EP4188699A1 - Agencement de projection pour un afficheur tête haute (hud) avec rayonnement à polarisation p - Google Patents

Agencement de projection pour un afficheur tête haute (hud) avec rayonnement à polarisation p

Info

Publication number
EP4188699A1
EP4188699A1 EP21732885.5A EP21732885A EP4188699A1 EP 4188699 A1 EP4188699 A1 EP 4188699A1 EP 21732885 A EP21732885 A EP 21732885A EP 4188699 A1 EP4188699 A1 EP 4188699A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
pane
silver
projection arrangement
layers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21732885.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jan Hagen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS, Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of EP4188699A1 publication Critical patent/EP4188699A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/1022—Metallic coatings
    • B32B17/10229—Metallic layers sandwiched by dielectric layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1044—Invariable transmission
    • B32B17/10458—Polarization selective transmission
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3626—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer one layer at least containing a nitride, oxynitride, boronitride or carbonitride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3644—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the metal being silver
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/28—Interference filters
    • G02B5/285—Interference filters comprising deposited thin solid films
    • G02B5/286—Interference filters comprising deposited thin solid films having four or fewer layers, e.g. for achieving a colour effect
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
    • G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
    • G02B5/3041—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
    • G02B5/3066—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state involving the reflection of light at a particular angle of incidence, e.g. Brewster's angle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
    • G02B2027/012—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility comprising devices for attenuating parasitic image effects

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a projection arrangement for a head-up display and its use.
  • HUDs head-up displays
  • Images are projected onto the windshield with a projector, typically in the area of the dashboard, where they are reflected and perceived by the driver as a virtual image (from his perspective) behind the windshield.
  • a projector typically in the area of the dashboard
  • Head-up displays can thus make a significant contribution to increasing road safety.
  • HUD projectors operate predominantly with s-polarized radiation and illuminate the windshield at an angle of incidence of approximately 65%, which is close to Brewster's angle for an air-to-glass transition (56.5° for soda-lime glass).
  • the problem arises that the projector image is reflected on both external surfaces of the windshield.
  • a slightly offset secondary image also appears, the so-called ghost image (“ghost”).
  • the problem is usually alleviated by angling the surfaces relative to one another, particularly by using a wedge-type interlayer to laminate the laminated windshields so that the main image and ghost image are superimposed.
  • Laminated glasses with wedge foils for HUDs are known, for example, from WO2009/071135A1, EP1800855B1 or EP1880243A2.
  • HUD projection arrangements that make do with windshields without wedge foils.
  • DE102014220189A1 discloses such a HUD projection arrangement, which is operated with p-polarized radiation.
  • Further HUD projection arrangements with reflective coatings against p-polarized radiation, comprising a single metallic layer are known, for example, from WO2021/004685A1 and WO2021/104800A1.
  • the single metallic layer coatings can have good reflective properties to the p-polarized radiation of the projector.
  • the coating should often also have reflective properties for infrared solar radiation in order to prevent the interior from heating up.
  • the effectiveness of coatings with a single metallic layer, in particular a silver layer in this regard is very limited. In principle, an improvement would be possible by choosing a very thick metallic layer. In this respect, however, there are narrow limits to the freedom of design, because the metallic layer also reduces the transmission in the visible spectral range, on which high demands are made in the case of windshields.
  • Coatings with multiple metallic layers separated by dielectric layers have also been proposed.
  • Better IR-reflecting properties with a comparatively high transmission in the visible spectral range are possible with such coatings.
  • the deposition of such complex coatings with a large number of individual layers is technically complex.
  • the design of the coating cannot be carried out purely taking into account the IR reflection and the transmission in the visible spectral range.
  • the use as a reflective coating for the radiation of a HUD projector places further demands on the coating, in particular a high degree of reflection compared to p-polarized radiation in the visible spectral range and a reflection spectrum that is as smooth as possible, i.e. a degree of reflection that is as constant as possible in order to display the color as neutrally as possible enable HUD projection.
  • US2017242247A1 discloses another HUD projection arrangement with a reflective coating for p-polarized radiation, which can contain several conductive silver layers, moreover dielectric layers.
  • WO2019179683A1 discloses a HUD projection arrangement, wherein the windshield has a reflection coating for the p-polarized HUD radiation, which comprises four electrically conductive silver layers and intervening dielectric layer sequences.
  • the dielectric layer sequences can contain dielectric matching layers made of aluminum-doped zinc oxide.
  • the coating should ensure high transmission in the visible spectral range and a high degree of reflection of infrared components of solar radiation and have a high and constant degree of reflection of the p-polarized radiation of the HUD projector in the visible spectral range.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide such an improved projection arrangement.
  • the projection arrangement according to the invention for a head-up display comprises at least one composite pane, which is provided with a reflective coating, and a projector (HUD projector).
  • the projector illuminates an area of the laminated pane where the radiation is reflected in the direction of the viewer (driver), creating a virtual image which the viewer perceives from behind the laminated pane.
  • the area of the laminated pane that can be irradiated by the projector is referred to as the HUD area.
  • the beam direction of the projector can typically be varied using mirrors, particularly vertically, in order to adapt the projection to the viewer's height.
  • the area in which the viewer's eyes must be located for a given mirror position is referred to as the eyebox window.
  • This eyebox window can be shifted vertically by adjusting the mirrors, with the entire area accessible in this way (that is to say the superimposition of all possible eyebox windows) being referred to as the eyebox.
  • a viewer located within the eyebox can perceive the virtual image. Of course, this means that the viewer's eyes must be inside the eyebox, not the entire body.
  • the technical terms used here from the field of HUDs are generally known to the person skilled in the art. For a detailed description, reference is made to the dissertation "Simulation-based measurement technology for testing head-up displays" by Alexander Neumann at the Institute for Computer Science of the Technical University of Kunststoff (Munich: University Library of the Technical University of Kunststoff, 2012), in particular to Chapter 2 "The Head- up display”.
  • the composite pane comprises an outer pane and an inner pane, which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the laminated pane is intended to separate the interior from the outside environment in a window opening of a vehicle.
  • the inner pane refers to the pane of the laminated pane facing the vehicle interior.
  • the outer pane refers to the pane facing the outside environment.
  • the composite pane according to the invention is preferably a windscreen (front screen) of a vehicle on land, in water or in the air, in particular the windscreen of a motor vehicle, for example a car or truck, or the front screen of an airplane, ship or rail vehicle, in particular a train.
  • HUDs in which the projector radiation is reflected off a windshield to produce an image perceptible to the driver (viewer), are particularly common. In principle, however, it is also conceivable to project the HUD projection onto other windows, in particular vehicle windows, for example onto a side window or rear window.
  • the HUD on a side window can, for example, mark people or other vehicles with which a collision is imminent if their position is determined by cameras or other sensors.
  • a rear window HUD may provide information to the driver when reversing.
  • the laminated pane has an upper edge and a lower edge as well as two side edges running in between.
  • the top edge designates that edge which is intended to point upwards in the installation position.
  • the lower edge designates that edge which is intended to point downwards in the installation position.
  • the top edge is often referred to as the roof edge and the bottom edge as the engine edge.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane each have an outside and an inside surface and a circumferential side edge running in between.
  • the outside surface designates that main surface which is intended to face the external environment in the installed position.
  • the interior-side surface designates that main surface which is intended to face the interior in the installed position.
  • the interior surface of the outer pane and the outside surface of the inner pane face each other and are connected to one another by the thermoplastic intermediate layer
  • the projector is aimed at the HUD area of the compound pane.
  • the radiation from the projector is at least partially, preferably predominantly, particularly preferably essentially completely p-polarized.
  • the reflective coating is capable of reflecting p-polarized radiation.
  • the reflective coating is a thin-layer coating, i.e. a sequence of layers of thin individual layers, which can also be referred to as a thin-layer stack.
  • the reflective coating comprises n electrically conductive layers based on silver (hereinafter also referred to as silver layers) and (n+1) layer modules, where n is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.
  • the layer modules and the electrically conductive layers are arranged alternately, so that each electrically conductive layer is arranged between two layer modules.
  • the reflective coating thus has at least the structure “layer module—electrically conductive layer—layer module” from bottom to top, with further units “electrically conductive layer—layer module” following above.
  • the layer module denotes a single layer or a plurality of layers that are present in addition to the silver layers, in particular forming the upper and lower end of the layer structure and separating adjacent silver layers from one another if there are several silver layers. Coatings of this type are known.
  • the layer modules are conventionally designed as dielectric layers or layer sequences.
  • at least one of the layered modules formed as a layer based on a transparent electrically conductive oxide (TCO, transparent conductive oxide) (hereinafter also referred to as TCO layer).
  • TCO transparent electrically conductive oxide
  • the layer modules serve to protect the silver layers from corrosion and influence the optical properties of the reflective coating.
  • these layer modules must be designed as dielectric layers or layer sequences.
  • the inventors have recognized that the function can also be fulfilled by TCO layers.
  • the TCO layers also have the advantage that they reduce the energy input into the vehicle interior due to their reflective properties in the infrared spectrum I range (IR range). On the other hand, they are largely transparent in the visible spectral range, so that the light transmission is not significantly reduced. In particular, the transmission-reducing effect is less than that of the silver layers.
  • the layer structure according to the invention enables reflective coatings with a high and comparatively constant reflectivity in relation to p-polarized radiation in the visible spectral range, as a result of which an intensive and color-neutral HUD projection can be implemented.
  • One or more layer modules can be designed as a TCO layer. If further layer modules are present in addition to the layer modules designed as a TCO layer, then these are each designed as a dielectric layer or layer sequence. In a preferred embodiment, precisely one of the layer modules is designed as a TCO layer, while all the other layer modules are designed as dielectric layers or layer sequences. Since dielectric layers can typically be deposited more cheaply than TCO layers, such a composite pane can be manufactured more cheaply. In addition, the dielectric layers can also provide the coating with advantageous properties, for example a barrier effect against the diffusion of alkali ions. Because of this barrier effect, which can prevent alkali ions from diffusing from the glass into the silver layer, the bottom layer module is preferably designed as a dielectric layer or layer sequence under the bottom silver layer.
  • the dielectric layers which conventionally form the layer modules, are replaced overall by the TCO layer in the TCO layer module.
  • the layer module is therefore designed entirely as a TCO layer and contains no further layers apart from the TCO layer, in particular no dielectric ones Layers. This means that no dielectric layer is arranged between the TCO layer and the overlying electrically conductive layer, if such is present, and between the TCO layer and the underlying electrically conductive layer, if such is present.
  • the TCO layer module is the uppermost layer module, then preferably no dielectric layer is arranged above the TCO layer and between the TCO layer and the underlying silver layer.
  • the TCO layer module is the lowest layer module, then preferably no dielectric layer is arranged below the TCO layer and between the TCO layer and the overlying silver layer.
  • the reflection coating preferably consists of the silver layers and the layer modules and has no further layers.
  • An exception to this are very thin, metal-containing blocker layers with a thickness of less than 1 nm, which can optionally be present between the silver layers and the adjacent layer modules. Apart from the silver layers and the layer modules, the reflection coating therefore preferably has no further layers with a thickness of more than 1 nm.
  • the reflective coating preferably consists of the silver layers and the layer modules as well as optional blocking layers with a thickness of less than 1 nm.
  • layer thicknesses or thicknesses relates to the geometric thickness of a layer.
  • first layer is arranged above a second layer, this means within the meaning of the invention that the first layer is arranged further away from the substrate on which the coating is applied than the second layer. If a first layer is arranged below a second layer, this means within the meaning of the invention that the second layer is arranged further away from the substrate than the first layer.
  • the layer mainly consists of this material, in particular essentially of this material in addition to any impurities or dopings.
  • the at least one electrically conductive layer is based on silver.
  • the at least one conductive layer preferably contains at least 90% by weight silver, particularly preferably at least 99% by weight silver, very particularly preferably at least 99.9% by weight % Silver.
  • the silver layer can have dopings, for example palladium, gold, copper or aluminum.
  • the thickness of the silver layer is preferably at least 7 nm, particularly preferably at least 9 nm.
  • the thickness of the silver layer is preferably at most 14 nm. Particularly advantageous properties of the reflection coating can be achieved in this range for the thickness.
  • the silver layers are thick enough to have significant IR-reflecting properties and not lead to dewetting problems during thermal treatment.
  • Dewetting is an island-like accumulation of silver instead of a homogeneous layer, which can occur with very thin silver layers.
  • the silver layers are thin enough to ensure high light transmission.
  • the desired reflecting properties with respect to p-polarized radiation can also be advantageously realized in this range for the thickness of the silver layer. If the reflective coating has a plurality of silver layers, the above preferred ranges for the layer thickness apply in principle to each of the silver layers.
  • the number n is equal to 1.
  • the reflection coating then comprises precisely one individual silver layer and two layer modules, namely one layer module each above and below the silver layer.
  • the reflective coating thus contains no more than one silver layer, and no further silver layers are also arranged above or below the reflective coating. It is a particular advantage of the invention that the required properties can be achieved with a simple structure using only one silver layer. As a result, the deposition of the coating is technically simple and inexpensive, and the individual silver layer does not excessively reduce the light transmission.
  • the reflective coating then has the following basic layer structure, starting from the substrate on which it is deposited (“from bottom to top”):
  • dielectric layer/layer sequence - silver layer - TCO layer TCO layer - silver layer - dielectric layer/layer sequence TCO layer - silver layer - TCO layer The two first-mentioned layer structures with only one TCO layer are preferred.
  • a TCO layer below the silver layer offers the advantage that silver layers develop particularly good layer properties when they are deposited on TCO layers due to a similar crystal structure.
  • a TCO layer above the silver layer offers the advantage that its degree of oxidation can be adjusted well, which in turn influences its barrier effect against oxygen and thus the oxidation of the silver layer, in particular during a temperature treatment.
  • a sub-stoichiometric TCO layer can prevent the corrosion of the silver, because the oxygen required for this is absorbed by the TCO layer, which is afflicted with an oxygen deficiency.
  • a dielectric layer module underneath the silver layer also has the advantage that it can prevent the diffusion of alkali ions from the glass into the silver layer more effectively than a TCO layer module. The properties of the silver layer can thus be advantageously influenced.
  • the reflective coating may also include more than one layer of silver, for example two layers of silver.
  • the reflective coating then has the following basic layer structure, starting from the substrate on which it is deposited (“from bottom to top”):
  • Layer module electrically conductive layer based on silver
  • Layer module electrically conductive layer based on silver
  • only one of the layer modules is preferably designed as a TCO layer, while the other two layer modules are designed as dielectric layers or layer sequences.
  • the layer module between the two electrically conductive layers is particularly preferably designed as a TCO layer.
  • a reflective coating with a plurality of silver layers, in particular two silver layers, can be advantageous in particular when the individual silver layers are to be formed with a small thickness, for example in order to increase light transmission.
  • the thickness of the individual silver layers is particularly preferably from 7 nm to 10 nm.
  • At least one layer module is designed according to the invention as a TCO layer.
  • the TCO is indium tin oxide (ITO, indium tin oxide).
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • ITO has particularly good IR-reflecting properties and is easy to deposit, especially by means of cathode sputtering.
  • ITO shows beneficial interactions with silver layers. In this way, silver layers of high quality can be deposited on ITO layers due to a very similar crystal structure.
  • TCOs indium-zinc mixed oxide (IZO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO, Sn0 2 :F), antimony doped tin oxide (ATO, Sn0 2 : Sb) or niobium-doped titanium oxide (Ti0 2 : Nb).
  • IZO indium-zinc mixed oxide
  • AZO aluminum-doped zinc oxide
  • GZO gallium-doped zinc oxide
  • FTO fluorine-doped tin oxide
  • Sn0 2 :F fluorine-doped tin oxide
  • ATO antimony doped tin oxide
  • Ti0 2 : Nb niobium-doped titanium oxide
  • the thickness of the at least one TCO layer is preferably from 20 nm to 100 nm, preferably from 30 nm to 80 nm. This achieves good results in terms of the IR-reflecting properties and the reflecting properties compared to the p-polarized radiation of the HUD projector.
  • the TCO layer is thin enough not to reduce the light transmission to a critical extent, but thick enough to effectively protect the silver layer from corrosion. If the reflective coating has multiple TCO layers, the above preferred ranges apply to each of the TCO layers.
  • the TCO layer is preferably substoichiometric, ie has a substoichiometric oxygen content. Oxygen is then absorbed by the sub-stoichiometric TCO layers, for example during temperature treatment, and cannot react with the silver layers.
  • the reflective coating comprises at least one blocking layer based on a metal or a metal alloy (metallic blocking layer).
  • the blocking layer is preferably in direct contact with a silver layer.
  • the blocking layer is preferably arranged above the silver layer.
  • the blocking layer is then arranged between the silver layer and the overlying layer module and serves to protect the silver layer from oxidation, in particular during temperature treatments of the coated pane, such as typically occur in the context of bending processes.
  • a blocking layer can also be present below the silver layer.
  • the blocking layer is then arranged between the silver layer and the underlying layer module. Such a Blocking layer underneath the silver layer improves the adhesion of the silver layer.
  • the reflective coating comprises more than one silver layer
  • a blocking layer is assigned to at least one silver layer, particularly preferably to each silver layer.
  • the blocking layer preferably has a thickness of less than 1 nm, particularly preferably from 0.1 nm to 0.5 nm.
  • the blocking layer can be based, for example, on nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), niobium (Nb), titanium ( Ti) or mixtures or alloys thereof.
  • the blocking layer is preferably based on titanium or a nickel-chromium alloy.
  • the following particularly preferred layer sequences result (“from bottom to top"): dielectric layer/layer sequence - (optional blocking layer) - silver layer - blocking layer - TCO layer
  • the optical thickness of the dielectric layer modules is preferably from 50 nm to 150 nm, particularly preferably from 60 nm to 120 nm, very particularly preferably from 70 nm to 100 nm. Particularly advantageous optical properties of the reflection coating are achieved in this way.
  • the dielectric layers have an anti-reflective effect, so that the light transmission is increased, and influence the reflection spectrum with respect to the radiation of the HUD projector. In the specified range for the optical thickness, an advantageous light transmission is achieved as well as a pronounced and uniform (color-neutral) reflection compared to the radiation of the HUD projector.
  • the optical thickness is the product of the geometric thickness and the refractive index (at 550 nm).
  • the optical thickness of a layer sequence is calculated as the sum of the optical thicknesses of the individual layers.
  • the dielectric layer modules can be embodied as individual dielectric layers or as dielectric layer sequences.
  • the dielectric layers can be based, for example, on silicon oxide, silicon nitride, zinc oxide, tin oxide, tin-zinc oxide, Silicon-metal mixed nitrides such as silicon-zirconium nitride, zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, tungsten oxide or silicon carbide can be formed.
  • the reflective coating does not include any dielectric layers whose refractive index is less than 1.9. All dielectric layers of the reflection coating therefore have a refractive index of at least 1.9. Because low-index layers with a refractive index of less than 1.9 can be silicon oxide layers in particular, which have low deposition rates in magnetic field-assisted cathode deposition, the reflective coating according to the invention can be produced quickly and inexpensively.
  • refractive indices are generally given in relation to a wavelength of 550 nm.
  • the refractive index can be determined, for example, by means of ellipsometry. Ellipsometers are commercially available, for example from Sentech.
  • each dielectric layer module includes a dielectric layer that can be referred to as an anti-reflective layer and is preferably based on an oxide, for example tin oxide, and/or a nitride, for example silicon nitride, particularly preferably based on silicon nitride.
  • Silicon nitride has proven itself due to its optical properties, its easy availability and its high mechanical and chemical stability.
  • the silicon is preferably doped, for example with aluminum or boron. If the dielectric layer module is the uppermost layer module above the uppermost silver layer, the antireflection layer is preferably the uppermost layer of the layer sequence in the case of a layer sequence.
  • the antireflection layer is preferably the lowest layer of the layer sequence in the case of a layer sequence.
  • such anti-reflective coatings in particular based on silicon nitride, have a good barrier effect against the diffusion of ions (for example alkali ions from the glass panes), so that the anti-reflective coating chemically protects the functional silver layer.
  • the dielectric layer module includes a dielectric matching layer, which improves the reflectivity of the silver layer.
  • the adaptation layer is preferably formed on the basis of zinc oxide, particularly preferably zinc oxide Zhqid with 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.01.
  • the matching layer preferably contains dopants.
  • the matching layer can contain aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al), for example.
  • the zinc oxide is preferably deposited sub-stoichiometrically with respect to the oxygen in order to avoid a reaction of excess oxygen with the silver-containing layer.
  • the adaptation layer is preferably arranged between the silver layer and the antireflection layer.
  • the matching layer is advantageous with regard to the crystal structure of the overlying silver layer. In addition, it can protect the silver layer from corrosion, especially if it is deposited sub-stoichiometrically and is therefore able to absorb excess oxygen and prevent it from reacting with the silver layer.
  • the dielectric layer module can also include a refractive index-increasing layer that has a higher refractive index than the anti-reflective layer.
  • a refractive index-increasing layer that has a higher refractive index than the anti-reflective layer.
  • the layer that increases the refractive index brings about, in particular, better anti-reflection coatings on the silver layers, so that light transmission is increased.
  • the refractive index increasing layer preferably has a refractive index of at least 2.1.
  • the layer increasing the refractive index is preferably based on a silicon-metal mixed nitride such as silicon-zirconium mixed nitride, silicon-titanium mixed nitride or silicon-hafnium mixed nitride, particularly preferably silicon-zirconium mixed nitride.
  • the proportion of zirconium is preferably between 15 and 45% by weight, particularly preferably between 15 and 30% by weight.
  • Tungsten oxide (WO3), niobium oxide (Nb 2 0s), bismuth oxide (B12O3), titanium oxide (T1O2) and/or aluminum nitride (AIN) are possible alternative materials.
  • the refractive index-increasing layer is preferably arranged between the anti-reflective coating and the silver layer or between the adaptation layer (if available) and the anti-reflection layer.
  • the thickness of the adaptation layer is preferably from 5 nm to 20 nm, particularly preferably from 8 nm to 12 nm.
  • the thickness of the refractive index-increasing layer is preferably from 5 nm to 20 nm, particularly preferably from 8 nm to 12 nm.
  • the thickness of the antireflection layer is preferably chosen so that overall an optical thickness of the entire layer sequence in the above mentioned preferred ranges is reached. If both an adaptation layer and a layer that increases the refractive index are present in addition to the anti-reflective layer, the thickness of the anti-reflective layer is particularly preferably from 10 nm to 40 nm.
  • the dielectric layer sequences have no further layers apart from the said antireflection layer, the optional layer increasing the refractive index and the optional adaptation layer, so that the dielectric layer sequences consist of the said layers.
  • the materials mentioned in the present description can be deposited stoichiometrically, under-stoichiometrically or over-stoichiometrically.
  • the materials can have dopings, in particular aluminum, boron, zirconium or titanium. Due to the doping, dielectric materials can be provided with a certain electrical conductivity. The person skilled in the art will nevertheless identify them as dielectric layers with regard to their function, as is usual in the area of thin layers.
  • the material of the dielectric layers preferably has an electrical conductivity (reciprocal of the specific resistance) of less than 10 4 S/m.
  • the material of the electrically conductive layers in particular TCO layers, silver layers
  • the at least one dielectric layer module is formed from exactly one dielectric layer, preferably an antireflection coating with a refractive index of at least 1.9, particularly preferably based on silicon nitride.
  • the thickness of the antireflection layer is preferably from 25 nm to 75 nm, particularly preferably from 30 nm to 60 nm, very particularly preferably from 35 nm to 50 nm.
  • the at least one dielectric layer module is formed from exactly two dielectric layers, preferably an antireflection layer and an adaptation layer, each with a refractive index of at least 1.9.
  • the antireflection coating is particularly preferably based on silicon nitride, the adaptation layer based on zinc oxide.
  • the thickness of the adaptation layer is particularly preferably from 5 nm to 20 nm, in particular from 8 nm to 12 nm.
  • the thickness of the anti-reflection layer is preferably selected such that the dielectric layer module has an overall optical thickness of 50 nm to 150 nm, particularly preferably 60 nm to 120 nm, very particularly preferably from 70 nm to 100 nm.
  • the adaptation layer is preferably arranged between the anti-reflective layer and the silver layer. In the preferred case of a single silver layer and a single TCO layer module, the preferred layer sequences result from the substrate ("from below up"):
  • the at least one dielectric layer module is formed from exactly three dielectric layers, preferably an anti-reflective layer with a refractive index of at least 1.9, a refractive index-increasing layer with a refractive index of at least 2.1 and an adaptation layer with a refractive index of at least 1.9.
  • the antireflection layer is particularly preferably based on silicon nitride, the refractive index-increasing layer based on a silicon-metal mixed nitride (such as silicon-zirconium mixed nitride, silicon-titanium mixed nitride or silicon-hafnium mixed nitride), the matching layer based on zinc oxide.
  • the thickness of the adaptation layer and the layer increasing the refractive index is particularly preferably in each case from 5 nm to 20 nm, in particular from 8 nm to 12 nm.
  • the thickness of the anti-reflection layer is preferably selected such that the dielectric layer module has an overall optical thickness of 50 nm to 150 nm , particularly preferably from 60 nm to 120 nm, very particularly preferably from 70 nm to 100 nm. It is very particularly preferably from 10 nm to 40 nm.
  • the matching layer preferably has the smallest distance to the adjacent silver layer, while the refractive index-increasing layer is arranged between the matching layer and the antireflection layer. in the In the preferred case of a single silver layer and a single TCO layer module, the preferred layer sequences result from the substrate ("from bottom to top”):
  • TCO layer silver layer - adaptation layer - refractive index increasing layer - anti-reflection layer
  • the layer sequences preferably consist exclusively of the layers mentioned, with a metallic blocking layer having a thickness of less than 1 nm also optionally being present between the silver layer and the overlying and/or underlying layer module.
  • the blocking layer is preferably located directly above the silver layer where it is most effective. This results in the preferred layer sequences starting from the substrate (“from bottom to top”):
  • An additional blocking layer can optionally be arranged directly below the silver layer.
  • the integrated light reflection of the laminated pane compared to p-polarized radiation, measured with a p-polarized light source of illuminant A at an angle of incidence of 65° and an observation angle of 65°, in each case to the interior surface normal, is preferably at least 10%, particularly preferably at least 15% , most preferably at least 20%.
  • the interior-side surface normal is the surface normal of the interior-side surface of the inner pane.
  • the light reflection can therefore also be referred to as interior light reflection.
  • the angle of incidence of 65° corresponds to the irradiation with conventional HUD projectors.
  • Light reflectance is measured at a point within the HUD area, preferably at the geometric center of the HUD area.
  • the reflection spectrum in the visible spectral range should be as uniform as possible.
  • this is the case when the reflection color has an a* value and a b* value in the La*b* color space whose absolute value is less than 5.
  • the reflection color is measured with a p-polarized light source of illuminant type A at an angle of incidence of 65° and an observation angle of 65°, in each case to the interior-side surface normal.
  • the coating according to the invention effectively reduces the heat input into the vehicle interior, which represents a main advantage of the present invention over the prior art.
  • the total solar energy radiated in expressed as a TTS value according to ISO 13837, is preferably at most 55%.
  • the reflective coating is preferably applied to one of the surfaces of the two panes facing the intermediate layer, ie the interior surface of the outer pane or the outside surface of the inner pane.
  • the reflective coating can also be arranged within the thermoplastic intermediate layer, for example applied to a carrier film which is arranged between two thermoplastic connecting films.
  • the reflective coating is transparent, which in the context of the invention means that it has an average transmission in the visible spectral range of at least 70%, preferably at least 75%, and therefore does not significantly restrict the view through the pane. In principle, it is sufficient for the HUD projection if the HUD area of the composite pane is provided with the reflective coating.
  • the laminated pane is preferably provided with the reflective coating over a large area. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least 80% of the disk surface is covered with the surface according to the invention
  • the reflective coating is applied to the entire surface of the pane with the exception of a peripheral edge area and optional local area which, as a communication, sensor or camera window, is intended to ensure the transmission of electromagnetic radiation through the laminated pane and is therefore not provided with the reflective coating.
  • the surrounding uncoated edge area has a width of up to 20 cm, for example. It prevents the reflective coating from coming into direct contact with the surrounding atmosphere, so that the reflective coating inside the laminated pane is protected against corrosion and damage.
  • the projector is arranged on the interior side of the laminated pane and irradiates the laminated pane via the interior-side surface of the inner pane. It is aimed at the HUD area and illuminates it to create the HUD projection.
  • the radiation of the projector is at least partially p-polarized, ie has a p-polarized radiation component.
  • the radiation from the projector is preferably predominantly p-polarized, ie has a p-polarized radiation component of more than 50%. The higher the proportion of p-polarized radiation in the total radiation of the projector, the higher the intensity of the desired projection image and the lower the intensity of undesired reflections on the surfaces of the laminated pane.
  • the p-polarized radiation component of the projector is preferably at least 70%, particularly preferably at least 80% and in particular at least 90%.
  • the radiation from the projector is essentially purely p-polarized—the p-polarized radiation component is therefore 100% or deviates from it only insignificantly.
  • the specification of the direction of polarization refers to the plane of incidence of the radiation on the laminated pane.
  • P-polarized radiation is radiation whose electric field oscillates in the plane of incidence.
  • S-polarized radiation is radiation whose electric field oscillates perpendicular to the plane of incidence.
  • the plane of incidence is spanned by the incidence vector and the surface normal of the composite pane at a point within the HUD area, preferably in the geometric center of the HUD area. Due to the curvature of the pane that is common in vehicles, which affects the plane of incidence and thus the definition of the polarization, the ratio of p-polarized radiation to s-polarized radiation can differ from this reference point at other points.
  • the p-polarized radiation emitted by the projector irradiates the HUD area to generate the HUD projection.
  • the radiation from the projector strikes the laminated pane preferably at an angle of incidence of 45° to 70°, in particular of 60° to 70°.
  • the angle of incidence deviates from the Brewster angle by at most 10°.
  • the p-polarized radiation is then reflected only to an insignificant extent on the surfaces of the laminated pane, so that no ghost image is generated.
  • the angle of incidence is the angle between the incidence vector of the projector radiation and the interior surface normal (i.e. the surface normal to the interior external surface of the laminated pane) in the geometric center of the HUD area. Ideally, the angle of incidence should be as close as possible to this Brewster angle.
  • angles of incidence of 65° can also be used, for example, which are customary for HUD projection arrangements, can be implemented without problems in vehicles and deviate only slightly from the Brewster angle, so that the reflection of the p-polarized radiation increases only insignificantly.
  • the external pane surfaces refer to the surfaces of the individual panes that face away from one another, ie the outside surface of the outer pane and the interior surface of the inner pane.
  • the external surfaces of the laminated pane are therefore preferably arranged essentially parallel to one another.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer is preferably not designed in the manner of a wedge, but has an essentially constant thickness, in particular also in the vertical course between the upper edge and the lower edge of the composite pane, just like the inner pane and the outer pane.
  • a wedge-like intermediate layer would counteract this have a variable, in particular increasing, thickness in the vertical course between the lower edge and the upper edge of the laminated pane.
  • the intermediate layer is typically formed from at least one thermoplastic film. Since standard foils are significantly cheaper than wedge foils, the production of the laminated pane is made more economical.
  • the reflective coating can also be used as a heatable coating. For this purpose, it must be electrically contacted so that it can be connected to the voltage source, usually the on-board voltage of the vehicle.
  • the coating is preferably provided with busbars, which can be connected to the poles of the voltage source in order to introduce current into the coating over as large a part of the pane width as possible.
  • the busbars can, for example, be in the form of printed and burned-in conductors, typically in the form of a burned screen-printing paste with glass frits and silver particles.
  • strips of an electrically conductive foil can also be used as busbars, which are placed or glued onto the coating, for example copper foil or aluminum foil.
  • the two busbars are positioned near two opposite side edges of the laminated pane, such as the top and bottom edges.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably made of glass, in particular of soda-lime glass, which is common for window panes.
  • the panes can also be made of other types of glass (for example borosilicate glass, quartz glass, aluminosilicate glass) or transparent plastics (for example polymethyl methacrylate or polycarbonate).
  • the thickness of the outer pane and the inner pane can vary widely. Disks with a thickness in the range from 0.8 mm to 5 mm, preferably from 1.4 mm to 2.9 mm, are preferably used, for example those with the standard thicknesses of 1.6 mm or 2.1 mm.
  • the outer pane, the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be clear and colorless, but also tinted or colored.
  • the total transmission through the laminated pane (including the reflective coating) is greater than 70% based on light type A, particularly if it is designed as a windshield.
  • the term total transmission refers to the procedure for testing the light transmittance of ECE-R 43, Annex 3, Section 9.1 motor vehicle windows.
  • the outer pane and the inner panes can be unprestressed, partially prestressed or prestressed independently of one another. If at least one of the panes is to have a prestress, this can be a thermal or chemical prestress.
  • the outer pane is tinted or colored.
  • the reflectivity of the laminated pane on the outside can be reduced, making the impression of the pane more pleasant for an outside observer.
  • the outer pane should preferably have a light transmission of at least 80%, particularly preferably at least 85% if the laminated pane is to be used as a windshield.
  • the inner pane and the intermediate layer are preferably clear, ie not tinted or colored. For example, green or blue colored glass can be used as the outer pane.
  • the laminated pane is preferably curved in one or more spatial directions, as is customary for motor vehicle panes, with typical radii of curvature being in the range from about 10 cm to about 40 m.
  • the composite pane can also be flat, for example if it is intended as a pane for buses, trains or tractors.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer contains at least one thermoplastic polymer, preferably ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyurethane (PU) or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably PVB.
  • the intermediate layer is typically formed from at least one thermoplastic film, in particular from a film based on PVB, EVA or PU. In addition to the polymer, the film can contain other additives, in particular plasticizers.
  • the thickness of the intermediate layer is preferably from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably from 0.3 mm to 1 mm.
  • the laminated pane can be manufactured by methods known per se.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane are laminated to one another via the intermediate layer, for example by autoclave methods, vacuum bag methods, vacuum ring methods, calendering methods, vacuum laminators or combinations thereof.
  • the outer pane and inner pane are usually connected under the action of heat, vacuum and/or pressure.
  • the reflective coating is preferably applied to the inner pane by physical vapor deposition (PVD), particularly preferably by cathode sputtering (“sputtering”), very particularly preferably by magnetic field-assisted cathode sputtering (“magnetron sputtering”).
  • the coating can also be applied, for example, by means of chemical vapor deposition (CVD), for example plasma-enhanced vapor deposition (PECVD), by vapor deposition or by atomic layer deposition (ALD).
  • CVD chemical vapor deposition
  • PECVD plasma-enhanced vapor deposition
  • ALD atomic layer deposition
  • the coating is preferably applied to the panes before lamination.
  • the reflective coating it can in principle also be provided on a carrier film that is arranged in the intermediate layer.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably subjected to a bending process before lamination and preferably after any coating processes.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably bent congruently together (i.e. at the same time and using the same tool), because the shape of the panes is then optimally matched to one another for the lamination that takes place later.
  • Typical temperatures for glass bending processes are 500°C to 700°C, for example. This thermal treatment also increases the transparency and reduces the sheet resistance of the reflective coating.
  • the invention also includes the use of a composite pane designed according to the invention as a projection surface of a projection arrangement for a head-up display, with a projector being aimed at the HUD area whose radiation is at least partially, in particular predominantly, preferably essentially completely p-polarized.
  • a composite pane designed according to the invention as a projection surface of a projection arrangement for a head-up display, with a projector being aimed at the HUD area whose radiation is at least partially, in particular predominantly, preferably essentially completely p-polarized.
  • the invention also includes the use of a projection arrangement according to the invention as a HUD in a vehicle on land, on water or in the air, preferably a motor vehicle, rail vehicle, aircraft or ship, in particular a passenger car or truck.
  • a projection arrangement according to the invention as a HUD in a vehicle on land, on water or in the air, preferably a motor vehicle, rail vehicle, aircraft or ship, in particular a passenger car or truck.
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of a composite pane of a generic
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through a laminated pane of one according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of the reflective coating according to the invention on an inner pane.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 each show a detail of a generic projection arrangement for a HUD.
  • the projection arrangement comprises a composite pane 10, in particular the windshield of a passenger car.
  • the projection arrangement also includes a HUD projector 4 which is aimed at a portion of the laminated pane 10 .
  • HUD area B images can be generated by the HUD projector 4, which are perceived by a viewer 5 (vehicle driver) as virtual images on the side of the laminated pane 10 facing away from him when his eyes are inside the so-called eyebox E.
  • the laminated pane 10 is made up of an outer pane 1 and an inner pane 2 which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 . Its lower edge U is arranged downwards towards the engine of the passenger car, its upper edge O upwards towards the roof. In the installed position, the outer pane 1 faces the outside environment, and the inner pane 2 faces the vehicle interior.
  • FIG 3 shows an embodiment of an inventive composite pane 10.
  • the outer pane 1 has an outside surface I, which faces the outside environment in the installed position, and an interior surface II, which in the installed position facing interior.
  • the inner pane 2 has an outside surface III, which faces the outside environment in the installed position, and an interior-side surface IV, which faces the interior in the installed position.
  • the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 consist, for example, of soda-lime glass and each have a thickness of 2.1 mm, for example.
  • the intermediate layer 3 is formed, for example, from a PVB film with a thickness of 0.76 mm.
  • the PVB film has an essentially constant thickness, apart from any surface roughness that is customary in the art - it is not designed as a so-called wedge film.
  • the outside surface III of the inner pane 2 is provided with a reflection coating 20 according to the invention, which is provided as a reflection surface for the projector radiation (and possibly also as an IR-reflecting coating).
  • the reflective coating 20 should also serve as a sun protection coating and reduce the energy input into the vehicle interior, which is caused in particular by the infrared radiation components of sunlight.
  • the radiation of the projector 4 is p-polarized, in particular essentially purely p-polarized. Since the HUD projector 4 irradiates the windshield 10 at an angle of incidence of approximately 65°, which is close to Brewster's angle, the radiation from the projector is only insignificantly reflected on the external surfaces I, IV of the composite pane 10 .
  • the reflection coating 20 according to the invention is optimized for the reflection of p-polarized radiation. It serves as a reflection surface for the radiation from the HUD projector 4 for generating the HUD projection.
  • FIG. 4 shows the layer sequence of an embodiment of the reflection coating 20 according to the invention on the inner pane 2.
  • the reflection coating 20 is a stack of thin layers.
  • the reflective coating 20 comprises an electrically conductive layer 21 based on silver.
  • a metallic blocking layer 24 is arranged directly above the electrically conductive layer 21 .
  • a first layer module M1 is arranged below the conductive layer 21 .
  • a second layer module M2 is arranged above the conductive layer 21 with the blocking layer 24 .
  • the first layer module M1 is designed as a dielectric layer sequence, as is generally customary for generic coatings.
  • the sequence of layers is from bottom to top on top of an antireflection layer 22a, a refractive index increasing layer 22c and a matching layer 22b.
  • the second layer module M2 is formed from a single layer 23 based on a TCO, namely ITO, and contains no dielectric layers.
  • the layer 23 serves the purpose of protecting the silver layer 21 from corrosion. In addition, it improves the IR reflectivity of the laminated pane 10, so that the energy input into the vehicle interior can be further reduced.
  • a reflection coating 20 can be implemented with the layer 23, which has excellent reflection properties with respect to the p-polarized radiation of the HUD projector 4, so that a high-intensity and color-neutral representation of the HUD projection is ensured.
  • the layer sequence of a laminated pane 10 with the reflective coating 20 on the outside surface III of the inner pane 2, together with the materials and layer thicknesses of the individual layers, is shown in Table 1 for four examples 1 to 4 according to the invention, which differ in the individual layer thicknesses.
  • the dielectric layers can be doped independently of one another, for example with boron or aluminum.
  • optical thickness of a layer results from the product of the geometric thickness shown in the tables and the refractive index (SiN: 2.0; SiZrN: 2.2, ZnO: 2.0).
  • reflective coatings 20 having a single conductive silver layer 21 are preferred, the invention is not so limited.
  • the reflective coating can also contain several silver layers 21, which are separated from one another by layer modules. This is particularly advantageous when the individual silver layers 21 are to be made thinner. In this way, high light transmission can be achieved with high reflectivity for IR radiation.
  • FIG. 5 shows the layer sequence of such an embodiment of the reflective coating 20 according to the invention with two silver layers 21.1, 21.2 on the inner pane 2.
  • the reflective coating 20 is a stack of thin layers.
  • a layer module M2 is arranged between the two silver layers 21.1, 21.2, which, according to the invention, is formed from a single layer 23 based on a TCO, namely ITO, and contains no dielectric layers.
  • a dielectric layer module M1 is arranged below the lower silver layer 21.1 and is designed as in FIG.
  • a metallic blocking layer 24 is initially arranged above the upper silver layer 21.2 and a further dielectric layer module M3 above it.
  • the layer sequence of the layer module From bottom to top, M3 consists of a matching layer 22b, a refractive index increasing layer 22c and an antireflection coating layer 22a.
  • the sequence of layers can be seen schematically in the figure.
  • the layer sequence of a corresponding laminated pane 10 with the reflective coating 20 on the outside surface III of the inner pane 2 is shown in Table 2 together with the materials and layer thicknesses of the individual layers (Example 5).
  • Table 2 A comparative example is shown in Table 3.
  • the reflective coating 20 comprises a single silver layer 21 and two layer modules M1, M2. Both layer modules M1, M2 are designed as dielectric layer sequences and each include an antireflection coating layer 22a, a layer 22c that increases the refractive index, and an adaptation layer 22b.
  • the arrangement of the TCO layer 23 in the examples is only to be understood as an example. According to the invention, any layer module can be used as a TCO layer 23.
  • Table 4 shows another example according to the invention (example 6).
  • the reflective coating 20 comprises only a single silver layer 21, in contrast to examples 1 to 4 the lower layer module M1 being designed as a TCO layer 23 and the upper layer module M2 as a dielectric layer sequence.
  • Table 5 summarizes some characterizing parameters of Examples 1 to 6 and the Comparative Example. The following are compared:
  • TL(A) integrated light transmission according to ISO 9050, measured with an illuminant A light source
  • TTS total radiated solar energy according to ISO 13837
  • R(A)p-pol integrated light reflection against p-polarized radiation, measured with a p-polarized light source of illuminant type A at an angle of incidence of 65° and an observation angle of 65° to the interior surface normal
  • b*(A)p-pol Color values in the L*a*b* color space as reflection color against p-polarized radiation, measured with a p-polarized light source of illuminant A at an angle of incidence of 65 ° and an observation angle of 65° to the interior surface normal
  • the light transmission TL(A) is a measure of the transparency of the laminated pane 10, with values greater than 70% being desirable in particular for windshields.
  • the radiated solar energy TTS is a measure of the energy input into the vehicle interior and thus of the thermal comfort.
  • R(A)p-pol is a measure of that Reflectivity to the radiation of the HUD projector 4 and thus the intensity of the HUD projection.
  • the color values in the L*a*b* color space are a measure of how color-neutral the HUD display is, whereby the values should be as close to zero as possible.
  • Table 5 It is clear from Table 5 that all of the examples and also the comparative example have a sufficiently high light transmission TL(A) so that the laminated panes 10 can be used as windshields.
  • the examples according to the invention have a significantly lower TTS value—the TCO layer 23 instead of a dielectric layer sequence significantly reduces the radiated solar energy and increases the thermal comfort in the vehicle.
  • a high degree of reflection which is comparable to the comparative example, can be achieved with respect to the p-polarized radiation of the HUD projector 4, so that the composite panes 10 are suitable as a projection surface of a generic HUD projection arrangement.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un agencement de projection pour un afficheur tête haute (HUD), comprenant au moins - une vitre composite (10) comprenant une vitre extérieure (1) et une vitre intérieure (2) qui sont reliées mutuellement via une couche intermédiaire thermoplastique (3), et ayant une région HUD (B) ; et - un projecteur HUD (4) qui est dirigé sur la région HUD (B). Selon l'invention : le rayonnement du projecteur (4) est au moins partiellement à polarisation p et - la vitre composite (10) est pourvue d'un revêtement réfléchissant (20) qui est approprié pour réfléchir un rayonnement à polarisation p ; - le revêtement réfléchissant (20) comprend n couches électriquement conductrices (21) à base d'argent et (n+1) modules de couche (M1, M2, M3), les modules de couche (M1, M2, M3) et les couches électriquement conductrices (21) étant disposés de manière alternée de telle sorte que chaque couche électriquement conductrice (21) est disposée entre deux modules de couche (M1, M2, M3), où n est un nombre naturel supérieur ou égal à 1 ; et - au moins l'un des modules de couche (M1, M2, M3) se présente sous la forme d'une couche (23) sur la base d'un oxyde conducteur transparent, et les modules de couche restants (M1, M2, M3), s'ils sont présents, se présentent sous la forme de couches ou séquences de couches diélectriques (22a, 22b, 22c). (Figure 2)
EP21732885.5A 2020-07-29 2021-06-15 Agencement de projection pour un afficheur tête haute (hud) avec rayonnement à polarisation p Pending EP4188699A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20188327 2020-07-29
PCT/EP2021/066099 WO2022022886A1 (fr) 2020-07-29 2021-06-15 Agencement de projection pour un afficheur tête haute (hud) avec rayonnement à polarisation p

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WO2024096255A1 (fr) * 2022-11-04 2024-05-10 엘지전자 주식회사 Dispositif d'affichage pour véhicule
WO2024204369A1 (fr) * 2023-03-29 2024-10-03 Ａｇｃ株式会社 Verre feuilleté et son procédé de fabrication

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US20070009714A1 (en) 2005-05-11 2007-01-11 Lee David J Polymeric interlayers having a wedge profile
JP2007223883A (ja) 2005-12-26 2007-09-06 Asahi Glass Co Ltd 車両用合せガラス
JP5315358B2 (ja) 2007-12-07 2013-10-16 サン−ゴバン グラス フランス 合わせガラスからなる曲面の車両用フロントガラス
DE102014220189B4 (de) 2014-10-06 2023-08-17 Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH Head-Up-Display und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines virtuellen Bilds mittels eines Head-Up-Displays und Verwendung von p-polarisiertem Licht in einem Head-Up-Display
CN104267499B (zh) 2014-10-14 2016-08-17 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 一种抬头显示系统
US10788667B2 (en) 2017-08-31 2020-09-29 Vitro Flat Glass Llc Heads-up display and coating therefor
JP7071503B2 (ja) * 2017-12-05 2022-05-19 サン－ゴバン グラス フランス 太陽光保護コーティング及び熱放射反射コーティングを有する複合ペイン
US11526009B2 (en) 2018-03-22 2022-12-13 Saint-Gobain Glass France Projection arrangement for a head-up display (HUD) with P-polarised light portions
WO2020083649A1 (fr) * 2018-10-24 2020-04-30 Saint-Gobain Glass France Dispositif de projection pour véhicule comprenant une vitre latérale
JP7303873B2 (ja) 2018-11-09 2023-07-05 サン－ゴバン グラス フランス ｐ－偏光放射を用いるヘッドアップディスプレイ（ＨＵＤ）のための投影設備
JP7174847B2 (ja) 2018-11-09 2022-11-17 サン－ゴバン グラス フランス ｐ－偏光放射を用いるヘッドアップディスプレイ（ＨＵＤ）のための投影設備
EP3994506B1 (fr) 2019-07-05 2024-07-24 Saint-Gobain Glass France Dispositif de projection pour un affichage tête haute (hud) à rayonnement p-polarisé
US20220342217A1 (en) 2019-11-28 2022-10-27 Saint-Gobain Glass France Projection assembly for a head-up display (hud) with p-polarised radiation

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JP2023536238A (ja) 2023-08-24
KR20230027260A (ko) 2023-02-27
JP7493092B2 (ja) 2024-05-30
US20230176374A1 (en) 2023-06-08
CN114341710A (zh) 2022-04-12

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