EP4182973A1

EP4182973A1 - Photovoltaic component

Info

Publication number: EP4182973A1
Application number: EP20750604.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Peter Schibli
Original assignee: Foxled1 Ag
Current assignee: Foxled1 Ag
Priority date: 2020-07-16
Filing date: 2020-07-16
Publication date: 2023-05-24
Also published as: WO2021151522A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a photovoltaic component (10) comprising an outer sheet (11) and a back panel (12). An energy-generating layer (15) comprising a plurality of concentrator photovoltaic modules (20) is located between the outer sheet (11) and the back panel (12). The concentrator photovoltaic modules (20) have a concentrating reflector (50) as the primary optics and a photovoltaic chip (22) that is integrated into a surface-mountable housing (30), the surface-mountable housing (30) having a transparent cover (36) and an integrated reflector (23) as the secondary optics. The concentrating reflector (50) is located between the photovoltaic chip (22) and the back panel (12), and the transparent cover (36) and an entry opening (23a) of the integrated reflector (23) face the back panel (12).

Description

Photovoltaic component

Field of invention

background

Photovoltaics is the conversion of light energy, mostly from sunlight, into electrical energy by means of solar cells or photovoltaic cells.

Concentrator photovoltaics use lenses and / or reflectors to concentrate sunlight on photovoltaic cells. This enables the cell size to be reduced. The energy conversion is usually carried out by a special high-performance solar cell, in particular by means of highly efficient multiple (multi-junction) solar cells made of, for example, III-V semiconductor materials.

Concentrator photovoltaic systems are categorized according to the amount of their solar concentration, measured in "suns". A distinction is made here between low-concentration systems, systems with medium concentration and highly concentrated systems.

An increasing concentration increases in the

Usually also the complexity of the system. In particular, the demands on cooling and optics are increasing.

Systems with a low concentration often have a simple booster reflector that converts the solar However, electrical power can sometimes already increase by more than 30% compared to non-concentrator systems.

Highly concentrated systems, on the other hand, use more complex optical systems. These can, for example, consist of a Fresnel lens as primary optics and a reflector as secondary optics.

For flat applications, solar mats are also known, which can be flexibly attached to various surfaces of buildings or devices. Such solar mats, e.g. based on cadmium telluride or CIGS, have a limited degree of effectiveness.

Overall, it remains a challenge to integrate photovoltaic systems, in particular concentrator photovoltaic systems, into buildings or devices in an efficient manner and with a high degree of efficiency and to generate a high level of solar power.

Presentation of the invention

It is therefore an object of embodiments of the present invention to create a photovoltaic component which avoids the disadvantages of the known.

Another object of embodiments of the present invention is to create a photovoltaic component which enables an improved utilization of the solar energy, and this in particular in a cost-effective and efficient manner and with a favorable degree of efficiency.

A first aspect of the invention relates to a photovoltaic component according to claim 1.

The photovoltaic component accordingly has an outer pane and a back plate. Between the outer pane and the backplate is an energy-generating layer with a plurality of concentrator Photovoltaic modules is arranged. The concentrator photovoltaic modules have a concave mirror as the primary optics and a photovoltaic chip that is integrated into a surface-mountable housing. The surface-mountable housing has a transparent cover and an integrated reflector as secondary optics. The concave mirror is arranged between the photovoltaic chip and the back plate. The transparent cover and an inlet opening of the integrated reflector face the back plate.

Such a photovoltaic component can be manufactured in an efficient and reliable manner. In addition, through the integration of the energy-generating layer between the outer pane and the back plate, a long service life and reliability of the energy-generating layer can be achieved. The outer pane and the back plate protect the energy-generating layer from environmental influences.

According to embodiments of the invention, photovoltaic modules with concentrator are thus integrated into the photovoltaic component. This enables a high degree of efficiency, especially in comparison to solar foils made of, for example, cadmium telluride.

The integration of the photovoltaic chip in a surface-mountable housing enables efficient (pre) production of the photovoltaic chip in very large numbers. At the same time, the housing of the

Chips already have a reflector integrated. Such surface mountable modules, which are also referred to as SMD modules (Surface Mounted Device), can be mounted and processed in a particularly efficient and automated manner. In particular, the surface-mountable housing with the integrated photovoltaic taik chips and the integrated reflectors can be applied in an efficient manner to the respective carrier material of the respective application, for example to a carrier film, by means of reflow soldering.

According to embodiments of the invention, the concentrator photovoltaic modules have two-stage optics. In this way, increased efficiency can be achieved. Here, the concave mirror is configured to reflect and focus sunlight falling through the outer pane into the integrated reflector, and the reflector is configured to concentrate the sunlight reflected by the concave mirror onto the photovoltaic chip.

According to embodiments, the concave mirror is arranged between the back plate and the surface-mountable housing with the photovoltaic chip and the transparent cover of the surface-mountable housing faces the back plate or, in other words, is directed downwards or on the side facing away from the sun. An inlet opening for the integrated reflector is provided under the transparent cover. The integrated reflector concentrates or collects the sunlight reflected and focused by the concave mirror and guides it through an exit opening onto the photovoltaic chip.

The terms “below” or “below” and “above” or “above” relate to the sun or the course of the incident sunlight.

According to embodiments of the invention, the concave mirror can be designed as a parabolic mirror or as a spherical concave mirror. While the spherical mirror is advantageous in terms of production technology, the parabolic mirror has greater optical precision. According to embodiments of the invention, the concave mirror has a base body on which a reflective layer is applied by vapor deposition. This is advantageous in terms of production.

According to embodiments of the invention, the base body is made of a metal, in particular aluminum, or of a plastic, in particular Kevlar. According to embodiments of the invention, the back plate is made of plastic, in particular Kevlar, or of metal, in particular aluminum.

According to embodiments of the invention, the outer pane consists of glass or transparent plastic.

According to embodiments of the invention, the outer pane has a high transmission or a high degree of transmission. According to embodiments of the invention, the outer pane has a degree of transmission of more than 80%, in particular of more than 90%. The degree of transmission relates in particular to the spectral range visible to the human eye, i.e. in particular to light with a wavelength between 380 and 780 nanometers (nm). The degree of transmission can also be referred to as light permeability.

According to embodiments of the invention, the concave mirror has a surface with a large number of facets or facet elements and is thus designed as a facet concave mirror.

According to embodiments, the facets represent irregularities in the surface of the concave mirror. According to embodiments, the facets can be designed as indentations or depressions.

According to embodiments, the facets can be designed as planar, for example square, surfaces. According to embodiments, the facets are configured to focus the incident light and reduce the scattered light.

The efficiency or the concentration effect of the concave mirror can thus be increased.

According to embodiments, the facets are configured in particular to homogenize the incident light.

According to embodiments, the facets are configured to direct light which strikes the concave mirror at different angles onto the transparent cover of the surface-mountable housing. As a result, it can be achieved, in particular, that a sufficient amount of light is directed onto the photovoltaic chips when the sun is different in the course of the day. In this way, the incidence of light is homogenized. Compared to tracking or adjusting the concave mirror, this is a very cost-effective method. The indentations can have different shapes according to Ausgestaltun conditions. According to embodiments of the invention, the indentations can be designed in particular in the form of a spherical cutout, e.g. a hemispherical cutout, or also in the form of paraboloids of revolution. According to embodiments, the indentations or depressions can be designed as concave or convex deformations of the surface.

According to embodiments of the invention, the photovoltaic component has a contacting layer with conductor tracks for contacting the concentrator photovoltaic modules or the photovoltaic chip. The contacting layer represents a circuit board or a carrier for the concentrator photovoltaic modules. The contacting layer can in particular be configured as a coating on the pane or as a film, in particular as a laminating film. According to embodiments of the invention, the contact-making layer has a transmittance of more than 75%.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the contact-making layer is designed as a heat-dissipating layer or film. In this case, the metallic conductor tracks in particular can be used for heat dissipation.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the concentrator photovoltaic modules are integrated in a plastic material, in particular in a transparent plastic material.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the energy-generating layer is connected to the outer pane by means of a composite layer made of plastic. The composite layer can advantageously be a plastic film, in particular made of PVB or EVA, or another plastic, e.g. PU or an acrylate or another plastic resin. According to a further advantageous embodiment, the photovoltaic component has one or more heat-dissipating or heat-absorbing films. This can reduce the heating of the photovoltaic component.

The heat-absorbing film and / or the heat-dissipating film can in particular be arranged under the back plate or between the back plate and the energy-generating layer.

According to embodiments of the invention, a pane denotes generally flat, in particular layer-shaped elements, which are in particular made transparent or partially transparent. According to embodiments of the invention, a pane can thus also be referred to as a layer, in particular as a transparent or partially transparent layer.

According to embodiments of the invention, a disk can have a wide variety of geometries adapted to the respective installation position. According to embodiments, a Disc to be performed in particular rectangular or square. According to embodiments of the invention, a disk is designed in particular to be rigid or stiff.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the housing has a recess forming a receiving trough with a recessed bottom section for receiving the photovoltaic chip, the receiving trough having side walls with reflective areas that form the integrated reflector, according to one embodiment the Aufnah mewanne side walls with at least a first and a second reflective area, wherein the first reflective area is aligned at a first angle with respect to a horizontal plane of the housing and the second reflective area at a second angle with respect to the horizontal plane of the housing is aligned. The first angle is different from the second angle.

A concentrator photovoltaic module designed in this way enables the two different angles of the first reflective area and the second reflective area to be selected individually and to the respective external conditions, in particular the respective orientation of the surfaces intended for installation and the respective sun exposure the areas provided for installation must be taken into account. The first and second reflective areas form reflective areas which receive the sunlight via the transparent cover, reflect it and pass it on in the direction of the photovoltaic chip or concentrate it on the photovoltaic chip. The at least two reflective areas of the receiving trough thus form a reflector.

It should be noted here that the term horizontal plane of the housing relates to the base area or bottom surface of the housing and should in particular run parallel to the bottom surface of the housing. The term horizontal plane of the housing should not necessarily refer to the respective installation situation of the housing. For example, if the housing is installed vertically in a building, the horizontal plane of the housing can run perpendicular to the floor of the building.

According to embodiments of the invention, the angles of the different reflection areas can thus be individually adapted to the respective installation situation in the building. In particular, the angles of the reflection areas can be adapted in relation to the elevation and / or the azimuth.

Due to the different angles of the first reflective area and the second reflective area, the concentration or reflection effect and the efficiency of the concentrator photovoltaic module and the photovoltaic component can be increased in a simple, cost-effective and efficient manner.

The transparent cover of the surface-mountable housing is preferably made of glass, especially thin glass, e.g. Gorilla® glass or ultra-thin glass. According to another embodiment, the transparent cover can consist of plastic. According to preferred embodiments, the transparent or translucent cover allows the sunlight to pass as freely as possible into the reflector of the receptacle and is therefore designed as a flat surface according to embodiments. In cross section, the transparent cover is in particular rectangular, the thickness of the cover being selected to be as small as possible, for example 0.01 mm to 1 mm.

According to further embodiments, however, the transparent cover can also have a concave or convex shape and thus deflect and / or focus the sunlight. According to embodiments, the photovoltaic chip can be designed as a single or multiple solar cell, in particular as a triple solar cell (“triple junction”) or a quadruple solar cell (“quadruple junction”). According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the photovoltaic chip is a multi-junction solar cell made of a III-V semiconductor material, for example of gallium arsenide (GaAs) or gallium antimonide (GaSb). The photovoltaic chip is in particular a photovoltaic DIE, ie an unhoused piece of a semiconductor wafer, leads out.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic chip is arranged asymmetrically with respect to at least one vertical plane of symmetry of the housing. By means of such an asymmetrical arrangement of the photovoltaic chip in the housing, different angles of the first and second reflecting areas can be implemented in the housing in a particularly efficient and space-saving manner. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the first and the second reflecting area lie opposite one another in relation to a first vertical plane of symmetry of the photovoltaic chip. In other words, the first and the second reflective area are arranged on opposite sides of the photovoltaic chip.

Such an embodiment with opposing reflective surfaces with different union angles enables an improved concentration of sunlight on the photovoltaic chip, in particular in sunlight that does not fall parallel to the first vertical plane of symmetry of the photovoltaic chip.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the first angle and the second angle differ from one another by at least 10 °, in particular by at least 20 °. Different angles formed in this way are particularly advantageous when the Sonnenein radiation does not fall perpendicularly or symmetrically with respect to the perpendicular on the concentrator photovoltaic module. In such circumstances, such different angles enable an improved optical concentration of the reflector.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the first reflective area and the second reflective area are designed as a reflective coating of the receptacle. According to embodiments, such a coating can be applied to a base body of the surface-mountable housing, for example, by means of a corresponding coating process. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the first reflective area and the second reflective area are designed as a reflective film.

Such a reflective foil, for example a metal foil, can, according to embodiments, be applied to the base body made of plastic, for example by means of an appropriate adhesive process.

According to further embodiments of the invention, the receiving trough has side walls with a third and a fourth reflective area. The third reflective area is aligned at a third angle with respect to the horizontal plane of the housing and the fourth reflective area is aligned at a fourth angle with respect to the horizontal plane of the housing. According to further embodiments, the third angle is different from the fourth angle.

Such embodiments thus have four different reflection areas or reflection surfaces, which can each be aligned with individual and different angles with respect to the horizontal plane of the housing. With up to four different angles of the reflector, a further improvement in the concentration effect or reflection effect of the reflector can be made possible for the light or the solar radiation. Accordingly, according to embodiments of the invention, photovoltaic components can be manufactured for both vertical installation areas and thus installation areas that are unfavorable for solar radiation, as well as for almost horizontally arranged installation areas, such as for roof areas.

According to one embodiment, the third angle and the fourth angle are different by at least 10 °, in particular by at least 20 °.

According to embodiments of the invention, the housing is protected against solid foreign bodies and against liquids. According to embodiments, the housing has a scope of protection in accordance with the International Protection (IP code) against solid foreign bodies of at least 5 and a scope of protection against liquids of at least 5. A housing protected in this way ensures reliable and long-lasting operation even under adverse environmental conditions. The housing can in particular be protected in accordance with IP protection classes 65 to 68.

According to embodiments of the invention, the first reflective area, the second reflective area, the third reflective area and / or the fourth reflective area are each formed as a concave surface.

By means of such concave surfaces, the concentration effect of the reflective areas for the light or the solar radiation can be increased.

According to other embodiments of the invention, the first reflective area, the second reflective area, the third reflective area and / or the fourth reflective area are each designed as a flat surface. This is particularly advantageous in terms of production technology.

According to embodiments of the invention, the housing has an integrated bypass diode, in particular a Schottky diode. The bypass diode can in particular be integrated into the base body, which can in particular consist of plastic. Such an integration of the bypass diode in each individual housing achieves a particularly high level of reliability. If a photovoltaic chip is defective or not fully functional, the current can be diverted via the bypass diode and the functionality of the overall system is not or barely impaired.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a building or a device with one or more photovoltaic components according to one of the preceding claims.

The device can in particular be a vehicle, for example an automobile, a boat, a ship, a construction vehicle, an agricultural vehicle, a train or an airplane. The device can also be a container.

Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of a photovoltaic component according to the above embodiments for installation or attachment in or on a building, a vehicle, a container and other devices.

Brief description of the drawings

Further refinements, advantages and applications of the invention emerge from the dependent claims and from the description that follows with reference to the figures. Show: WO 2021/151522 PCT / EP2020 / 070227

FIG. la is a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 1b shows a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component according to a further embodiment of the invention;

FIG. lc an enlarged view of a concentrator photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a contact-making layer; FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of an array with concave mirrors according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of an array with concave mirrors and surface-mountable housings with integrated photovoltaic chips arranged above them;

FIG. 6a shows a plan view of a concave facet mirror with indentations according to an embodiment of the invention; FIG. 6b shows a further plan view of a facet concave mirror with indentations;

6c shows a side view or cross-sectional view of a facet concave mirror with indentations; FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a surface-mountable housing according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 8a is a cross-sectional view of a surface mount housing in an x-z plane;

FIG. 8b shows a cross-sectional view of the housing in a yz plane; WO 2021/151522 PCT / EP2020 / 070227

FIG. 8c shows a plan view of the housing in the x-y plane;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a surface mount housing with electrical contacts;

10a shows a photovoltaic component for a predominantly horizontal installation in a device;

10b shows a photovoltaic component with an inclined installation position;

10c shows a photovoltaic component for a predominantly vertical installation in a device;

FIG. 11 a plan view of a photovoltaic

Chip array;

FIG. 12 an array with a plurality of concave mirrors arranged flat in one plane; 13 shows an aircraft with several photovoltaic components integrated into the outer skin of the aircraft;

FIG. 14 shows a side view of a building with photovoltaic components;

FIG. 15 shows a top view of the building of FIG. 14;

FIG. Figure 16 shows a side view of a house with a flat roof;

Way (s) for carrying out the invention

FIG. 1a shows a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 in an xz plane according to an embodiment of the invention. The energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 has an outer pane 11 and a back plate 12. According to embodiments, the outer pane 11 can consist of glass or plastic. The outer disk 11 has According to embodiments, a high transmission in the desired wavelength range and can in particular be designed as a clear glass pane or as a non-colored plastic pane. According to embodiments of the invention, the outer pane 11 can consist of glass, such as, for example, soda-lime-silicate glass, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, or of plastic, such as, for example, polycarbonate or PMMA. According to embodiments of the invention, the outer pane 11 and the back plate 12 can have different thicknesses, and the outer pane 11 can be designed with or without thermal or chemical pretensioning. According to embodiments, the back plate 12 consists of plastic, in particular Kevlar, or of metal, in particular aluminum.

An energy-generating layer 15 is seen between the outer disk 11 and the back plate 12. The energy-generating layer 15 has a plurality of concentrator photovoltaic modules 20. The concentrator photovoltaic modules 20 have a hollow mirror 50 as the primary optics and a photovoltaic chip 22 which is integrated in a surface-mountable housing 30 on. The surface-mountable housing 30 has a transparent cover 36 (see FIG. 7) and an integrated reflector 23 as tertiary optics. The concave mirror 50 is arranged in the vertical direction, i.e. in the z-direction, between the photovoltaic chip 22 and the back plate 12.

The transparent cover 36 and an inlet opening 23a (see FIG. 7) of the integrated reflector 23 arranged under the transparent cover face the rear plate 12. In other words, the photovoltaic chip 22 is arranged downwards or the op-table opening of the surface-mountable housing 30 and the photovoltaic chip 22 is directed downwards in the direction of the back plate 12. A protective layer 18 for protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation is provided between the outer pane 11 and the energy-generating layer 15. This protective layer protects in particular the elements of the energy-generating layer, for example the surface-mountable housing 30 and the concave mirror 50, from UV radiation. This is particularly advantageous in embodiments in which the elements of the energy-generating layer 15 are made of plastic or have plastic. The UV protective layer 18 protects the plastic from aging.

According to one embodiment, the protective layer 18 can be designed as a film. According to another embodiment, the outer pane 11 can be coated as a UV protective layer.

In solar operation, the concave mirror 50 is configured to reflect sunlight falling through the outer pane 11 into the integrated reflector 23, and the reflector 23 is configured to concentrate the sunlight reflected by the concave mirror 50 onto the photovoltaic chip 22. The concave mirror 50 can be designed as a parabolic mirror or as a spherical concave mirror.

The corresponding beam path of the incident light is shown in FIG. la shown in dashed lines. It should be noted here that the representation of the course of the beam is roughly schematic in order to represent the principle.

The integrated reflector 23 concentrates or collects the sun light deflected by the concave mirror 50 onto the photovoltaic chip 22.

The energy-generating layer 15 comprises a contact-making layer 14 with conductor tracks. The contacting layer 14 can be designed, for example, as a circuit board, in particular as a flexible circuit board and in particular as a flexible and transparent film. The contacting layer 14 can be designed as a heat-dissipating foil.

The surface-mountable housings 30 can be arranged on the contacting layer 14 by means of soldering, in particular by means of reflow soldering, and are electrically connected to the photovoltaic chips 22.

According to embodiments of the invention, the energy-generating layer 15 or the spaces 15z of the energy-generating layer 15 can be transparent

Be filled with plastic. According to other embodiments of the invention, the energy-generating layer 15 or the spaces 15z of the energy-generating layer 15 can be designed as a vacuum.

FIG. lb shows a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 in an x-z plane according to a further embodiment of the invention. The photovoltaic component 10 largely corresponds to the photovoltaic component 10 of FIG. la.

According to the embodiment of FIG. 1b, the energy-generating layer 15 is connected to the outer pane 11 by means of a composite layer 17a. The composite layer 17a can in particular be designed as a lamination film and consist of plastic, e.g. of PVB or EVA. Such composite layers facilitate the production of the energy-generating photovoltaic component.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic components 10 can also have further layers, in particular foils. Thus, according to embodiments of the invention, a heat-absorbing film or a heat-dissipating film can be arranged behind or under the energy-generating layer 15.

According to embodiments, the films can be made transparent or partially transparent and applied as a lamination film. FIG. lc shows an enlarged representation of a concentrator photovoltaic module 20 with exemplary parallel incident light rays of the sun light 80, which from the concave mirror 50 on the transparent cover 36 and the reflector 23 of the surface-mountable housing 30 arranged below in concentrated or be reflected in a focused manner. The surface-mountable housings 30 are arranged in particular at the focal point of the concave mirror 50.

FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 in an x-z plane according to an embodiment of the invention.

In particular, FIG. 2 a plurality of parallel incident light beams 80 which are concentrated by means of the concave mirror 50 onto the surface-mountable housing 30 with the photovoltaic chips integrated therein.

FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a contacting layer 14, which can in particular be designed as a flexible film, e.g. as a lamination film. The contacting layer 14 has conductor tracks 14a which establish an electrical connection to the photovoltaic chips integrated into the housing 30 which can be surface-mounted.

FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of an array with concave mirrors 50 according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of an array with concave mirrors 50 and above that surface-mountable housings 30 with integrated photovoltaic chips arranged in each case at the focal point of the concave mirror 50.

FIG. 6a shows a plan view of a concave mirror 50 according to an embodiment of the invention. The concave mirror 50 has a surface with a large number of facets 51, which are designed as indentations or depressions 51 and are roughly schematically indicated. The concave mirror 50 is thus designed as a facet concave mirror.

FIG. 6b shows a further plan view of a concave mirror 50 according to an embodiment of the invention. The concave mirror 50 also has a surface with a plurality of indentations 51, which are shown roughly schematically.

FIG. 6c shows a side view or cross-sectional view of a concave mirror 50 with indentations 51 according to an embodiment of the invention.

The indentations 51 can have different shapes according to configurations. According to embodiments of the invention, the indentations 51 can in particular be designed in the form of a spherical cutout, e.g. a hemispherical cutout, or also in the form of parabolas of revolution. According to embodiments, the indentations or depressions 51 can be designed as concave or convex deformations of the surface.

According to other embodiments, the facets can be designed as planar, for example square, surfaces. The indentations 51 are configured according to the execution form to focus the incident sunlight and reduce the scattered light. This allows the efficiency or the concentration effect of the Hohlspie gel to be increased. According to embodiments, the indentations 51 are configured to direct light which strikes the concave mirror 50 at different angles onto the transparent cover of the surface-mountable housing. As a result, it can be achieved, in particular, that a sufficient amount of light is directed onto the photovoltaic chips at different positions of the sun in the course of the day. FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of the surface-mountable housing 30 in an xz plane according to an embodiment of the invention. According to this embodiment, the photovoltaic chip 22 is arranged symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane of symmetry 39 a of the housing 30.

The housing 30 comprises a base body 31. The base body 31 can in particular be made of plastic and manufactured, for example, by means of an injection molding process. The housing 30 or the base body 31 has a recess 32. The recess 32 forms or forms a receiving trough 33 with a ver deepened bottom portion 34 for receiving the photovoltaic chip 22. The photovoltaic chip 22 is designed according to preferred embodiments of the invention as a multi-junction solar cell, but can form according to other embodiments Invention can also be designed as a single junction solar cell. According to embodiments of the invention, a photovoltaic chip is understood to mean, in particular, a photovoltaic DIE, i.e. an unhoused piece of a semiconductor wafer with a multi-junction or single-junction solar cell.

The housing 30 has at least two electrical contacts for contacting the photovoltaic chip 22, which in FIG. 7 are not shown to simplify the illustration. The housing 30 also has a transparent cover 36 which closes the housing 30 and in particular the recess 32, in particular closes it in a waterproof and dustproof manner. The transparent cover 36 is made according to

Embodiments made of glass, in particular made of thin glass or ultra-thin glass. The housing 30 is preferably protected against solid foreign bodies and liquids by means of the transparent cover 36. For this purpose, the housing 36 can in particular be designed in accordance with IP protection class 66. According to embodiments, the housing 36 has a scope of protection in accordance with International Protection (IP code) against solid foreign bodies of at least 4 and a level of protection against liquids of at least 4. The transparent cover 36 can be attached to the housing 30, in particular to the base body 31, for example by means of ultrasonic welding.

The receiving trough 33 has side walls with reflective areas 35a and 35b. The receiving trough 33 forms a reflector 23 by means of the reflective areas. The reflector 23 represents a secondary optical system of the concentrator photovoltaic module 20 and is configured to function as a light collector or optical homogenizer. According to embodiments, the reflector 23 can be designed as a conical cylinder or as a conical parallelepiped. The reflector 23 has an entry opening or entry aperture 23a under the transparent cover 36. Furthermore, the reflector 23 has an exit opening or exit aperture 23b through which the light falls on the photovoltaic chip 22. The inlet opening 23a and the outlet opening 23b are shown schematically by dashed lines.

FIG. 8a shows a cross-sectional view of a surface-mountable housing 30 in an x-z plane according to a further embodiment of the invention. FIG. 8b shows a cross-sectional view of the surface mountable housing 30 in a y-z plane that is perpendicular to the x-z plane. FIG. 8c shows a top view of the surface-mountable housing in the x-y plane. The surface mount housing 30 is similar to that shown in FIG. 7 and accordingly has a base body 31 and a recess 32 which forms a receiving trough 33 with a recessed bottom section 34 for receiving the photovoltaic chip 22.

The receiving trough 33 has side walls with a first reflective area 35a and a second reflecting area 35b, a third reflecting area 35c and a fourth reflecting area 35d. The first reflecting portion 35a is cpl is aligned in egg ^¬ nem first angle relative to a horizontal xy plane 38 of the housing 30th The second re ^¬ inflected portion 35b is at a second angle cp2 of the housing 30 is oriented relative to the horizontal plane xy 38th The third reflective area 35c is oriented at a third angle cp3 with respect to the horizontal xy plane 38 of the housing 10. The fourth reflective area 35d is oriented at a fourth angle cp4 with respect to the horizontal xy plane 38 of the housing. According to the embodiment illustrated in the figures 8a to 8c embodiment the first angle to the second angle cpl un cp2, cp3 while the third angle and the fourth angle cp4 in that game ^¬ equal or approximately equal size are differently. According to other embodiments, the third angle cp3 and the fourth angle cp4 can also be of different sizes.

As can be seen in particular from Figures 8a and 8b of the photovoltaic chip 22 ASYMMET ^¬ driven arranged in relation to the vertical plane of symmetry 39a of the housing 30 while being arranged symmetrically in relation to the vertical plane of symmetry of the housing 39b 30th

As can be seen in particular from Figures 8a and 8c, the first reflective Be ^¬ rich 35a and the second reflecting portion 35b are in relation to the photovoltaic chip 22 opposite, and in particular with respect to a in FIG. First ver ^¬ Tikale symmetry plane 8c shown 22c of the photovoltaic chips 22nd

According to the example shown, the first angle is cpl about 65 ° and the second angle cp2 un ^¬ dangerous 35 °.

According to embodiments of the invention, the angles cpl, cp2, cp3 and cp4 lie in a range between 0 ° and 110 °. According to preferred embodiments of the invention, the first angle cp1 is in a range between 45 ° and 110 °, in particular in a range between 60 ° and 90 ° and is therefore relatively steep, while the second angle cp2 in a range between 0 ° and 45 °, in particular in a range between 10 ° and 35 °, and is therefore relatively flat.

Such a configuration is advantageous e.g. for photovoltaic modules which are intended for vertical installation. This makes it possible to significantly improve the power output of the photovoltaic module with vertical installation, in that the "lower" reflective surface in particular is more inclined in relation to the horizontal plane of the housing than the "upper" reflective surface.

According to embodiments, the first reflective area 35a, the second reflective area 35b, the third reflective area 35c and the fourth reflective area 35d are applied as a coating on the base body 31 of the receiving trough 33.

According to other embodiments, the first reflective area 35a, the second reflective area 35b, the third reflective area 35c and the fourth reflective area 35d are designed as reflective films, which are attached to the base body 31 of the receptacle 33, for example by means of gluing or other methods can be applied.

According to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 8a to 8c, the reflective areas 35a, 35b, 35c and 35d are each designed as flat surfaces, in particular as trapezoidal surfaces.

According to other non-illustrated embodiments, however, the reflective areas 35a, 35b, 35c and 35d can also have other shapes, in particular concave shapes and convex shapes. One such configuration module enables cpl the angle, CP2, CP3 and CP4 of the reflective Be rich 35a 35b to choose 35c and 35d individually and un ^¬ differently and to the respective alignment of the modules to the designated for installation surfaces and the resulting to take into account the corresponding sun exposure of the modules with regard to the elevation and / or the azimuth.

FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of a surface-mountable housing 30 in an xz plane according to an embodiment of the invention. In FIG. 9 the electrical connections of the module are shown in more detail. In particular, the surface-mountable housing 30 has a first electrical contact 22a and a second electrical contact 22b. The electrical rule contacts 22a, 22b are on opposite Be ^¬ th of the housing 30 arranged and constructed as so-called leads, which are embedded in the base body 31 made of plastic. The photovoltaic chip 22 is electrically connected to the leads of the electrical contacts 22a and 22b by means of wire bonding. The module 20 is thus designed as a surface-mountable module using SMD technology (Surface Mount Technology). The module 20 also has a bypass diode 45 integrated into the housing 30, which can in particular be designed as a Schottky diode. The bypass diode is connected in parallel to the photovoltaic chip 22 and accordingly connected on the one hand to the electrical contact 22a and on the other hand to the electrical contact 22b, likewise according to ^embodiments by means of wire bonding. The photovoltaic chip 22 can be electrically contacted, for example, with conductor tracks of the contacting layer 14 by means of soldering. Figures 10a to 10c show different ones

Installation situations of photovoltaic components 10 and the surface-mountable housings integrated therein. the Angles cp1 and cp2 relate to the angles of the reflective surfaces 35a, 35b of the reflectors 23 integrated in the housing 30.

The position of the sun 80 is shown in an exemplary manner in FIGS. 10a to 10c, e.g. at noon.

In addition, the course of the reflection surfaces 35a, 35b of the reflectors 23 are shown in FIGS. 10a to 10c in an exemplary schematic manner by means of simple lines. In addition, the hollow mirror 50 is shown as an example, which reflects or concentrates the incident sunlight 80 into the reflector 23.

Fig. 10a shows a photovoltaic component 10 which is intended for a predominantly horizontal installation in a building or a device, e.g. as a horizontal roof photovoltaic component. 10b shows a photovoltaic component 10 which is intended for inclined installation positions, for example between 20 ° and 80 °, for example for sloping roofs.

10c shows a photovoltaic component 10 which is intended for a predominantly vertical installation in a building or a device.

According to embodiments of the invention, the first angle cp1 and the second angle cp2 can each be individually adapted to the respective installation situation in order to optimize the light capture of the reflector 23 for the respective installation situation. While in a horizontal installation the first angle cp1 and the second angle cp2 are preferably chosen to be the same, in an inclined and a vertical installation the first angle cp1 and the second angle cp2 are preferably chosen to be different in order to capture light in relation to to increase the elevation of solar radiation.

FIG. 11 shows a top view of a photovoltaic chip array 1100. The photovoltaic chip array 1100 has a multiplicity of SMD housings 30 with integrated ones Photovoltaic chips and reflectors, which are soldered onto a printed circuit board or contact layer 14 designed as a film as surface-mounted components.

FIG. 12 shows an array 1200 according to an embodiment of the invention with a plurality of concave mirrors 50 arranged flat in a plane. The concave mirrors 50 are exemplified by circles.

The array 1200 can be prefabricated, with the individual concave mirrors being able to be connected directly to one another. The array 1200 prefabricated in this way can, according to one embodiment, be fastened to the back plate 12, for example by gluing, welding or by means of another fastening technique.

13 shows an aircraft 1300 with several photovoltaic components 10 integrated into the outer skin of the aircraft 1300.

FIG. 14 shows a side view of a building or house 1400. The building 1400 has a photovoltaic component 1410 on a sloping roof 1401 and a photovoltaic component 1411 on a vertical side wall 1402, which can be configured like the photovoltaic components 10 described above.

FIG. 15 shows a top view of the building 1400. It can be seen here that the building 1400 has a further photovoltaic component 1412 on the rear wall 1403 in addition to the photovoltaic component 1410 and the photovoltaic component 1411.

The position of the sun 80 is shown in an exemplary manner in FIGS. 14 and 15, for example at midday. In addition, the first angle cp1 and the second angle cp2 of the reflectors 23 of the individual photovoltaic components 1410 and 1411 are shown in FIG. 14 in an exemplary manner by means of dashed lines. In addition, the third angle cp3 and the fourth angle cp4 of the reflectors 23 of the individual photovoltaic components 1410 and 1412 are shown in FIG. 15 in an exemplary manner by means of dashed lines. The angles cpl, cp2, cp3 and cp4 relate again to the angles of the reflection surfaces of the reflectors 23 of the concentrator photovoltaic modules of the individual photovoltaic ^components integrated in the housing 30.

In the example of FIGS. 14 and 15, the individual photovoltaic components 1410, 1411 and 1412 each have different combinations of the individual angles cpl, cp2, cp3 and cp4. This makes it possible to its installation position of the systems in 1410, 1411 and 1412 be considered and the angle cpl, CP2, CP3 and cp4 opti ^¬ adapt to the Sun or solar cycle times to a maximum concentration effect or more integrated reflector 23 to achieve. The first angle and the second angle cp2 cpl are in accordance with embodiments of the invention in particular chosen so that they take into account the respective installation situation opti ^¬ times with respect to the elevation of the sun. The third angle and the fourth angle cp3 cp4 are in accordance with embodiments of the invention in particular chosen so that they take into account the respective installation situation opti ^¬ times with respect to the azimuth of the sun. So is in FIG. 15 also shows the orientation of the house in relation to the cardinal points. The house wall 1402 has an example of a south-east exposure and the back wall 1403 a southwest exposure. By suitable and individual choice of the angles cp3 and cp4 for the side wall 1402 and the rear wall 1403, the efficiency of the photovoltaic component can be improved.

FIG. 16 shows a side view of a house

1600 with a flat roof 1601. On the flat roof

1601, a photovoltaic component 1610 is attached, and a photovoltaic component 1611 is attached to a vertical side wall 1602.

The first angle cp1 and the second angle cp2 of the photovoltaic component 1610 are selected differently than the first angle cp1 and the second angle cp2 of the photovoltaic component 1410 of the in FIG. 14, in order to improve the reflector effect of the photovoltaic components.

Thus, according to embodiments of the invention, the photovoltaic components 10 can be used as energy-generating glass or plastic components for roof systems, flat roofs, industrial roofs, house roofs, facades and façade constructions.

17 shows a ship 1700 with several photovoltaic components (10) arranged on the surface of the ship. 18 shows an automobile 1800 according to a

Embodiment of the invention. The automobile 1800 has one or more photovoltaic components 10, for example as a roof surface. The automobile can in particular be designed as an electric vehicle or as a hybrid vehicle or as a fuel cell vehicle and accordingly has at least one electric drive, for example an electric motor 1801 and at least one battery 1802. The photovoltaic components 10 are configured for charging the battery 1802, for example. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the vehicle 1800 can also be designed without an electric drive and, for example, only have an internal combustion engine or some other drive. In In such a case, the photovoltaic components 10 can be used to feed the solar energy into the on-board network and thus to provide the electrical consumers or to charge a low-voltage battery to operate the vehicle electrical system.

According to further refinements of the invention, the photovoltaic components 10 can also be integrated or built into construction vehicles, agricultural vehicles, trains or containers. While preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the present application, it should be clearly pointed out that the invention is not restricted to these and can also be carried out in other ways within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

WO 2021/151522 PCT / EP2020 / 070227

Claims 1. Photovoltaic component (10), having an outer pane (11); and a back plate (12); characterized in that an energy-generating layer (15) with a plurality of concentrator photovoltaic modules (20) is arranged between the outer pane (11) and the back plate (12), the concentrator photovoltaic modules (20) having one Concave mirror (50) as primary optics; and a photovoltaic chip (22) which is integrated into a surface-mountable housing (30), where the surface-mountable housing (30) has a transparent cover (36) and an integrated reflector (23) as secondary optics; wherein the concave mirror (50) is arranged between the photovoltaic chip (22) and the back plate (12); and the transparent cover (36) and an inlet opening (23a) of the integrated reflector (23) of the back plate (12) face.

2. The photovoltaic component according to claim 1, wherein the concave mirror (50) is configured to reflect sunlight incident through the outer pane (11) into the integrated reflector (23); and the reflector (23) is configured to concentrate the sunlight reflected by the concave mirror (50) onto the photovoltaic chip (22).

3. Photovoltaic component according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the concave mirror (50) is designed as a parabolic mirror or as a spherical concave mirror.

4. Photovoltaic component according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the concave mirror (50) has a base body on which a reflective layer is applied by means of vapor deposition.

5. Photovoltaic component according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the base body consists of a Me tall, in particular aluminum, or of a plastic, in particular Kevlar.

6. Photovoltaic component according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the back plate (12) made of plastic, in particular Kevlar, or of metal, in particular aluminum, consists.

7. Photovoltaic component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer pane (11) is made of glass or plastic.

8. Photovoltaic component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer pane (11) has a transmittance of more than 80%, in particular of more than 90%.

9. Photovoltaic component according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the concave mirror (50) has a surface with a plurality of facets (51).

10. Photovoltaic component according to one of the foregoing claims, wherein the facets are formed as Einbuch lines (51) or depressions (51).

11. Photovoltaic component according to one of the foregoing claims, wherein the photovoltaic component (10) has a contacting layer (14) with conductor tracks for contacting the concentrator photovoltaic modules (20).

12. Photovoltaic component according to claim 11, where the contacting layer (14) is designed as a film, in particular as a laminating film.

13. Photovoltaic component according to claim 11 or

12, wherein the contacting layer (14) has a degree of transmission of more than 75%.

14. Photovoltaic component according to claim 12 or

13, characterized in that the film is designed as a heat-dissipating film.

15. Photovoltaic component according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the concentrator photovoltaic modules (20) are integrated into a transparent plastic material.

16. Photovoltaic component according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy-generating layer (15) is connected to the outer pane (11) by means of a composite layer (17a) made of plastic.

17. Photovoltaic component according to claim 16, where in the composite layer (17a) is a plastic film, in particular special made of PVB or EVA.

18. Photovoltaic component according to one of the foregoing claims, wherein the photovoltaic component (10) has a protective layer (18) for protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

19. Photovoltaic component according to one of the foregoing claims, wherein the protective layer (18) as Foil or as a coating of the outer pane (11) is formed.

20. photovoltaic component according to one of the forward reciprocating claims, characterized in that the housing (30) (33) From ^¬ forming saving (32) with a recessed bottom portion (34) for receiving the photovoltaic chip (22) has a a receptacle , wherein the receiving trough (33) has side walls with reflective areas (35a, 35b) which form the reflector (23).

Having 21 photovoltaic device according to claim 20, characterized in that the receptacle (33) side walls having we ^¬ nigstens a first and a second reflective region (35a, 35b), said first reflec ^¬ Rende portion (35a) at a first angle ( cp1) is aligned with respect to a horizontal plane (38) of the housing (30) and the second reflective area (35b) is aligned at a second angle (cp2) with respect to the horizontal plane (38) of the housing (30); and the first angle (cp1) is different from the second angle (cp2).

22. Photovoltaic component according to claim 21, where ^¬ in the receiving trough (33) has side walls with a third and a fourth reflective area (35c, 35d), the third reflective area (35c) at a third angle (cp3) with respect to the horizontal plane of the housing (30) is aligned and the fourth reflecting area (35d) at a fourth angle (CP4) with respect to the horizontal plane of the housing (30) is aligned, in particular the third angle under ^¬ is differently to the fourth angle.

23. Photovoltaic component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Housing (30) has an integrated bypass diode (45), in particular a special Schottky diode.

24. Photovoltaic component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the

Photovoltaic chip (22) is a multi-junction solar cell, in particular a multi-junction solar cell made of a III-V semiconductor material.

25. Photovoltaic component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the photovoltaic component (10) is designed as an energy-generating component for roof systems, flat roofs, industrial roofs, Hausdä- rather, facades, facade structures for buildings.

26. Building with one or more photovoltaic components (10) according to one of the preceding claims.

27. Device with one or more photovoltaic components (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device is in particular a vehicle or a container.

28. Use of a photovoltaic component according to one of claims 1 to 25 for installation or attachment in or on a building, a vehicle, a container and other devices.