EP4191004B1 - Locking device for a locking element - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an electromechanical locking device for a closure element or for a switching element according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a locking device is provided with a stator and a rotor as components and with a locking element. The rotor is mounted in the stator. The locking element is mounted in a first component of the components and can be moved between a first position and a second position. In the first position, the locking element engages in a second component of the components. In the second position, the locking element is disengaged from the second component. The second component has a first contact surface for the locking element, which moves the locking element from the first position to the second position when the rotor rotates. The invention also relates to a locking device equipped with such a locking device. Locking devices are available in numerous designs, for example in the form of a locking cylinder.

The EP 1 914 368 B1 discloses a locking cylinder with a locking element that is located in a first position in both a rotor and a stator and thus blocks rotation of the rotor relative to the stator. In a second position of the locking element, however, the locking element is completely in the rotor, so that the rotor can rotate relative to the stator. In order to get from the first position to the second position, a blocking element in the rotor is rotated from a blocking position to a release position. In the release position, the blocking element allows the locking element to move from the first position to the second position. The movement of the locking element is caused by inclined contact surfaces in the stator, which push the locking element into the second position when the rotor rotates. So that the locking element remains spaced apart from the blocking element in the first position, a magnet is provided that holds the locking element in the first position. The disadvantage of this is that when the rotor moves, the locking element is always pressed against the blocking element by the contact surfaces. This can damage the blocking element and the locking element.

The FR 2 945 065 A1 discloses a locking cylinder in which, when a key is removed, the locking element is held in a first position in which the locking element mounted in the stator engages the rotor and blocks the rotation of the rotor by contact surfaces in the rotor. By inserting a key, a component element which has inclined contact surfaces for the locking element is forced into a position in which the inclined contact surfaces can disengage the locking element from the rotor during rotation.

The object of the invention is therefore to further develop a generic locking device such that the risk of damage to the locking device, in particular the blocking element and/or the locking element, during operation is at least reduced. In particular, a locking device provided with such a locking device is also to be created.

The object is solved by independent claim 1. Advantageous further developments of the device are specified in the dependent device claims, the description and in the figures. Furthermore, the object is also solved by a locking device according to claim 13. Advantageous further developments of the locking device are specified in the description and in the figures. Features and details that are described in connection with the locking device according to the invention also apply in connection with the locking device according to the invention and vice versa. The features mentioned in the description and in the claims can each be essential to the invention individually or in combination.

According to the invention, a locking device is provided with a stator and a rotor as components and a locking element. The rotor is mounted in the stator, in particular so as to be rotatable. The locking element is mounted in a first component of the components and can be moved between a first position and a second position. In the first position, the locking element engages in a second component of the components. In the second position, the locking element is disengaged from the second component. The second component has a first contact surface for the locking element which, when the rotor rotates, moves the locking element from the first position to the second position. According to the invention, the second component has a second contact surface for the locking element which leaves the locking element in the first position in which the locking element is in engagement with the second component.

This means that when the locking element is in contact with the second contact surface, it is preferably free of forces that could press the locking element against another element, in particular against a blocking element. This reduces the risk of damage to the locking element or the blocking element.

The first component can correspond to the rotor or the stator. The second component corresponds accordingly to the other of the components, i.e. either the stator or the rotor. Thus, either the locking element can be mounted in the rotor and engage in the stator in the first position, or the locking element is mounted in the stator and engages in the rotor in the first position. The locking element is preferably mounted on a linear guide.

In the first position, the locking element prevents the rotor from rotating in the stator. In this case, preventing rotation means preventing a relevant range of rotation, e.g. in order to be able to unlock a locking element. In the second position, the locking element enables the rotor to rotate in the stator.

Because the locking element remains in the first position when it is in contact with the second contact surface, further rotation of the rotor relative to the stator is prevented. Because the second contact surface leaves the locking element in the first position, if an attempt is made to rotate the rotor, the rotation of the rotor is prevented when the

Locking element is stopped at the second contact surface. The second contact surface does not exert any force on the locking element in the direction of the first position.

The locking device is preferably used to lock a spatial area. The spatial area is in particular fixed. For example, the spatial area can be a room in a building, for example an office, an apartment or a house, or a storage room, for example a cupboard, a mailbox, a chest, a box, a safe or a drawer. In particular, the locking device is used to be used in a particularly door-like locking element, for example a front door, an apartment door, a room door, a cupboard door, a mailbox flap or the front of a drawer, or to be attached to a locking element. The stator of the locking device is preferably connected at least indirectly to the locking element in a rotationally fixed manner.

The locking device can have a driver or can be connectable to a driver. A rotation of the rotor of the locking device serves to rotate the driver.

The driver is preferably designed as an eccentric. The driver can be designed as a locking nose. It can be that a rotation of the driver in a first direction serves to transfer the locking element from an unlocked state to a locked state. It can be that a rotation of the driver in a second direction serves to transfer the locking element from a locked to an unlocked state. For example, the locking device can be used at least indirectly in a mortise lock. In this case, a rotation of the driver can cause the bolt of the mortise lock to move. For example, the rotation of the driver in a first direction can cause the bolt to extend and thus bring about the locked state of the locking element. A rotation of the driver in a second direction can, for example, cause the bolt to retract and thus bring about the unlocked state of the locking element.

Alternatively, the driver itself can act as a latch. For example, rotating the driver in a first direction can cause the driver to assume a locking position. Rotating the driver in a second direction can cause the driver to assume an unlocking position.

In a preferred embodiment, the locking device is designed as a built-in device. The built-in device is designed to be inserted into a locking device housing of a locking device. Preferably, the built-in device is fixed in the locking device housing in a rotationally fixed manner by means of a fastening element. Thus, in the assembled state of the locking device, the stator of the locking device and the Locking device housing a common fixed unit. The locking device housing serves in particular to be inserted into or attached to the locking element. The locking device can be designed, for example, as a locking cylinder, in particular as a double cylinder or half cylinder, as a knob cylinder, as a furniture cylinder or as a padlock.

The locking device, in particular the rotor, can be connected or connectable to a knob or a key in order to transmit a mechanical torque to the rotor.

If the locking device is designed as a built-in device, it is preferably provided that the locking device comprises a connecting section in order to be connected to a driver.

Alternatively, the locking device itself can be designed as a locking cylinder, in particular as a double cylinder or half cylinder, as a knob cylinder, as a furniture cylinder or as a padlock. In this case, the stator also serves as a housing for insertion into or attachment to the locking element.

Alternatively, the locking device can be provided for a switching element. This means that the switching element can only be operated by authorized users. The driver can be used to operate a switch or button. The locking device can therefore be used in a switching element, in particular in a key switch, or can correspond to a key switch.

The electromechanical locking device comprises in particular an electromechanical actuator, in particular an electric motor. The actuator serves to enable the locking element to be moved into the second position.

The locking device can comprise an electronic control device, in particular a processor and/or a controller, to control the actuator. The control device can comprise an electronic memory.

The locking device can comprise a transmission device. The transmission device can be designed as a transmitting and receiving unit, as a biometric sensor, as a keypad for PIN entry and/or as a contact element for electrically contacting a key, in particular an electronic key. The transmitting and receiving unit can be designed to communicate with a mobile unit, in particular a mobile phone or a card, by wireless short-range communication, in particular RFID or Bluetooth Low Energy.

The transmission device can be used to send and/or receive electronic data that enable a user to be authorized to unlock the spatial area or to actuate the switching element. For example, the transmission device can receive an authorization code and/or an authorization time window, which is checked by the control device. If the check is completed with a positive result, the actuator can be controlled to enable the locking element to move into the second position.

Alternatively, the transmission device can receive an opening command, based on which the locking element is moved electromechanically into the second position or the movement into the second position is released electromechanically. The transmission device serves in particular additionally or alternatively to transmit electrical energy to the locking device. The electrical energy can be provided for operating the actuator and/or for the control device.

The locking device according to the invention preferably comprises a blocking element. The locking device can comprise an electromechanical actuator assembly with the blocking element and the actuator.

It is preferably provided that the blocking element allows the movement of the blocking element from the first position to the second position in a release position and prevents the movement of the blocking element from the first position to the second position in a blocking position. The actuator preferably serves to enable a movement of the blocking element from the blocking position to the release position. The actuator can thus move the blocking element to the release position and/or cause a movement of the blocking element to the release position, for example by tensioning a spring.

In particular, it can be provided that when the blocking element is in the release position, the rotation of the rotor enables, in particular causes, a movement of the blocking element into the second position. In this case, in particular the first contact surface pushes the blocking element into the second position.

The second contact surface is designed in particular in such a way that the locking element is spaced apart from the blocking element by the contact with the second contact surface. This can prevent damage to the locking device.

The blocking element and the locking element can be spaced apart from one another in the first position of the locking element, in particular when the locking element is unloaded and/or when the locking element rests against the second contact surface.

Preferably, the actuator assembly comprises the electromechanical actuator.

It can be provided that the blocking element is arranged on the output shaft of the actuator designed as an electric motor. Preferably, the actuator enables rotation of the Blocking element from the blocking position to the release position. For example, the actuator rotates the blocking element from the blocking position to the release position. This allows for a very space-saving design.

In particular, because the second contact surface separates the locking element from the blocking element, it is possible to mount the blocking element on one side. The output shaft can therefore only be mounted on one side in the actuator. Forces that act from the locking element on the blocking element can be diverted on one side, in particular via the output shaft.

In particular, in order to space the blocking element and the locking element apart when they rest on the second contact surface, the locking element can comprise a projecting head surface. The second contact surface can be designed to correspond thereto. The head surface and the second contact surface are designed such that when the locking element rests on the second contact surface, the second contact surface is located between the head surface and the blocking element.

Alternatively or additionally, the movement of the locking element between the first and the second position defines a direction of movement, wherein the head surface and the second contact surface are formed inclined to the direction of movement of the locking element. As a result, forces acting on the locking element can be directed into the stator.

The blocking element preferably comprises a recess in which the locking element is arranged in the second position. In the first position, however, the locking element is located outside the recess. In the release position, the blocking element is arranged such that the recess is opposite the locking element, so that the locking element can move into the recess.

The blocking element can, for example, be disc-shaped.

According to the invention, the second component comprises a component element which has the first contact surface and is movably mounted in the rest of the second component. In particular, this can ensure that the locking element comes to rest against the second contact surface through a movement of the component element. The component element preferably has no fixed connection or mounting to the first component.

It can be provided that the component element and the locking element move relative to one another when the rotor rotates. In the release position of the blocking element, the locking element moves from the first position to the second position. In the blocking position of the blocking element, the component element moves so that the locking element comes to rest on the second contact surface.

According to the invention, the component element is movable between a first position and a second position. In the first position, the first contact surface rests on the locking element in such a way that when the rotor rotates, the locking element is moved from the first position to the second position. In the second position of the component element, the locking element comes into contact with the second contact surface in such a way that the locking element remains in the first position. This means that the component element must first be moved to the desired second position during the aforementioned rotation so that the second contact surface can become effective. This enables the movement of the locking element to be initiated in a targeted manner from the first to the second position or to remain in the first position in a targeted manner.

At least one locking element recess is defined between the at least one first component element and the at least one second component element, in which the locking element is arranged in the first position. The rotation of the rotor is prevented in particular by engagement of the locking element in the locking element recess in the first position of the locking element. In the second position, the locking element is located outside the locking element recess.

In the first position of the component element, the first contact surface is closer to the locking element than the second contact surface. In the first position of the component element, the first contact surface delimits the locking element recess. In the second position of the component element, the second contact surface protrudes further into the locking element recess than the first contact surface.

If several locking element recesses are provided, e.g. so that the locking element can return to the first position from a rest position after rotation of the rotor over a rotation angle range of the rotor of less than 360°, the locking element recesses are preferably each surrounded by first contact surfaces and second contact surfaces, as described for a locking element recess.

The movement of the component element between the first position and the second position preferably comprises a perpendicular component to the movement of the locking element between the first position and the second position. In particular, the movement of the component element between the first and the second position occurs perpendicular to the movement of the locking element from the first position to the second position.

According to the invention, the second component comprises at least one spring element which urges the component element into the first position, wherein the spring element is mounted in the second component. As a result, the component element is automatically returned to the first position, which enables simpler movement control.

Preferably, the locking element is preloaded into the first position by a spring.

Preferably, the force acting on the locking element through the spring is smaller than the force acting on the component element through the spring element. The spring constant of the spring may be smaller than the spring constant of the spring element. This makes it possible for the spring element to keep the component element in the first position when the locking element can move into the second position.

Preferably, the locking element is arranged between at least one first component element and at least one second component element. Thus, when the rotor rotates both clockwise and anti-clockwise, the locking element is moved by the first contact surface into the second position, provided that the blocking element allows the movement into the second position.

It can be provided that the at least one first component element and/or the at least one second component element rest against the locking element in the first position.

Preferably, the locking element is arranged between second contact surfaces. Thus, when the rotor rotates clockwise or counterclockwise, the locking element is moved against a second contact surface if a movement of the locking element into the second position is prevented in particular by the blocking element.

Preferably, the first component is designed as the rotor and the second component as the stator. The locking element is thus movably mounted in the rotor and engages in the locking element recess of the stator in the first position.

The locking element is preferably located in the rotor. The stator includes the component element. In this case, the component element is designed as a stator element. In this case, the locking element rotates with the rotor. The component element, however, does not rotate with the rotor. The component element remains in the stator when the rotor rotates. By mounting the component element in the stator, the component element is preferably movable in a predetermined area in the stator. The area itself, however, is preferably stationary.

In particular, if the second component is designed as a stator, the stator preferably comprises a stator body and/or at least one stator insert element. This can simplify assembly.

The stator body may comprise a stator recess accessible from the outer circumference into which the stator insert element can be inserted.

Preferably, the stator insert element comprises the second contact surface.

It can be provided that the stator insert element comprises a guide surface for the stator element, preferably for the first and the second stator element.

In particular, the stator can comprise a casing. The remaining stator, in particular the stator body, the stator insert element and/or the stator element is/are inserted into the casing.

It can be provided that the rotor comprises at least a first axial section, in particular a first rotor element, and a second axial section, in particular a second rotor element. The second section preferably comprises a smaller diameter than the first section.

It can be provided that the locking element is arranged in the second axial section. This provides sufficient installation space in the stator to provide the first and second contact surfaces. Preferably, this provides sufficient installation space in the stator to provide the stator element or elements.

In all of the above-mentioned designs, the first contact surface and the second contact surface can be arranged axially one behind the other in relation to the rotor axis. In particular, the first contact surface axially encloses the second contact surface. Thus, in each direction of rotation, a second contact surface is provided which is enclosed by several first contact surfaces. This enables the locking element to be moved evenly.

The locking element preferably comprises a first contact section for contact with the first contact surface and a second contact section for contact with the second contact surface. The first contact section and the second contact section are preferably rigidly connected to one another. The first contact section and the second contact section are preferably arranged one behind the other in the axial direction. This enables a simple construction of the locking element.

The first contact section can be designed to correspond to the first contact surface, so that the first contact section and the first contact surface can lie flat against one another.

The second contact section can be designed to correspond to the second contact surface, so that the second contact section and the second contact surface can lie flat against one another.

It can be provided that the locking element extends in such a way that the locking element can only come into contact with the second contact surface by the rotation of the rotor. For example, it is not necessary to displace the locking element axially to the rotor axis in order for the locking element to come into contact with the second contact surface.

It can be provided that the locking element extends in the axial direction relative to the rotor axis preferably in such a way that the locking element can come into contact with both the first contact surface and the second contact surface.

The locking element recess comprises a first side against which the locking element comes into contact when the rotor rotates clockwise, and a second side against which the locking element comes into contact when a counterclockwise rotation of the rotor, whereby the first and second contact surfaces are provided on the first side and on the second side.

The locking element preferably comprises a third contact section for contacting the blocking element, in particular for engaging in the blocking element. The third contact section is preferably rigidly connected to the first contact section and/or the second contact section.

In particular, the locking device can comprise a locking element for locking in at least one position of the rotor relative to the stator. The locking element holds the rotor in a position in which the locking element is not forced by the first contact surface towards the blocking element. As a result, the locking element is securely held in this position and cannot leave this position unintentionally.

In all of the variants mentioned, the locking element can be designed as a single piece.

Furthermore, according to the invention, a locking device is provided which is equipped with the locking device according to the invention. In this case, the locking device is designed as a built-in device.

Preferred embodiment of the invention

Fig. 1

eine erfindungsgemäße Schließvorrichtung und einen Schlüssel,

Fig. 2

die Schließvorrichtung aus Fig. 1, die teilweise auseinander gebaut ist, mit einer perspektivischen Sicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Sperrvorrichtung, die als Einbauvorrichtung ausgebildet ist,

Fig. 3

die erfindungsgemäße Sperrvorrichtung aus Fig. 2 ohne Hülle,

Fig. 4

die Sperrvorrichtung aus Figur 3 ohne Hülle und Statorkörper in einer Explosionsdarstellung,

Fig. 5, 6, 7

ausgewählte Elemente der Einbauvorrichtung aus Fig. 4,

Fig. 8

eine Prinzipiendarstellung der Neigungswinkel einer ersten und zweiten Anlagenfläche der erfindungsgemäßen Sperrvorrichtung und

Fig. 9

eine erfindungsgemäße Sperrvorrichtung gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel im teilweise demontierten Zustand.

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments. Technical features with the same function are provided with identical reference numerals in the figures. They show:

Fig.1

a locking device according to the invention and a key,

Fig.2

the locking device Fig.1 , which is partially disassembled, with a perspective view of a locking device according to the invention, which is designed as a built-in device,

Fig.3

the locking device according to the invention Fig.2 without cover,

Fig.4

the locking device Figure 3 without cover and stator body in an exploded view,

Figs. 5, 6, 7

selected elements of the installation device Fig.4 ,

Fig.8

a schematic representation of the angle of inclination of a first and second contact surface of the locking device according to the invention and

Fig.9

a locking device according to the invention according to a second embodiment in a partially dismantled state.

Fig.1 shows a locking device 100 in the form of a locking cylinder, as is known to be used in mortise locks, in order to unlock a building door as a locking element or to lock it by means of a bolt. For this purpose, the locking device 100 has a housing 101 with a recess in which a driver 103, which is designed as a locking nose, is rotatably arranged. The driver 103 serves to move a bolt in the locking or unlocking direction.

In the right half of the housing 101 here, a locking device 1 designed as a built-in device is inserted according to an embodiment of the invention. The built-in device 1 comprises a stator 10 in which a rotor 30 of the built-in device 1 is inserted so as to be rotatable about a rotor axis 35, which coincides, for example, with the axis of rotation of the driver 103. The rotor 30 comprises a key channel 36 on its front side 37 facing away from the driver 103 for inserting a shaft of a key 200. The key 200 carries an electronic locking secret in the form of electronic data. The locking secret can be used to determine whether a user is authorized to unlock the door. The key 200 is preferably designed without mechanical coding. Thus, it can only be determined from the electronic locking secret whether the user has authorization or not. The keys and the locking devices can be designed to be mechanically identical to one another.

Fig.2 shows the locking device 100, which is partially disassembled. The housing 101 has, for example in both halves of the recess for the driver 103, openings 104 in the lower area, of which the right-hand opening is provided with a reference number. The openings 104 here extend perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the driver 103. The driver 103 has, for example, an inner contour that is not circular in cross section, for example in the form of an internal toothing, into which an insert 105 preferably engages in a form-fitting manner. For this purpose, the insert 105 has an outer contour that is preferably complementary to the inner contour of the driver 103, here in the form of an external toothing, so that both parts 103, 105 are arranged in a rotationally fixed manner relative to one another.

A connecting section 38 of the installation device 1 projects into the insert 105. In the connecting section 38, a coupling part 41 is arranged so as to be displaceable in a guide 42. The coupling part 41 is made up of several parts. Depending on the position of the coupling part 41, the coupling part 41 can establish or release an operative connection between the rotor 30 and the driver 103, in particular via the insert 105. For this purpose, the coupling part 41 of the locking device 100 can engage in a form-fitting manner in an inner contour (not shown) of the insert 105. The guide 42 preferably forms a linear guide for the coupling part 41, so that the coupling part 41 is arranged so as to be guided and movable along the rotor axis 35 of the rotor 30.

The installation device 1 has a casing 14 with which the installation device 1 is inserted into an associated insertion opening 106 of the housing 101. A fastening element 102 in the form of a screw is screwed through the recess 104 on the right here from the underside of the housing 101 and into an opening 21 on the left here of the casing 14 of the stator 10 and of a stator body 11 of the stator 10, which will be explained in more detail later. The screw 102 thus fixes the stator 10 in the housing 101. Furthermore, the key channel 36 for inserting the key 200, which is formed in a first rotor element 32 of the rotor 30, is designated here.

Fig.3 shows the installation device 1 without a casing 14. The stator body 11 is also designed as a type of sleeve, but has functional structures inside. The stator body 11 has a stator recess 19 into which a stator insert element 13 is inserted. Component elements 12, explained in more detail later, are attached or arranged on a side of the stator insert element 13 facing the interior of the stator body 11. The component elements 12 are movably mounted on the stator insert element 13 and the stator body 11. The component elements 12 remain in the rest of the stator 10 when the rotor 30 rotates. The component elements 12 are thus designed as stator elements 12.

The rotor 30 comprises the first rotor element 32 and a second rotor element 33.

The rotor 30 is freely rotatable in the stator body 11 of the stator 10, but is mounted in a fixed position in the direction of its rotor axis 35, which runs parallel to the direction of insertion of the key 200 into the key channel 36. The coupling part 41 is arranged in a rotationally fixed manner on the second rotor element 33 of the rotor 30 of the installation device 1. Both rotor elements 32, 33 can be reversibly detached, for example by means of a screw 24, are attached to one another and are arranged in the stator body 11 so as to be freely rotatable.

The second rotor element 33 has the guide 42, into which the coupling part 41 engages and is thus arranged in a rotationally fixed manner to the second rotor element 33. The second rotor element 33 is inserted into the stator body 11 from a base side 23 of the stator 10, and during assembly preferably without the first rotor element 32.

Fig.4 shows the installation device 1 without cover 14, stator body 11 and coupling part 41 in a partially dismantled state.

An extension element 40 is provided to interact mechanically with the key 200. If the key 200 is inserted into the key channel 36, it moves the extension element 40 axially or parallel to the rotor axis 35 upon contact. The extension element 40 can thereby extend the effective range of the key 200. The key and thus the key channel 36 can have a small depth. For example, the key channel 36 can be limited to the first rotor element 36.

The extension part 40 moves the coupling part 41 away from the rotor 30 in the direction of the driver 103 so that the coupling part 41 can come into rotational engagement with the driver 103. A passage 39 is provided in the connecting section 38 so that the extension element 40 comes to rest against the coupling part 41. Either the extension element 40 or the coupling part 41 can protrude through the passage 39.

A transmission element 44, here in the form of a coil, for example, is provided to establish a data and/or energy transmission connection with the key 200. This makes it possible to read electronic data, for example authentication information or an opening command, from the key 200 or to receive it from the key 200. An electronic control device 53 is coupled to the coil in order to read the data and, if necessary, evaluate it. If the check of the control device 53 shows that the user of the key 200 is authorized to open the associated door and/or if the control device 53 has an opening command, an electromechanical actuator assembly 50 is activated. The actuator group 50 comprises an electromechanical actuator 52, here in the form of an electric motor, on whose output shaft a blocking element 51 is arranged in a rotationally fixed manner. The blocking element 51 comprises a recess 54, which will be explained in more detail later.

A locking element 31 is mounted in the second rotor element 33, preferably perpendicular to the rotor axis 35, so that it can move towards and away from the blocking element 51. In the first position shown here, the locking element 31 is located in a locking element recess 15 (see Fig.5 ), which is formed by the stator insert element 13 and the stator elements 12. This prevents the second rotor element 33 and thus the coupling part 41 from being rotated. The rotation of the inserted key 200 to unlock the associated lock is blocked or prevented. In a second position of the locking element 31 (not shown), the locking element 31 is out of engagement with the locking element recess 15 of the stator 10. This makes it possible to rotate the rotor 30 in the stator 10 and thus the driver 103.

The locking element 31 is actuated by at least one spring 34 (see Fig.5 ), preferably several springs 34, into the first position. In the embodiment of the Figure 5 several springs 34 are provided.

Figures 5 to 7 show selected elements of the installation device 1 from Fig.4 . Fig.5 the arrangement of the locking element 31 in relation to the blocking element 51 and the stator insert element 13 together with stator elements 12.

The blocking element 51 is between a release position in which the recess 54 is opposite the locking element 31, so that the locking element 31 can move into the recess 54 can be rotated, and blocking positions in which the recess 54 is not opposite the locking element 31, so that the locking element 31 is prevented from entering the recess 54. In the Figures 4 and 5 Blocking positions of the blocking element 51 are shown.

The locking element 31 is designed with a contact section 63 facing the blocking element 51 in order to be able to move into the recess 54 when the blocking element 51 is in the release position and the recess 54 is opposite the contact section 63 of the locking element 31, in Figure 5 i.e. points upwards. This makes it possible for the locking element 31 to move into the second position.

A first contact surface 16 of the stator elements 12 facing the locking element 31 is designed such that the locking element 31 is pushed towards the blocking element 51, i.e. into the second position, when the rotor 30 continues to rotate, in which position the rotor 30 can rotate freely relative to the stator 10. The first contact surface 16 is designed as an inclined surface that pushes the locking element 31 into the second position. The first contact surface can be straight, convex or concave.

The stator elements 12 are movably mounted on the stator insert element 13 and the stator body 11 between a first position and a second position. The stator elements 12 are urged into the first position by means of spring elements 18. The spring elements 18 are mounted in the stator 10. The movement of the stator elements 12 from the first position to the second position according to the direction of movement 71 is perpendicular to the direction of movement 70 of the locking element 31 at the start of the movement.

During a process for unlocking the rotor 30 relative to the stator 10, the locking element 31 is initially located in the locking element recess 15. The locking element 31 is guided in the rotor 30. In addition, the locking element 31 rests against the first contact surfaces 16 of the stator elements 12. This centers the locking element 31. This position of the locking element 31 is referred to as the rest position. In the rest position, the locking element 31 is preferably arranged at a distance from the blocking element 51.

A user now wants to unlock the door and inserts the key 200 into the key channel 36. This starts an electronic communication between the key 200 and the control device 53, which electronically determines whether the user is authorized.

If the user is authorized to unlock the door, the control device 53 controls the actuator 52. The actuator 52, which is designed as an electric motor, rotates the blocking element 51 into the release position in which the recess 54 is opposite the locking element 31. If the rotor 30 is now started to rotate using the key 200, the locking element 31 slides along one of the first contact surfaces 16 into the second position in which the locking element 31 is in the recess 54 engages. The springs 34 are tensioned. The locking element 31 moves in the direction of movement 70.

For this purpose, the first contact surfaces 16 form an acute angle α with the direction of movement 70 of the locking element 31 (see Figure 8 ).

The stator elements 12 remain in the first position. This is made possible by the fact that the spring elements 18 exert a higher force on the stator element 12, along which the locking element 31 slides, than the springs 34 exert on the locking element 31.

The rotor 30 can now rotate freely. The locking element 31 slides along that of the first contact surfaces 16 into which the locking element 31 is rotated. The locking element 31 is surrounded by the first contact surfaces 16 in both directions of rotation, so that rotation in both directions when it contacts at least one of the first contact surfaces 16 allows the locking element 31 to move into the second position. So that first contact surfaces 16 are present in both directions of rotation, the locking element recess 15 is surrounded on both sides by at least one first stator element 12, 12a and one second stator element 12, 12b (see. Figure 7 ).

According to the invention, the stator 10 has a second contact surface 17, which leaves the locking element 31 in the first position. The second contact surface 17 is used functionally when the user is not authorized to unlock the door. The second contact surfaces are formed in the stator insert element 13. If the locking element 31 is in the rest position, the second contact surfaces 17 are further away from the locking element 31 than the first contact surfaces 16.

Preferably, the second contact surfaces 17 are also inclined, but opposite to the first contact surfaces 16 with respect to the direction of movement 70 of the locking element 31. The second contact surfaces 17 thus form an obtuse angle β with the direction of movement 70 of the locking element 31 (see Figure 8 ).

At its end facing the stator insert element 13, the locking element 31 has, as seen along the rotation axis of the blocking element 51 and/or the rotor axis 35, a cross section which has the shape of a preferably symmetrical trapezoid tapering in the direction of the blocking element 51. The legs of this trapezoid form head surfaces 60 on the outside in relation to the locking element 31. The head surface 60 and the corresponding contact surface 17 are designed to be inclined to the direction of movement of the locking element 31.

If the user is not authorized to unlock the door, the following sequence occurs. The locking element 31 is initially in the rest position. A key 200 without locking authorization is inserted into the key channel 36. The electronic data exchange shows that there is no authorization to unlock the door. Therefore, the actuator 52 is not activated and the blocking element 51 remains in a blocking position in which the recess 54 is not opposite the locking element 31, as in Figure 4 and 5 Rather, an outer circumference of the blocking element 51 is opposite the locking element 31.

If the rotor 30 is rotated, the locking element 31 attempts to slide along the first contact surface 16. However, this does not succeed because the locking element 31 rests on an outer circumference of the blocking element 31. Thus, the locking element 31 cannot be pushed into the second position against the force of the springs 34.

Instead, the stator element 12, which is located in the direction of rotation of the locking element 31, is pushed back by the locking element 31 against the force of the spring 18 until the locking element 31 rests against the second contact surface 17. The stator element 12 is now in the second position.

In this case, the head surface 60 of the locking element 31 comes into contact with the corresponding second contact surface 17 opposite one of the legs of the trapezoid.

In this state, the stator element 12 or the stator elements 12 have been moved back in the direction of rotation against the force of a spring element 18. The spring element 18 presses the stator element 12 against the locking element 31 as the rotor 30 continues to rotate.

The contact surface 17 is designed such that the contact surface 17 holds the locking element 31 in the first position. The rotor 30 thus remains blocked by the locking element 31, so that the door cannot be unlocked.

Every second contact surface 17 corresponds to a respective head surface 60 of the locking element 31 facing it. The surface 60 and the respective corresponding contact surface 17 are designed such that the contact surface 17 is located between the surface 60 and the blocking element 51 when the locking element 31 rests against the contact surface 17.

If an attempt is made to rotate the rotor 30 further, the locking element 31 slides away from the blocking element 51 in the opposite direction of movement 70. This is achieved by the slope of the second contact surface 17. The locking element 31 can slide along the second contact surface 17 with the head surface 60. The locking element 31 and the blocking element 51 can thus be spaced apart from one another when they rest on the second contact surface 17. Additionally or alternatively, the forces that act on the locking element 31 when the rotor 30 is attempted to rotate further are diverted to the second contact surface 17. This is helped by the fact that the head surfaces 60 correspond to the second contact surfaces and thus the locking element 31 rests flat against the second contact surface.

This reduces the risk of damage to the blocking element 51.

In particular, this makes it possible to support the blocking element 51 on one side.

In Fig.5 the locking element recess is provided with the reference number 15. Fig.6 shows the arrangement of Fig.5 seen from one end of the locking element 31, only without blocking element 51. Here, the stator elements 12 are in the second position. In Figure 7 are the same elements as in Figure 6 shown in a different perspective. In addition, Figure 7 the spring elements 18 are shown and on the left side a spring holder 65 of the stator 10 for receiving the spring elements 18, while the spring holder 65 on the right side is not shown.

The locking element 31 is surrounded by the second contact surfaces 17 in both directions of rotation, so that rotation in both directions when it rests on one of the second contact surfaces 17 leaves the locking element 31 in the first position.

In the first position of the stator elements 12, the first contact surfaces 16 are closer to the locking element 31 than the second contact surfaces 17. In the second position of the stator elements, the second contact surfaces 17 protrude further into the locking element recess 15 than the first contact surfaces 16.

The first and second contact surfaces 16, 17 are arranged axially one behind the other in the direction of the rotor axis 35. In the embodiment of the figures, for example, four first contact surfaces 16 are provided, with two first contact surfaces 16 being provided in each direction of rotation of the rotor 30. For this purpose, two first stator elements 12a are provided on one side of the locking element recess 15 and two second stator elements 12b are provided on the other side of the locking element recess 15.

In Figure 7 It is shown that two first contact surfaces 16 enclose a second contact surface 17 in the axial direction. This ensures that the locking element 31 is pushed particularly evenly into the second position by the first contact surfaces 16.

The locking element 31 extends in the axial direction relative to the rotor axis 35 such that the locking element 31 can come into contact with both the first contact surface 16 and the second contact surface 17.

The locking element 31 is formed in one piece. As a result, first contact sections 64 of the locking element 31, which serve to engage the first contact surfaces 16, are rigidly connected to the head surfaces 60, which serve to engage the second contact surfaces 17. The head surfaces 60 serve as second contact sections. The first and second contact sections 60, 64 are rigidly connected to the third contact section 63 of the locking element, which serves to engage in the recess 54. In a modification of the embodiment not shown, the first contact section 64 is adapted to the first contact surface 16, i.e. the locking element 31 in the first contact section 64 can be used, for example, as a It can be designed as a trapezoid widening towards the blocking element 51. This allows the blocking element 31 to slide flat along the first contact surface 16.

The four stator elements 12, for example, are limited on the outside during movement between the first and the second position on one side by a guide surface 62 of the stator insert element 13. The stator elements 12 are limited on the inside by a guide surface (not shown) of the stator body 11.

The fact that the stator comprises a stator body 11 and a stator insert body 13 facilitates the assembly of the installation element 1. The casing 14 serves to fasten the stator insert body 13 in the stator body 11.

The first rotor element 32 has a larger diameter than the second rotor element 33. The stator elements 12 and the stator insert body 13 are arranged in the section of the stator 10 that surrounds the second rotor element 33. Due to the small diameter of the second rotor element 33, it is possible to provide the first and second system sections 16, 17 in the stator 10.

A circumferentially formed projection 43 of the second rotor element 33, here as a collar, serves as a stop of the second rotor element 33 on the stator 10. The projection 43 is preferably formed in one piece with the second rotor element 33. As a result, the second rotor element 33 is fixed axially towards the front side 37.

During assembly, the first rotor element 32 can be inserted into the stator 10 from the front side 37. The first rotor element 32 is axially fixed to the driver 103 by an end surface 66 facing the second rotor element 33. The end surface 66 rests against an internal structure of the stator 10, in particular the stator body 11. The second rotor element 33 can be inserted from the base side 23 until the projection 43 rests against the base side 23. By connecting the two rotor elements 32, 33, the resulting rotor 30 is axially fixed to the front and rear.

A locking element 61 is provided which holds the rotor 30 in position with respect to the stator 10 (see Fig.4 ). In this case, rotation of the rotor 30 is inhibited by the locking element 61 in the stator in such a way that the locking element 31 can assume the rest position. The locking element 61 is formed by means of a spring-loaded locking lug, for example. This means that the rotor 30 can overcome the locking lug 61 when rotating, so that the function of the rotor 30 is maintained.

An annular projection 22 is formed by means of in particular half-shell-like parts, the inner surfaces 26 of which face each other and interact with the key 200 in the manner of a bayonet lock. The parts are inserted into a circumferential groove 45 of the first rotor element 32. Outwardly projecting projections 25 of the annular The projection 22 fixes the parts of the projection 22 in the stator body 11 in their relative position to one another and to the stator body 11. The annular projection 22 acts with the inserted key 200 preferably in a bayonet-like manner as a key withdrawal lock.

In the example shown, the extension element 40 is angled. A first part of the extension element 40, which is intended for interaction with the key 200, runs radially further outward than a second part of the extension element 40, which is intended for interaction with the coupling part 41. This allows the second part to be arranged more centrally in order to be able to push the coupling part 41 better.

The extension element 40 is designed to push the coupling part 41, but without being in positive engagement with the coupling part 41. This allows the extension element 40 to be designed in a filigree manner.

The extension element 40 serves to return the blocking element 51 mechanically and/or magnetically from the release position to the blocking position. The extension element 40 can be moved back to an initial position when the key is removed. When the extension element is moved to the initial position, a movement of the blocking element 51 into the blocking position can be caused or permitted. For example, a spring (not shown) can be tensioned during the movement of the blocking element 51 into the release position. When the key is inserted, the extension element 40 holds the blocking element 51 in the release position and allows the blocking element 51 to move back into the blocking position when the extension element 40 with the key 200 moves towards the front side 37 when the key is removed.

Fig.9 shows a further embodiment of the locking device according to the invention. Figure 9 a view that the Figure 4 ie the casing 14 and the stator body 11 are not shown. In the following, only the differences to the first embodiment of the Figures 1 to 8 discussed.

Instead of the screw 24, the first rotor element 32 comprises fastening means 67 and the second rotor element 33 comprises corresponding fastening means 68, which engage in a form-fitting manner so that the first rotor element 32 and the second rotor element 33 are fastened to one another in a rotationally fixed manner in the direction of rotation. The first and second fastening means 67, 68 are designed as projections and corresponding recesses.

Instead of the coil as a transmission device 44, contact elements are provided as a transmission device 44, which transmit data and/or electrical energy to the locking device 1 via an electrical contact with the key 200. The contact elements 44 are spring-mounted on a housing 46.

The housing 46 also serves to axially fasten the rotor elements 32, 33 to one another. For this purpose, the housing 46 comprises a first locking element 47, which locks into the first rotor element 32. For this purpose, the first rotor element 32 comprises an edge 78. The housing 46 comprises a second locking element 48, which locks into the second rotor element 33. For this purpose, the second rotor element 33 comprises a groove (not shown).

The first rotor element 32 is axially fixed by a snap ring 72 in both directions along the axis of rotation. The snap ring 72 is arranged in a groove 73 of the first rotor element 33.

The locking element 61, here designed as a ball, is arranged in the stator 10 and engages in a recess 69 of the first rotor element 32.

The installation device 1 can also be used in other locking devices, for example in a half cylinder, a knob cylinder, a furniture cylinder or a padlock.

It is conceivable that the coupling part 41 is missing. Instead, locking devices according to the invention can be provided in which the driver 103 is rigidly attached to the rotor 30. The driver 103 can also itself serve as a latch, e.g. in a furniture lock. The driver 103 and the insert 105 can be formed integrally with one another.

The stator insert element 13 and the stator body 11 can be formed in one piece. It is also conceivable that the casing 14 is missing and the stator body is fastened directly in the locking device housing 101.

In a further alternative of the invention, the locking device 1 is not designed as a built-in device 1. Rather, the stator 10 is designed as a locking device housing 101. The rotor 30 can thus be designed to be inserted directly into a locking cylinder housing 101. The locking device housing 101 then takes over the function of the stator 10.

The locking element 31 can also be mounted in the stator 10 so that it is pressed against the rotor 30. The first and second contact surfaces 16, 17 are formed in the rotor in this case.

In the embodiment of the figures, the contact surfaces 16, 17 are designed such that the first contact surfaces 16 or the second contact surfaces 17 enclose the second contact surfaces 17 or the first contact surfaces 16. However, they can also be arranged differently relative to one another.

The transmission device 44 can be designed in the first embodiment as a contact element for electrically contacting the key or in the second embodiment by contactless coils.

In the first embodiment, the fastening can be carried out by locking means as in the second embodiment.

It is possible that the actuator moves the blocking element back into the blocking position. This can be provided in particular for knob cylinders.

The blocking element 51 can alternatively be designed in the shape of a plunger. In this case, a preferably bistable magnet is suitable as the actuator. The plunger can be spring-loaded in one direction, preferably in the direction away from the magnet.

The rotor 30 does not have to have multiple rotor elements 32, 33. Nevertheless, the rotor 30 can have sections with different diameters.

Claims (13)

1. An electromechanical locking device (1) for a closing element or for a switching element

   having a stator (10) and a rotor (30) as components,

   wherein the rotor (30) is mounted in the stator (10),

   and having a locking element (31),

   wherein the locking element (31) is mounted in a first component of the components (10, 30),

   wherein the locking element (31) can be moved between a first position and a second position,

   wherein in the first position the locking element (31) engages in a second component (10, 30) of the components (10, 30),

   wherein in the second position the locking element (31) is out of engagement with the second component (10, 30),

   wherein the second component (10, 30) has a first contact surface (16) for the locking element (31),

   wherein the first contact surface (16) moves the locking element (31) from the first position to the second position when the rotor (30) rotates;

   the second component (10, 30) has a second contact surface (17) for the locking element (31),

   wherein the second contact surface (17) leaves the locking element (31) in the first position,

   wherein the second component (10, 30) comprises a component element (12), wherein the component element (12) has the first contact surface (16) and the component element (12) is movably mounted in the remaining second component (10, 30), wherein the component element (12) can be moved between a first position and a second position, wherein in the first position the first contact surface (16) rests on the locking element (31) in such a way that when the rotor (30) rotates, the locking element (31) is moved from the first position to the second position, wherein in the second position the locking element (31) comes into contact with the second contact surface (17) in such a way that the locking element (31) remains in the first position,

   characterised in that

   the second component (10) comprises at least one spring element (18),

   wherein the spring element (18) pushes the component element (12) into the first position, wherein the spring element (18) is mounted in the second component (10).
2. The locking device (1) according to claim 1,
   wherein the component element (12) and the locking element (31) move relative to one another when the rotor (30) rotates.
3. The locking device (1) according to claim 1 or 2,
   wherein the movement of the component element (12) between the first position and the second position comprises a perpendicular component to the movement of the locking element (31) between the first position and the second position, in particular such that the movement of the component element (12) is perpendicular to the movement of the locking element (31).
4. The locking device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the locking element (31) is biased into the first position by a spring (34), wherein the force acting on the locking element (31) through the spring (34) is smaller than the force acting through the spring element (18) on the component element (12).
5. The locking device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first component (30) is designed as the rotor (30) and the second component (10) is designed as the stator (10), wherein the component element (12) is designed as a stator element, wherein the component element (12) does not rotate when the rotor (30) rotates.
6. The locking device (1) according to claim 5,
   wherein the stator (10) comprises a stator body (11) and/or a stator insert element (13), wherein the stator insert element (13) comprises a guide surface (62) for the stator element (12).
7. The locking device (1) according to any one of claims 5 or 6,
   wherein the stator (10) comprises a stator body (11) and a stator insert element (13), wherein the stator insert element (13) comprises the second contact surface (17), wherein the stator body (11) comprises a stator recess (19) accessible from the outer circumference, in which the stator insert element (13) can be inserted.
8. The locking device (1) according to any one of claims 5 to 7,
   wherein the rotor (30) comprises at least a first axial section, in particular a first rotor element (32), and a second axial section, in particular a second rotor element (33), wherein the second section comprises a smaller diameter than the first section, wherein the locking element (31) is arranged in the second section.
9. The locking device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first contact surface (16) and the second contact surface (17) are arranged axially one behind the other relative to the rotor axis (35), wherein in particular the first contact surface (16) axially encloses the second contact surface (17).
10. The locking device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the locking element (31) is formed in one piece and/or wherein the locking element (31) comprises a first contact section (64) for contacting the first contact surface (16) and a second contact section (60) for contacting the second contact surface (17), wherein the first contact section (64) and the second contact section (60) are rigidly connected to one another.
11. The locking device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the locking device (1) comprises a blocking element (51), wherein in a release position the blocking element (51) allows the movement of the locking element (31) from the first position to the second position and in a blocking position prevents the movement of the locking element (31) from the first position to the second position, wherein the second contact surface (17) is designed such that the blocking element (31) is spaced apart from the blocking element (51) by contact with the second contact surface (17), in particular wherein forces acting on the blocking element (51) from the blocking element (31) are dissipated on one side.
12. The locking device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the blocking element (31) comprises a third contact section (63) for contact with the blocking element (51), wherein the third contact section (63) is rigidly connected to the first contact section (64) and/or the second contact section (60).
13. A closing device (100) having a locking device designed as an installation device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.

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