EP4193811A1 - Elektrode für einen plasmaschneidbrenner, anordnung mit derselben, plasmaschneidbrenner mit derselben sowie verfahren zum plasmaschneiden - Google Patents
Elektrode für einen plasmaschneidbrenner, anordnung mit derselben, plasmaschneidbrenner mit derselben sowie verfahren zum plasmaschneidenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4193811A1 EP4193811A1 EP21798270.1A EP21798270A EP4193811A1 EP 4193811 A1 EP4193811 A1 EP 4193811A1 EP 21798270 A EP21798270 A EP 21798270A EP 4193811 A1 EP4193811 A1 EP 4193811A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- nozzle
- better
- plasma cutting
- emission insert
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 14
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000530268 Lycaena heteronea Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWKWDCOTNGQLID-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[Ar] Chemical compound [N].[Ar] PWKWDCOTNGQLID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003452 thorium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/3478—Geometrical details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/3442—Cathodes with inserted tip
Definitions
- Electrode for a plasma cutting torch arrangement with the same, plasma cutting torch with the same and method for plasma cutting
- the present invention relates to electrodes for a particularly liquid-cooled plasma cutting torch and, particularly liquid-cooled, arrangements with the same, plasma cutting torches with the same and methods for plasma cutting.
- Plasma cutting torches are used for plasma cutting of metals. They usually essentially consist of a torch body, an electrode, a nozzle and a holder for it. Modern plasma torches and plasma cutting torches also have a nozzle protection cap fitted over the nozzle. A nozzle is often fixed using a nozzle cap.
- the components that wear out during operation of the plasma cutting torch as a result of the high thermal load caused by the arc are in particular the electrode, the nozzle, the nozzle cap, the nozzle protective cap, the nozzle protective cap holder and the plasma gas guide and secondary gas guide parts. These components can be easily changed by an operator and are therefore referred to as wearing parts.
- the plasma cutting torches are connected by leads to a power source and a gas supply which power the plasma cutting torch. Furthermore, the plasma cutting torch can be connected to a cooling device for a cooling medium, such as a cooling liquid.
- a cooling medium such as a cooling liquid.
- High thermal loads occur with plasma cutting torches. This is due to the strong constriction of the plasma jet by the nozzle bore. Small bores are used here so that high current densities of 50 to 150 A/mm 2 in the nozzle bore, high energy densities of approx. 2xio 6 W/cm 2 and high temperatures of up to 30,000 K are generated.
- higher gas pressures usually up to 12 bar, are used in plasma cutting torches.
- the combination of high temperature and high kinetic energy of the plasma gas flowing through the nozzle bore causes the workpiece to melt and the melt to be expelled. A kerf is created and the workpiece is separated.
- nitrogen or gas mixtures containing nitrogen are often used as the plasma gas to cut high-alloy steel, stainless steel, non-ferrous metals or non-ferrous metal alloys such as e.g. B. to cut aluminum or an aluminum-magnesium alloy.
- nitrogen or nitrogen-containing gas mixtures it is also possible to use nitrogen or nitrogen-containing gas mixtures to cut low- and unalloyed, i.e. so-called construction steel.
- a plasma gas flows between the electrode and the nozzle.
- the plasma gas is guided through a gas guiding part (plasma gas guiding part). This allows the plasma gas to be directed in a targeted manner. It is often rotated around the electrode by a radial and/or axial offset of the openings in the plasma gas guide part.
- the plasma gas guide part is made of electrically insulating material because the electrode and the nozzle must be electrically insulated from each other. This is necessary because the electrode and nozzle have different electrical potentials during operation of the plasma cutting torch. To operate the plasma cutting torch, an arc is generated between the electrode and the nozzle and/or the workpiece, which ionizes the plasma gas.
- a high voltage can be applied between the electrode and the nozzle, which provides for a pre-ionization of the distance between the electrode and the nozzle and thus for the formation of an arc.
- the arc burning between the electrode and the nozzle is also known as the pilot arc.
- the pilot arc exits through the nozzle bore and strikes the workpiece, ionizing the path to the workpiece. This allows the arc to form between the electrode and the workpiece.
- This arc is also referred to as the main arc.
- the pilot arc can be switched off during the main arc. However, it can also continue to be operated. During plasma cutting, this is often switched off in order not to put additional strain on the nozzle.
- the electrode and the nozzle are thermally highly stressed and must be cooled. At the same time, they must also conduct the electrical current that is required to form the arc. For this reason, materials that conduct heat well and materials that conduct electricity well, usually metals such as copper, silver, aluminum, tin, zinc, iron or alloys containing at least one of these metals, are used for this purpose.
- the electrode often consists of an electrode holder and an emission insert made of a material that has a high melting temperature (> 3000°C).
- a high melting temperature > 3000°C.
- tungsten is used as the material for the emission insert.
- the high-temperature material can be pressed into an electrode holder, which consists of a material that conducts heat and electricity well, for example with a form fit and/or force fit.
- the electrode and nozzle can be cooled by gas, for example the plasma gas or a secondary gas, which flows along the outside of the nozzle.
- gas for example the plasma gas or a secondary gas
- the electrode and/or the nozzle are often cooled directly with the liquid, ie the liquid is in direct contact with the electrode and/or the nozzle.
- a nozzle cap around the nozzle, the inner surface of which together with the outer surface of the nozzle forms a coolant space in which the coolant flows.
- nozzle protection cap outside the nozzle and/or the nozzle cap.
- the inner surface of the nozzle guard and the outer surface of the nozzle or nozzle cap form a space through which a shield or shield gas flows.
- the secondary or protective gas emerges from the hole in the nozzle protection cap and envelops the plasma jet and ensures a defined atmosphere around it.
- the shielding gas protects the tip and tip guard from arcing that can form between the tip and the workpiece. These are called double arcs and can damage the nozzle.
- the nozzle and the nozzle protection cap are heavily loaded by hot material spraying up.
- the secondary gas the volume flow of which can be higher when piercing compared to the value when cutting, keeps the spraying material away from the nozzle and the nozzle protection cap and thus protects against damage.
- the nozzle protection cap is also subjected to high thermal loads and must be cooled. For this reason, materials that conduct heat well and materials that conduct electricity well, usually metals such as copper, silver, aluminum, tin, zinc, iron or alloys containing at least one of these metals, are used for this purpose.
- the electrode and the nozzle can also be cooled indirectly. They are connected to a component made of a material that conducts heat and electricity well, usually a metal such as copper, silver, aluminum, tin, zinc, iron or alloys containing at least one of these metals , contacted by touch. This component is in turn cooled directly, i.e. it is in direct contact with the mostly flowing coolant. At the same time, these components can serve as holders or receptacles for the electrode, the nozzle, the nozzle cap or the nozzle protection cap, and can conduct the heat away and supply the current.
- a component made of a material that conducts heat and electricity well, usually a metal such as copper, silver, aluminum, tin, zinc, iron or alloys containing at least one of these metals , contacted by touch.
- This component is in turn cooled directly, i.e. it is in direct contact with the mostly flowing coolant.
- these components can serve as holders or receptacles for the electrode, the nozzle, the
- the nozzle protection cap is usually only cooled by the secondary gas. Arrangements are also known in which the secondary gas cap is cooled directly or indirectly by a cooling liquid.
- the wear parts are subject to high loads due to the high energy density and the high temperatures. This applies in particular to the electrode.
- the service life is often too short, especially when using nitrogen or nitrogen-containing gas mixtures as plasma gas. In addition, there are often large fluctuations in the service life.
- a high cutting quality and cutting speed is achieved when cutting high-alloy steel, stainless steel, non-ferrous metals or non-ferrous metal alloys by using so-called tip electrodes.
- the emission insert protrudes from the electrode holder and is pointed at the front.
- the cutting quality can be improved by using nitrogen, argon-nitrogen, nitrogen-hydrogen or argon-hydrogen-nitrogen mixtures.
- the service life of the electrode decreases considerably even with relatively small currents below too A for plasma cutting.
- the emission insert wears out during operation, i.e. when the arc or plasma jet is burning. Gradually it burns back and the part protruding from the electrode holder shortens. The quality of the cut deteriorates considerably as the burn-back increases. Especially when cutting high-alloy steel, stainless steel, non-ferrous metals or non-ferrous metal alloys, this in turn leads to a greater squareness and inclination tolerance of the cut surface according to DIN ISO 9013, to the formation of dross on the underside of the material to be cut and to greater roughness of the cut surface.
- the cut quality is usually no longer acceptable. If it burns back even further, e.g. more than 2 mm, the arc will transfer from the emission insert to the electrode holder and the entire electrode will suddenly fail. It also comes to the destruction of the nozzle. It can even destroy the entire burner.
- tungsten electrodes with rare earth oxides in order to increase their service life and to improve the ability of the arc to ignite.
- rare earth oxides are, for example, lanthanum, thorium or cerium oxide. This is known for applications using argon as the gas. If such electrodes are used with nitrogen, the service life drops rapidly.
- the aim of the invention is to achieve a high cutting speed, a high cutting quality and a long service life, at least for the electrode during plasma cutting.
- an electrode for a plasma cutting torch comprising an electrode holder and an emission insert, which are connected to one another in a non-positive, positive and/or material connection, characterized in that the emission insert consists of an alloy of at least tungsten and consists of at least one of the elements or compounds listed below: zirconium and/or hafnium and/or zirconium oxide and/or hafnium oxide.
- an electrode for a plasma cutting torch having a front end and a rear end, extending along a longitudinal axis and having at least one emission insert at the front end and an electrode holder, in particular wherein at least one Part of the emission insert in the direction of the front end of the electrode protrudes or protrudes from the electrode holder, in particular wherein the emission insert protrudes or protrudes from the electrode holder has a preferably conically tapering section in the direction of the front end.
- this object is achieved according to a third aspect by an arrangement of an electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 23 and a nozzle.
- this object is achieved according to a fourth aspect by a plasma cutting torch, comprising an electrode according to one of Claims 1 to 23, a nozzle and/or a nozzle protection cap and/or a plasma gas guide part.
- this object is achieved according to a fifth aspect by a method for plasma cutting, using a plasma cutting torch according to one of claims 27 to 29, wherein the plasma cutting torch (1) is operated with nitrogen or a gas mixture with nitrogen as the plasma gas.
- the proportion of zirconium and/or hafnium and/or zirconium oxide and/or hafnium oxide is favorably at least 0.1%, better still at least 0.3% of the volume or the mass of the alloy of the emission insert.
- the proportion of zirconium and/or hafnium and/or zirconium oxide and/or hafnium oxide is advantageously at most 5%, better at most 2%, of the volume or mass of the alloy of the emission insert.
- the proportion of tungsten is at least 95%, more preferably at least 98%, most preferably 99% of the volume or mass of the emitter insert alloy.
- At least 20%, preferably at least 25%, even better at least 30% of the remaining 100% of the volume or mass of the alloy of the emission insert is made of copper and/or silver.
- the electrode has a front end and a rear end, extends along a longitudinal axis L, and has the emissive insert at the front end.
- part of the emission insert may protrude or protrude towards the front end of the electrode from the electrode holder.
- the emission insert protruding or protruding from the electrode holder has a section that tapers, preferably conically, in the direction of the front end.
- an outer surface of the preferably conically tapering section extending towards the front end along the longitudinal axis L forms an angle (ß) of 15 ° to 30°, preferably of 20° to 25 ° , between the outer surface and the longitudinal axis L.
- the electrode holder can have a tapering, preferably conical, tapering section towards the front end.
- an outer surface of the preferably conically tapering section extending towards the front end along the longitudinal axis L forms an angle a of 15 ° to 30°, preferably of 20° to 25 ° , between the outer surface and the longitudinal axis L.
- angles ⁇ and ⁇ have a maximum difference of 10°, better of a maximum of 5 ° and are best of the same size.
- the emission insert advantageously has a circular surface at the front end of the electrode, which has a diameter D3 of at most 1.5 mm, better still at most 1.0 mm, best of all at most 0.6 mm.
- the emission insert advantageously has a circular surface at the front end of the electrode, which has a diameter D3 of at least 0.2 mm, better still at least 0.4 mm.
- the area at the front end of the electrode can also be other than circular. Regardless of whether it is circular or not, it is advantageous maximum 1.8 mm 2 , preferably maximum 0.8 mm 2 , preferably maximum 0.3 mm 2 and/or minimum 0.05 mm 2 , preferably minimum 0.1 mm 2 .
- the emission insert has a largest outside diameter D2 and the electrode holder has a smallest outside diameter Di, the difference between Di and D2 being between 0.2 mm and 1 mm.
- an outer surface of the preferably conically tapering section extending towards the front end along the longitudinal axis L can have an angle ⁇ of 15 ° to 30°, preferably of 20° to 25 ° , between the outer surface and of the longitudinal axis L.
- the electrode holder can have a section that tapers, preferably conically, towards the front end.
- An outer surface of the preferably conically tapering section extending towards the front end along the longitudinal axis L advantageously forms an angle ⁇ of 15 ° to 30°, preferably of 20° to 25 ° , between the outer surface and the longitudinal axis L.
- angles ⁇ and ⁇ can differ by a maximum of 10°, better by a maximum of 5 ° , and ideally be of the same size.
- the emission insert can have a circular area at the front end of the electrode, which has a diameter D3 of at most 1.5 mm, better still at most 1.0 mm, most preferably at most 0.6 mm.
- the emission insert can have a circular area at the front end of the electrode, which has a diameter D3 of at least 0.2 mm, better still at least 0.4 mm.
- the area at the front end of the electrode can also be other than circular. Regardless of whether it is circular or not, it is advantageously at most 1.8 mm 2 , better at most 0.8 mm 2 , most preferably at most 0.3 mm 2 and/or at least 0.05 mm 2 , better at least 0 .1 mm 2 in size.
- the emission insert can have a largest outer diameter D2 and the electrode holder a smallest outer diameter Di, the difference between Di and D2 being between 0.2 mm and 1 mm.
- angles between the outer surface (7.1.3) of the conical section (7.1.1) of the electrode (7) and the longitudinal axis (L) and the inner surface of the nozzle ( 4) and the longitudinal axis (L) have a difference of at most 10°, better of at most 5 ° , even better of the same size.
- a distance Li between the front end (14) of the electrode and a rear end of the nozzle channel (4.1) of the nozzle (4) Li ⁇ 1.5 mm, better Li ⁇ 1mm and/or Li ⁇ 1, 5 *D4, better Li ⁇ 1.0 * D4, with D4 being the smallest diameter of the nozzle channel.
- angles between the outer surface of the conical section of the electrode and the longitudinal axis L and the inner surface of the nozzle opposite the outer surface and the longitudinal axis L have a difference of a maximum of 10°, better of a maximum of 5 0 have, even better are the same size.
- the plasma gas mixture may consist of nitrogen and argon, or nitrogen and hydrogen, or nitrogen and argon and hydrogen.
- the plasma cutting torch is advantageously operated with nitrogen or a gas mixture with nitrogen or air or a gas mixture with air as the secondary gas.
- the secondary gas mixture favorably consists of nitrogen and argon or of nitrogen and hydrogen or of nitrogen and argon and hydrogen or of air and argon or of air and nitrogen.
- At least 30%, more preferably 50% and most preferably 75% of the volume of the plasma gas and/or the secondary gas consists of nitrogen or air.
- At least the electrode and/or the nozzle and/or the nozzle protection cap is/are advantageously cooled with a liquid medium.
- the workpiece to be cut can be made of a high-alloy steel, a stainless steel or a non-ferrous metal or non-ferrous metal alloy.
- the non-ferrous metal can consist at least in part of aluminum, copper, titanium, zinc or tin.
- the present invention is based on the surprising finding that the materials used and / or the structural design of the electrode a long service life and a high cut quality over a long period of time when using a nitrogen-containing plasma gas or mixture in one Plasma torches especially when cutting high-alloy steel, stainless steel or a non-ferrous metal/-! government is achieved.
- FIG. 1 shows a sectional illustration through a plasma cutting torch head of a plasma torch according to a particular embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 shows a sectional illustration through a plasma cutting torch head of a plasma torch according to a further particular embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 shows an individual representation of the electrode contained in FIGS. 1 and 2 in a side view
- FIG. 4 shows a detailed view of FIG. 3
- Figure 5 is a bottom view of the electrode shown in Figure 3;
- FIG. 6 shows a partial sectional view of an electrode according to a particular embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 7 is a partial sectional view of the electrode shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3-5.
- FIGS 1 and 2 show sectional views through plasma cutting torch heads according to particular embodiments of the present invention, in which a Electrode according to a particular embodiment of the present invention and an electrode and nozzle arrangement according to a particular embodiment of the present invention have been employed.
- FIGs 3, 4 and 5 show details of the electrode included in the plasma cutting torch heads of Figures 1 and 2.
- Figure 6 shows a sectional view of an electrode according to another particular embodiment of the invention
- Figure 7 shows a sectional view of the electrode shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 to 5.
- the plasma cutting torch head 1 shown in FIG. 1 has an electrode 7, a nozzle 4 and a plasma gas feed 3 for plasma gas PG.
- the plasma cutting torch head according to a particular embodiment of the present invention extends along the longitudinal axis L and has a front end 14 and a rear end 15.
- the electrode 7 is screwed into an electrode holder 6 by means of a thread and is supplied from the inside with a cooling medium, which is supplied via the inside of a cooling tube 11 as the coolant supply WV1 and is returned to a space 13 formed between the outside of the cooling tube 11 and the electrode holder 6 as the coolant return WRi , chilled.
- the nozzle 4 is held by a nozzle cap 2 .
- a cooling medium flows between the nozzle 4 and the nozzle cap 2 in a space 10, which is fed back via the coolant supply WV2 and the coolant return WR2.
- a nozzle protection cap 9 encloses the nozzle 4 and the nozzle cap 2.
- secondary gas SG flows through a secondary gas duct 9.1, which at the same time isolates the nozzle protection cap 9 from the nozzle cap 2 and keeps it at a distance.
- the secondary gas flow can 9.1 z. B. be designed so that they rotate the secondary gas SG leaves.
- the nozzle protection cap 9 is fixed by a nozzle protection cap holder 8, which is attached to the plasma torch head by means of threads.
- the nozzle 4 has in its interior, seen from the front end 14, a nozzle channel 4.1 and a conically widening space 4.3.
- the inner surface of the space 4.2 of the nozzle 4 runs parallel to a conical outer surface 7.1.3 of a section 7.1.1 of the electrode 7. A good plasma gas flow in the remaining space between the nozzle 4 and the electrode 7 is thus achieved.
- the front circular surface of the emission insert 7.2 is due to the pointed design of the electrode 7. very close to the end of the nozzle channel 4.1.
- the diameter D4 of the nozzle channel 4.1 is 1.2 mm in both figures, for example.
- the front face 7.2.4 of the emission insert can be other than circular. Regardless of whether it is circular or not, it is advantageously at most 1.8 mm 2 , better at most 0.8 mm 2 , most preferably at most 0.3 mm 2 and/or at least 0.05 mm 2 , better at least 0 .1 mm 2 in size.
- the plasma gas guide part 3.1 which insulates the electrode 7 and the nozzle 4 from one another and allows the plasma gas PG to flow through openings into the nozzle interior.
- the plasma gas PG can be set in rotation by a radial offset of the openings with respect to the longitudinal axis L or by inclination of the openings with respect to the longitudinal axis L.
- the electrode 7 consists of an electrode holder 7.1 and an emission insert
- the emission insert 7.2 is fixed in the electrode holder 7.1. This can be force, form or materially connected. Good heat transfer between the emission insert 7.2 and the electrode holder 7.1 is thus achieved.
- the electrode holder 7.1 can be water-cooled, in which case it can have a cavity on the inside through which the cooling medium flows.
- the electrode holder 7.1 consists of a material that conducts heat and electricity well, for example copper or silver or an alloy thereof. An alloy as specified in one of claims 1 to 5 can be used for the emission insert 7.2.
- the thermal conductivity is advantageously >300 W/(m*K), for example silver 429 W/(m*K), copper 398 W/(m*K).
- the electrical conductivity is advantageously more than 10 7 S/m (for example silver 61*100 6 S/m, copper 58*100 6 S/m).
- an alloy of tungsten and zirconium oxide is used.
- the proportion of tungsten here is, for example, 99.3% and that of zirconium oxide is 0.3% of the mass of the alloy.
- the proportion missing to make up 100% of the mass consists of copper with a proportion of 0.15% of the total mass.
- the plasma cutting torch head 1 shown in FIG. 2 differs from the plasma cutting torch head shown in FIG. 1 in the inner contour of the nozzle.
- the nozzle 4 In its interior, seen from the front end 14, the nozzle 4 has a cylindrical nozzle channel 4.1, a further essentially cylindrical space 4.2 and a conically widening space 4.3.
- Substantially cylindrical means that the cylindrical inner surface of this space 4.3 is larger than the inner surface of the smaller conical section shown here directly on the nozzle channel 4.1.
- the inner surface of the space 4.3 of the nozzle 4 runs parallel to the outer surface 7.1.3 of the section 7.1.1 of the electrode 7. A good flow of plasma gas in the remaining space between the nozzle 4 and the electrode 7 is thus achieved.
- the front circular area 7.2.4 of the emission insert 7.2 comes very close to the end of the nozzle channel 4.1.
- the length Li is 1.2 mm here, for example.
- the diameter D4 of the nozzle channel 4.1 is 1.2 mm, for example.
- the front face 7.2.4 of the emission insert can be other than circular. Regardless of whether it is circular or not, it is advantageously at most 1.8 mm 2 , better at most 0.8 mm 2 , most preferably at most 0.3 mm 2 and/or at least 0.05 mm 2 , better at least 0 .1 mm 2 in size.
- Figures 3, 4 and 5 show in more detail the construction of the electrode of Figures 1 and 2.
- Figures 3, 4 and 5 show the electrode 7 extending along a longitudinal axis L and having a front end 7.4 and a rear end 7.3.
- the electrode consists of the electrode holder 7.1 and the emission insert 7.2, which is pressed here by way of example with its rear section 7.2.1 into the electrode holder 7.1 and is thus connected in a non-positive manner.
- the electrode holder 7.1 has a rear section 7.1.2, which is designed here by way of example with a thread and can be screwed into the electrode holder 6 of the plasma cutting torch head.
- the electrode holder 7.2 has a conically tapering section 7.1.1 towards the front end 7.4 of the electrode 7. with an outer surface 7.1.3. At the front end there is a circular surface with a diameter Di.
- An angle a enclosed by the outer surface 7.1.3 of the conical section 7.1.1 of the electrode holder 7.1 and the longitudinal axis L is 23 ° here, for example.
- the emission insert 7.2 has a rear section 7.2.1 protruding into the electrode holder 7.1 and a section protruding from the electrode holder 7.1, which has a cylindrical section 7.2.2 with the diameter D2 and a conically tapering section 7.2.3 with an outer surface 7.2.5 having.
- the diameter Di is 2.0 mm, for example.
- the diameter Di is 2.5 mm, for example.
- the difference between Di and D2 is 0.25 mm. The small difference ensures that the plasma gas PG flowing in the space between the nozzle 4 and the electrode 7 (as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2) is disturbed as little as possible and flows as evenly and homogeneously as possible. This ensures good cutting quality.
- the emission insert 7.2 has a circular surface 7.2.4 towards the front end 14, which has a diameter D3 of, for example, 0.4 mm (see FIG. 4).
- An angle ⁇ enclosed by the outer surface 7.2.5 of the conical section 7.2.3 of the emission insert 7.2 and the longitudinal axis L is 23° here, for example.
- the angles ⁇ and ⁇ of the conically tapering sections of the electrode holder 7.1 and of the emission insert 7.2 are the same.
- the equal size of the angles ⁇ and ⁇ ensures that the plasma gas PG flowing in the space between the nozzle 4 and the electrode 7 (as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2) flows as uniformly and homogeneously as possible. This ensures good cutting quality.
- the front face 7.2.4 of the emission insert can be other than circular. Regardless of whether it is circular or not, it is advantageously at most 1.8 mm 2 , better at most 0.8 mm 2 , most preferably at most 0.3 mm 2 and/or at least 0.05 mm 2 , better at least 0 .1 mm 2 in size.
- the diameter D3 is 0.4 mm here, for example. This ensures that the service life of the electrode is sufficiently high even during plasma cutting with a plasma gas containing nitrogen, and at the same time remains sufficiently centered due to the relatively small circular area 7.2.4. This ensures a long service life and good cutting quality at the same time. Since the diameter D3 is 0.4 mm in this example, the circular area 7.2.4 is 0.125 mm 2 .
- FIG. 6 shows an electrode 7 which differs from the embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 in that the interior is solid, for example.
- FIG. 7 shows the electrode from FIG. 1 again.
- the electrode has a hollow space 7.12 on the inside, which extends from the rear end 7.3 in the direction of the front end.
- the cooling is much more effective than in the case of an electrode according to FIG. 6, because the coolant is conducted through a cooling tube, as described in FIGS. 1 and 2, in the vicinity of the emission insert. This also increases the service life of the electrode, in particular that of the emission insert.
- the described electrodes 7 and the described plasma cutting torch 1 are used for plasma cutting with a plasma gas containing nitrogen. deployed. This is particularly beneficial for plasma cutting of workpieces made of a high alloy steel, a stainless steel, or a non-ferrous metal or alloy. But it is also possible to cut mild steel.
- an electrode 7 with an electrode holder 7.1 and an emission insert 7.2 achieves a long service life and good cutting quality.
- WRi, WR2 Coolant returns a Angle between the outer surface 7.1.3 of the electrode holder and the longitudinal axis L ß Angle between the outer surface 7.2.5 of the emission insert and the longitudinal axis L
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- Plasma Technology (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102020120676 | 2020-08-05 | ||
DE102020125073.8A DE102020125073A1 (de) | 2020-08-05 | 2020-09-25 | Elektrode für einen Plasmaschneidbrenner, Anordnung mit derselben, Plasmaschneidbrenner mit derselben sowie Verfahren zum Plasmaschneiden |
PCT/DE2021/100652 WO2022028648A1 (de) | 2020-08-05 | 2021-07-29 | Elektrode für einen plasmaschneidbrenner, anordnung mit derselben, plasmaschneidbrenner mit derselben sowie verfahren zum plasmaschneiden |
Publications (1)
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EP4193811A1 true EP4193811A1 (de) | 2023-06-14 |
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EP21798270.1A Pending EP4193811A1 (de) | 2020-08-05 | 2021-07-29 | Elektrode für einen plasmaschneidbrenner, anordnung mit derselben, plasmaschneidbrenner mit derselben sowie verfahren zum plasmaschneiden |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP4193811A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN116195370A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102020125073A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2022028648A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2922028A (en) * | 1957-11-25 | 1960-01-19 | Union Carbide Corp | Electric arc electrodes |
SU421458A1 (ru) * | 1972-11-09 | 1974-03-30 | Д. Собольницкий, А. К. Кочергин, В. А. Яковлев, С. В. Алексеев, С. , В. Е. Рунов | Неплавящийся электрод |
US4369919A (en) | 1980-10-31 | 1983-01-25 | Npk Za Kontrolno Zavarachni Raboti | Plasma torch for processing metals in the air and under water |
JPH07130490A (ja) | 1993-11-02 | 1995-05-19 | Komatsu Ltd | プラズマトーチ |
FR2852541B1 (fr) | 2003-03-18 | 2005-12-16 | Air Liquide | Procede de coupage plasma avec double flux de gaz |
DE102007031534A1 (de) * | 2007-06-28 | 2009-01-02 | Technische Universität Dresden | Wolfram-Inertgas-Schweißbrenner |
FR2928287A1 (fr) * | 2008-03-05 | 2009-09-11 | Air Liquide | Procede et torche de decoupe plasma avec tuyere-electrode a profil incurve. |
PL2667689T3 (pl) | 2012-05-24 | 2019-04-30 | Kjellberg Stiftung | Elektroda dla palnika do cięcia plazmowego i jej zastosowanie |
CA2901485A1 (en) * | 2013-02-15 | 2014-08-21 | Pyrogenesis Canada Inc. | High power dc non transferred steam plasma torch system |
CA2948681A1 (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2015-11-19 | Pyrogenesis Canada Inc. | Energy efficient high power plasma torch |
FR3044201B1 (fr) * | 2015-11-24 | 2017-12-15 | Air Liquide Welding France | Torche a plasma d'arc avec electrode en tungstene |
-
2020
- 2020-09-25 DE DE102020125073.8A patent/DE102020125073A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-07-29 CN CN202180057632.XA patent/CN116195370A/zh active Pending
- 2021-07-29 EP EP21798270.1A patent/EP4193811A1/de active Pending
- 2021-07-29 WO PCT/DE2021/100652 patent/WO2022028648A1/de unknown
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CN116195370A (zh) | 2023-05-30 |
WO2022028648A1 (de) | 2022-02-10 |
DE102020125073A1 (de) | 2022-02-10 |
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