EP4217141A1 - Procédé de découpe au laser - Google Patents

Procédé de découpe au laser

Info

Publication number
EP4217141A1
EP4217141A1 EP21777725.9A EP21777725A EP4217141A1 EP 4217141 A1 EP4217141 A1 EP 4217141A1 EP 21777725 A EP21777725 A EP 21777725A EP 4217141 A1 EP4217141 A1 EP 4217141A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutting
nozzle
workpiece
speed
laser
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21777725.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christoph Kraus
Patrick Mach
Michael Krutzke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen SE and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen SE and Co KG filed Critical Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen SE and Co KG
Publication of EP4217141A1 publication Critical patent/EP4217141A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K31/10—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to cutting or desurfacing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
    • B23K26/1464—Supply to, or discharge from, nozzles of media, e.g. gas, powder, wire
    • B23K26/1476—Features inside the nozzle for feeding the fluid stream through the nozzle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for laser fusion cutting of a workpiece, in particular a plate-shaped workpiece, in which a laser beam and a cutting gas, in particular nitrogen, are directed at the workpiece surface at a cutting gas pressure by means of a convergent cutting nozzle, and the laser power is at least 6 kW.
  • a laser beam and a cutting gas in particular nitrogen
  • the laser power is at least 6 kW.
  • the material of the workpiece is melted to form a cutting gap and blown out of the cutting gap in liquid form using a cutting gas.
  • the workpiece can be a sheet metal, in particular a metal and/or electrically conductive sheet metal.
  • the laser beam and the workpiece are moved relative to one another along a (usually variable) cutting direction, with the cutting gap being formed in the workpiece counter to the cutting direction.
  • the properties of the cutting gas jet exiting the nozzle can have an impact on the quality of the cutting gap. It is therefore known that the cutting gas jet can be influenced by the shape of the nozzle and the cutting gas pressure:
  • DE102016215019A1 discloses a method for fusion cutting with a convergent nozzle, in which the cutting gas has a cutting gas pressure of at most 10 bar, the nozzle has an opening diameter of at least 7 mm and the distance between the nozzle end face and the workpiece surface is ⁇ 0.5 mm to minimize cutting gas consumption.
  • the cutting gas has a cutting gas pressure of at most 10 bar
  • the nozzle has an opening diameter of at least 7 mm
  • the distance between the nozzle end face and the workpiece surface is ⁇ 0.5 mm to minimize cutting gas consumption.
  • WO2018068853A1 describes a laser cutting method with a Laval nozzle, in which workpieces with a thickness of 1 to 4 mm are cut with a cutting gas pressure of between 8 and 23 bar and a distance between the nozzle and the workpiece surface of between 3 and 6 mm. This cutting process also has an increased risk of collision due to the large dimensions of the Laval nozzle.
  • the cutting nozzle has a nozzle end face on the workpiece side, the distance A of which is 2 to 8 mm from the workpiece surface during cutting, preferably during the entire cutting process (i.e. also during phases in which the laser is switched off, e.g. during flying piercing). has a value between 4 mm and 8 mm.
  • the distance A of the nozzle end face can also be between 3 mm and 4 mm according to an example.
  • the cutting nozzle has a nozzle channel with a diameter do on the workpiece-side nozzle face of 1.5 to 4 mm, in particular 2 to 3.3 mm, preferably 2 to 2.7 mm or 3 to 3.3 mm. on.
  • the nozzle face is the end surface of the nozzle that is aligned with the workpiece during the cutting process.
  • a cutting gas pressure of 15 to 30 bar is used before it emerges from the cutting nozzle.
  • the cutting gas pressure before exiting the cutting nozzle can be between 22 bar and 24 bar.
  • a convergent nozzle is used, that is to say a nozzle which has a nozzle channel which tapers in the direction of flow.
  • the exit cross-section (nozzle diameter on the nozzle end face on the tool side) is therefore also the smallest cross-section of the nozzle channel. Due to the small nozzle channel cross section and the shape of the nozzle channel, a compact nozzle can be used in the method according to the invention, which in turn results in a small interfering contour and thus a reduced risk of collision.
  • the process distance (distance between the nozzle end face on the workpiece side and the workpiece surface) is selected to be relatively large (2-8 mm). This further reduces the risk of collision. In addition, it is ensured that, despite the small cross section of the nozzle channel, there is sufficient gas coverage of the cutting gap.
  • the process distance according to the invention is compensated for by using a correspondingly large cutting gas pressure (15 to 30 bar).
  • a correspondingly large cutting gas pressure (15 to 30 bar).
  • the method according to the invention results in a very small disruptive contour of the cutting nozzle and a low risk of collision, so that process reliability is increased.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to carry out a fusion cutting process with high cutting speeds (advance speed of the cutting nozzle relative to the workpiece during cutting), even with large workpieces.
  • the distance from the nozzle end face to the workpiece surface is maintained throughout the entire cutting process. There is therefore no need to adjust the distance during the cutting process, which further increases the productivity of the overall process.
  • a single-channel nozzle or an annular gap nozzle is used as the cutting nozzle.
  • the cutting gas pressure prior to exiting the cutting nozzle is preferably more than 18 bar, in particular at least 20 bar. In a special variant, the cutting gas pressure is at least 24 bar.
  • the cutting nozzle is moved relative to the workpiece at least temporarily at a cutting speed of at least 60 m/min.
  • the maximum feed rate during cutting i.e. with the laser beam directed onto the workpiece
  • the cutting speed is referred to as the cutting speed.
  • the focus position of the laser is selected so that it is on the workpiece surface or in the workpiece half facing the cutting nozzle, in particular between 0.2 mm and 1.5 mm below the top side of the sheet.
  • the highest cutting speed can be achieved in this focal position range.
  • the laser power is preferably at least 10 kW during cutting. Due to the high used in the method according to the invention laser power, it is possible to process thick workpieces. The method according to the invention can therefore be carried out particularly advantageously on workpieces with a workpiece thickness D of at least 4 mm.
  • a particularly preferred variant of the method according to the invention provides that the laser beam pierces the workpiece surface at at least one piercing point, while the cutting nozzle moves relative to the workpiece (flying piercing).
  • Such a process variant is used above all when many small workpiece parts arranged in a line with straight contour sections are to be cut.
  • a laser cutting head with the cutting nozzle is moved linearly over the workpiece (or vice versa) and the laser beam is switched on and off (with cutting parameters) so that the piercing takes place during the relative movement between the cutting nozzle and the workpiece (i.e. "on the fly").
  • a special variant of the method according to the invention therefore provides that the feed speed at the puncture point is reduced to a puncture speed, preferably by 10%-90% of the cutting speed.
  • the feed rate is reduced to the puncturing speed over a distance of less than 2 mm, preferably less than 0.5 mm, such that the puncturing speed is reached at the puncturing point.
  • the reduction in the feed speed is therefore started max. 2 mm (in the feed direction) before the puncture point. This ensures that, on the one hand, the speed reduction is carried out with a practicable acceleration and, on the other hand, not too much time is lost.
  • the feed speed is reduced when the laser is switched off. After the laser beam has pierced the workpiece surface, the piercing speed is preferably maintained for a few milliseconds and the feed rate is then increased again to the cutting speed.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a cutting nozzle and through a plate-shaped workpiece during laser fusion cutting.
  • FIG. 2 shows a workpiece machined on the fly with a multiplicity of cut contour sections.
  • FIG. 3 shows the progression over time of the feed rate and the laser power in the vicinity of a puncture point during piercing on the fly.
  • FIG. 4 shows a laser cutting machine for carrying out the method for laser fusion cutting according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a convergent cutting nozzle 1 for laser cutting a plate-shaped metallic workpiece 2 (a metal sheet) with a thickness D by means of a laser beam 3 and a cutting gas 24 (cf. FIG. 4).
  • the cutting nozzle 1 comprises a nozzle channel 5 which has a relatively small diameter do of 1.5 to 4 mm on a nozzle end face 8 on the workpiece side.
  • the cutting gas 24 and the laser beam 3 both exit the nozzle channel 5 of the cutting nozzle 1 together.
  • the laser beam 3 has a beam direction 6 along the negative Z direction of an XYZ coordinate system.
  • the laser cutting process is a fusion cutting process in which nitrogen is used as the cutting gas 24 .
  • a focus position F of the laser beam 3 is located in the beam direction 6 within the thickness D of the workpiece 2 in the upper half of the workpiece 2 facing the cutting nozzle 1 or (not shown) on the workpiece surface 9.
  • the focus position F is Laser beam 3 in the beam direction 6 in the workpiece 2 at a depth that is less than half D/2 of the thickness D of the workpiece 2.
  • the cutting nozzle 1 is moved at a cutting speed over the workpiece 2 in a cutting direction 7 which corresponds to the X-direction of the XYZ coordinate system in order to produce a kerf 4 in the workpiece 2 .
  • FIG. 2 shows a workpiece 2 with many rectilinear contour sections 11 (square edges) arranged in a line.
  • the laser beam 3 pierces the workpiece surface 9 at a puncture point 10.
  • the laser beam 3 is switched on at the puncture point 10 of the respective contour section 11, moves along the contour section 11 and at the end of the contour section 11 switched off.
  • FIG. 3 shows a possible procedure for setting the feed rate and the corresponding laser power for on-the-fly piercing.
  • the cutting speed vc can be 14.5 m/min, for example, with a laser power of 10 kW and 25 m/min, for example, with a laser power of 20 kW.
  • the cutting speed vc of the cutting nozzle 1 is initially maintained for the subsequent positioning II of the cutting nozzle 1 (time period t1 to t2). Shortly before the next piercing point 10, the feed speed of the cutting nozzle is reduced to a piercing speed vp within a period of time t2 to t3.
  • the piercing speed can be, for example, about 5 m/min, using a laser power of 20 kW, for example, about 10 m/min.
  • the point in time t2 is preferably chosen so that the distance from the point at which the feed rate begins to be reduced (position of the cutting nozzle 1 at point in time t2) to the next piercing point is a maximum of 2 mm, preferably a maximum of 0.5 mm.
  • the cutting nozzle 1 reaches the piercing point at the piercing speed VP and the laser beam is switched on again for piercing the workpiece 2.
  • the piercing process III takes place in the time period t3 to t5.
  • the piercing speed VP should preferably be maintained for as short a time as possible (period t3 to t4).
  • the feed speed of the cutting nozzle 1 is increased again to the cutting speed vc within the period t4 to t6.
  • piercing process III is complete, ie the laser beam has penetrated the workpiece through the entire thickness.
  • the cutting speed vc is reached again and the contour section 11 can be completely cut with the cutting speed vc.
  • the feed rate is preferably reduced and increased linearly.
  • FIG 4 shows a laser cutting machine 20 suitable for carrying out the laser fusion cutting method described above.
  • the laser cutting machine 20 has, for example, a solid-state laser or a diode laser as the laser beam generator 21 .
  • the laser cutting machine 20 also has a movable (laser) cutting head 22, with which the cutting nozzle 1 is moved, and a workpiece support 23 on which the workpiece 2 is arranged.
  • the laser beam 3 is generated in the laser beam generator 21 and is guided from the laser beam generator 21 to the cutting head 22 .
  • the laser beam 3 is directed onto the workpiece 2 by means of focusing optics arranged in the cutting head 22 .
  • the laser cutting machine 20 is also supplied with cutting gas 24, here nitrogen.
  • cutting nozzle 1 of cutting head 22 is supplied with nitrogen as cutting gas 24 at an overpressure of approx. 15-30 bar (before the cutting gas 24 emerges from cutting nozzle 1).
  • the laser cutting machine 20 also includes a machine control 25, which is programmed to move the cutting head 22 together with its cutting nozzle 1 according to a cutting contour relative to the stationary workpiece 2.
  • the machine controller 25 also controls the power of the laser beam generator 21, which is more than 6 kW, in particular more than 10 kW, in the fusion cutting process described above. In this way, for example, with a workpiece thickness of 1.5 mm at 6 kW mm, a cutting speed (feed) of 60 m/min or even higher can be achieved, with the cutting speed increasing as the laser power increases.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de découpe par fusion au laser d'une pièce à usiner (2), en particulier d'une pièce à usiner plane qui présente de préférence une épaisseur (D) d'au moins 1 mm, un faisceau laser (3) et un gaz de coupe (24), plus particulièrement de l'azote présentant une pression de gaz de coupe étant dirigés sur la surface de la pièce à usiner (9) au moyen d'une buse de coupe convergente (1), la puissance laser étant au moins égale à 6 kW. Ce procédé est caractérisé en ce que la buse de coupe (1) présente une face frontale de buse (8) côté pièce à usiner, la distance (A) séparant cette face frontale de la surface de la pièce à usiner étant comprise entre 2 et 8 mm pendant la découpe ; en ce que la buse de coupe (1) possède un canal de buse (5) présentant un diamètre dD compris entre 1,5 et 4 mm sur la face frontale de buse (8) côté pièce à usiner ; et en ce que, avant de sortir de la buse de coupe (1), la pression de gaz de coupe est comprise entre 15 et 30 bars. Il est ainsi possible d'obtenir une productivité élevée conjointement à un risque de collision réduit, c'est-à-dire une sécurité de processus supérieure.
EP21777725.9A 2020-09-25 2021-09-15 Procédé de découpe au laser Pending EP4217141A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020212088.9A DE102020212088A1 (de) 2020-09-25 2020-09-25 Verfahren zum Laserschneiden
PCT/EP2021/075299 WO2022063647A1 (fr) 2020-09-25 2021-09-15 Procédé de découpe au laser

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4217141A1 true EP4217141A1 (fr) 2023-08-02

Family

ID=77914350

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21777725.9A Pending EP4217141A1 (fr) 2020-09-25 2021-09-15 Procédé de découpe au laser

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20230219174A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4217141A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN116209540A (fr)
DE (1) DE102020212088A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022063647A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022115672A1 (de) 2022-06-23 2023-12-28 TRUMPF Werkzeugmaschinen SE + Co. KG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ändern von Bearbeitungsparameterwerten während eines Strahlbearbeitungsverfahrens

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06179092A (ja) 1992-12-14 1994-06-28 Fanuc Ltd レーザロボットのレーザ加工方法および装置
JPH07195186A (ja) 1993-12-30 1995-08-01 Nippei Toyama Corp レーザ加工機の加工条件切り替え方法
FR2893872B1 (fr) * 2005-11-25 2008-10-17 Air Liquide Procede de coupage avec un laser a fibre d'acier c-mn
FR2893873B1 (fr) * 2005-11-25 2008-12-12 Air Liquide Procede de coupage avec un laser a fibre d'acier inoxydable
FR2897007B1 (fr) 2006-02-03 2008-04-11 Air Liquide Procede de coupage avec un laser a fibre avec controle des parametres du faisceau
EP2105815B1 (fr) * 2008-03-25 2016-03-09 TRUMPF Maschinen Grüsch AG Procédé de création d'un programme de commande NC
DE102012219074A1 (de) * 2012-10-19 2014-04-24 Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh + Co. Kg Laserschneidmaschine und Verfahren zum Schneiden von Werkstücken unterschiedlicher Dicke
JP2017109238A (ja) 2015-12-15 2017-06-22 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 レーザ切断方法
DE102016215019C5 (de) 2016-08-11 2023-04-06 Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh + Co. Kg Verfahren zum Laserschneiden mit optimierter Gasdynamik
CN109789513B (zh) 2016-10-13 2022-04-01 通快激光与系统工程有限公司 激光切割喷嘴，具有喷嘴的激光加工设备及其运行方法
DE102016220807B3 (de) * 2016-10-24 2018-03-29 Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh + Co. Kg Verfahren zum Schneiden eines Werkstücks mittels eines Laserstrahls
JP6577110B2 (ja) 2017-10-06 2019-09-18 株式会社アマダホールディングス レーザ加工方法及びレーザ加工装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN116209540A (zh) 2023-06-02
WO2022063647A1 (fr) 2022-03-31
DE102020212088A1 (de) 2022-03-31
US20230219174A1 (en) 2023-07-13

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