Functional block 40 therefore applies the previous adjustment principle as follows:

• if the current open position Pos ^ref occupied by the reference register is greater than the predefined high level, the pressure setpoint W is increased. It follows that the available pressure P ^- will increase, and that the reference damper (as well as all the other dampers) will be controlled to close a little more so as to maintain its flow setpoint;
• conversely, if the current open position Pos ^ref occupied by the reference register is lower than the predefined low level, the pressure setpoint W is reduced. It follows that the available pressure P ^- will decrease, and that the reference damper (as well as all the other dampers) will be commanded to open a little more so as to maintain its setpoint of debit ;
• if the current open position Pos ^ref occupied by the reference register is located between the low level and the predefined high level, the pressure setpoint W is unchanged.

The functional block 40 can be realized by using an adjustment by level of thresholds, as schematized on the figure 6 . In this case, the aforementioned high level and low level correspond to the activation thresholds for the increase, respectively, of the decrease, of the pressure setpoint W. An increase slope 41 and a decrease slope 42 are in also used to apply an increase in the setpoint W or a decrease in the setpoint W depending on whether the current open position Pos ^ref occupied by the reference register is greater than the high level, respectively less than the low level. These slopes 41 and 42 both have the dimension of a setpoint over time (for example an increase/decrease of 5 Pascals per minute). The high level, the low level and the two slopes 41, 42 thus constitute the adjustment parameters of the pressure setpoint W. These parameters can be determined according to the dynamics of the system, either by calculation, or experimentally, or in any other way ensuring the convergence and stability of the system. A limiter 43 is advantageously used to ensure that the setpoint W remains within the capacity limits of the air extraction fan 1. Thus, the two limit values Limmin and Lim _max of the limiter 43 correspond respectively to the minimum pressure and to the maximum pressure that the fan 1 can supply, for respectively a minimum speed and a maximum speed of this fan.

The functional block 40 can also be implemented, as shown schematically in the figure 7 , using the classic principles of adjusting a fuzzy control (or fuzzy logic) (fuzzification then defuzzification). This makes it possible to add, in addition to the Pos ^ref input variable, other input variables (for example the speed Vit ^ref of the fan turbine). This solution has the advantage of being able to dynamically modify the value of the two slopes 41, 42 of the previous solution, in other words of increasing or decreasing the pressure setpoint W more or less rapidly.

• si le registre le plus ouvert est complètement ouvert ET si la turbine du ventilateur tourne à faible vitesse, alors il faut augmenter rapidement la pression
• si le registre le plus ouvert est faiblement ouvert ET si la turbine du ventilateur tourne à grande vitesse, alors il faut diminuer rapidement la pression.
• si le registre le plus ouvert est complètement ouvert ET si la turbine du ventilateur tourne à grande vitesse, alors il faut augmenter doucement la pression
• si le registre le plus ouvert est faiblement ouvert ET si la turbine du ventilateur tourne à faible vitesse, alors il faut diminuer doucement la pression.
• si le registre le plus ouvert est très ouvert ET que le ventilateur tourne à vitesse normale alors il faut maintenir la pression.

By way of non-limiting example schematized on the figure 7 , fuzzy criteria such as "the most open damper is fully open", "the most open damper is slightly open" are determined on the input variable Pos ^ref from block 20, and such as "the fan turbine is running at low speed", "the fan turbine is running at high speed" on the input variable Speed ^ref . We then carry out a fuzzy reasoning by applying fuzzy laws such as:

• if the most open damper is completely open AND if the fan impeller is running at low speed, then the pressure must be increased quickly
• if the most open damper is slightly open AND if the fan impeller is rotating at high speed, then the pressure must be reduced quickly.
• if the most open damper is fully open AND the fan impeller is spinning at high speed, then the pressure needs to be increased slowly
• if the most open damper is slightly open AND if the fan impeller is running at low speed, then the pressure must be reduced slowly.
• if the most open damper is very open AND the fan is running at normal speed then the pressure must be maintained.

It is understood here that there are an infinity of possibilities for carrying out the fuzzy control. These possibilities are dealt with during the development by successive iterations to arrive at a satisfactory adjustment allowing the stability necessary for the system but also its reactivity. The application of the principles of fuzzy logic makes it possible to determine the pressure setpoint W. In the non-limiting example of the figure 7 , this is the result of the acceleration of the fan speed resulting from the de-fuzzification. When the acceleration is zero, the pressure setpoint W is maintained, when the acceleration is negative, the pressure setpoint W decreases more or less rapidly, and when the acceleration is positive the pressure setpoint W increases more or less rapidly . This is handled by the post-processing block which also preferably includes the limiter 43 described with reference to figure 6 .

citée ci-avant. On retrouve également dans le bloc fonctionnel 40 le limiteur 43 décrit à la figure 6, dont le rôle est de garantir que la consigne de pression W reste bien dans les limites de capacité du ventilateur 1 d'extraction d'air. Cette solution peut s'avérer moins fastidieuse à réaliser que la précédente puisque l'utilisation d'un correcteur classique (type Proportionnel Intégrateur, ou Proportionnel Intégrateur Dérivateur) est bien connue ainsi que son réglage.The functional block 40 can also be produced by nesting correctors. This consists of adding to the closed-loop servo-control 30 a regulation loop in which the setpoint W becomes the variable to be servo-controlled as schematized on the figure 8 . The functional block 40 comprises another servo loop, comprising a second corrector 44 and which adjusts, by a command U', the pressure setpoint W to reduce a difference ε' between the current open position Pos ^ref occupied by the reference register and determined in step 102, and a predefined CPOS setpoint (for example a setpoint fixed at 95%), corresponding to the predefined maximum opening position ${\mathrm{Pos}}_{\max }^{\mathrm{ref}}$

cited above. We also find in the functional block 40 the limiter 43 described in figure 6 , whose role is to guarantee that the pressure setpoint W remains within the capacity limits of the air extraction fan 1 . This solution may turn out to be less tedious to implement than the previous one since the use of a conventional corrector (Proportional Integrator type, or Proportional Integrator Differentiator type) is well known, as is its adjustment.

In any case, thanks to the use of the limiter 43, it is guaranteed that the speed of rotation of the fan motor will never be lower than a minimum speed below which the fan cannot operate.

It can be seen that the functional block 20 on the one hand, and the functional block 40 associated with the closed-loop servo-control 30 on the other hand, interact and bring about a convergence of the system towards a stable state which makes it possible to satisfy the needs of the system. all of the ducts while guaranteeing operation at a minimum P- pressure, optimizing acoustic discomfort and system consumption. In addition, the fact of having two regulations carried out in parallel, namely on the one hand, the modulation of the passage opening of the registers to tend towards a flow rate setpoint per duct according to the current pressure delivered by the fan , and on the other hand, the adjustment of the pressure delivered by the fan to tend to obtain, for the reference damper, a passage opening corresponding to a maximum predefined passage opening, makes it possible to avoid having variations sudden changes in the rotation speed setpoint of the fan turbine 1, even in the case of a sudden change in one of the flow rate setpoints per duct. This also contributes to optimizing the consumption of the system as well as the acoustic discomfort, since a sudden variation in the speed of rotation of the motor is more perceptible to the human ear than a gentle variation. Indeed, as block 40 includes the acceleration/deceleration slopes of the setpoint pressure W (slopes 41 and 42 in the case of the adjustment by level of thresholds illustrated in the figure 6 ; Output in acceleration in the case of a fuzzy control illustrated on the figure 7 ; and correction 44 in the case of a regulation nesting illustrated on the FIG. 8 ), motor speed variations are dampened in the event of a setpoint change, promoting the continuous stability of the system.

As indicated previously, the application of relation (4) requires knowledge of the pressure drop coefficients k _i associated with the extraction ducts 4 _i , these having been determined beforehand and stored in a memory of the electronic card main. These coefficients may have been determined using simulation software in which the parameters of the installation have been entered (such as the number of ducts, lengths and geometry of the ducts, position of the dampers).

• on commande le régulateur de débit associé à la i^ème gaine d'extraction ou d'insufflation d'air pour qu'il soit dans une position ouverte et tous les autres régulateurs de débit pour qu'ils soient dans une position fermée ;
• on active le ventilateur 1 d'extraction ou d'insufflation d'air à une vitesse donnée ;
• on détermine le débit Q_T du ventilateur 1 d'extraction ou d'insufflation d'air et on mesure la différence ΔP entre la pression atmosphérique P₀ et la pression P^-mise à disposition par le ventilateur 1 d'extraction ou d'insufflation d'air. La détermination du débit Q_T peut être faite en utilisant une cartographie du ventilateur mémorisée au préalable dans une mémoire de la carte électronique principale, cette cartographie donnant d'une part, la valeur du débit Q_T en fonction de la puissance absorbée par le ventilateur, de sa vitesse de rotation et de sa commande, et d'autre part, la pression P^- mise à disposition par le ventilateur 1 d'extraction d'air en fonction du débit Q_T. Ainsi, en mesurant la puissance consommée et la vitesse du ventilateur, on peut obtenir une estimation du débit Q_T, et de la pression P^- ;
• on calcule le coefficient de perte de charge k_i à partir du débit Q_T déterminé et de la différence ΔP mesurée par application de la relation (6) suivante :
  [Math. 6] $${\mathrm{k}}_{\mathrm{i}}=\frac{\Delta \mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P\; Q\; T"\; filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0002.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}{{\mathrm{Q}}_{\mathrm{T}}^{}}-{\mathrm{kreg}}_{\mathrm{i}}$$
  
  dans laquelle kreg_i est le coefficient de perte de charge créée par le registre 5"_i de la branche B_i, pour une position donnée du registre 5"_i. Chaque registre ayant été caractérisé au préalable, les valeurs kreg_i sont connues pour chaque valeur de débit possible Q_i et pour chaque position possible du registre, et mémorisées dans la mémoire de la carte électronique principale.

As a preferred variant, these coefficients may have been determined during a self-calibration phase of the installation carried out in situ. Such a self-calibration phase can for example include the following steps:

• controlling the flow regulator associated with the i ^th air extraction or blowing duct so that it is in an open position and all the other flow regulators so that they are in a closed position;
• the fan 1 for extracting or blowing air is activated at a given speed;
• the flow rate Q _T of the extraction or air supply fan 1 is determined and the difference ΔP is measured between the atmospheric pressure P ₀ and the pressure P ^- made available by the extraction or supply fan 1 of air. The determination of the flow rate Q _T can be made using a map of the fan stored beforehand in a memory of the main electronic card, this map giving on the one hand, the value of the flow rate Q _T according to the power absorbed by the fan , its speed of rotation and its control, and on the other hand, the pressure P ⁻ made available by the air extraction fan 1 as a function of the flow rate Q _T . Thus, by measuring the power consumed and the speed of the fan, it is possible to obtain an estimate of the flow rate Q _T , and of the pressure P ⁻ ;
• the pressure drop coefficient k _i is calculated from the flow rate Q _T determined and the difference ΔP measured by applying the following relationship (6):
  [Math. 6] $${\mathrm{k}}_{\mathrm{I}}=\frac{\Delta \mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P\; Q\; T"\; filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0002.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}{{\mathrm{Q}}_{\mathrm{T}}^{}}-{\mathrm{kreg}}_{\mathrm{I}}$$
  
  in which kreg _i is the pressure drop coefficient created by register 5" _i of branch B _i , for a given position of register 5" _i . Each register having been characterized beforehand, the values kreg _i are known for each possible flow rate value Q _i and for each possible position of the register, and stored in the memory of the main electronic card.

An advantage of determining in situ the pressure drop coefficients k _i associated with the extraction ducts 4 _i lies in the fact that the self-calibration phase can be carried out not only when the installation is put into service for the first time, but also at any time during the use of the installation, which makes it possible in particular to take into account a possible evolution of the pressure drops, linked for example to fouling of the extraction ducts.

Claims (11)

Method for regulating the pressure supplied by an air extraction or supply fan (1) comprising a turbine with adjustable rotation speed in a ventilation installation, said ventilation installation further comprising: - a plurality of air extraction or blowing ducts (4 ₁ , 4 ₂ , 4 ₃ ), a first end of each air extraction or blowing duct (4 ₁ , 4 ₂ , 4 ₃ ) being connected to an air inlet or outlet tapping (3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , 3 ₃ ) of a central box (2) comprising said fan (1) for extracting or blowing air ; - at least one exhaust or air inlet duct (8), and - a plurality of flow regulators ( $5_1{,5}_2{,5}_3;5_1^{"}{,5}_2^{"}{,5}_3^{"}$

) with adjustable passage opening, each associated with an air extraction or blowing duct from among said plurality of air extraction or blowing ducts (4 ₁ ,4 ₂ ,4 ₃ ), said regulation method comprising modulation (101) of a passage opening of each flow regulator (5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , 5 ₃ ; $5_1^{"}{,5}_2^{"}{,5}_3^{"}$

) so that a flow rate passing through each flow regulator tends towards a flow rate set point per duct corresponding to a need for extraction or blowing of air per duct, for a current pressure supplied by the extraction fan (1) or air insufflation, and being characterized in that it comprises, in parallel with the modulation (101) of the passage opening of each flow regulator: - a step (102) of determining, among said plurality of flow regulators, a so-called reference flow regulator which has the largest passage opening; - a step (103) of adjusting the pressure supplied by the air extraction or blowing fan (1) to tend to obtain, for the reference flow regulator, a passage opening corresponding to an opening maximum predefined passage, while respecting the flow set point for the duct associated with the reference flow regulator . Method according to claim 1, in which the step (103) of adjusting the pressure supplied consists of controlling in a closed loop said pressure supplied by adjusting the speed of rotation of the turbine of the extraction fan (1) or blowing air to reduce the difference between a measurement of said supplied pressure and a pressure setpoint depending on a current open position Pos ^ref of the reference flow regulator. A method according to claim 2, wherein - if the current open position Pos ^ref of the reference flow regulator is greater than a predefined high level, said pressure setpoint is increased; - Conversely, if the current open position Pos ^ref of the reference flow regulator is lower than a predefined low level, the pressure setpoint is reduced; - if the current open position Pos ^ref of the reference flow regulator is between the predefined high level and the predefined low level, said pressure setpoint is unchanged. Method according to claim 2, in which said pressure setpoint is slaved to reduce a difference between the current open position Pos ^ref of the reference flow regulator and a predefined setpoint CPOS. Method according to Claim 2, in which the said pressure setpoint is determined by fuzzy logic as a function of the current opening position Pos ^ref of the reference flow regulator and of a current rotation speed of the turbine of the fan (1) extraction or air supply. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the said maximum passage opening predefined for the reference flow regulator is less than the maximum opening which the reference flow regulator can reach. Method according to Claim 6, in which the said maximum passage opening predefined for the reference flow regulator is between 90% and 98% of the maximum opening that the reference flow regulator can reach. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the modulation (101) of passage opening and the steps of determining (102) the reference flow regulator and adjusting (103) the pressure supplied by the fan (1) extraction or insufflation of air are repeated at each variation of the pressure supplied by the fan (1) for extracting or insufflating air and/or each variation of a flow rate setpoint per duct corresponding to a need for extracting or insufflating air by sheath. Ventilation installation comprising: - a central box (2) comprising a fan (1) for extracting or insufflating air comprising a turbine with adjustable speed of rotation, - a plurality of air extraction or blowing ducts (4 ₁ , 4 ₂ , 4 ₃ ), a first end of each air extraction or blowing duct (4 ₁ , 4 ₂ , 4 ₃ ) being connected to an air inlet or outlet (3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , 3 ₃ ) of said central box (2); - at least one exhaust or air inlet duct (8), and - a plurality of flow regulators (5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , 5 ₃ ; $5_1^{"}{,5}_2^{"}{,5}_3^{"}$

) with adjustable passage opening, each associated with an air extraction or blowing duct from among said plurality of air extraction or blowing ducts (4 ₁ ,4 ₂ ,4 ₃ ),
said installation being further configured to implement a method of regulating the pressure supplied by the fan (1) for extracting or insufflating air according to any one of Claims 1 to 8. Ventilation installation according to Claim 9, in which each flow regulator (5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , 5 ₃ ) is an air extraction or air supply vent arranged at a second end of the extraction or air duct. air injection (4 ₁ , 4 ₂ , 4 ₃ ) corresponding. Ventilation installation according to Claim 9, in which each flow regulator ( $5_1^{"}{,5}_2^{"}{,5}_3^{"}$

) is a register arranged inside the air inlet or outlet tapping (3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , 3 ₃ ) corresponding to said central box (2).

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