EP4200886A1 - Laststufenschalter und verfahren zur betätigung eines laststufenschalters - Google Patents
Laststufenschalter und verfahren zur betätigung eines laststufenschaltersInfo
- Publication number
- EP4200886A1 EP4200886A1 EP21755981.4A EP21755981A EP4200886A1 EP 4200886 A1 EP4200886 A1 EP 4200886A1 EP 21755981 A EP21755981 A EP 21755981A EP 4200886 A1 EP4200886 A1 EP 4200886A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- switching element
- semiconductor switching
- load
- fixed contact
- selector arm
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
- H01H9/0016—Contact arrangements for tap changers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
- H01H9/0027—Operating mechanisms
Definitions
- the invention relates to an on-load tap changer for uninterrupted switching between winding taps of a tapped transformer under load and a method for actuating such an on-load tap changer.
- On-load tap changers are used for uninterrupted switching between winding taps of a transformer.
- the circulating current that flows during switching during the simultaneous contacting of the currently wired tap contact and the preselected new tap contact is limited by ohmic resistors, thereby ensuring an uninterrupted change in the transformation ratio of the transformer.
- the ohmic resistance must be designed according to the specific circuit topology, the individual operating conditions and the load current and the step voltage, i.e. in particular the respective application of the on-load tap changer.
- the voltage that is present between the currently switched and the preselected tap contact of the on-load tap changer is referred to as the tap voltage.
- this resistance design is complex and, on the other hand, it also affects the overall structural design of the tap changer. Depending on the application, a different number and dimensioning of resistors is required here. The dimensioning of the resistance value therefore has an effect on the installation space required for the resistors and thus on the design dimensioning of the other on-load tap-changer components.
- the object of the invention is therefore to specify an improved concept for a tap changer that can be adapted more easily to different applications.
- the improved concept is based on the idea of using semiconductor switching elements for load switching and completely dispensing with ohmic resistances. This also eliminates the complex design of the resistors and the on-load tap changer can thus be used in one and the same design in a selected power range up to a maximum load current and a maximum step voltage.
- an on-load tap changer is used specified uninterrupted switching between winding taps of a step transformer.
- the on-load tap changer includes a load changeover switch for switching from a first fixed contact to a second fixed contact of the on-load tap changer and a selector for powerless preselection of the fixed contacts.
- the selector comprises a first selector arm and a second selector arm, which can each be actuated independently of one another and can contact each of the fixed contacts.
- Each fixed contact is electrically connected to a winding tap of the tapped transformer. The total number of fixed contacts depends on the number of winding taps.
- the diverter switch has a total of three branches with switching elements for carrying out the switching.
- a main branch with a mechanical switching element that can connect the first selector arm to a load derivative via the mechanical switching element, a first auxiliary branch with a first semiconductor switching element that is formed parallel to the first main branch and can connect the first selector arm to the load derivative, and a second auxiliary branch with a second semiconductor switching element which can connect the second selector arm to the load derivative.
- the proposed on-load tap changer does not contain an ohmic resistance as a switching resistance, which requires a complex design and can therefore be used in one and the same design in a selected power range up to a maximum load current and a maximum step voltage.
- the first and the second semiconductor switching element are preferably in the form of IGBT switching elements.
- a varistor is arranged in parallel with the first and the second auxiliary branch.
- the on-load tap changer can assume two stationary positions in which both selector arms are on the same fixed contact. A first stationary position in which the first and second selector arms contact the first fixed contact and the first selector arm is connected to the load dissipation via the main branch, and a second stationary position in which the first and second selector arms contact the second fixed contact and the first selector arm is connected to the load transfer via the main branch.
- Each fixed contact preferably has a first contact surface, which of the first Selector arm can be contacted, and a second contact surface, which can be contacted by the second selector arm.
- the mechanical switching element in the main branch is designed as a permanent main contact or as a circuit breaker.
- a method for actuating an on-load tap changer that is designed according to the first aspect of the improved concept is specified.
- the method For switching from a first fixed contact to a second fixed contact, i.e. in a first switching direction of the on-load tap changer, the method comprises the steps of switching on a first semiconductor switching element,
- the first semiconductor switching element and the second semiconductor switching element are actuated in what is known as “intermittent” operation.
- the second semiconductor switching element is then switched on and the load current is thus switched over to the second fixed contact.
- the second semiconductor switching element is switched on after a specified period in a range of, for example, 2 ps to 10 ps, preferably after 5 ps.
- the first semiconductor switching element and the second semiconductor switching element are actuated in what is known as “overlapping” operation.
- the increase in the circulating current is limited by the inductance of the stage, i.e. the part of the control winding of the staged transformer that is located between the first and the second fixed contact.
- the second semiconductor switching element is preferably switched on at the zero crossing of the step voltage.
- the first semiconductor switching element is then switched off and the load current is thus switched over to the second fixed contact.
- the first semiconductor switching element is switched off after a specified period in a range of, for example, 2 ps to 10 ps, preferably after 5 ps.
- the method for switching from the second fixed contact to the first fixed contact, ie in a second switching direction of the on-load tap changer comprises the steps
- the first semiconductor switching element and the second semiconductor switching element are actuated in what is known as “intermittent” operation.
- the first semiconductor switching element is then switched on and the load current is thus switched over to the first fixed contact.
- the first semiconductor switching element is switched on after a specified period in a range of, for example, 2 ps to 10 ps, preferably after 5 ps.
- the first semiconductor switching element and the second semiconductor switching element are actuated in what is known as “overlapping” operation.
- the increase in the circulating current is also limited here by the inductance of the stage.
- the first semiconductor switching element is also preferably switched on at the zero crossing of the step voltage.
- the second semiconductor switching element is then switched off and the load current is thus switched over to the first fixed contact.
- the second semiconductor switching element is switched off after a specified period in a range of, for example, 2 ps to 10 ps, preferably after 5 ps.
- it can be provided that the second semiconductor switching element is switched off as soon as it has been detected that the first semiconductor switching element has been switched on successfully.
- FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of an on-load tap changer in a schematic representation
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of an on-load tap changer according to the improved concept
- FIGS. 3a to 3j show an exemplary switching sequence of the on-load tap changer from FIG. 2; Figure 3d 'to 3f' another exemplary switching sequence of the on-load tap changer from Figure 2.
- an exemplary embodiment of an on-load tap changer 10 for a tapped transformer 1 is shown schematically.
- the tapped transformer 1 has a main winding 2 and a control winding 3 with different winding taps Ni, ..., Nj, ..., N N , which are switched on and off by the on-load tap changer 10.
- the on-load tap changer 10 includes a selector 30, which can contact the different winding taps Ni, ..., Nj, ..., NN of the control winding 3 by means of two movable selector contacts, and a diverter switch 20, which switches the actual load from the currently connected to performs the new, preselected winding tap.
- the load current flows from the currently connected winding tap Nj or Nj +i via the respective selector contact and the diverter switch 20 to a load dissipation 13.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of an on-load tap changer according to the improved concept.
- the on-load tap changer 10 comprises at least a first fixed contact 11 and a second fixed contact 12, each of which can be connected to a winding tap of the control winding 3 of the tapped transformer 1.
- the total number of fixed contacts depends on the number of winding taps.
- Each fixed contact 11, 12 has a first contact surface and a second contact surface.
- the on-load tap changer 10 includes a selector 30 with a first selector arm 31 and a second selector arm 32, which can be actuated independently of one another and can contact each of the fixed contacts.
- the first movable selector arm 31 can contact the first contact surfaces of the fixed contacts 11, 12, but not the second contact surfaces.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic sketch of an exemplary embodiment of the on-load tap changer; in particular, the arrangement of the contact surfaces opposite one another is not absolutely necessary.
- the on-load tap changer 10 further includes a diverter switch 20 for carrying out actual load changeover between the preselected fixed contacts 11, 12.
- the load changeover switch 20 has a total of three current branches.
- the on-load tap changer 10 is in a stationary position.
- the first and the second selector arm 31, 32 are both located on the first fixed contact 11.
- the load current I flows from the contacted fixed contact 11 via the first selector arm 31, the main branch 21 and the closed mechanical switching element 22 to the load dissipation 13.
- the two semiconductor switching elements 24 and 26 are switched off.
- FIGS. 3a to 3j An exemplary switching sequence of the on-load tap changer from FIG. 2 is shown in FIGS. 3a to 3j.
- the first semiconductor switching element After a switching command for switching from the first fixed contact 11 to the second fixed contact 12, the first semiconductor switching element is switched on in a first step (FIG. 3a).
- the second selector arm 32 which is de-energized, is moved from the first fixed contact 11 to the second fixed contact 12, and the mechanical switching element 22 is opened.
- the state shown in FIG. 3c is reached, in which the load current I L flows via the first auxiliary branch 23 and the activated first semiconductor switching element 24.
- the first semiconductor switching element 24 is then switched off, preferably when the current passes through zero (FIG. 3d).
- the course of the current over time can be detected by means of a current sensor (not shown), which is arranged in the current branch of the lead 13 .
- the second semiconductor switching element 26 is switched on after a specified period of 5 ps, for example.
- the second semiconductor switching element can be switched on as soon as it has been detected that the first semiconductor switching element has been successfully switched off.
- the load current I L is thus switched over to the second fixed contact 12 and flows via the second auxiliary branch 25 and the activated second semiconductor switching element 26 (FIG. 3g).
- the first selector arm 31, which is now de-energized, is then switched over to the second fixed contact 12, as indicated by an arrow in FIG. 3g.
- the on-load tap changer 10 has now reached the second stationary position, which is shown in FIG. 3j.
- the load current II goes back to the main branch 21 .
- the first and the second selector arm 31, 32 are both on the second fixed contact 12 and the load current l now flows from the second fixed contact 12 via the first selector arm 31 and the main branch 21 with the closed mechanical switching element 22 to the load dissipation 13.
- the load switching on the second fixed contact 12 is complete.
- the second semiconductor switching element 26 is switched on after the step shown in Figure 3c, so that both semiconductor switching elements 24 and 26 are now switched on ( Figure 3d ').
- a circulating current lc then flows from the first selector arm 31, which is still in contact with the first fixed contact 11, via the first auxiliary branch 23 and the second auxiliary branch 25 to the second selector arm 32, which is already on the second fixed contact 12, and from there via the lying between the first fixed contact 1 1 and the second fixed contact 12 part of the control winding 3 back to the first selector arm 31 ( Figure 3e ').
- the increase in the circulating current is thereby limited via the inductance of the stage, that is to say the part of the control winding 3 of the staged transformer 1 which is located between the first fixed contact 11 and the second fixed contact 12 .
- the first semiconductor switching element 24 is then switched off.
- the load current I L is thus switched over to the second fixed contact 12 and flows via the second auxiliary branch 25 and the still activated second semiconductor switching element 26 (FIG. 3g). From here, the "overlapping" operation takes place again in the same way as the “intermittent" operation of the on-load tap changer (according to FIGS. 3g to 3j).
Landscapes
- Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)
- Power Conversion In General (AREA)
- Protection Of Transformers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020123455.4A DE102020123455A1 (de) | 2020-09-09 | 2020-09-09 | Laststufenschalter und verfahren zur betätigung eines laststufenschalters |
| PCT/EP2021/072170 WO2022053239A1 (de) | 2020-09-09 | 2021-08-09 | Laststufenschalter und verfahren zur betätigung eines laststufenschalters |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4200886A1 true EP4200886A1 (de) | 2023-06-28 |
| EP4200886B1 EP4200886B1 (de) | 2025-12-17 |
| EP4200886C0 EP4200886C0 (de) | 2025-12-17 |
Family
ID=77398567
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21755981.4A Active EP4200886B1 (de) | 2020-09-09 | 2021-08-09 | Laststufenschalter und verfahren zur betätigung eines laststufenschalters |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12456590B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4200886B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN116057658A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020123455A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES3062919T3 (de) |
| PL (1) | PL4200886T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022053239A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3555404A (en) | 1968-07-05 | 1971-01-12 | Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck | Tap-changing transformer system including vacuum switch units |
| JPS62199007A (ja) | 1986-02-27 | 1987-09-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 負荷時タツプ切換装置 |
| AT400496B (de) | 1987-06-25 | 1996-01-25 | Elin Oltc Gmbh Stufenschalter | Thyristor-lastumschalter |
| AT406988B (de) | 1997-04-22 | 2000-11-27 | Elin Oltc Gmbh Stufenschalter | Schaltungsanordnung bei einem lastumschalter |
| SE9903392L (sv) * | 1999-09-20 | 2001-03-21 | Abb Ab | Elektrisk kopplingsanordning, förfarande för styrning av densamma och användning av kopplingsanordningen |
| DE102004052316B3 (de) | 2004-10-28 | 2005-12-01 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | Verfahren zur Schaltzeitmessung an einem Laststufenschalter und Schaltung zur Schaltzeitmessung |
| BRPI0822740A2 (pt) | 2008-08-27 | 2015-06-23 | Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck | Comutador de derivação com elementos de comutação semi-condutores |
| GB0916190D0 (en) * | 2009-09-15 | 2009-10-28 | Imp Innovations Ltd | Method and apparatus for performing on-load mechanical switching operations |
| DE202009018524U1 (de) | 2009-10-08 | 2012-01-31 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | Stufenschalter |
| DE102010008973B4 (de) | 2010-02-24 | 2015-11-05 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | Stufenschalter des Hybridtyps mit Halbleiterschaltelementen |
| DE202010017377U1 (de) | 2010-06-18 | 2012-01-03 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | Laststufenschalter |
| DE102014106997A1 (de) * | 2014-05-19 | 2015-11-19 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | Schaltanordnung für einen Stufentransformator sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer derartigen Schaltanordnung |
| US10159524B2 (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2018-12-25 | Ethicon Llc | High power battery powered RF amplifier topology |
| DE102015106178A1 (de) * | 2015-04-22 | 2016-10-27 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | Laststufenschalter |
-
2020
- 2020-09-09 DE DE102020123455.4A patent/DE102020123455A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-08-09 WO PCT/EP2021/072170 patent/WO2022053239A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-08-09 CN CN202180054978.4A patent/CN116057658A/zh active Pending
- 2021-08-09 ES ES21755981T patent/ES3062919T3/es active Active
- 2021-08-09 US US18/044,208 patent/US12456590B2/en active Active
- 2021-08-09 EP EP21755981.4A patent/EP4200886B1/de active Active
- 2021-08-09 PL PL21755981.4T patent/PL4200886T3/pl unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES3062919T3 (en) | 2026-04-14 |
| CN116057658A (zh) | 2023-05-02 |
| EP4200886B1 (de) | 2025-12-17 |
| WO2022053239A1 (de) | 2022-03-17 |
| US12456590B2 (en) | 2025-10-28 |
| DE102020123455A1 (de) | 2022-03-10 |
| US20240029966A1 (en) | 2024-01-25 |
| PL4200886T3 (pl) | 2026-04-27 |
| EP4200886C0 (de) | 2025-12-17 |
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