EP4179554A1 - Elektrische leiter für leistungstransformatoren mit hoher elektrischer und thermischer leitfähigkeit - Google Patents

Elektrische leiter für leistungstransformatoren mit hoher elektrischer und thermischer leitfähigkeit

Info

Publication number
EP4179554A1
EP4179554A1 EP21743453.9A EP21743453A EP4179554A1 EP 4179554 A1 EP4179554 A1 EP 4179554A1 EP 21743453 A EP21743453 A EP 21743453A EP 4179554 A1 EP4179554 A1 EP 4179554A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal
phase
layer
copper
wire rod
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP21743453.9A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Roberto Preda
Vincenzo Tagliaferri
Nadia UCCIARDELLO
Silvio GENNA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Co Trafil Production Srl
Original Assignee
Co Trafil Production Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Co Trafil Production Srl filed Critical Co Trafil Production Srl
Publication of EP4179554A1 publication Critical patent/EP4179554A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
    • C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
    • C23C28/322—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2847—Sheets; Strips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/02—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of sheets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for manufacturing electrical conductors for power transformers with high electrical and thermal conductivity, enhanced through the deposition of copper and graphene.
  • the present invention relates to an industrial process for the production of conductors having a rectangular section in copper and/or aluminium coated with GNP graphene (Graphene NanoPlatelets) with different thicknesses, in order to increase thermal and electrical conductivity of said conductors, which are then used in all the windings for electrical machines, transformers, generators, motors and, in particular, the power transformers.
  • GNP graphene Graphene NanoPlatelets
  • the transformer i a static electric machine powered by alternating current, based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, intended to transform, between the primary circuit (input) and the secondary circuit (output) of the transformer, the voltage and current factors of the electric power.
  • the transformer therefore transfers the electric power from an electric circuit to another, which has a different voltage, coupling them inductively, without the transformer windings coming into contact with each other.
  • An electric current transformer in the primary winding generates a variable magnetic flux in the core of the transformer and consequently a variable magnetic field across the secondary winding (Faraday's law and Lenz's law).
  • This variable magnetic field induces an electromotive force, or voltage, in the secondary winding. This effect is called mutual induction.
  • the transformer is, therefore, a machine capable of operating essentially in alternating current, because it generally exploits the principles of electromagnetism linked to variable flows.
  • the efficiency of a transformer is very high and the losses are very low (in iron, due to the hysteresis and eddy currents, and in copper, due to the Joule effect).
  • a transformer To reduce the decrease in performance, a transformer must have the following characteristics: ⁇ Windings: o as few coils as possible o minimum length: the winding wire must be as short as possible; generally this depends on the section and shape of the core, square or (better still, where possible) circular. ⁇ Core: o a suitable section; o a length as short as possible; o in ferromagnetic material so as to have an electrical resistance as high as possible, to minimize losses due to the Joule effect and a coercive force as low as possible, in order to have a hysteresis cycle as tight as possible
  • Cooling the cooling is necessary to prevent the overheating of the transformer due to the dissipated power. It is particularly important in the transformers operating at high powers.
  • the cooling can be: o with air - typical solution of normal civil transformers and for small powers; o in oil bath - the transformers work in an oil bath in suitably shaped metal casings to facilitate heat dispersion; o in forced oil bath - compared to the oil bath system, there are also pumps for the forced circulation of the oil and a system of external fans to increase heat removal; o in resin - compared to the other systems, the windings are immersed in a special resin, which makes them dissipate the heat. This resin takes the place of oil. Size benefits can be gained from the resin transformer, since they are slightly smaller than an oil transformer.
  • transformers are recognized according to their cooling method.
  • the type of cooling is recognized by a code consisting of two or four letters (two, if the transformer has a single cooling; four, if the cooling is double).
  • the first letter shows what type of substance is being used for cooling (e.g. oil, resin, air)
  • the second letter shows the type of fluid circulation inside the transformer (natural or forced circulation).
  • transformer types are recognized:
  • WO20 14/ 141071 reports a method for the preparation of coated metal foams (through an electrodeposition process) with a metal matrix and graphene.
  • EP0859381A1 mentions an electrical conductor for the low voltage windings (and high currents), which allows greater heat exchange, maintaining the same performance as a transformer, which has, however, a much greater encumbrance. This allows the manufacturing of a power transformer having reduced dimensions, thus saving large quantities of copper during the construction of said transformer.
  • the present invention relates to a process for manufacturing electrical conductors for power transformers with high electrical and thermal conductivity, enhanced through the deposition of copper and graphene.
  • the present invention relates to an industrial process for the production of conductors having a rectangular section in copper and/or aluminium coated with GNP graphene (Graphene NanoPlatelets) with different thicknesses, in order to increase thermal and electrical conductivity of said conductors which are then used in all the windings for electrical machines, transformers, generators, motors and in particular the power transformers.
  • GNP graphene Graphene NanoPlatelets
  • a metal wire rod is drawn with special synthetic diamond and/or tungsten carbide dies, using an emulsion bath of water and oil. The drawing step is necessary to reduce the diameter of said metal wire rod until a circular section having a diameter of 1.8 mm is reached.
  • a metal wire rod is defined as a round object made of metallic material, which usually has a cylindrical shape. Said metal wire rod:
  • • is made of a metal selected from the group comprising: aluminium, silver, nickel, gold, copper and/or their alloys; preferred are copper and aluminium.
  • Phase 2 - Laminating and edging The metal wire rod obtained at the end of phase 1 is shaped through a laminating and edging process to obtain a metal strip (having a rectangular section) that complies with the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) tolerance standards and has the following characteristics:
  • the metal strip obtained at the end of phase 2 is subjected to a thermal cooking cycle, optionally having the following temperatures and the following time intervals: cooking at a temperature of 550°C for a period of time of 4 hours (parameters usually used for copper strips), using an electric oven for static cooking in an inert atmosphere (nitrogen), to restore the metal to a soft and malleable physical state.
  • a thermal cooking cycle optionally having the following temperatures and the following time intervals: cooking at a temperature of 550°C for a period of time of 4 hours (parameters usually used for copper strips), using an electric oven for static cooking in an inert atmosphere (nitrogen), to restore the metal to a soft and malleable physical state.
  • Step 1 - the metal strip is coated with a “first metal layer”, deposited using a physical deposition technique (PVD/physical vapor deposition) or with a chemical deposition technique (CVD/ chemical vapor deposition), as described in Adv. Mater. 2000, 12, No. 9;
  • Step 2 - on the first metal layer of step 1 a “second metal layer (or its alloys) and graphene” is deposited/ stratified, using the electrodeposition described in W02014141071, wherein the metal associated with the graphene can be the same or different from the one used in step 1 ;
  • Step 3 - on the second “metal and graphene” layer of step 2 a “third metal layer” (or its alloys) is deposited/ stratified through a further electrodeposition process as described W02014141071, or a chemical or physical vapor deposition process using the PVD or CVD procedure as described in http:/ / www. mag- data. com/ dettaqli-tecnici/ introduuite-ai-film-polimerici/ ; Journal of Materials Chemistry C Volume 4 Number 37, 7 October 2016, Pages 8585-8830; and/or Adv. Mater. 2000, 12, No. 9.
  • the metal material of the first, the second and third layer is selected from the group comprising: aluminium, silver, nickel, gold, copper and/or their alloys; the metal of the first layer can be the same of different from the second layer, which can in turn be the same of different from the metal of the third layer.
  • the electrodeposited metal strip obtained at the end of phase 4 is insulated through a taping process, using a material selected from the group comprising: pure cellulose paper for oil impregnation, aramid paper, mica tape and/or polyamide tape. Phase 6 - Coupling the metal strips thus obtaining the power transformer.
  • the strips obtained at the end of phase 5 are grouped or coupled (depending on the transformer to be made) in helical windings, disc windings or other types of windings, thus obtaining the desired power transformer.
  • Said power transformer can be used in the industrial, industrial, energy, naval and / or aerospace field and having better characteristics of electrical and thermal conductivity, dissipated power and efficiency compared to current transformers on the market.
  • the metal strip obtained at the end of phase 5 which can be used for the construction of windings for electrical machines, transformers, generators and / or motors.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Non-Insulated Conductors (AREA)
EP21743453.9A 2020-07-13 2021-07-12 Elektrische leiter für leistungstransformatoren mit hoher elektrischer und thermischer leitfähigkeit Withdrawn EP4179554A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102020000016903A IT202000016903A1 (it) 2020-07-13 2020-07-13 Conduttori elettrici per trasformatori di potenza ad elevata conducibilità elettrica e termica.
PCT/EP2021/069298 WO2022013138A1 (en) 2020-07-13 2021-07-12 Electrical conductors for power transformers with high electrical and thermal conductivity

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4179554A1 true EP4179554A1 (de) 2023-05-17

Family

ID=72644753

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21743453.9A Withdrawn EP4179554A1 (de) 2020-07-13 2021-07-12 Elektrische leiter für leistungstransformatoren mit hoher elektrischer und thermischer leitfähigkeit

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4179554A1 (de)
IT (1) IT202000016903A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2022013138A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20240047096A1 (en) * 2022-08-03 2024-02-08 Infineon Technologies Austria Ag Graphene in electromagnetic systems

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3419835A (en) * 1967-03-29 1968-12-31 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrical winding structures
IT1290307B1 (it) 1997-02-13 1998-10-22 Invex Fili Isolati Speciali S Cavo trasposto per la realizzazione di avvolgimenti in macchine elettriche,suo procedimento di realizzazione,e metodo di realizzazione
DE10339867B4 (de) * 2003-08-25 2007-12-27 Leibniz-Institut Für Festkörper- Und Werkstoffforschung Dresden E.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung von metallischen Flachdrähten oder Bändern mit Würfeltextur
ITRM20130146A1 (it) 2013-03-12 2014-09-13 Stefano Guarino Elettrodeposizione su schiume metalliche
CN103943226A (zh) * 2014-05-09 2014-07-23 浙江大学 一种具有镍-石墨烯复相护层的电线电缆及其制备方法
EP3053688B1 (de) * 2015-02-06 2019-10-09 Agie Charmilles SA Graphenelektrode und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Elektrode
IT201700020695A1 (it) * 2017-03-14 2018-09-14 Vincenzo Tagliaferri Nuovi cavi elettrici o di trasmissione dati dotati di elevata conducibilità elettrica e/o di elevata velocità di trasmissione dati.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT202000016903A1 (it) 2022-01-13
WO2022013138A1 (en) 2022-01-20

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