EP4209356A1 - Document de valeur fournissant un effet haptique - Google Patents

Document de valeur fournissant un effet haptique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4209356A1
EP4209356A1 EP22150749.4A EP22150749A EP4209356A1 EP 4209356 A1 EP4209356 A1 EP 4209356A1 EP 22150749 A EP22150749 A EP 22150749A EP 4209356 A1 EP4209356 A1 EP 4209356A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
foil
strip
valuable document
area
elongate strip
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22150749.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Giuseppe Mosele
Marion Lutsche
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
European Central Bank
Original Assignee
European Central Bank
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by European Central Bank filed Critical European Central Bank
Priority to EP22150749.4A priority Critical patent/EP4209356A1/fr
Publication of EP4209356A1 publication Critical patent/EP4209356A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/346—Perforations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/351—Translucent or partly translucent parts, e.g. windows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/355—Security threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
    • D21H21/42—Ribbons or strips
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
    • D21H21/44—Latent security elements, i.e. detectable or becoming apparent only by use of special verification or tampering devices or methods
    • D21H21/48—Elements suited for physical verification, e.g. by irradiation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a valuable document which provides a haptic effect and a method to produce this document.
  • the objective technical problem to be solved can be considered to consist in providing a valuable document having improved anti-counterfeiting properties and being producible at high efficiency.
  • the problem is solved by the subject matter of the independent claim.
  • Preferred embodiments are indicated within the dependent claims and the following description, each of which, individually or in combination, may represent aspects of the invention.
  • a valuable document comprises a fiber substrate having a front side, a reverse side, and a thickness between the front and the reverse side.
  • the fiber substrate may also be referred to as fibrous material.
  • the fiber substrate comprises an elongate strip of foil embedded in the thickness of the fiber substrate.
  • the elongate strip of foil comprises at least one perforation.
  • the perforation is permeable for fibers of the fiber substrate.
  • the perforation is covered by fibers of the fiber substrate.
  • the perforation may be covered when the valuable document is in its manufactured state.
  • the perforation is configured to provide a haptic effect on the front and/or the reverse side of the fiber substrate.
  • the haptic effect may be provided when the valuable document is in its manufactured state.
  • the haptic effect may be utilized as a security feature thereby enhancing the valuable document from a security point of view.
  • the haptic effect may be recognizable by an unbiased human observer when the valuable document is in its manufactured state.
  • the unbiased human observer may be considered an average person having medium haptic or tactile sensing capabilities.
  • the valuable document usually comprises a nearly two dimensional shape with a low thickness in a direction perpendicular to the first and opposite second surface of the document. Although this thickness may be low and hardly recognizable by means of the naked human eye, the elongate strip of foil may be embedded in the thickness. With regard to the before mentioned aspects, the thicknesses are determined according to a direction in which the valuable document comprises the smallest dimension.
  • the perforation of the strip of foil may usually be arranged according to the direction of the low thickness (smallest dimension) of the document.
  • the strip of foil including the at least one perforation may be covered by the fiber substrate such that it is not recognizable by the human eye at daylight under normal conditions. In this case, normal conditions refer to a scenario in which no additional technical analysis is performed.
  • the elongate strip of foil may be in register with the fiber substrate.
  • the elongate strip of foil may be kept in register with fibers of the fiber substrate during the manufacturing process.
  • “In register” means that the relative positions of the paper web constituting the valuable document and the strip of foil are all aligned as precise and reliable as possible.
  • the perforation being permeable for fibers of the fiber substrate refers to the paper production process in which a paper web is generated from a pulp while the elongate strip of foil may be kept in register with the paper web. During this manufacturing technique fibers may flow or move through the perforation from a first side of the strip of foil towards a second opposite side.
  • the valuable document may be paper, such as security paper, containing a strip embedded in the thickness of the paper.
  • the valuable document may also be a security document made from such paper.
  • the valuable document may comprise a first thickness between the front and the reverse side in a perforated region of the elongate strip of foil.
  • the valuable document may also comprise a second thickness between the front and the reverse side in a non-perforated region of the elongate strip of foil.
  • the first thickness may be different from the second thickness.
  • the valuable document may vary in thickness at a location of a perforation of the embedded strip of foil compared to a location at which the embedded strip of foil does not comprise a perforation.
  • the thickness difference may be very low. In particular, the thickness difference may be so small that it is not recognizable by the naked human eye at daylight under normal conditions. However, the tactile sensitivity of a human being may be sufficient to recognize the thickness difference, e.g.
  • the perforation may be visually hidden under non-sophisticated analysis conditions while it may be rather easily recognizable using tactile based sensing. Hence, the security of the valuable document may be further improved.
  • the elongate strip of foil may differ in one, two, three or more properties from a remainder of the valuable document.
  • the one, two, three or more properties may be selected from a group consisting of a bending coefficient, a hardness, a flexibility, and a pressure sensitivity.
  • the haptic effect may be based on a property difference of the one, two, three or more properties as specified hereinbefore. These properties are particularly suitable for tactile investigation and for tactile based recognition of the perforation. For example, when pressing on the valuable document, the user may feel differences with regard to the hardness between a location where a peroration is arranged and a location where no perforation is present but the embedded strip of foil still is. Similar differences may be recognizable with regard to the remaining properties. Accordingly, the security of the valuable document may be improved, even if the document comprises no thickness variations across its surfaces.
  • the at least one perforation may have a geometric shape.
  • the geometric shape may be individually selected any may comprise at least one out of a circle, a rectangle, a square, an ellipse, a trapeze, a diamond, a rhombus, and a parallelogram. Accordingly, the perforation may comprise a shape well-known to most humans such that the shape may be simpler to recognize.
  • the perforations can independently vary in size with regard to each other. This means that the perforations may have same shapes and same or different dimensions in a two-dimensional plane. In an alternative, the perforation may have different shapes and same or different dimensions in a two-dimensional plane.
  • the at least one perforation may comprise a first width in a first direction.
  • the elongate strip of foil may comprise a second width in the first direction.
  • the first direction may in particular be along the length or the width of the valuable document.
  • the first width of the perforation may be equal to or more than 5% of the second width of the elongate strip of foil in the first direction.
  • the first width may be equal to or more than 10% of the second width of the elongate strip of foil in the first direction.
  • the elongate strip of foil may comprise a length and a width perpendicular to the length, the width being smaller than the length.
  • the first direction may then be oriented along the width of the strip of foil.
  • the above-mentioned relative widths constitute a minimum size of the perforation relative to the strip of foil such that the possibility of recognizing the perforation is improved.
  • the strip of foil may comprise a minimum width along the first direction of 2cm.
  • the strip of foil may also comprise a maximum width along the first direction of 4cm.
  • the perforations can also have a combined open area relative to the area of the strip of foil.
  • the combined open area may be considered the sum of all singles areas formed by the independent perforations.
  • the combined open area may be equal to or more than 1 % of the area of the strip of foil, preferably equal to or more than 3% of the area of the strip of foil, more preferably equal to or more than 10% of the area of the strip of foil.
  • the combined open area may also be equal to or less than 50% of the area of the strip of foil, preferably equal to or less than 30% of the area of the strip of foil, more preferably equal to or less than 20% of the area of the strip of foil.
  • the strip of foil may be exposed (non-covered) and the perforations may be established within the exposed region.
  • the combined open area may be equal to or more than 2% of the exposed area of the strip of foil, preferably equal to or more than 5% of the exposed area of the strip of foil, more preferably equal to or more than 10% of the exposed area of the strip of foil.
  • the combined open area may also be equal to or less than 50% of the exposed area of the strip of foil, preferably equal to or less than 30% of the exposed area of the strip of foil, more preferably equal to or less than 20% of the exposed area of the strip of foil.
  • the valuable document may comprise a length and a width perpendicular to the length in a specific direction (in the following: second direction), the width being smaller than the length.
  • the width of the perforation may be equal to or more than 1 % of the width of the valuable document (in the following: third width) in the second direction.
  • the width of the perforation may also be determined along the second direction. More preferably, the width of the perforation may be equal to or more than 5% of the width in the second direction.
  • the elongate strip of foil may comprise a plurality of perforations.
  • a single perforation may be challenging to recognize. Having included a plurality of perforations, the chances of recognizing the perforations are increased.
  • the plurality of perforations may form a geometric pattern (array).
  • a pattern of perforations may be easier to recognize due to the alternating variations concerning the haptic effect.
  • the pattern may comprise itself a geometric shape, such as a circle, a rectangle, a square, an ellipse, a trapeze, a diamond, a rhombus, numbers, letters, and a parallelogram.
  • the geometric pattern may comprise columns and/or rows at least partially comprising regularly arranged perforations.
  • the columns and rows can be arranged along directions corresponding to a length and a width of the valuable document. Along the columns and rows there can be multiple perforations arranged.
  • a pattern is usually simple to recognize if variations concerning the underlying properties are being continuously distributed. Hence, the so-designed pattern is usually recognized at a high chance.
  • the perforations can be randomly distributed across the strip of foil.
  • the pattern may be different to the so-called intaglio features or an intaglio effect (printing) where multiple parallel rows and/or columns of ink are applied by gravure printing and thereby providing a haptic effect as a whole.
  • intaglio printing the present application aims at providing a direct haptic effect which is provided by the perforations instead of an indirect haptic effect provided by the applied ink.
  • the material of the elongate strip of foil may comprise or consist of one or more suitable polymeric foil materials to be incorporated into paper-based documents, in particular valuable documents, such as banknotes, wherein the material is preferably selected from a group consisting of polyamide, polyethylene, and polyester. Foils made of these materials are in particular easy to manufacture and well suited for incorporation into a paper-based document.
  • the haptic effect may be machine readable using a suitable detector, such as an image detector, or any other suitable detector. Accordingly, verification of the valuable document may also be based on auxiliary devices. Such devices are usually capable of investigating a high number of document at short time scales.
  • the elongate strip of foil may be uncovered or substantially uncovered by fibers of the fiber substrate forming an exposed area of the elongate strip of foil on the front and/or the reverse side of the valuable document.
  • the exposed area may form a window area of the valuable document comprising the elongate strip of foil which is in register with the window area.
  • the elongate strip of foil comprises in the exposed area one or more security elements selected from a group consisting of an optical security element, a luminescent security element, including a fluorescent, a phosphorescent and an electroluminescent security element, and a magnetic security element.
  • the terms "exposed” or "uncovered” mean that the window area may be at least partially free or clean of fibers of the fiber substrate so as to provide a window area for a security element of the elongate strip of foil which is in register with the window.
  • the window area can be free of perforations. Accordingly, the strip of foil can be made such that perforations are present only in non-exposed areas (non-window areas) of the strip of foil. In this case, the perforations would not be exposed and thus detectable by a human eye, but embedded in the valuable document (covered) and, thus, protected from being viewed by a human eye.
  • the exposed or uncovered areas can generally and at least partially be generated by a watermarking technique.
  • the window can at least horizontally (in a first direction) be in register with the elongate strip of foil.
  • all components i.e. paper web, strip of foil, window areas, exposed areas and any eventual layer of the paper web are in register.
  • the elongate strip of foil may comprise at least one perforation arranged in the exposed area. Since the exposed area may also be visually recognizable by the user, the perforation may be noticed on a tactile as well as a visual basis. Of course, the perforation arranged in the exposed area is not covered by fibers of the fiber substrate, in particular not when the valuable document is in its manufactured state.
  • the fibers of the mould layer, the layer in which the strip of foil is embedded can then protrude through at least one opening from a first side towards the opposite second side. This provides increased flexibility regarding the creation and properties of security features in the window area.
  • the exposed area may be obtainable by selective local repulsion of fibers.
  • the local repulsion may be induced by application of a fluid, in particular compressed air and/or water.
  • the local repulsion may be induced by application of a fluid (in form of a jet through a nozzle).
  • the fluid may be applied continuously and/or pulse-wise in pulses of adjustable duration and/or synchronized in relation to a target position of the window area.
  • the uncovered area can at least partially be generated by locally selective inhibition of substrate formation on the elongate strip of foil.
  • the locally selective inhibition can also be physically and/or chemically induced.
  • the locally selective inhibition can further at least partially be induced by local surface treatment of the elongate strip of foil.
  • the locally selective inhibition can be provided by a hydrophobic or super-hydrophobic layer/structure. If a super-hodrophobic layer is used, the water droplet/solid surface snap-in forces - measured e.g. using the micro balance in a tensiometer - become zero because the surface tension of the water, hence its internal cohesion, is stronger than the reference surface wettability.
  • a super-hodrophobic layer is used, the water droplet/solid surface snap-in forces - measured e.g. using the micro balance in a tensiometer - become zero because the surface tension of the water, hence its internal cohesion, is stronger than the reference surface wettability.
  • Another way to define super-hydrophobic is that the advancing angle of the droplet on a reference surface (not its static angle) is greater than 145° when the liquid is water.
  • the exposed or uncovered area can also be generated by removal of fibers by suction, in particular discontinuous suction.
  • residual fibers may be removed by a rotating brush from at least the exposed area. Accordingly, the cleanliness of the exposed area may be improved.
  • some additional fibers can be arranged or locally accumulated in off-limit zones in order to compensate fiber depletion on vicinal areas of the window.
  • the elongate strip of foil may also comprise a plurality of exposed areas, each providing a window area.
  • the accumulation may also be referred to as "bump" of fibers created between two windows.
  • This area is also referred to as “off-limit” zone.
  • any regions coinciding with the strip of foil but being laterally located outside the exposed area may be referred to as “off-limit” zone.
  • Areas of accumulated fibers may be evened up by a rotating brush to create bumps.
  • the elongate strip of foil may be transparent or semi-transparent at least in the area of the window. Accordingly, at the exposed area a view through the valuable document, meaning through the strip of foil and optionally through a perforation arranged in the exposed area, may be possible. Accordingly, visual inspection may be adapted to the needs.
  • the fiber substrate may comprise a mould layer and a short former layer and the elongate strip of foil may then be embedded in the mould layer.
  • This aspect is advantageous, as it has turned out that a two layer configuration has better properties than a single layer configuration.
  • the exposed area of the embedded strip of foil may then be arranged in the mould layer such that at least one side of the exposed area may be visible from outside of the valuable document. In contrast, one side of the exposed area may optionally be covered by the short former layer.
  • the elongate strip of foil may be transparent or semi-transparent at least in the area of the window. Accordingly, the short former layer may be visible from both sides of the valuable document within the exposed area.
  • a groove (or depression) can be arranged on one of the surfaces of the substrate.
  • the groove, the embedded foil strip and, at least partially, the bumps can be aligned with each other such that the groove is at least substantially superposed.
  • the groove and the bumps can substantially match and mutually compensate each other from a height aspect, if they are viewed perpendicular to the surface of the substrate (cross-sectional view).
  • the short former layer may be absent at least in a depletion zone.
  • the depletion zone may be in register with the strip of foil. Accordingly, from the side of the short former layer, the mould layer and/or the embedded strip of foil may be visible.
  • the elongate strip of foil may be arranged such that at least one perforation coincides with the depletion zone in a cross-sectional view. Accordingly, this perforation may be visible from the side of the short former layer.
  • the short former layer may be absent in a depletion zone, wherein the depletion zone may be at least partially registered with the exposed area of the elongate strip of foil.
  • the depletion zone may coincide with the exposed area in a cross-sectional view.
  • the short former layer may also form a window area. Hence, fibers of the mould layer may be visible through the window area from the side of the short former layer.
  • a short former layer is used, another reason for the accumulation or bump of fibers consists in compensating the thickness difference brought in by the short former layer.
  • fibers of the mould layer may be accumulated at the location of the depletion zone. Accordingly, the height difference determined by the depletion zone of the short former layer may be compensated by bumps of the mould layer.
  • the substrate or the plies of the substrate may comprise cellulose fibers particularly cotton fibers and/or organic synthetic fibers and/or mineral fibers.
  • the substrate can generally be fibrous as for example any paper-like substrate.
  • An at least partially porous or perforated strip of foil can be provided in a paper mould around a first cylinder.
  • the first cylinder partially resides in a pulp.
  • a paper web is generated from the pulp on an outer wall of the first cylinder by rotating the first cylinder.
  • the pulp is dewatered through a permeable outer wall of the first cylinder.
  • the strip of foil is kept in register with the paper web, and fibers of the pulp/paper web may move through the perforation of the strip of foil from a first side to an opposite second side.
  • fibers may be actively removed from at least one side of a window area included in the strip of foil.
  • the fibers deposition may be prevented/inhibited.
  • areas free of fiber can either be created by covering specific points, areas, or locations etc. on the wire mesh of the first cylinder. This can be achieved by protruding elements which may merely plug some or all openings in the wire mesh of the first cylinder.
  • the pulp is locally prevented from draining towards the inside of the first cylinder such that in those selectively chosen locations, no or less fibers accumulate. This leads to exposed areas (windows) of the strip of foil being established.
  • the advantageous valuable document can then be manufactured from the substrate.
  • a relief die mask (or a plurality of masks) can be mounted onto the first cylinder mould cover, against which the perforated strip of foil is pushed during the manufacturing process.
  • the mask can further improve the prevention of unwanted fibres within the exposed area(s). Otherwise, fibres could get trapped between the mould cover and the strip of foil thereby decreasing the quality (cleanliness) of the exposed areas as well as the sharpness of their edges.
  • the mask assists in locally obstructing the pulp flow, it is ensured that fibres cannot come back once the paper formation is achieved.
  • edges of the exposed area at the front side of the substrate may be better defined having improved sharpness since erratic fibres occupying portions/edge zones of the exposed area (window areas) can be avoided.
  • the mask can also be correspondingly curved with regard to the first cylinder. In other words, the radii of the mask and the first cylinder can correspond to each other. Mounting of the mask to the cylinder can, e.g., be achieved by gluing and/or welding.
  • a stenciled, virtually thickness-less mask may be applied onto the cylinder mould cover.
  • the perforated strip of foil may then be kept in close contact along the full perimeter of the mould cover. Due to the normal permeability and drainage of the mould mesh and of the perforated strip of foil itself, the fibres can pass underneath and enrobe the perforated strip of foil all over, without the need of a loose gap.
  • the areas on the mould cover where the stenciled mask inhibits the drainage are the only portions of the substrate where fibres cannot be deposited, thus creating the exposed areas (windows) according to a different approach. Similar as in case of the relief die mask, the sharpness of the edges of the exposed areas is improved since trapping of unwanted fibres can be prevented.
  • a further optional or cumulative technique to improve the quality of the edges of the exposed areas is based on localized depressions created in the mould cover in the areas between the windows defined by a mask (or a plurality of masks).
  • the localized depressions should be limited in dimensions so that they do not constitute a true relieve watermark because too large watermark areas tend to flatten back before the paper formation is set. Accordingly, the pulp is replenished with a pseudo-watermark covering the areas where the strip of foil touches the mould cover outside the mask. In addition, a certain space is freed beneath the strip of foil outside the mask where the strip would otherwise unduly touch the mould cover.
  • This technique is especially suitable for configurations in which the masks (exposed areas defined by the mask/masks) are located so far away from one another that the suspended thread would normally touch against the mould cover surface in between the respective locations. In that case, a zone of disturbance for the paper formation would be created which can be avoided by including the localized depressions in the mould cover. Furthermore, the technique is also useful for mould cover cylinders having comparatively small diameters since then the surface curvature is larger thereby establishing a higher risk of contact between the substrate (thread) and the mould cover.
  • the edges of the exposed areas (windows) on the reverse side of the substrate are badly contoured such that some perforations of the strip of foil are exposed open within the finished document.
  • This type of defect is obvious in cases of a bad registration of the strip of foil (lateral or vertical) with the substrate or in case of plain wrong (too large) sizes of a mask applied to the mould cylinder for establishing the exposed areas (windows).
  • the latter represents a systematic defect.
  • this defect could also be visible on perfectly registered and appropriately sized masks, namely, if a too harsh cleaning technique (application of a fluidic jet) is applied to the reverse side of the strip of foil.
  • the valuable document can be a banknote.
  • a minimum paper weight of 80 g/sqm is used for the banknote paper overall.
  • the mould cover layer can be kept significantly thicker than the short former layer, at least at locations where this latter is present.
  • an active cleaning (repulsion) technique is applied, such as the application of a fluidic jet (water, air or a mixture of fluids) by at least one nozzle directed towards the reverse side.
  • a fluidic jet water, air or a mixture of fluids
  • the overall jet can be operated with synchronized pulsed nozzles that swipe a slightly wider and longer area than the area of the exposed area (window) of the strip of foil.
  • the area of the exposed area (first area) is smaller in size compared to the area onto which the fluidic jet is applied (second area).
  • the second area should have dimensions such that the second area extends to locations between the area of the exposed area (window) and the area in which perforations within the strip of foil are arranged.
  • the edges of the second area are preferably located (the second area extends) between the no-glue zone and the glued zone. In other words, the second area preferably extends towards the glue transition area.
  • the size of the glue transition area is between 0.3mm and 0.6mm in length and width. However, the size of the glue transition area usually depends on the design of the valuable document. The intensity of the fluidic jet can be adjusted such that no wet paper is washed off and such that no fibres are washed through the perforations towards the front side of the substrate.
  • the transparency of the strip of foil may enable the sharp (well-defined) edges of the exposed area on the front side of the substrate to shine through the strip of foil such that the user may have the visual impression that the edges of the exposed area on the reverse side of the substrate are sharp (well-defined) as well.
  • the visual compensation for the imperfect edges under incident (direct) light on the reverse side instead, may normally be masked out if a high coverage print in register over the paper (on the reverse side) is used. This is very forgiving as to the borders imperfection.
  • a groove watermark may be included via the short former layer and juxtaposed to the mould cover layer in register with the strip of foil on the reverse side of the substrate.
  • the groove watermark may then comprise a width (size) that exactly corresponds to the width (size) of the wanted exposed area (window area).
  • the groove watermark is positioned at the reverse side of the substrate at an area corresponding to the exposed area (window area) on the front side of the substrate.
  • the groove watermark is positioned such that it appears on the front side of the substrate at locations representing an ideal registration between the groove watermark and the exposed area of the front side.
  • the groove watermark may also be slightly narrower (smaller in size) compared to the exposed area on the front side of the substrate.
  • the groove watermark is not narrower (smaller in size) than the glue edges of the exposed area on the reverse side.
  • This configuration is particularly beneficial in case of elongated exposed areas (rectangular shapes having differently sized edge lengths).
  • the longer edges are dimensionally much more relevant than the comparatively short top and bottom edges of the window. Therefore, the longer side edges become more salient to the eye of the user eliminating the vast majority of the minor imperfections on the window edges on the reverse side of the substrate. Accordingly, only the occasional imperfections at the top and bottom edges of the exposed areas (window areas) on the reverse side are left.
  • the document printed design constrain is only localized at the comparatively short top and bottom edges on the reverse side of the substrate. If desired, the comparatively short edges could also be thoroughly dissimulated by a high coverage overprint, thereby masking the occasional imperfections.
  • This aspect could also be combined with the pseudo-watermark technique mentioned herein before. Thanks to the localized mould cover depressions the disruptive effect of "over-spraying" at the reverse side can be significantly reduced or limited. This means that for the special case of elongated exposed areas the visual appearance of occasional disturbances can be improved at least for the longer side edges of the exposed areas on the reverse side of the substrate by one or a combination of the described approaches.
  • a different approach relies on achieving a well-defined contoured exposed area (window area) on the reverse side of the substrate by means of a (super-)hydrophobic transparent and flexible coating.
  • a (super-)hydrophobic transparent and flexible coating may be printed on the strip of foil at the foil manufacturing site. It could also be labile. So, after establishing the exposed area (window) the coating could be deactivated or worn off. In this regard, a solution having an appropriate pH value may be used. Other techniques to deactivate the effect relate to the application of elevated temperatures, strong light sources, applying light sources that emit light of appropriate wave lengths, or simply due to degradation over time. Of course, the coating could also permanently persist in place.
  • the coating should be substantially (or fully) transparent for the naked human eye. Moreover, the coating preferably is flexible as otherwise usability of the document would is degraded. Furthermore, the coating should be of a type, which does not damage, stain or weaken the material of the strip of foil. The coating should also be of a type not hampering overprinting of the exposed area of the document if desired. In any case, extended durability of the coating is not essential as the coating has fulfilled its function after the paper making process finished. The application of a (super-)hydrophobic coating also allows more elaborate shapes of the exposed area to be achieved.
  • shapes beyond the basic geometries like circles, rectangles, ovals may be chosen, such as, e.g., a star, a clover, etc..
  • the short former layer may be applied just wider (larger in size) than the so formed exposed area (window).
  • the perforated strip of foil is not necessarily dimensionally stable upon the application of forces during the registration process.
  • the strip of foil may generally elongate and/or retract under certain pull and release conditions since the perforations may alter in shape upon the application of forces.
  • the carrier material of the strip of foil is usually intrinsically elastic under those forces. Dimensional instability may generally cause unwanted positions of the perforations as well as unwanted haptic effects.
  • the foils perforation can be patterned such that the strip of foil comprises at least one, fully non-perforated stretch (section) along its entire length in addition to the continuous side edges of the strip of foil themselves.
  • the strip of foil may comprise a stretch (section) within the strip of foil along the unwinding/insertion direction during the registration process so that a gentle pull/release does not result in any inelastic deformation. Accordingly, dimensional stability of the strip of foil may be ensured during the registration process based on the cooperation of the side edges as well as the non-perforated stretch (section) of the strip.
  • a poor contouring of the exposed area (window) on the reverse side of the substrate may be counteracted based on a specific perforation-related property of at least some of the perforations of the strip of foil.
  • the perforations arranged just around the exposed area of the strip of foil may comprise a first shape and perforations which are located farther away from the exposed area may comprise a second shape.
  • the first shape may be different from the second shape.
  • the first shape may be smaller or larger in at least one dimension.
  • the shape per se may be different, such as circles vs. squares.
  • the first and the second shapes of the respective perforations may also be similar to each other.
  • a spacing (mean average distance) between the perforations arranged just around the exposed area may be different from a spacing between perforations being located farther away from the exposed area.
  • the perforations arranged just around the exposed area may be differently designed compared to the remaining perforations.
  • at maximum two neighboring rows of perforations included in the strip of foil are altered in this way.
  • Adapted morphology refers to a larger locally averaged open area of the perforations where there is excess of fibres that need to be displaced to free the exposed area or a narrower area where there is a higher risk of depletion through washing off by the water flow or the fluidic jet applied by nozzles.
  • this refers to a tighter hole arrangement where the geometry of the exposed area would create too much space between two contiguous holes on a regular pattern.
  • the adapted morphology is particularly advantageous if a groove watermark within the short former layer cannot be invoked to cover up the imperfections described herein before.
  • an embedded strip of foil can be achieved showing high quality.
  • the exposed area may show sharp edges on the front side of the substrate as well as on the reverse side at least if one or several of the techniques described above are applied.
  • Fig. 1 is a simplified representation of a valuable document 10 according to an embodiment.
  • the valuable document 10 comprises the strip of foil 30 which is embedded in the thickness of the paper web also referred to as paper substrate, fibrous material, or fiber substrate 20.
  • the strip of foil 30 comprises perforations 31. Although shown in this representation, the perforations 31 are covered by fibers of the fiber substrate 20.
  • the perforations 31 are advantageously arranged in parallel rows and columns consisting of homogeneously arranged perforations 31. Thereby, the perforations form a pattern 40.
  • a line A-A indicates a virtual cut for the cross sectional views of Figs. 2 to 5 .
  • the perforation 31 has a first width W1 in a first direction. In the first direction, the elongate strip of foil 30 has a second width W2. The first width W1 of the perforation 31 is smaller than the second width W2 of the strip of foil. In an alternative, the width of the perforation 31 may be determined in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. Then, the width of the perforation 31 may be compared to a third width W3 of the valuable document 10 along the second direction.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view of a cut along line A-A through the valuable document 10 of Fig. 1 .
  • the strip of foil 30 is covered by fibers that protrude through the perforations/holes/openings 31 and thereby secure the strip of foil 30 and also accumulate on both sides of the strip of foil.
  • the strip of foil 31 is embedded in the thickness of the fiber substrate 20.
  • the shown configuration relates to monolayer substrate.
  • the valuable document 10 comprises a homogeneous thickness T having two parallel surfaces 21, 22 of the fiber substrate 20. Accordingly, the haptic effect is based on a property difference relating to at least one of a bending coefficient, a hardness, a flexibility, and a pressure sensitivity.
  • the strip of foil 30 may comprise properties being different of that of a remainder of the valuable document 10. Accordingly, based on the perforations the property difference may be recognizable by a user since the user may "feel" a different behavior in perforated regions compared to non-perforated regions. Based on the size of the perforations 31 this effect may relate to pattern-based regions of the perforations 31 or to the single perforations 31 themselves. In other words, the property difference may be recognizable for each location at which a perforation is arranged independently. In an alternative, the user recognizes a property difference since the pattern 40 of perforations 31 as a whole establishes a difference with regard to a specific property compared to regions of the document 10 not comprising any perforations 31.
  • Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view of a cut along line A-A through the valuable document 10 of Fig. 1 according to another embodiment.
  • the valuable document 10 comprises a non-constant thickness.
  • the document 10 comprises a second thickness T2 at a location outside the strip of foil 30 at a non-perforated region.
  • the valuable document 10 comprises a first minimum thickness T1 at dips 23 between the first and second surfaces 21, 22 of the fiber substrate 20.
  • the first thickness T1 is less than the second thickness T1. Based on the thickness variation, a user may recognize the perforations 31 of the embedded strip of foil 30 on tactile or haptic basis.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross sectional view of a cut along line A-A through the valuable document 10 of Fig. 1 according to yet another embodiment.
  • fibers of the fiber substrate 20 are accumulated during the production process and form bumps on both sides of the embedded strip of foil 30.
  • the height HB indicates the height of accumulated fibers, i.e. the height by which the accumulated fibers (or the bump) extend over the (normal) surface (in this case horizontal surface) of the substrate having no accumulated fibers.
  • the fiber substrate 20 can have a double layer configuration including a short former layer 35 and a mould layer 36.
  • This configuration is shown in Fig. 5 according to a cross sectional view of a cut along line A-A through the valuable document 10 of Fig. 1 according to yet another embodiment.
  • the short former layer 35 would then subsequently be placed on top of the mould layer 36.
  • the strip of foil 30 is still integrated or embedded in the mould layer 36.
  • the short former layer does not cover the area G.
  • the short former layer 35 comprises a depletion zone G in which it is absent.
  • the depletion zone G is at least partially in register with the embedded strip of foil 30.
  • the short former layer 35 may overlap the edges of the embedded strip of foil 30 to a certain extent.
  • the height HB of the accumulated fibers or the bump can be lower than the height HB in a monolayer configuration as shown in Fig. 4 .
  • a single layer configuration can be used for the fiber substrate 20.
  • Fig. 6 is a simplified representation of a valuable document 10 according to another embodiment.
  • the distribution and spacing of the perforations 31 is furthermore such that at least a continuous portion of the film (strip of foil 30) is preserved without any perforation 31 interposed within this portion. This assists in maintaining adequate resistance to the strip deformation upon pulling for embedding, for the integrity of the geometry and for registration management.
  • a line B-B is shown indicating a virtual cut for the cross sectional views of Figs. 7 and 8 .
  • Fig. 7 is a cross sectional view of a cut along line B-B through the valuable document 10 of Fig. 6 .
  • This cross sectional view shows a virtual cut through the window area 32.
  • the window area 32 is exposed or uncovered on both - opposite - sides of the valuable document 10.
  • the lateral sides of the strip of foil 30 are embedded in the thickness of the fiber substrate 20 and fibers 33 of the fiber substrate protrude through the perforations/holes/openings 31 on the lateral sides. There are no further perforations/opening/holes within the window area 32 according to this embodiment.
  • the fiber substrate 20 can be a single layer paper substrate. However, also a multi layer configuration can be used.
  • a short former layer 35 may be placed on top of the mould layer 36. The short former layer 35 could then have a depletion zone G, in which the short former layer is absent, horizontally registered with the embedded strip of foil 30 in register with the window area 32.
  • Fig. 8 is a cross sectional view of a cut along line B-B through the valuable document 10 of Fig. 6 according to another embodiment.
  • the window area 32 is formed by a strip of foil 30 made of a transparent material.
  • additional perforations 31 are arranged in the window area 32, in which no material is located at all. Therefore, the perforations 31 may be simple to be recognized, at least in the window area 32.
  • Fig. 9 is a simplified representation of a valuable document 10 according to another embodiment.
  • the strip of foil 30 is embedded in the thickness of the substrate 31.
  • the main difference with respect to the embodiment of Fig. 6 consists in the shape of the window are 32, which is different from previous embodiments.
  • only a single opening 34 is arranged in the window area 32 which becomes apparent from the cross sectional view along line C-C shown in Fig. 10 .
  • Fig. 10 is a cross sectional view of a cut along line C-C through the valuable document of Fig. 9 .
  • the window area 32 comprises a perforation/through hole/opening 34.
  • the lateral sides of the strip of foil 30 are embedded into the thickness of the fiber substrate 20.
  • Fibers 33 of the fiber substrate 20 protrude through these perforations/holes/openings 31.
  • the window area 32 is only directed to one side and covered on the opposite side by fibers 33. In this embodiment, but also in any other embodiment, it is generally possible to expose the window area 32 of the strip of foil 30 to either one side of the valuable document 10 or to both sides of the valuable document 10.
  • the fibers 33 may even extend over the top surface of the window area on the side on which the window area 32 is mainly exposed.
  • the elongate strip of foil 30 can comprise at least one opening (perforation) 34 in the area of the window.
  • the fibers 33 of the mould layer 36 can then protrude through the at least one opening 34 towards the side of the short former layer 36.
  • This also provides increased flexibility regarding the creation and properties of security features in the window area 32. In particular, new tactile or haptic effects may be created that cannot easily be copied.
  • a valuable document 10 comprising a fiber substrate 20, in particular paper, is provided.
  • the fiber substrate 20 comprises a registered elongate strip (or band, wide thread) of foil 30 being partially embedded in the thickness of the fiber substrate 20.
  • the elongate strip of foil 30 is at least partially perforated (porous) in order to be permeable for fibers 33 of the fiber substrate 20.
  • the elongate strip of foil 30 is exposed or uncovered in a window area 32 on at least one side of the valuable document 10.
  • the terms “exposed” or “uncovered” mean that the window area 32 is at least partially free or clean of fibers 33 of the fiber substrate 20 so as to provide a window 32 area for a security element of the elongate strip of foil 30 which is in register with the window area 32.
  • Fig. 11 is a cross sectional view of a cut along line C-C through the valuable document of Fig. 9 according to another embodiment.
  • the difference with respect to the embodiment shown in Fig. 10 is that the fibers 33 now protrude through the opening 34 in the strip of foil 30 in the opposite direction.
  • the fibers 33 protrude from the side of the mould layer 36 towards the side of the short former layer 35
  • the fibers 33 protrude from the side of the short former layer 35 towards the side of the mould layer 36.
  • the fibers 33 which protrude through the opening 34 still belong to the mould layer 36 regardless from which side they protrude through the opening 34.
  • Fig. 12 is a simplified representation of a paper mould for manufacturing a valuable document 10 according to an embodiment.
  • the elongate registered strip of foil 53 is fed to the first cylinder 50.
  • the pulp 54 surrounds the first cylinder partially.
  • the first cylinder 50 is made of a mesh of wires such that the pulp 54 tends to flow towards the mesh of the first cylinder 50.
  • the fibers in the pulp 54 are held back by the mesh of wires on the first cylinder 50 and deposit on the outside of the first cylinder 50 thereby creating a paper web 55.
  • An at least partially porous or perforated strip of foil 53 allows the fibers to extend through the openings (not visible here).
  • Areas free of fiber can either be created by covering specific points, areas, or locations etc. on the wire mesh of the first cylinder. This is roughly indicated by elements 56 which may merely plug some or all openings in the wire mesh of the first cylinder 50. This locally prevents the pulp 55 from draining towards the inside of the first cylinder 50 such that in those selectively chosen locations, no or less fibers accumulate. Furthermore, the elements 56 also touch the surface of the elongate strip of foil 53 thereby preventing the fibers still flowing in the turbulent pulp mass to enter in contact with the surface of the strip of foil 53 at this location (the location of the elements 56). The results can be locally thinner areas (watermarking), openings or holes in the paper web 55. The same principle applies to the strip of foil 53. If the strip of foil is locally impermeable for the liquid in the pulp, this also prevents the fibers from depositing outside the strip of foil 53 in those impermeable areas or at least reduces the amount of fibers that accumulate in those areas.
  • At least one nozzle 57 (but usually more in a row) is provided that is configured to clean the window area from the remaining fibers and to sharpen the borders of the window.
  • a fluid 58 as for example water or air or a mixture of water and air is supplied to the surface of the window area. This removes remaining fibers and cleans the window. Furthermore, the borders of the window area can become sharper.
  • the exposed or uncovered area is generated by selective local repulsion of fibers and, in this embodiment, the local repulsion is induced by application of a fluid 58, advantageously in form of a jet through the nozzle 57.
  • the fluid can be compressed air and/or water.
  • an at least partially porous or perforated strip of foil 53 can be provided in a paper mould 54 around a first cylinder 50.
  • the first cylinder 50 partially resides in the pulp 54.
  • a paper web 55 is generated from the pulp 54 on an outer wall of the first cylinder 50 by rotating the first cylinder 50.
  • the pulp 54 is dewatered through a permeable outer wall (wire mesh) of the first cylinder 50.
  • the strip of foil 53 is kept in register with the paper web 54, and fibers of the pulp 54/paper web 55 are actively removed from a window area of the strip of foil 53.
  • the removal of the fibers can be performed by the previously described nozzle 57 and a fluid 58 supplied from the nozzle 57.
  • the fluid 58 from the nozzle 57 can be applied continuously and/or pulse-wise in pulses of adjustable duration and/or synchronized in relation to the target position of the window.
  • the nozzle 57 (or a plurality of nozzles 57) can advantageously be a conic stream nozzle.
  • the water pressure may be 0 to 10 bar, advantageously 0.2 to 3 bar and the distance from the mould can be from 2 cm to 25 cm, conveniently from 4 cm to 18 cm from the mould cover surface.
  • the pressure may be 0 to 10 bar, advantageously 0.2 to 3 bar and the distance from the mould can be 2 cm to 25 cm, advantageously 4 cm to 18 cm.
  • the speed of the first cylinder 50 may need to sustain variations to comply with production/quality needs. It is therefore necessary that the devised system for the creation of windows on the substrate in order to reveal the embedded strip of foil 53 is
  • the adaptive capability should include:
  • the amount of fibers can be increased and then the pressure of the jet of fluid can be increased. This reduces the risk that the paper web 55 is negatively affected.
  • the pulp density at the cleaning point (lead by pulp consistency at inlet and drainage and wet-end chemistry driven) needs to be adjusted to allow the fibers to be removed. This is due to the fact that too dry pulp could be resistant to removal, as well as too diluted pulp could "reform" and cover the window again right after the cleaning action.
  • the position of the window areas 32 on the strip of foil and the respective positions of elements 56 are optimized.
  • the maximum possible distance between the protruding elements 56 is dependant on the mould cover diameter. It is essential that the inserted strip of foil 53 is never tangent to the mould cover surface, which happens when two elements 56 are too far spaced away from each other. A defect could be introduced at the tangent point for the strip of foil 53 and paper formation may be disturbed. In order to prevent this effect, it might be necessary to introduce extra elements 56, the function of which is not to open a window but just to support the strip of foil 53 in its way around the mould cover without touching the mesh. Typically this is often necessary at the junction of two consecutive banknote sheets as the gap between two banknotes and therefore two secure windows happens to be longer due to the sheet edges that are normally cut out during the banknote finishing process. Paper machines with a mould of smaller diameter are more prone to this event due to geometrical reasons.
  • the uncovered area or exposed area of the window can at least partially be generated by locally selective inhibition of substrate formation on the elongate strip of foil 53.
  • the locally selective inhibition can be physically and/or chemically induced.
  • the locally selective inhibition can be induced by local surface treatment of the elongate strip of foil 53.
  • the locally selective inhibition can be provided by a hydrophobic or super-hydrophobic layer/structure. If a super-hydrophobic layer is used, the water droplet/solid surface snap-in forces - measured e.g. using the micro balance in a tensiometer - become zero because the surface tension of the water, hence its internal cohesion, is stronger than the reference surface wettability. Another way to define super-hydrophobic is that the advancing angle of the droplet on a reference surface (not its static angle) is greater than 145° when the liquid is water.
  • Super-hydrophobic coatings could be based on, consist of or comprise at least one out of the following components:
  • a particularly advantageous type of hydrophobic coating should be at least partially transparent or better fully transparent.
  • the exposed or uncovered area can be generated by removal of fibers by suction, in particular discontinuous suction.
  • some additional fibers can be arranged or locally accumulated in off-limit zones in order to compensate fiber depletion on vicinal areas of the window.
  • the fiber substrate 20 can comprise two layers, a mould layer 36 and a short former layer 35 and the elongate strip of foil 53 can be embedded in the mould layer 36.
  • the short former layer 35 can be absent in a depletion zone G at least partially being registered with the strip of foil 30 and/or the window area 32 thereof.
  • the window should at least horizontally (in a first direction) be in register with the elongate strip of foil 53.
  • the strip of foil 53 is completely in register with the paper web and all layers of the paper web (for example mould layer 36 and short former layer 35).
  • In register means that the relative positions of paper web 55, strip of foil 53, exposed areas (or uncovered areas and respective window areas and security elements in the window areas 32 are all as precise and reliable as possible.
  • the mutual registration (tolerance) of the window areas with respect to the substrate in vertical and horizontal should have a minimum of about 2.5 mm in each direction, advantageously 1.5 mm in each direction, and more advantageously 1.0 mm in each direction.
  • the elongate strip of foil 53 can be transparent or semi-transparent at least in the window area 32 such that fibers of the mould layer 36 are visible through the window from the side of the short former layer 35.

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EP22150749.4A 2022-01-10 2022-01-10 Document de valeur fournissant un effet haptique Pending EP4209356A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22150749.4A EP4209356A1 (fr) 2022-01-10 2022-01-10 Document de valeur fournissant un effet haptique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22150749.4A EP4209356A1 (fr) 2022-01-10 2022-01-10 Document de valeur fournissant un effet haptique

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EP4209356A1 true EP4209356A1 (fr) 2023-07-12

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0070172A1 (fr) * 1981-07-13 1983-01-19 Portals Limited Papier comprenant un ruban partiellement incorporé, méthode de fabrication du papier et papier de sécurité
WO2003085193A1 (fr) * 2002-04-08 2003-10-16 Oesterreichische Banknoten- Und Sicherheitsdruck Gmbh Document-valeur
WO2014180885A1 (fr) * 2013-05-10 2014-11-13 Fábrica Nacional De Moneda Y Timbre - Real Casa De La Moneda Procédé de fourniture d'une caractéristique de sécurité à un document de sécurité, et document de sécurité
FR3022489A1 (fr) * 2014-06-23 2015-12-25 Arjowiggins Security Papiers de securite et procedes de fabrication.
EP3109362A1 (fr) * 2015-06-26 2016-12-28 European Central Bank Papier comprenant une feuille intégrée et procédé de fabrication

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0070172A1 (fr) * 1981-07-13 1983-01-19 Portals Limited Papier comprenant un ruban partiellement incorporé, méthode de fabrication du papier et papier de sécurité
WO2003085193A1 (fr) * 2002-04-08 2003-10-16 Oesterreichische Banknoten- Und Sicherheitsdruck Gmbh Document-valeur
WO2014180885A1 (fr) * 2013-05-10 2014-11-13 Fábrica Nacional De Moneda Y Timbre - Real Casa De La Moneda Procédé de fourniture d'une caractéristique de sécurité à un document de sécurité, et document de sécurité
FR3022489A1 (fr) * 2014-06-23 2015-12-25 Arjowiggins Security Papiers de securite et procedes de fabrication.
EP3109362A1 (fr) * 2015-06-26 2016-12-28 European Central Bank Papier comprenant une feuille intégrée et procédé de fabrication

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