EP4189218A1 - Turbine axiale orc a admission variable pilotee - Google Patents
Turbine axiale orc a admission variable piloteeInfo
- Publication number
- EP4189218A1 EP4189218A1 EP21740584.4A EP21740584A EP4189218A1 EP 4189218 A1 EP4189218 A1 EP 4189218A1 EP 21740584 A EP21740584 A EP 21740584A EP 4189218 A1 EP4189218 A1 EP 4189218A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- turbine
- module according
- volute
- angular
- turbine module
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
- F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
- F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
- F01D17/146—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by throttling the volute inlet of radial machines or engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
- F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
- F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
- F01D17/148—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of rotatable members, e.g. butterfly valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
- F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
- F01D17/18—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective number of nozzles or guide conduits, e.g. sequentially operable valves for steam turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of organic Rankine cycle or ORC thermal energy harvesters.
- thermal engine cooling circuits use equipment such as radiators to release the heat acquired by the heat transfer fluid, passing through the engine.
- Such systems are generally formed of a closed circuit, in which circulates a cooling fluid, in particular a mixture of water and ethylene glycol.
- a closed circuit can include a pump, heat exchangers with the internal combustion engine and/or its equipment, a thermostat, a radiator, and a heater.
- the heat dissipated in the radiators is however lost, and this is why more complete devices, including a heat recovery circuit added to the cooling circuit, have also been developed.
- the applicant was particularly interested in organic Rankine cycle or ORC thermal energy recovery circuits embedded in transport systems preferably with electric hybridization such as cars, trucks, trains, stationary engines, etc. More specifically, the invention relates to an ORC turbine with a variable inlet device.
- the Rankine cycle is a thermodynamic cycle by which heat from an external heat source is transmitted to a closed circuit which contains a fluid, called working fluid or heat transfer fluid.
- This type of cycle generally breaks down into a step during which the working fluid used in liquid form is compressed isentropically, followed by a step where this liquid fluid tablet is heated and vaporized in contact with a heat source.
- This vapor is then expanded, during another stage, in an isentropic manner in an expansion machine, then, in a final stage, this expanded vapor is cooled and condensed in contact with a cold source.
- the circuit generally comprises a compressor pump to circulate and compress the fluid in liquid form, an evaporator which is swept by a hot fluid to achieve at least partial vaporization of the compressed fluid, an expansion machine to expand superheated steam, such as a turbine, which transforms the energy of this steam into another energy, such as mechanical or electrical energy, and a condenser through which the heat contained in the steam is transferred to a cold source, generally the outside air which sweeps this condenser or a liquid loop at low temperature, to transform this vapor into a fluid in liquid form.
- a compressor pump to circulate and compress the fluid in liquid form
- an evaporator which is swept by a hot fluid to achieve at least partial vaporization of the compressed fluid
- an expansion machine to expand superheated steam, such as a turbine, which transforms the energy of this steam into another energy, such as mechanical or electrical energy
- a condenser through which the heat contained in the steam is transferred to a cold source, generally the outside air which sweeps this condenser
- the Rankine cycle evaporator allows a heat exchange between the cooling fluid and the heat transfer fluid of the Rankine cycle.
- the evaporator can generally be located on the recirculation branch of the cooling circuit upstream of the thermostat to benefit from all the flow coming from the engine or downstream of the thermostat on the radiator branch so as not to disturb the regulation in engine temperature. Under these conditions, recuperation must be controlled, in particular in cold internal combustion engine conditions, so as not to penalize the rise in engine temperature, which could harm its performance by degrading fuel consumption and pollutant emissions during this period. phase. Once the internal combustion engine has reached the ideal operating temperature, the thermostat located downstream of the Rankine circuit exchanger sends the excess calories from the cooling circuit not removed by the Rankine cycle back to the radiator.
- a fixed inlet ORC turbine is sized for a certain heat transfer fluid mass flow rate and an inlet pressure condition relative to this flow rate under fixed temperature conditions. If it is desired to reduce the mass flow at the inlet of the turbine to make it operate at partial load, the pressure at the inlet of the turbine will be reduced accordingly, thus reducing the pressure ratio at the terminals of the turbine and therefore its recovery potential.
- the use of a variable turbine inlet is a widely used process because it allows for reduced load levels, in the case of a reduced mass flow, to maintain high the pressure at the inlet of the turbine and thus increase its recovery potential.
- Document EP3530924 A1 discloses a turbine having a variable inlet and consisting of an inlet volute equipped with 4 Laval nozzle-type sonic necks of different sections allowing the permeability of the turbine to be adjusted discreetly to the inlet flow that 'she meets.
- the stator device is here integrated into the inlet volute of the turbine
- ORC and the sonic throats are distributed at 90° on the turbine inlet volute.
- the turbine is by elsewhere equipped with a flow control device allowing a distribution of steam to one or the other of the sonic necks of the turbine.
- FR331950 A discloses nozzle groups for the stator thus achieving partial intake.
- FR344683 A discloses a split intake for gas and steam turbines with fluid acceleration director channels to accelerate dead mass in the runner blades and reduce efficiency losses.
- US4097188 A discloses a sonic collar device added to the turbine in the form of an insert with a rectangular outlet forming a removable stator.
- US6416277 also discloses a removable stator insert device attached to the turbine. These inserts are fixed in the turbine and can be replaced and modified to change the exit angle and also the passage section of the sonic neck.
- US2013205783 discloses a turbine equipped with a rotor and a stator having at least 2 sonic throats.
- the sonic necks of the turbine can be activated independently depending on the turbine load using control valves or a shutter placed upstream which opens or not the circulation towards the desired neck portion.
- variable intake devices use various solutions but generally offer only one to two levels of adjustment per actuator.
- the devices making it possible to vary the admission of the working fluid into the ORC turbine according to the art of the technique have in particular the disadvantage of requiring the implementation of several actuators and/or complex technical choices. Summary of the invention
- a general objective targeted by the invention is to provide optimum operation of the turbine over a wide range of use while reducing the manufacturing costs, the maintenance costs and the weight of the device.
- the invention relates to an ORC turbine with a variable inlet device. More specifically, the invention relates to a variable inlet heat recovery turbine module comprising a radial inlet and an axial outlet for a working fluid, and a casing comprising a volute with a plurality of angular sectors supplying working fluid to an impeller axis of the turbine, said joined angular sectors occupying the entire volute, characterized in that a single actuator is located between the inlet for the working fluid and the angular sectors.
- the angular sectors are two in number. According to a variant of this embodiment, the two angular sectors are distributed over different angular ranges from each other. Advantageously, the two angular sectors correspond to a 1/3 and 2/3 distribution of the total volute of the casing.
- the single actuator comprises an axis of rotation and a half flap articulated with respect to said axis of rotation, the half flap being placed at the level of the radial inlet of the turbine.
- the module comprises a single actuator control unit.
- the control unit of the single actuator establishes the positioning of the actuator in one of the distinct positions, three in number.
- the three distinct positions of the single actuator correspond to the admission of the working fluid respectively in an angular sector, another angular sector and in all of the angular sectors.
- the housing volute substantially forms a ring or a torus.
- An ORC system can comprise a pump, a circuit, a working fluid, a condenser, an evaporator, an expander in the form of a turbine according to the invention and an energy recuperator.
- Figure 1 illustrates, schematically and in a non-limiting manner, a turbine casing according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an operating diagram of the variable intake according to one embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 3 illustrates, schematically and in a non-limiting manner, three operating states of the variable admission, according to one embodiment of the invention.
- the aim of the invention is to provide optimum operation of the turbine over a wide range of use while reducing manufacturing costs, maintenance costs and the weight of the device.
- the device of the invention has been optimized in order to allow, if the industrial choices require it, to propose a variable intake device on an ORC turbine initially intended for fixed admission.
- a variable intake device on an ORC turbine initially intended for fixed admission.
- variable inlet heat recovery turbine module of the invention can therefore be composed of a set of parts that can transform a fixed inlet turbine into a variable inlet turbine.
- the invention makes it possible to propose a variable inlet device on an ORC turbine initially intended for a fixed inlet by means of the replacement of a reduced number of parts.
- the modular design of this device which can be in the form of a kit, finds its interest in particular in the adaptation of a system designed beforehand with an ORC turbine with fixed intake by transforming at low cost a turbine with fixed intake into a turbine with variable intake at the time of manufacture or aftermarket. This makes it possible to reduce the costs of designing, manufacturing and maintaining the device.
- the turbine is on an ORC circuit.
- the turbine is an axial type centrifugal expander.
- the turbine module of the invention comprises a radial inlet (4), an axial outlet (5) for a working fluid and a casing (3), see Figure 1 (in this figure the black arrows denote the flow of the working fluid at the inlet (4) and at the outlet (5)).
- the working fluid can be of any type, in particular a working fluid for an ORC circuit, for example a fluorinated fluid, in particular NOVEC 649TM R245fa or R1233zd (3M, USA) but also a hydrocarbon type fluid, but also any other fluid whose operating temperature within the framework of the ORC is compatible with the temperature of the available hot source.
- An axial wheel of the turbine not shown, as well as a part of the casing, not shown, and which makes it possible to position said rotor, complete the turbine during assembly of the module but are not part of the turbine module.
- the housing (3) in turn comprises a plurality of angular sectors.
- the number of angular sectors depends on the implementation of the invention.
- the angular sectors are typically parts of the volute (6), which are formed (hollowed) into the casing.
- volute (6) divides the radial inlet (4) into several portions, so as to separate the supply from the angular sectors.
- the volute (6) thus separated supplies the working fluid to the (fixed) stator part of the turbine and then to the axial wheel of the turbine. If they are joined together, said angular sectors (7, 8) occupy the whole of the volute (6) because the interest of the invention is to provide modularity of the volute (6) for the partial and at the same time to be able to use the entire volute (6) in the full load operating mode.
- the turbine module of the invention also comprises a single actuator (1), which is located between the inlet (4) for the working fluid and the angular sectors.
- the single actuator (1) makes it possible to modulate the passage of the working fluid towards at least one of the angular sectors, and thus to vary the admission.
- the volute (6) can comprise only two angular sectors (7, 8). This embodiment is shown in Figure 3. However, other embodiments of this embodiment may include a different number of angular sectors.
- the volute can be divided into three or four angular sectors. It is also possible to envisage dividing the volute into five, six, seven, eight or more angular sectors. In the case of a number of angular sectors greater than two, there are obviously several walls (9) and the single actuator (1) as well as the half flap (2) can be adapted accordingly.
- the two angular sectors can be distributed over different angular ranges from each other.
- the turbine on three adjustment levels with a single actuator: these three levels correspond respectively to a first angular sector, to a second sector angular and to the sum of the first and the second angular sector.
- the ratio between the two angular ranges can be chosen according to the optimum operating characteristics of the turbine.
- the two angular sectors can correspond to a distribution of 1/3 and 2/3 of the total volute of the casing (as illustrated in FIG. 3).
- any other pair of ratios such as for example 1/4 and 3/4 or even 2/5 and 3/5 and so on.
- the choice of the pair of ratios can be made by those skilled in the art by taking into account the characteristics of the ORC circuit, the operating regimes, the temperatures of operation, thermal load levels, the nature of the working fluid, the utilization profile of the turbine, etc.
- the single actuator (1) may comprise an axis of rotation (11) and a half flap (2) articulated with respect to said axis of rotation, the half flap (2) being placed at the level of the radial inlet (4) of the turbine.
- the half flap (2) can have a semi-circular shape or any other desirable shape, depending on the section through which the working fluid passes.
- the axis of rotation (11) can be driven in this case by an electric motor or any other actuator allowing axial rotation.
- the axis of rotation (11) can be parallel to the axis of the turbine (axis of the rotor).
- the single actuator (1) can comprise any other means, in particular an element movable in translation, which can partially cover the inlet of the turbine and seal the covered part of the inlet.
- the half flap (2) is positioned in such a way that the volute representing the minimum angular sector (8) is open to the inlet, by example 1/3 of the surface of the volute (6) and closing access to the upper angular sector (7), see Figure 3A.
- This operation makes it possible to increase the pressure at the inlet of the turbine and therefore to maximize the expansion ratio of the turbine at low load.
- the half flap (2) When the flow rate of the working fluid passes above a certain threshold, the half flap (2) is positioned to close access to the angular sector (8) in order to uncover the upper angular sector (7), for example the 2/3 of the surface of the stator of the turbine, and therefore to mask the lower angular sector (8), for example 1/3, see FIG. 3B. Under these conditions, the pressure at the inlet of the turbine is reduced taking into account the increased permeability of the latter. The turbine is able to increase its charge level by passing more ORC working fluid. Finally, when the flow increases above a final threshold, the flap can be placed in a vertical position to uncover the entire surface (100%) of the volute (6) of the turbine to maximize the potential for recovery. of the ORC turbine, see Figure 3C.
- FIG. 2 describes the principle of operation in pressure / flow of the turbine and represents the comparative schematic illustration between a turbine with fixed inlet and a turbine with variable inlet.
- a turbine has been shown according to one embodiment with only two angular sectors with a ratio of 1/3 and 2/3.
- D ORC working fluid flow rate
- P pressure at the turbine inlet
- the 1/3 zone corresponds to the single opening of the angular sector representing 1/3 of the volute
- the 2/3 zone corresponds to the single opening of the angular sector representing 2/3 of the volute
- the zone 100% corresponds to the common opening of the two angular sectors.
- the pressure can reach a maximum (Pmax) and is measured at the radial inlet (4) of the turbine.
- the solid line (A) represents a turbine with fixed inlet and the dotted line (B) represents a turbine with variable inlet.
- the area delimited by lines (A) and (B) represents the gain provided by the invention. Indeed, thanks to the invention, it is possible to reach the maximum pressure (Pmax) more quickly and to have a pressure at the level of the radial inlet (4) of the turbine (P) greater than a turbine with fixed intake on partial load operating points
- the module can comprise a single actuator control unit.
- the control module can take into account signals from different sensors and, advantageously, can take into account information from the engine management BUS and the vehicle as a whole, in order to determine the operation motor (e.g. partial load operation, heavy load operation, etc.).
- the single actuator (1) can establish the positioning of the half flap (2) in one of the distinct positions, three in number.
- the three distinct positions of the single actuator (1) correspond to the admission of the working fluid respectively in an angular sector, another angular sector and all of the angular sectors.
- the half flap (2) makes it possible to distribute the flow over the different sectors of the turbine (for example 1/3, 2/3, 100%), depending on the load in order to obtain the most as high as possible and to optimize energy recovery capacities as much as possible.
- the single actuator (1) thus places the half flap (2) at 0°, 90° or 180° relative to the entry plane located above the volute (6), cf. Figure 3 (A, B and C). Any information provided by a sensor at the evaporator outlet (not shown) would make it possible to control the pressure of the circuit, and the control module can interpret this information to define the position of the half flap (2) in order to optimize operation. of the turbine accordingly.
- the volute (6) can substantially form a ring or a torus.
- the geometric shape will be chosen by the person skilled in the art according to the choices for implementing the invention.
- the invention further relates to an ORC system comprising a pump, a circuit, a working fluid, a condenser, an evaporator, an expander in the form of a turbine which includes the turbine module and an energy harvester.
- the solution proposed by the invention thus makes it possible to maximize the turbine pressure ratio and therefore its energy production for operations at variable load.
- the energy recuperator can be any electrical generator device or any device making it possible to recover and transform the energy of the turbine, for example in the form of potential energy, inertia disc or other. It goes without saying that the invention is not limited solely to the embodiments of the recesses, described above by way of example, on the contrary it embraces all variant embodiments.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2008001A FR3113090B1 (fr) | 2020-07-29 | 2020-07-29 | Turbine axiale ORC à admission variable pilotée |
| PCT/EP2021/069745 WO2022023053A1 (fr) | 2020-07-29 | 2021-07-15 | Turbine axiale orc a admission variable pilotee |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4189218A1 true EP4189218A1 (fr) | 2023-06-07 |
Family
ID=73013679
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21740584.4A Withdrawn EP4189218A1 (fr) | 2020-07-29 | 2021-07-15 | Turbine axiale orc a admission variable pilotee |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4189218A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3113090B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022023053A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR331950A (fr) | 1903-05-12 | 1903-10-08 | Eschraenkter Haftung | Dispositif d'injection pour turbines à vapeur à nombre de tours variable |
| FR344683A (fr) | 1904-04-21 | 1904-11-10 | Elling Compressor C As | Perfectionnements aux turbines à gaz et à vapeur à injection fractionnée |
| GB1550932A (en) | 1976-04-15 | 1979-08-22 | Forster T O | Nozzle insert for a turbine |
| AU1242500A (en) | 1998-11-05 | 2000-05-29 | Elliott Turbomachinery Co., Inc. | Individually replaceable and reversile insertable steam turbine nozzle |
| DE10127916A1 (de) * | 2001-06-08 | 2002-12-12 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Abgasturbolader |
| DE102010042412A1 (de) | 2010-10-13 | 2012-04-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Dampfturbine |
| CN102536435B (zh) * | 2012-03-08 | 2013-09-11 | 康跃科技股份有限公司 | 混合式可变流量蜗壳 |
| DE102012208506A1 (de) * | 2012-05-22 | 2013-11-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Steuern der Zufuhr von Arbeitsfluid zu einer Turbine mittels einer ventilindividuellen Ansteuerung von mehreren Ventilen |
| US11156152B2 (en) | 2018-02-27 | 2021-10-26 | Borgwarner Inc. | Waste heat recovery system with nozzle block including geometrically different nozzles and turbine expander for the same |
-
2020
- 2020-07-29 FR FR2008001A patent/FR3113090B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-07-15 EP EP21740584.4A patent/EP4189218A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-07-15 WO PCT/EP2021/069745 patent/WO2022023053A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3113090B1 (fr) | 2022-09-09 |
| FR3113090A1 (fr) | 2022-02-04 |
| WO2022023053A1 (fr) | 2022-02-03 |
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