EP4179288A1 - Verfahren zur ermittlung des widerstandes eines prüfkörpers sowie prüfvorrichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur ermittlung des widerstandes eines prüfkörpers sowie prüfvorrichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4179288A1 EP4179288A1 EP21746329.8A EP21746329A EP4179288A1 EP 4179288 A1 EP4179288 A1 EP 4179288A1 EP 21746329 A EP21746329 A EP 21746329A EP 4179288 A1 EP4179288 A1 EP 4179288A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- propellant charge
- propellant
- combustion products
- particles
- test body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/313—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by explosives
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for determining the resistance of a test specimen to released substances and high temperature as a result of damage or other defects in an electrical storage medium, and a device for carrying out the method.
- Electrical storage media include rechargeable and non-rechargeable storage elements, also known as secondary and primary cells. While rechargeable storage elements are becoming increasingly important, particularly in the automotive sector, the demands placed on all storage media are constantly increasing. For example, increasing energy densities (Wh/l) and specific energies (Wh/kg) are being demanded. In addition, a high cell voltage and a long shelf life are important, without excessive self-discharge occurring.
- lithium batteries The requirements are met in particular by lithium batteries.
- Batteries are usually interconnected individual cells, with a series connection increasing the electrical voltage and a parallel connection increasing the capacity. In both cases the total energy content (Wh) increases.
- a lithium ion battery consists of a cathode (eg a lithium metal oxide compound) and an anode (eg a lithium graphite) which are placed in a conductive electrolyte. There is a non-conductive separator between both poles to prevent short circuits.
- a cathode eg a lithium metal oxide compound
- anode eg a lithium graphite
- electric current flows uncontrolled and high energy is released within a very short time, which is converted into heat in particular.
- the exothermic reaction resulting from the short circuit can also heat up further, resulting in a so-called "thermal runaway”. This decomposes the electrolyte and triggers a kind of chain reaction.
- Combustible gas such as methane, ethane, ethene or hydrogen can form from the binder of the electrolyte, which forms a flammable mixture with oxygen. If the battery cell bursts due to the excessive internal pressure, the lithium can ignite due to the humidity and in turn react strongly exothermally. In addition, the layered structure of the metal oxide can be dissolved by the resulting heat, and escaping oxygen reacts with lithium, resulting in a metal fire.
- the emitted particles can be particles of lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, iron or phosphate in various concentrations, sizes and combinations, which are produced as a result of the decomposition of the cathode material.
- Metal oxides, iron phosphate and cobalt oxide can be used as cathode materials in lithium systems.
- thermal propagation a temperature transmission from cell to cell. If a cell is in thermal runaway and then overheats, it also gives off some of the heat to surrounding cells. Reaches the separator one of the cells reaches its melting point, a short circuit occurs in the cell and also leads to thermal runaway. Due to the enormous heat, these reactions can spread very quickly, so that all cells burst within a short time.
- Battery housings as well as partitions for individual cells must therefore be made of a material that can withstand thermal runaway.
- the material tests carried out for this purpose are very complex. They are based on deliberately destroying individual batteries by squeezing the anode and cathode together until they short-circuit, which creates a short-circuit. Alternatively, the anode and cathode are pierced with a conductive mandrel and thus short-circuited. However, both tests have the disadvantage that the battery must first be acted upon mechanically in order to then check how the burn-up behavior affects it.
- the automotive industry has clear requirements for the housing of batteries in electric vehicles, according to which the housing must withstand a particle impact from the first damaged cell and a subsequent fire from thermal runaway for at least a specified period of time.
- a battery must not burn or explode within 5 minutes of a cell thermal runaway.
- Special battery requirements also apply to electric buses.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide such a method with which various test specimens in different configurations can be tested for their resistance to particle impact and high temperatures, such as occur when a battery cell and in particular a lithium battery burst.
- the result of a Such a test should provide information as to whether the respective test specimens in their respective design are suitable for the production of housings for certain storage media and/or for sealing off individual cells of these storage media.
- the respective object is achieved by a method with the features from the characterizing part of claim 1 or by a device with the features from the characterizing part of claim 8.
- test specimens 2 all objects that are suitable for reducing or avoiding the effects of a particle impact and consequential fires in electrical storage media can be considered as test specimens 2 .
- test specimens 2 are metal test specimens.
- test specimens 2 can also consist of other materials, for example plastic or fiber-reinforced plastic.
- the test body 2 due to the targeted action of combustion products, assumes a state that is at least partially comparable to a state that occurs when the electrical storage medium bursts.
- Each cell can therefore cause damage to a test specimen 2 that is typical for it (a typical state).
- cylindrical cells of types 18650, 21700, 26650 and 32600 usually produce a different damage pattern than prismatic cells or pouch cells.
- the specific damage pattern is known, it can be used as a type of calibration sample in order to produce a propellant charge which, when it burns, produces combustion products that produce a comparable damage pattern on the test specimen 2 .
- Tests can then be carried out with propellant charges produced in this way in order to test other test specimens 2 . If test specimens withstand the "bombardment", it can be assumed that this test specimen also offers sufficient protection against the corresponding electrical storage medium.
- the test specimen 2 is often affected in places. As described above, when a battery cell bursts, a small hole often forms in the battery housing wall, through which hot gases and particles escape. As a result, the test specimen is damaged in places as well as by the combustion products after burning a propellant charge.
- the propellant charge contains a propellant and bombardment particles. If only the bursting of a small cell is to be simulated, it is often sufficient to use just one propellant as the propellant charge.
- Typical propellants are chemical substances such as black powder, which are also found in pyrotechnic products are. In order to determine the resistance of a test specimen to the phenomena occurring when larger cells burst, it may be necessary to provide the propellant charge with bombardment particles in addition to a propellant. This allows larger forces to be simulated.
- the proportion of bombardment particles in relation to the propellant charge is 1-50% by weight, preferably 1-20% by weight, for example 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 , 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20% by weight.
- the specified net explosive mass represents the total mass of the propellant charge that can contain bullet particles.
- the bombardment particles are preferably metal particles, such as titanium particles, which are 0.05-0.6 mm in size.
- the specified amount of propellant determines the burning time.
- different calibers are used. They indicate the inner diameter of the respective propellant charge holder 5, 6.
- Test specimens 2 do not necessarily have a flat surface. Rather, individual test specimens 2 can have surface structures or specific shapes that form special points of attack for the energy released when an electrical storage medium bursts and for particle impact.
- the propellant charge is accommodated in an adjustable propellant charge holder 5, 6 which is open on one side and is directed towards the test body 2 with its opening 13, 14. Due to the adjustability of the propellant charge holder 5, 6, it is possible to allow combustion products to impinge on the test body 2 at different angles. As a result, test specimens 2 can also be examined for their stability at particularly critical points.
- the burning time of the propellant charge is adjusted via the amount of propellant. This makes it possible to better simulate the so-called “thermal runaway” and to increase the temperature on the surface of the test body 2 .
- titanium particles as bombardment particles. Although other metal particles can also be used, titanium particles offer the advantage that they only melt at 1668 °C, are very solid and have highly abrasive properties.
- a device 1 for carrying out the method described above characterized by a holding device 3 for a test body 2, a device 4 for attaching and positioning at least one propellant charge holder 5, 6, which is designed to accommodate a propellant charge is, and a base frame 7, on which the device 4 is arranged by means of a metal profile 12 to be displaceable relative to the holding device 4.
- the propellant charge holder 5, 6 is arranged such that it can pivot and can be fixed in various setting positions, so that the test body 2 can be subjected to combustion products from various angles.
- FIG. 2 shows a section A-A through the device 1 according to FIG.
- Fig. 3 propellant holders 5, 6 in detail in a schematic side view
- the device 1 has a holding device 3 for a test specimen 2, a device 4 for attaching and positioning at least one propellant charge holder 5, 6, which is designed to accommodate a propellant charge, and a base frame 7, on which the device 4 is arranged displaceably relative to the holding device 3 .
- the test body 2 is not shown in this figure.
- the holding device 3 has two horizontally arranged supports 8, 9, which are used to hold the test specimen 2.
- the two carriers 8, 9 are connected to the base frame 7 via two metal profiles 17, 18 and can be moved up and down on the metal profiles 17, 18 and fixed in any desired position.
- test specimens 2 of different sizes can be clamped between the carriers 8, 9.
- the device has a metal profile 12 on which propellant charge holders 5, 6 are attached.
- the propellant charge holders 5, 6 have openings 13, 14 which can be directed to the specimen 2.
- the propellant charge holders 5, 6 are pivotally connected to U-profiles 15, 16.
- the propellant charge holders 5, 6 are designed to hold propellant charges. They can be of different sizes. Internal calibers of 12 and 22 mm have proven their worth.
- the propellant charges contain propellant and, where appropriate, bombardment particles. Regarding For further details on the propellant charges, reference is made to the above statements in connection with the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a section A-A through the device 1 according to FIG. 1.
- the device 4 for receiving the propellant charge holders 5, 6 is attached to the metal profile 12.
- FIG. The device 4 is adjustable in height. By setting the device 4 accordingly, the individual propellant charge holders 5, 6 can be positioned such that the combustion products escaping from an individual propellant charge holder 5, 6 strike the test specimen 2 perpendicularly—also not shown in this figure. It is also possible here to vary the distance between the test body 2 and the propellant charge holder 5, 6 by moving the metal profile 12 on the base frame 7.
- Fig. 3 shows propellant charge holders in detail in a schematic side view.
- a plate-shaped element is shown here as the test specimen 2, the propellant charge holders 5, 6 being directed towards the middle region of this element.
- the propellant charge holders 5, 6 are each connected to the device 4 via a holding arm 19, 20. Due to the pivotability of the propellant charge holders 5, 6, combustion products can impinge on the test body 2 at different angles.
- FIGS. 1-3 illustrate the adjustment options for individual elements or devices.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020118072.1A DE102020118072B4 (de) | 2020-07-08 | 2020-07-08 | Prüfvorrichtung |
| PCT/DE2021/200088 WO2022008012A1 (de) | 2020-07-08 | 2021-07-02 | Verfahren zur ermittlung des widerstandes eines prüfkörpers sowie prüfvorrichtung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4179288A1 true EP4179288A1 (de) | 2023-05-17 |
Family
ID=77071150
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21746329.8A Pending EP4179288A1 (de) | 2020-07-08 | 2021-07-02 | Verfahren zur ermittlung des widerstandes eines prüfkörpers sowie prüfvorrichtung |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4179288A1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE102020118072B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022008012A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE202022104904U1 (de) * | 2022-05-23 | 2023-08-25 | Wpx Faserkeramik Gmbh | Prüfvorrichtung zur Bestimmung der zeitlichen Durchbrennbeständigkeit eines Prüflings |
| DE102023000885A1 (de) | 2023-03-08 | 2024-02-22 | Mercedes-Benz Group AG | Prüfvorrichtung für einen Prüfkörper |
| DE102023111775A1 (de) | 2023-05-05 | 2024-11-07 | Elringklinger Ag | Verfahren, System und Verwendung zur Ermittlung der Beständigkeit eines Materials und/oder eines Prüfkörpers |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1446965C1 (de) | 1964-09-20 | 1971-09-16 | Nitrochemie Ges Mit Beschraenk | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Simulierung von Druck und Temperatur von Explosionen |
| DE10249725A1 (de) | 2002-10-25 | 2004-05-06 | Bayer Ag | Vorrichtung zur Prüfung der Kratzfestigkeit von Oberflächen |
| WO2006096549A2 (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2006-09-14 | Omniprobe, Inc. | Apparatus and method for automated stress testing of flip-chip packages |
| CN106052491B (zh) * | 2016-06-22 | 2018-06-08 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | 一种模拟爆炸冲击波和高速破片群联合载荷作用试验方法 |
| CN206095593U (zh) | 2016-07-29 | 2017-04-12 | 深圳市瑞德丰精密制造有限公司 | 电池顶盖的爆破翻转值测试设备 |
| CN109975142A (zh) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-05 | 公安部第一研究所 | 一种板材产品非接触爆炸冲击波超压测试系统及方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-07-08 DE DE102020118072.1A patent/DE102020118072B4/de not_active Revoked
-
2021
- 2021-07-02 DE DE112021003757.9T patent/DE112021003757A5/de active Pending
- 2021-07-02 EP EP21746329.8A patent/EP4179288A1/de active Pending
- 2021-07-02 WO PCT/DE2021/200088 patent/WO2022008012A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2022008012A1 (de) | 2022-01-13 |
| DE102020118072B4 (de) | 2022-04-28 |
| DE112021003757A5 (de) | 2023-05-11 |
| DE102020118072A1 (de) | 2022-01-13 |
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