EP4203185A1 - Verbesserte breitbandige drahtantenne - Google Patents

Verbesserte breitbandige drahtantenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4203185A1
EP4203185A1 EP22215304.1A EP22215304A EP4203185A1 EP 4203185 A1 EP4203185 A1 EP 4203185A1 EP 22215304 A EP22215304 A EP 22215304A EP 4203185 A1 EP4203185 A1 EP 4203185A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
height
substrate
plane
radius
antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP22215304.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4203185B1 (de
Inventor
Jefferson Champion
Stéphane Mallegol
Ismaël Pele
Erwan Goron
Jessica Benedicto
Noham Guy Philippe MARTIN
Rozenn ALLANIC
Cédric QUENDO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Thales SA
Univerdite de Bretagne Occidentale
Original Assignee
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Thales SA
Univerdite de Bretagne Occidentale
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Publication date
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Publication of EP4203185A1 publication Critical patent/EP4203185A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4203185B1 publication Critical patent/EP4203185B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength
    • H01Q9/27—Spiral antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/108—Combination of a dipole with a plane reflecting surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • H01Q5/25—Ultra-wideband [UWB] systems, e.g. multiple resonance systems; Pulse systems

Definitions

  • the field of the present invention is that of wide frequency band wire antennas.
  • the antennas which are used either individually or in a goniometric or interferometric array, must operate in a very wide frequency band and in a circular, linear or double linear polarization, because neither the frequency nor the polarization of the signal to be captured are known a priori. It should be noted that the characteristics of an antenna being the same in reception and in transmission, an antenna can be characterized both in transmission and in reception. In what follows the behavior in emission is more often presented.
  • These antennas must have the smallest possible bulk and, in particular, a small thickness. They must also have radiation performance (gain, quality of radiation patterns, etc.) that can be reproduced from one antenna to another, for network applications or to facilitate replacement during a maintenance operation.
  • the radiating element consists of a metal wire which is shaped to describe, in a so-called radiating plane, a pattern in the form of a spiral for a spiral antenna, or in the form of a log-periodic for a log antenna.
  • -periodic, or a hybridization of these two geometries for a sinuous antenna as defined for example in the article by Crocker DA et al. “Sinuous Antenna Design for UWB Radar” 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, DOI: 10.1109/APUSNCURSINRSM.2019.8888630 ).
  • the metal wire is wound on itself so as to form, in top view, a spiral.
  • This spiral can for example be an Archimedean spiral, a logarithmic spiral, or other.
  • several metal wires can be used to form as many interlocking spirals.
  • the metal wire is shaped so as to comprise, in top view, several segments. Each segment is inscribed in an angular sector, extends radially and has indentations. The length of each tooth and the spacing between two successive teeth of a segment follow a logarithmic progression.
  • the radiating element is produced by etching a thin metallic layer, for example a layer of copper between 2 and 40 ⁇ m, for example equal to 17.5 ⁇ m or 35 ⁇ m, deposited on a thin support film.
  • a thin metallic layer for example a layer of copper between 2 and 40 ⁇ m, for example equal to 17.5 ⁇ m or 35 ⁇ m, deposited on a thin support film.
  • the radiating plane is located above a metal reflector plane.
  • the wave emitted by the radiating element towards the rear of the radiating plane is reflected forwards by the reflector plane.
  • the wave is phase shifted by an angle ⁇ .
  • the reflected wave propagates forwards and interferes, beyond the radiating plane, with the wave emitted by the radiating element forwards of the radiating plane. This interference is constructive when, for a position of the wavefront, the phases of the waves emitted forward and reflected forward are close. This occurs if the distance separating the radiating plane and the reflecting plane is close to ⁇ /4, where ⁇ is the wavelength in the dielectric medium between the radiating plane and the reflecting plane of the wave emitted by the element radiant.
  • the frequency band of such an antenna is restricted because of the relationship between the operating frequency of the antenna (i.e. the wavelength of the transmitted wave) and the fixed distance between the radiating plane and the reflecting plane (which is defined by construction).
  • an antenna comprising, interposed between the radiating plane and the reflecting plane, a substrate having a relative electrical permittivity which varies as a function of the distance from the axis of the antenna, here referred to as radius r.
  • the fixed distance between the radiating plane and the reflecting plane is thus overcome by modifying the wavelength in the substrate as a function of the radius by varying the value of the permittivity.
  • only one ring of the antenna operates correctly, that is to say allows constructive interference in front of the radiating plane in transmission.
  • a permittivity gradient along the radius r is obtained by producing, in a disk made of a first dielectric material, vertical and crossing vias (empty or filled with a second dielectric material).
  • a permittivity gradient along the radius r is obtained by combining rings made of different dielectric materials, the side faces of the rings being beveled to obtain a continuous permittivity gradient along the radius r.
  • a first problem relates to the generation of creeping waves at the surface of the reflecting plane. Once generated, a creeping wave can disturb the reflection of the wave emitted backwards by the radiating element and consequently alter the constructive interference that one seeks to create with the wave emitted forwards by front of the radiant plane.
  • This first problem is caused by the material of the substrate in the immediate vicinity of the reflective plane, which has a local relative electrical permittivity that is too high. It should ideally be equal to or close to unity.
  • This second problem is caused by the material of the substrate in the immediate vicinity of the radiating plane, which has a local relative electrical permittivity that is too high. It should ideally be equal to or close to unity.
  • a third problem has been identified. It resides in the disturbance of the path of the waves when crossing the substrate.
  • the interface between two successive rings constitutes a jump in the local relative permittivity, that is to say an index jump. This interface therefore disturbs the direction of propagation of the waves by refraction.
  • the reflected wave no longer makes it possible to precisely establish constructive interference in front of the reflector plane.
  • the object of this invention is to solve these problems.
  • the subject of the invention is a wide frequency band wire antenna comprising: a radiating element, the radiating element comprising at least one metal wire shaped around an axis of the antenna, in a transverse radiating plane; a reflecting plane, the reflecting plane being transverse to the axis, the radiating plane being located at a predetermined height (h0) above the reflecting plane; and a substrate, the substrate being interposed between the radiating element and the reflecting plane, and having a constant thickness, characterized in that a local relative electric permittivity and/or a local relative electric permeability of the substrate is a function of the radius, that is to say of the distance to the axis, and of a height, that is to say of a distance to the reflective plane, the local relative electrical permittivity being, at constant height, increasing as a function of the radius, and, at a constant radius, increasing as a function of the height at least for a portion of the substrate in the vicinity of the reflective plane.
  • the wide frequency band wire antenna 2 comprises, stacked along an axis A, a reflector plane 8, a substrate 6 and a radiating element 4.
  • An origin O is chosen at the intersection of the axis A and the reflector plane 8.
  • the coordinate along axis A is called height h. It is therefore the distance to the reflector plane 8.
  • a direction D is chosen extending radially with respect to the axis A in the reflector plane 8.
  • the coordinate along the direction D is called radius r. This is therefore the distance to the A axis.
  • the radiating element 4 is arranged in a radiating plane S, located at a height h 0 of the reflector plane 8.
  • the radiating element 4 is for example made by etching a metal layer carried by a support film 5.
  • the radiating element 4 comprises, for example, first and second metal wires 10 and 12 which are respectively shaped according to a spiral, in particular of Archimedes, around the axis A.
  • the reflector plane 8 is for example a disc with axis A and radius r 0 . It is made of metallic material. Its function is to reflect any incident wave whatever its frequency.
  • Substrate 6 has the general outer shape of a disk with axis A of radius r 0 and of constant thickness, equal to height h 0 .
  • the substrate 6 is in contact, by a lower surface 14, with the reflective plane 8.
  • the substrate 6 is in contact, by an upper surface 15, with the radiating element 4, or more exactly with the support film 5 of the radiating element 4.
  • a power supply device (not shown in the figures) of the radiating element 4 is positioned below the reflector plane 8.
  • the reflector plane 8 and the substrate 6 are advantageously provided with a passage (not shown), along of axis A, for the passage of the supply lines of the radiating element 4.
  • the substrate 6 has a local relative electrical permittivity ⁇ r at the point P(r, h) which is a function of both the radius r and the height h. It can therefore be written: ⁇ r (r, h).
  • the dependence of the permittivity ⁇ r on h, for a given radius r, is such that for h close to 0, that is to say for points P(r, h) of the substrate in the immediate vicinity of the reflective plane 8 , the permittivity is minimum, preferably equal to unity.
  • the material of the substrate 6 in contact with the reflective plane 8 has a low permittivity such as to avoid the generation of creeping waves.
  • the dependence of the permittivity on h, for a given radius r is such that for h close to h 0 , that is to say for the points P(r, h) of the substrate 6 in the immediate vicinity of the plane radiating 4, the permittivity is minimum, preferably equal to unity.
  • the material of the substrate 6 in contact with the radiating element 4 has a low permittivity such as to avoid coupling between two consecutive strands of the radiating element 4.
  • the dependence of the local relative permittivity ⁇ r (r, h) is advantageously continuous in h and in r.
  • the material of the substrate does not disturb the propagation of the waves as they pass through the substrate.
  • the relative electric permittivity considered is an effective permittivity, obtained by integration over the height h, at a given radius r.
  • THE picture 3 represents, in gray level, an example of a substrate whose permittivity ⁇ r at a point P(r, h) depends on the radius r and the height h of this point.
  • the local relative electric permittivity combines the three improvements identified above, namely a value close to unity on the lower surface 14, a value close to unity on the upper surface 15 and continuity at all points.
  • the local permittivity for a given radius r, has a first minimum for a zero height, then increases with the height, to reach a maximum (for example in the middle of the substrate (h 0 /2), then decreases with the height h, to reach a second minimum for the height h 0 .
  • y is a parameter of constant and predefined value
  • n is a variable which can be an integer or a function depending on r and/or h
  • the local relative electric permittivity ⁇ r is a cosine function of the height h, at a given radius r.
  • ⁇ min which is preferably 1.
  • the effective permittivity at a given radius r i.e. the integral according to the variable h of the local relative electric permittivity ⁇ r (r,h) between 0 and h 0 , is a function of the radius r adapted to allow the desired constructive interference, a principle on which this antenna technology is based.
  • an additive manufacturing process for example three-dimensional printing, is preferably implemented.
  • the constituent material of the substrate 6 results from the combination of at least two materials, respectively a first material, having a first low relative permittivity, and a second material, having a second high relative permittivity.
  • the relative concentration of the first and second materials at a point P(r, h) is a function of the coordinates h and r.
  • the first material is deposited so as to have a plurality of first interstices, some of said first interstices being filled with the second material and/or the second material has a plurality of second interstices, some of said second interstices being filled by the first material.
  • three-dimensional printing makes it possible to structure the substrate into cells.
  • the first material is deposited to form the walls 32 of the cell while providing a gap 31, which is left empty.
  • the first material is deposited to form the walls 34 of the cell, while providing a gap 33, the latter then being filled with the second material.
  • the second material is deposited to form the walls 36 of the cell while providing a gap 35, the latter then being filled with the first material.
  • the second material is deposited to form the walls 37 of the cell, without leaving any gaps.
  • the cell is full.
  • the thickness of the walls (and therefore the dimension of the interstices) is adjusted for each cell so as to obtain the value of the desired local relative electrical permittivity, taking into account the properties of the materials used.
  • the first interstices and/or the second interstices have a characteristic dimension which depends on the distance from the axis and/or on the distance from the radiating plane and/or from the reflecting plane.
  • the first interstices and/or the second interstices have a rectangular parallelepipedal shape (as a first approximation). Alternatively, they have a spherical shape.
  • the largest dimension of a gap is less than ⁇ /8, preferably less than ⁇ /10, more preferably less than ⁇ /15.
  • the structure of the substrate has, because of this honeycomb structure, good mechanical strength.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph representing the gain (in Decibel dB) as a function of the operating frequency (in Hertz Hz) of an antenna according to the state of the art and of an antenna according to the invention. The gain is here evaluated along the axis of the antenna.
  • the gain of the antenna according to the invention is much more stable in frequency with gain values often higher than those of an antenna according to the state of the art. .
  • the antenna instead of characterizing the antenna by a local relative electrical permittivity as a function of r and h, it could be characterized by a local relative electrical permeability as a function of r and h.

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Communication Cables (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
EP22215304.1A 2021-12-21 2022-12-21 Verbesserte breitbandige drahtantenne Active EP4203185B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2114098A FR3131108B1 (fr) 2021-12-21 2021-12-21 Antenne filaire amelioree a large bande de frequences.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4203185A1 true EP4203185A1 (de) 2023-06-28
EP4203185B1 EP4203185B1 (de) 2024-09-04

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22215304.1A Active EP4203185B1 (de) 2021-12-21 2022-12-21 Verbesserte breitbandige drahtantenne

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US12080955B2 (de)
EP (1) EP4203185B1 (de)
FR (1) FR3131108B1 (de)
IL (1) IL299213A (de)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6137453A (en) * 1998-11-19 2000-10-24 Wang Electro-Opto Corporation Broadband miniaturized slow-wave antenna
FR3003702A1 (fr) 2013-03-22 2014-09-26 Thales Sa Antenne filaire amelioree a large bande de frequences.
CN207183522U (zh) * 2017-06-02 2018-04-03 厦门大学嘉庚学院 太赫兹波段三维渐变介电常数阵列天线结构

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5563616A (en) * 1994-03-18 1996-10-08 California Microwave Antenna design using a high index, low loss material
US6075485A (en) * 1998-11-03 2000-06-13 Atlantic Aerospace Electronics Corp. Reduced weight artificial dielectric antennas and method for providing the same
US6567048B2 (en) * 2001-07-26 2003-05-20 E-Tenna Corporation Reduced weight artificial dielectric antennas and method for providing the same
FR2906410B1 (fr) * 2006-09-25 2008-12-05 Cnes Epic Antenne a materiau bip(bande interdite photonique), systeme et procede utilisant cette antenne
FR2965669B1 (fr) * 2010-10-01 2012-10-05 Thales Sa Reflecteur d'antenne large bande pour une antenne filaire plane a polarisation circulaire et procede de realisation du deflecteur d'antenne
US8847846B1 (en) * 2012-02-29 2014-09-30 General Atomics Magnetic pseudo-conductor spiral antennas
FR3003701B1 (fr) * 2013-03-22 2016-07-15 Thales Sa Antenne filaire amelioree a large bande de frequences.
FR3052600B1 (fr) * 2016-06-10 2018-07-06 Thales Antenne filaire large bande a motifs resistifs
FR3080959B1 (fr) * 2018-05-04 2021-06-25 Thales Sa Antenne filaire large bande
US20220352639A1 (en) * 2021-04-30 2022-11-03 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Alabama Miniaturized reflector antenna

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6137453A (en) * 1998-11-19 2000-10-24 Wang Electro-Opto Corporation Broadband miniaturized slow-wave antenna
FR3003702A1 (fr) 2013-03-22 2014-09-26 Thales Sa Antenne filaire amelioree a large bande de frequences.
CN207183522U (zh) * 2017-06-02 2018-04-03 厦门大学嘉庚学院 太赫兹波段三维渐变介电常数阵列天线结构

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CROCKER D.A. ET AL.: "Sinuous Antenna Design for UWB Radar", 2019 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION AND USNC-URSI RADIO SCIENCE MEETING

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US12080955B2 (en) 2024-09-03
FR3131108B1 (fr) 2023-12-22
FR3131108A1 (fr) 2023-06-23
EP4203185B1 (de) 2024-09-04
US20230198157A1 (en) 2023-06-22
IL299213A (en) 2023-07-01

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