EP4179013A1 - Matériaux peints et pouvant être peints présentant des surfaces structurées - Google Patents

Matériaux peints et pouvant être peints présentant des surfaces structurées

Info

Publication number
EP4179013A1
EP4179013A1 EP21740029.0A EP21740029A EP4179013A1 EP 4179013 A1 EP4179013 A1 EP 4179013A1 EP 21740029 A EP21740029 A EP 21740029A EP 4179013 A1 EP4179013 A1 EP 4179013A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
amino groups
structured
containing amino
vinyl
radiation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21740029.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Frank Kemmerling
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fritz Egger GmbH and Co OG
Original Assignee
Fritz Egger GmbH and Co OG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fritz Egger GmbH and Co OG filed Critical Fritz Egger GmbH and Co OG
Publication of EP4179013A1 publication Critical patent/EP4179013A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
    • C08J7/12—Chemical modification
    • C08J7/16—Chemical modification with polymerisable compounds
    • C08J7/18—Chemical modification with polymerisable compounds using wave energy or particle radiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
    • C08J7/12—Chemical modification
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/28—Treatment by wave energy or particle radiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
    • C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C08L79/06—Polyhydrazides; Polytriazoles; Polyamino-triazoles; Polyoxadiazoles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
    • B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2347/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2361/00—Characterised by the use of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2361/20—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
    • C08J2361/26—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with heterocyclic compounds
    • C08J2361/28—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with heterocyclic compounds with melamine
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/16—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements of fibres or chips, e.g. bonded with synthetic resins, or with an outer layer of fibres or chips
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/18—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements of organic plastics with or without reinforcements or filling materials or with an outer layer of organic plastics with or without reinforcements or filling materials; plastic tiles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/10—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
    • E04F15/102—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials of fibrous or chipped materials, e.g. bonded with synthetic resins
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/10—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
    • E04F15/105—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials of organic plastics with or without reinforcements or filling materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/10—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
    • E04F15/107—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials composed of several layers, e.g. sandwich panels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to materials with structured surfaces made from plastics containing amino groups, which are particularly suitable for subsequent painting, structured surfaces made from plastics containing amino groups which have been painted, processes for their production, and the use of vinyl functionalization in the painting of structured surfaces plastics containing amino groups.
  • an impregnated decorative paper (so-called impregnate) is produced by printing the desired decor (wood grain, ceramic, mosaic, tile, etc.) onto a paper web and this then impregnated with amino resin.
  • the impregnate obtained in this way can be rolled up onto a roll or placed in sheets and stored.
  • a carrier board eg MDF, HDF, chipboard or the like
  • the impregnate and, if necessary, further aminoplast resin-impregnated underlay and overlay papers are placed on the carrier board and then pressed with the wood-based panel in a press under the influence of heat.
  • the upper press plate of the press can be provided with a matrix as a relief, which advantageously matches the decoration.
  • depressions are then formed in the aminoplast resin surface through the corresponding imprints of the pressing plate, which imitate, for example, the surface of a wooden board, the roughness of a natural stone floor or the joints of laid tiles or mosaic stones in order to form a surface on the wood-based material board that is as lifelike as possible.
  • the surface of the aminoplast resin layer forms the negative structure of the press plates used. In a similar way, other material surfaces made of plastics containing amino groups can also be structured during production.
  • amino resins can also be applied in powder form and pressed with carriers, or a carrier can be separately coated with an amino resin or another plastic containing amino groups.
  • Materials that already consist of plastics containing amino groups or contain them as a binder can also be provided with a structured surface.
  • decorative structures can also be created using lamination, calendering, etching, lasering or three-dimensional printing.
  • a disadvantage of the prior art has hitherto been the poor paintability of surfaces made of plastics containing amino groups and provided with decorative structures.
  • Current radiation-curing paints adhere poorly to plastic surfaces containing amino groups.
  • primer layers or primers must be applied as adhesion promoter layers before the actual painting of the plastic surface with radiation-curing paints can take place.
  • special primer layers or hot-melt adhesives have been developed, for example, which are applied directly to the aminoplast resin surfaces and can then serve as the basis for one or more further paint layers.
  • an underlying structure of the surface is lost during painting (see FIG. 5b).
  • plastics containing amino groups in general and amino resins in particular have good hardness, chemical resistance and heat and fire resistance.
  • surface properties there are also disadvantages in terms of surface properties.
  • the high degree of gloss also means that aminoplast resin surfaces are optically very susceptible to soiling of an organic nature, such as food residues, grease and, above all, fingerprints. Such soiling is very easily noticed on high-gloss plastic surfaces and affects the decorative effect or makes the surface appear dirty and unhygienic.
  • aminoplast resin surfaces are partially coated over.
  • the wood and furniture industry is one of the largest consumers of matt, matt or semi-matt UV coatings specially developed for this branch of industry. Synthetic silicic acids, for example, are used as matting agents. However, with UV coatings it is also possible to achieve matt effects physically, ie without adding matting agents. So-called excimer UV curing can be used to create particularly microstructured and therefore matt surfaces (see e.g. Jorge and Kiene. Wood coating. FARBE UND LACK, 2019, pp. 132-133).
  • Plastic surfaces containing amino groups, and in particular melamine surfaces, are sometimes perceived by consumers as artificial because they "feel cold”. This can also be improved by structuring the surface or painting over it.
  • a coating can also be used to advantageously adjust the mechanical and chemical surface properties.
  • plastic surfaces containing amino groups have comparatively poor UV, weathering and microscratch resistance.
  • aminoplast resin surfaces are often overcoated with more resistant UV coating systems.
  • UV topcoats with very high paint hardness and scratch resistance are known from the field of parquet coating.
  • the object of the present invention was therefore to achieve structured paint surfaces on material substrates made of plastics containing amino groups in a simple and inexpensive manner.
  • the invention provides a material with a structured surface made of a plastic containing amino groups, in which at least some of the amino groups on the structured surface of the plastic containing amino groups have been covalently functionalized with vinyl groups by grafting on a functionalizing reagent.
  • This surface functionalization makes it possible to dispense with a primer layer or primer.
  • the structured surface according to the invention can be painted directly. For this reason, this first subject matter of the invention is also referred to herein as “paintable material”.
  • the paintable material according to the invention can be produced by the method also provided by the invention, which comprises the following steps: a) providing a material with a structured surface made of a plastic containing amino groups, b) covalently functionalizing the structured surface with vinyl groups
  • Functionalization reagent which has at least one vinyl group and has at least one further group which is reactive towards the amino groups of the plastic containing amino groups and (ii) carrying out a chemical reaction to produce a covalent bond between the second reactive group of the functionalizing reagent and an amino group on the structured surface of the plastic containing amino groups, whereby a vinyl group covalently modified structured surface is obtained.
  • the advantage of the paintable material provided by the invention is that it can be painted with a correspondingly thinner paint layer by dispensing with a primer layer or primer, whereby the structure originally present in the substrate is retained after painting.
  • lacquer surfaces structured in this way can be produced on plastics containing amino groups in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner.
  • the invention also provides a painted material with a structured paint surface, which can be obtained by painting the paintable material according to the invention.
  • the process for producing the coated material according to the invention comprises the steps:
  • the invention therefore also includes, in particular, the use of a vinyl functionalization as a replacement for a primer layer or base coat when coating structured surfaces made of plastic containing amino groups.
  • a significant reduction in the thickness of the paint layer can be achieved, making it possible for the first time to paint structured substrates while retaining the surface structure.
  • plastic containing amino groups any plastic that has primary and/or secondary amino groups in the molecular structure.
  • Plastic is to be understood according to its usual meaning as a polymeric material. Unless otherwise specified herein, "plastic” or “resin” always means a solid, cured condensation product.
  • the plastic containing amino groups has primary amino groups. These can be located in particular at the ends of the polymer molecule.
  • the plastic containing amino groups has secondary amino groups.
  • the functionalization according to the invention also works very well with these. In one embodiment, the functionalization takes place via the secondary amino groups of the plastic containing amino groups.
  • Plastics containing amino groups are known to those skilled in the art. These can be selected, for example, from the group consisting of amino resins, aminopolysiloxanes, polyvinylamines, polyalkyleneimines, amine-modified epoxy resins and polyurethanes with terminal amino groups.
  • the plastic containing amino groups is an amino resin, in particular a melamine-formaldehyde resin.
  • Aminoplast resins are very versatile plastics that are used in a wide variety of compositions and forms.
  • a layer of amino resin typically a melamine-formaldehyde resin in practice
  • amino resins are also usually used as impregnating resins or binders for the underlying layers.
  • Aminoplast resins are generally known to those skilled in the art, in addition to impregnating, soaking and/or coating surfaces, especially as glues, for example for the production of chipboard or fibreboard.
  • surfaces made of plastics containing amino groups occur.
  • amino resins can also be applied in powder form to carrier materials and pressed with them. All of these uses of amino resins known to those skilled in the art lead to materials with surfaces made of a plastic containing amino groups within the meaning of the invention.
  • aminoplast resins or aminoplasts are described in "Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry", 4th edition, 1974, in the chapter “Aminoplaste” in Volume 7 or in “Holzinstrumente und Leime” by Dunky and Niemz, 1st edition, 2002, in Volume 1, Part 11, Chapter 1 described.
  • the term aminoplasts is generally understood to mean condensation products which are obtained by reacting a carbonyl compound, usually formaldehyde in practice, with a component containing amino, imino or amide groups.
  • the amino resins are melamine-formaldehyde resins. These include all amino resins that are formed at least from melamine and formaldehyde, ie, for example, the melamine-urea-formaldehyde resins. The latter are amino resins formed at least from melamine, urea and formaldehyde. In addition to melamine and formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde resins can also contain other components, in particular other components containing carbonyl and amino, imino or amide groups, and also additives and/or solvents.
  • Melamine-formaldehyde resins which are also referred to simply as melamine resin or melamine surfaces by those skilled in the art, have become established as surfaces in particular in the manufacture of furniture and in materials for interior design. Here in particular there is a great need for both structured and painted surfaces, as explained at the beginning. The situation explained at the outset is particularly relevant in the case of melamine-containing amino resin surfaces Problem of the undesired degree of gloss and the associated artificial look and feel in particular.
  • Polyvinylamines are polymer-analogous reactions such as by hydrolysis of poly-N-vinylamides such as poly-N-vinylformamide or poly-N-vinylacetamide, or poly-N-vinylimides such as poly-N-vinylsuccinimide, prepared by the polymerization of the corresponding Monomers are readily available, or prepared from polyacrylamide by Hofmann degradation.
  • Polyalkyleneimines are polymers having an N-atom-containing backbone linked by alkylene groups, which backbone can carry alkyl groups on the non-N atoms.
  • the polyalkyleneimine preferably has primary amino functions at the ends and preferably both secondary and tertiary amino functions in the interior; if appropriate, it can also have only secondary amino functions in the interior, so that the result is not a branched-chain but a linear polymer.
  • the ratio of primary to secondary amino groups in the polyalkyleneimine is preferably in the range from 1:0.5 to 1:1.5, in particular in the range from 1:0.7 to 1:1.
  • the ratio of primary to tertiary amino groups in the polyalkyleneimine is preferably in the range from 1:0.2 to 1:1, in particular in the range from 1:0.5 to 1:0.8.
  • Amino-epoxy resins are obtained by reacting epoxy resins with polyamines as hardeners, the reaction conditions being chosen such that terminal amino groups remain in the resin after the reaction.
  • Epoxy resins are synthetic resins that carry epoxy groups. They are hardenable resins (reactive resins) that can be converted with a hardener and, if necessary, other additives to form a thermosetting plastic.
  • the epoxy resins are polyethers, usually with two terminal epoxy groups.
  • the hardening agents are reactants and, together with the resin, form the macromolecular plastic.
  • Amino-epoxy resins as used here represent such a macromolecular plastic, which was obtained by reacting epoxy resins with polyamines as hardeners. be there the reaction conditions are chosen so that terminal amino groups remain in the resin after the reaction.
  • Polyurethanes with terminal amino groups can be obtained by reacting polyurethane with residual NCO groups in the polyurethane with diamines.
  • material as used here includes any molded body that can be subjected to a coating.
  • it can be a furniture component or a component that is suitable for cladding floors, walls or ceilings.
  • it is often desirable, especially with these, to provide their surfaces with a structure so that they not only have the look but also the feel of natural models such as wood, ceramics or stone.
  • it is known in the prior art to produce correspondingly structured decorations on materials for furniture or components.
  • the material that can be lacquered or lacquered according to the invention is a wood-based material board; a support coated with a plastic containing amino groups; an impregnated or coated paper or a laminate containing one or more impregnated or coated papers, in particular a DPL, HPL or CPL, a compact board or another laminate.
  • the material that can be painted or painted according to the invention is preferably a sheet-like or plate-like material.
  • the material can also be a more complex three-dimensional molded part.
  • the material particularly if it is in the form of a sheet or plate, is suitable for producing furniture surfaces or for cladding floors, walls or ceilings.
  • Sheet or plate-shaped materials have the advantage that they have a largely flat surface. This can be provided with structuring in a relatively simple manner and with a high throughput, for example by using structured pressed metal sheets during production or by subsequent lamination, calendering with a structuring roller, etching, lasering or three-dimensional printing.
  • the functionalization reagent according to the invention and the subsequent painting can also be applied particularly uniformly and extensively to sheet or plate-shaped materials, for example by rolling, spraying, spattering, flooding, dipping, pouring, doctor blade and/or brushing.
  • the sheet-like material can be rolled up onto a roll or stored in sheets.
  • the sheet-like material can in particular be an impregnate or a laminate.
  • the material according to the invention is a paper impregnated and/or coated with a plastic containing amino groups (in particular an amino resin). Experts also refer to this as “impregnate”.
  • the material according to the invention is a laminate containing several papers impregnated and/or coated with a plastic containing amino groups (especially an amino resin), or a laminate containing one or more such papers and a carrier material. Laminates of several impregnated and/or coated papers and, if necessary, carriers are referred to as laminates. Both impregnated materials and laminates or layered materials are widely used in the production of furniture surfaces or for cladding floors, walls or ceilings, in particular for the production of floor panels.
  • Laminate refers to a product that comprises at least two layers that are connected to one another over a large area. These layers can be of the same or different materials. Laminates according to the invention have a layered structure, the top layer having a decorative paper impregnated with an amino resin, overlay paper or a specially applied layer of amino resin, for example in the form of a so-called liquid overlay.
  • the aminoplast resin is preferably a melamine-formaldehyde resin.
  • Overlay paper and liquid overlay layers serve to protect the surface from external influences such as wear and scratches.
  • the laminate is preferably obtained by pressing one or more layers of paper impregnated and/or coated with a plastic containing amino groups (in particular an amino resin) together with optionally further papers impregnated with synthetic resin and optionally a carrier plate, under the action of pressure and heat.
  • a plastic containing amino groups in particular an amino resin
  • the structured surface made of a plastic containing amino groups provided according to the invention is preferably achieved in that during production of the laminate the structure is introduced into the surface made of a plastic containing amino groups by embossing with a structured press plate or calendering with a structured roller.
  • the surface of plastic containing amino groups is preferably formed by a paper arranged on the surface of the laminate that is impregnated and/or coated with a plastic containing amino groups (in particular amino resin) or a layer of a liquid overlay made of plastic containing amino groups (in particular amino resin).
  • DPL direct pressure laminate
  • HPL high pressure laminate
  • CPL continuous pressure laminate
  • DPL are manufactured by pressing one or more layers of synthetic resin-impregnated paper together with a carrier plate under pressure and heat.
  • HPL are manufactured by pressing several layers of synthetic resin-impregnated paper together under pressure and heat in a single or multi-daylight press. So it is a special embodiment of a laminate. The HPL can then be glued onto a carrier board, laminated or pressed with it under pressure and heat.
  • CPL are manufactured by pressing several layers of synthetic resin-impregnated paper together in a continuously operating press, usually a double-belt press, under pressure and heat.
  • the CPL is also a special embodiment of a laminate.
  • a special form of the CPL is the continuous pressing of one or more layers of synthetic resin-impregnated paper with a carrier plate. All of the technologies mentioned are used for the production of furniture surfaces or for the production of components for cladding floors, walls or ceilings, in particular in the production of laminate flooring. Phenolic resins are often used as synthetic resins for impregnating the inner layers of paper. However, at least on the surface of the laminates or layered materials there are one or more papers, in particular decorative paper and overlay paper, impregnated with a plastic containing amino groups, in particular a melamine-formaldehyde resin.
  • the latter is a transparent paper impregnated with melamine-formaldehyde resin, which serves as a protective layer and can contain additional anti-abrasive components.
  • a decorative paper is a printed or colored special paper that is impregnated with amino resin and used for the decorative coating of wood-based materials.
  • the material according to the invention can be a compact laminate.
  • This is understood to be a pressed laminated board that is produced in a similar way to HPL by pressing several layers of synthetic resin-impregnated paper together under the influence of pressure and heat.
  • HPL laminates are primarily used as a coating material and are applied to substrates
  • compact laminates can be designed on both sides and are used without substrates.
  • DKS compact laminates are abbreviated as DKS for decorative plastic laminate. They usually consist of several layers of paper or fabric covered in phenolic resin at the core and melamine as the outer layers. impregnated with formaldehyde resin and then joined together under heat and pressure.
  • the wood-based panel can be chipboard, OSB or fiberboard. What these have in common is that during their production, lignocellulose-containing particles (chips, strands or fibers) are glued with a binder and then pressed into the wood-based material.
  • OSB boards (English for oriented strand board or oriented structural board, "board from aligned chips") are coarse particle boards that are made from long, slender chips ("strands") are made.
  • Chipboard, OSB or fibreboard are mostly aminoplastically bonded wood-based panels.
  • the wood-based material board is either produced with a plastic containing amino groups as a binder or has subsequently been coated with a plastic containing amino groups or an impregnate or laminate or laminate containing a surface made of a plastic containing amino groups.
  • the plastic containing amino groups is preferably an amino resin, in particular a melamine-formaldehyde or melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin.
  • the material is a wood-based panel coated with an aminoplast resin-impregnated paper which, after embossing during pressing to form the material panel, represents the structured aminoplast resin surface of the wood-based panel. This corresponds to the DPL embodiment described above.
  • the material according to the invention can also very generally be a carrier coated with a plastic containing amino groups.
  • carrier can in particular be a wood-based material, mineral material, metal or plastic board. This also applies specifically to the previously described DPL, HPL and CPL embodiments.
  • the information “wood”, “mineral”, “Metal” and “Plastic” the main quantitative (weight %) component of the carrier board.
  • the carrier plate itself can also be a laminate or layered material.
  • coating or “coating” with the plastic containing amino groups is mentioned here or elsewhere, this means any form of coating.
  • the plastic containing amino groups can be applied in liquid form, for example in the form of its monomers or precondensates, and then cured. However, the plastic containing amino groups can also be applied in powder form as a layer and then bonded, melted or cured. “Coating” or “coating” is understood here very generally to mean both the application of a layer of plastic containing amino groups and the pressing or laminating with one or more paper impregnated and/or coated with a plastic containing amino groups (in particular an amino resin).
  • a core aspect of the invention consists in making the structured surface of the material, consisting of a plastic containing amino groups, directly paintable by functionalization with vinyl groups. This eliminates the need for additional primer or priming layers. In the case of structured substrates, this has the advantage that the surface structure is retained even after painting.
  • At least some of the amino groups on the structured surface of the plastic containing amino groups are covalently functionalized with vinyl groups by grafting on a functionalization reagent.
  • the grafting takes place in that the structured material surface, which has a plastic containing amino groups, is brought into contact with the functionalization reagent and reacted.
  • the plastic containing amino groups is thus covalently functionalized with vinyl groups in the cured state and thus only on its surface.
  • the paintable material obtained according to the invention has vinyl groups on its surface which are anchored covalently in the plastic containing amino groups on its surface. This achieves particularly good adhesion for radiation-curing paints, which also cure radically via vinyl groups.
  • the paint layer is thus anchored covalently in the plastic containing amino groups, which is located on the surface of the material. This leads to particularly good adhesion of the paint layer and makes it possible to dispense with a primer or undercoat layer.
  • vinyl group includes any functional group which has a terminal C ⁇ C double bond. Such a double bond is suitable for taking part in the free-radical polymerization of a radiation-curing lacquer initiated by radiation curing.
  • Functionalization reagent means a molecule capable of being grafted onto an amino group present on the structured surface of the amino-containing plastic. Since the functionalization reagent also has at least one vinyl group in addition to this grafting functionality, the structured surface of the plastic containing amino groups is functionalized with vinyl groups by the grafting of the functionalization reagent.
  • the functionalization reagent is thus an at least bifunctional molecule (see FIGS. 3a and 3c).
  • the first functional group A is a vinyl group.
  • the functionalization reagent has a group that is reactive toward the amino groups of the plastic containing amino groups.
  • the functionalization reagent thus has at least one vinyl group and at least one other group that is reactive toward the amino groups of the plastic containing amino groups.
  • the grafting of the functionalization reagent consists in the further functional group B reacting with an amino group on the surface of the plastic containing amino groups, with the formation of a covalent bond has. This grafts vinyl groups onto amino groups present on the textured surface of the material. When amino groups are mentioned here, this means in particular terminal -NH 2 groups present in the plastic containing amino groups.
  • the structured material surface which has a plastic containing amino groups, is brought into contact with the functionalization reagent and reacted.
  • the first step in the covalent functionalization of the structured surface with vinyl groups thus consists in bringing the structured surface into contact with a functionalization reagent which has at least one vinyl group and at least one other group which is reactive towards the amino groups of the plastic containing amino groups.
  • the bringing into contact takes place by applying the functionalizing reagent to the structured material surface, which has a plastic containing amino groups.
  • the application can be done in many ways. According to the invention, it has been shown that functionalization of the surface with vinyl groups at specific points is sufficient to lead to a considerable improvement in adhesion as reactive binding anchors for the layer of radiation-curing lacquer to be applied later.
  • the functionalization reagent is applied to the surface of the structured surface of the plastic containing amino groups.
  • the functionalization reagent can be applied, for example, by rolling, spraying, injecting, impregnating, pouring, squeegeeing and/or spreading.
  • the second step in covalently functionalizing the structured surface with vinyl groups is to react the functionalizing reagent with at least a portion of the primary and/or secondary amino groups present on the surface of the structured material.
  • This step involves performing a chemical reaction to create a covalent bond between the second reactive group of the functionalizing reagent and a Amino group on the structured surface of the amino-containing plastic, whereby a structured surface covalently modified with vinyl groups is obtained.
  • the reaction takes place under reaction conditions which enable a covalent connection between the further reactive group B of the functionalizing reagent and the terminal amino groups of the aminoplast resin.
  • the reaction conditions depend on the chemistry of the further reactive group B. In many cases it will be necessary to heat the material surface. This can be achieved using radiant heaters or stoves.
  • the material surface is preferably heated to a surface temperature of 30.degree. C. to 100.degree. C., preferably 50.degree. C. to 80.degree. C. and particularly preferably 60.degree. C. to 70.degree.
  • irradiation of the surface with high-energy radiation is sufficient according to the invention.
  • the radiation dose is preferably at least 100 mj/cm 2 , preferably at least 150 mj/cm 2 .
  • the latter doses are required for reflective surfaces (e.g. for white surfaces).
  • Good results have been achieved when the radiation dose is in a range from 100 to 1000, preferably from 150 to 600 mj/cm 2 .
  • the high-energy radiation is usually UV or electron beams.
  • UV radiation includes the wavelength ranges of UVB radiation (280-320 nm), UVA2 radiation (320-340 nm) and UVA1 radiation (340-400 nm).
  • UVC radiation 200-280 nm
  • vacuum UV radiation 100-200 nm
  • special excimer radiation 172 nm
  • extreme UV radiation (1-100 nm) are also included under the term UV -Radiation summarized.
  • the high-energy radiation is preferably one with a wavelength of 280 nm or less. UV-C radiation is particularly practical.
  • a person skilled in the art can easily check whether the grafting reaction was successful by examining the adhesion of a lacquer layer on the material surface treated with the functionalizing reagent. Only when a covalent functionalization with vinyl groups - and thus a grafting of the functionalizing reagent - has occurred is very good adhesion achieved, even without the coat of paint primer or base coat that would otherwise be required.
  • the other group B of the functionalization reagent that is reactive towards the amino groups of the plastic containing amino groups can be selected in particular from the group consisting of epoxides, acid anhydrides, acid chlorides, acid azides, sulfonyl chlorides, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, in particular N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, imido esters, or carbonates, carbodiimides, isocyanates, Isothiocyanates, alkyl halides, aryl halides, alkynes and vinyl groups such as acylate, methacylate or acylamide.
  • the group in the functionalization reagent that is reactive toward the amino groups of the plastic containing amino groups is a vinyl group.
  • the functionalization reagent thus comprises at least two vinyl groups.
  • the first is used for anchoring in the plastic containing amino groups, the second remains even after grafting and is used for later anchoring of the radiation-curing paint to be applied.
  • the first and second vinyl groups can be identical or different from each other, preferably they are identical.
  • the functionalization reagent is particularly preferably a mirror-symmetrical molecule with at least two vinyl groups.
  • Functionalization reagents appear to play a role, as discussed in more detail below. At least in the case of plastics containing amino groups, which only have terminal amino groups, the density of amino groups on the material surface will not be sufficient for both vinyl groups of a functionalization reagent to react with it.
  • Functionalization reagent and an amino group in the material surface the advantage that the functionalization reagent only has to be applied to the surface of the material and then subjected to high-energy radiation (such as UV light or electron beam)
  • high-energy radiation such as UV light or electron beam
  • the functionalization reagent must not be too thick, otherwise the high-energy radiation will not penetrate to the surface of the material. Particularly good results have been achieved when the functionalization reagent is applied in an amount of at most 3 g/m 2 , preferably at most 2 g/m 2 and particularly preferably at most 0.5 g/m 2 or 1 g/m 2 .
  • the functionalization reagent is not applied in its pure form but in the form of a composition, this must not contain any substances that absorb the high-energy radiation.
  • no photoinitiators or free-radical initiators may be present, since these would not only intercept the high-energy radiation, but would also lead to free-radical polymerization of the vinyl-containing functionalization reagent, which is undesirable.
  • Such a polymerization and film formation would mean that the vinyl groups intended for the functionalization would no longer be available and it would also prevent the high-energy radiation from penetrating to the material surface in order to trigger the desired aza-Michael reaction between the functionalization reagent and the material surface.
  • the functionalization reagent is applied to the structured surface of the plastic containing amino groups in an amount of less than 5 g/m 2 , in particular less than 2 g/m 2 or less than 1 g/m 2 .
  • This is particularly particularly advantageous if the functionalization reagent and the amino groups are reacted by means of high-energy radiation or if the other group contained in the functionalization reagent that is reactive toward the amino groups of the plastic containing amino groups is a vinyl group.
  • the high-energy radiation also reaches the surface.
  • the functionalization reagent After the functionalization reagent has been applied to the structured surface of the plastic containing amino groups, this is preferably irradiated with high-energy radiation, as described above. In the case of functionalization by means of aza-Michael additions in particular, this creates the preferred reaction conditions to ensure covalent attachment to the solid material surface.
  • the type and intensity of the high-energy radiation should be selected in such a way that the complexes formed on the material surface between the functionalization reagent and amino groups are excited and react in aza-Michael reactions.
  • the vinyl groups in the functionalization reagent or in the functionalized material surface can in particular be selected from the group consisting of acylates, methacylates, vinyl ethers, allyl ethers and vinylaromatic compounds.
  • the latter include, for example, styrene, Ci-4-alkyl-substituted styrene, stilbene, vinylbenzyldimethylamine, (4-vinylbenzyl)dimethylaminoethyl ether, N,N-dimethylaminoethylstyrene, tert-butoxystyrene and vinylpyridine.
  • the group in the functionalization reagent which is reactive towards the amino groups of the plastic containing amino groups is particularly preferably an a,b-unsaturated carbonyl compound, in particular a,b-unsaturated carboxylic acid esters, or a,b-unsaturated carboxamides.
  • Acrylic and/or methacrylic esters are particularly preferably a,b-unsaturated carbonyl compounds or compounds which are a,b-unsaturated in relation to another electron-withdrawing group are particularly suitable for aza-Michael additions.
  • the vinyl group is a vinyl group directly attached to an electron withdrawing group such as a carbonyl group.
  • the functionalization reagent is selected from the group consisting of di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- or even higher-functional acrylates, methacrylates, vinyl ethers and allyl ethers.
  • the functionalizing reagent can be selected in particular from the group consisting of trimethylolpropane triacylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacylate, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacylate, and propoxylated or ethoxylated variants of these compounds, polyalkylene glycol diacylate, in particular polyethylene glycol diacylate, divinyl glycol diacylate
  • the functionalization reagent is preferably a small molecule with a molecular weight of 90 to 2000, preferably 95 to 1100 and particularly preferably 95 to 600. This ensures that the part of the molecule between the vinyl groups ( "Spacer" 10, see Fig. 3) is as small as possible.
  • the functionalization reagent according to the invention should also not be a lacquer or a polymer.
  • the invention also provides lacquered materials which are characterized in that they have a structured lacquered surface. These painted materials are obtainable by a process comprising the steps
  • a paint surface which has been structured subsequently differs greatly from a paint surface which is structured according to the invention and is intact, both macroscopically and microscopically.
  • the surface structure goes back to the structure already present in the substrate, which is merely painted. According to the invention is the macroscopic Structuring available directly after painting and does not have to be added to the paint afterwards.
  • structured surface or “structuring” means macroscopic structuring. This means a structure present in the surface, visible to the naked eye, which has a height and depth profile. The structuring is three-dimensional. The structured surface thus has a topography which can be felt by stroking it with the bare hand and which the viewer's eye perceives as a structure.
  • Structure "structured surface”, “surface structure”, “topography” and “height and depth profile” are used synonymously here.
  • the surface structure of the structured material or paint surface according to the invention is in particular a decorative structure originally produced by embossing, lamination, calendering, etching, lasering or printing.
  • the surface structure of the structured material or paint surface is preferably a decorative structure visible to the naked eye.
  • the surface structure of the structured material or paint surface represents the surface structure of wood, natural stone, artificial stone, ceramics, metal, mosaics, floorboards, tiles, joints or another decorative structure visible to the naked eye.
  • the paintable or painted material has a decoration, in particular a decoration, to which the structuring of the material or paint surface is matched.
  • the decor is a wood decor, for example, the structuring can consist of the three-dimensional imitation of the woodcut topography, ie grooves along the illustrated growth lines and indentations at the illustrated knotholes, etc.
  • the decor is a tiled floor or a mosaic, the structuring of this decor can be indented support according to the joints shown. In order to be able to perceive a macroscopic structure with the naked eye, it is necessary for the depressions and elevations in the surface structure or topography to be correspondingly pronounced.
  • the surface quality of materials is quantified using DIN EN ISO 4287 using the so-called profile method.
  • the characteristic values Rz, Rz Max and Rt measured here according to DIN EN ISO 4287 are determined as shown in FIG. 7 and are defined as follows. Rz: mean difference from highest and lowest profile;
  • Rz Max highest point measured
  • Rt total height of the profile (distance between the highest peak and the lowest valley of the profile over the entire length ln evaluated).
  • the structured material surface or the structured paint surface has an Rz value, measured according to DIN EN ISO 4287, of at least 10 ⁇ m, particularly preferably at least 15 ⁇ m and particularly preferably at least 20 ⁇ m. This ensures that the structure is easily palpable and visible and also distinguishes the surface structure according to the invention from the microstructure of the surface, which may have optical effects but cannot be perceived as a structure with the naked eye.
  • the Rz value, measured according to DIN EN ISO 4287 is preferably not more than 120 ⁇ m, particularly preferably not more than 100 ⁇ m and particularly preferably not more than 80 ⁇ m.
  • the total layer thickness (measured after radiation curing) of radiation-curing paint in the painted material is at most half and preferably at most one third of the Rz value of the unpainted material surface.
  • the painted material preferably does not contain any primer or undercoat layers. This ensures that the structure present in the substrate is also retained as a structured paint surface in the painted material.
  • microstructure macroscopic and microscopic structures
  • Macroscopic structures are associated with the visible to the naked eye as a structure. These are what is meant when “structure” or “structuring” is mentioned in this description.
  • microstructures are only visible with a microscope.
  • Particularly advantageous microstructures can be produced in a paint surface, for example, by means of excimer curing.
  • the invention makes it possible, for example, to combine macroscopically structured amino resin surfaces with an excimer-cured lacquer layer.
  • Excimer curing is known to those skilled in the art and is used in practice on a large scale to matt paint surfaces. The matting is purely physical and does not require the addition of matting agents that would otherwise be necessary.
  • Excimer curing is based on the following principle: In radiation-curing paints (e.g. acrylates), free radicals are formed by the 172 nm excimer lamp (e.g. Excirad 172), which trigger polymerisation and crosslinking. The penetration depth of the 172 nm photons in the acylate is between 0.1 and 0.5 nm, so that only a very thin surface layer is crosslinked. The shrinkage caused by the polymerization leads to microstructures.
  • radiation-curing paints e.g. acrylates
  • free radicals are formed by the 172 nm excimer lamp (e.g. Excirad 172), which trigger polymerisation and crosslinking.
  • the penetration depth of the 172 nm photons in the acylate is between
  • a wrinkled skin floats on the liquid film, which is then completely hardened with a second radiation source.
  • a Hg-UV lamp, an electron beam or a long-wave excimer lamp with 308 nm can be used for this purpose.
  • the irradiation takes place in a nitrogen atmosphere.
  • the physical microfolds created with the 172 nm exximer lamp make it possible to easily achieve gloss values from 1 to 10 in radiation-curing paints, measured for example according to EN ISO 2813 with the 60° geometry, without the addition of matting agents.
  • the high-energy, short-wave 172-nm radiation leads to additional cross-linking of the monomers in addition to the free-radical polymerization of the acrylate groups. This increases the surface hardness considerably.
  • the inventors have also found that excimer curing leads to an advantageous anti-fingerprint effect on paint surfaces.
  • the structured lacquer surface provided according to the invention can be combined in a particularly advantageous manner with a microstructure, in particular a microstructure produced by excimer curing, in the lacquer surface.
  • the lacquered material is characterized in that the lacquer layer is an excimer-hardened lacquer layer.
  • the common plastics containing amino groups, in particular amino resins, are not amenable to excimer curing.
  • decorative structures can be embossed particularly well into their surfaces during production, e.g. by means of appropriately structured rollers or pressing plates.
  • the invention makes it possible to combine the macroscopic surface structures, e.g. produced by embossing, with excimer hardening in the course of painting. This leads to structured material surfaces that have an exceptionally natural matt finish and, when appropriate decors and structures are combined (e.g. laminate flooring as an imitation wood floor), can no longer be distinguished from the material to be imitated (e.g. real wood parquet).
  • the invention also allows macroscopic surface structures, e.g. produced by embossing, to be equipped with anti-fingerprint properties for the first time.
  • the vinyl functionalization of the material surface makes it possible to dispense with the primer coat or primer or spatula otherwise required when coating plastics containing amino groups, in particular aminoplast resins, with radiation-curing coatings.
  • a structuring of the subsoil Such a thick coat of paint inevitably evens out the surface, which is common, for example, when imitating wood structures and decors, and thus nullifies it.
  • the coating of structured amino resin surfaces as is customary in the manufacture of laminate or furniture panels, has been avoided.
  • the painted material according to the invention is characterized in that the applied layer of radiation-curing paint or paints is so thin that a structuring present in the substrate is essentially retained. According to the invention, this is made possible by the fact that, because of the vinyl functionalization, corresponding primer or undercoat layers can be dispensed with.
  • the painted material typically does not contain a paint, primer or primer layer.
  • the radiation-curing lacquer that is applied to the vinyl-functionalized surface can therefore also directly be a top coat. Otherwise, this would only adhere to the usual amino-group-containing plastics, in particular amino resins, if they were pre-painted with appropriate paint primers or primers.
  • the total amount of radiation-curing paint applied to the plastic surface of the paintable material is less than 20 g/m 2 , in particular less than 15 g/m 2 or less than 10 g/m 2 .
  • the average layer thickness of the layer of radiation-curing paint on the structured plastic surface is preferably from 0 to 50 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 5 to 35 ⁇ m, and most preferably from 5 to 15 ⁇ m.
  • the layer thickness is measured microscopically using cross sections according to DIN EN ISO 1463 (August 2004).
  • the small paint application quantities or layer thicknesses made possible according to the invention mean that the surface structuring present in the substrate (the paintable material) is also retained in the painted material in the form of a structured paint surface.
  • the vinyl groups inserted into the surface of the paintable material it is optimally prepared for subsequent painting with a radiation-curing paint. This is because most radiation-curing paints cure themselves via vinyl-group-mediated free-radical polymerisation.
  • the vinyl groups in the surface of the material thus represent covalent anchoring points for the radiation-curing lacquer, which leads to excellent adhesion of the lacquer to the surface of the material.
  • the radiation-curing lacquer can be applied to the structured surface of the lacquerable material functionalized with vinyl groups by any method known to those skilled in the art for applying lacquers.
  • the application can take place in particular by rolling, spraying, splashing, flooding, dipping, pouring, doctor blade and / or brushing.
  • the desired degree of gloss and the surface properties can be set flexibly and specifically. Partial matt/gloss effects or matt/gloss gradations tailored to the decor image can also be achieved by selecting a suitable radiation-curing lacquer.
  • the radiation-curing lacquer preferably has a gloss value of less than 10, preferably less than 5, in each case measured according to ⁇ NORM EN ISO 2813 (version 2015-01-01) with the 60° geometry after curing.
  • Radiation-curing paints are known to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, here: Prieto and None, "Wood Coating", FARBE UND LACK, 2019, Chapter 3.1.6 - Radiation-curing paint systems.
  • a "radiation-curing lacquer”, as used here, is a lacquer that contains film formers with carbon-carbon double bonds that polymerize radically under the influence of ultraviolet light (UV) or ionizing radiation (ESH).
  • the carbon-carbon double bonds are preferably acrylic double bonds, ie those that go back to acrylic or methacrylic acid or derivatives of these compounds.
  • at photoinitiators must be added to UV curing in order to generate the starting radicals required for polymerisation.
  • the radiation-curing lacquer usually contains reactive diluents and photoinitiators and, if appropriate, other additives selected from the group consisting of pigments, fillers, matting agents, defoamers, silicone oils, and inhibitors or stabilizers.
  • the radiation-curing lacquer is a radiation-curing acylate resin. Due to their property profile, in particular the simultaneous fulfillment of mechanical (e.g. hardness, abrasion resistance, scratch resistance and/or wear resistance) and optical requirements, these are usually used in paint compositions which are used for surface finishing. Dipropylene glycol diacrylate (DPGDA) and/or poly(propylene glycol diacrylate) (PPGDA) is preferably used as the radiation-curing acrylate resin.
  • DPGDA dipropylene glycol diacrylate
  • PPGDA poly(propylene glycol diacrylate)
  • Other radiation-curable acrylate resins that can be used according to the invention are sold, for example, by BASF under the “Laromer®” brand. If "acrylate” is mentioned here, then it always includes the corresponding methacrylate derivative.
  • reactive diluents to mean polymerizable, radiation-curing monomers which are added to the radiation-curing lacquer to reduce the viscosity.
  • the reactive diluents react with the radiation curing in the radical polymerization and are thus incorporated into the paint film as monomers.
  • monomeric (meth)acrylic acid esters as reactive diluents which are liquid at room temperature.
  • Examples of such compounds are isobornyl aciylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, trimethylolpropaneformalmonoacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate, trimethylolpropane triacylate, dipropylene glycol diacylate, tripropylene glycol diacylate, hexanediol diacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacylate, lauyl acylate, and propoxylated or ethoxylated variants of these reactivities.
  • Urethanized reactive thinners such as EBECRYL 1039 (Cytec) or others can also be used Room temperature liquid compounds that are able to react under conditions of radical polymerization with z.
  • Preferred vinyl ethers are diethylene glycol divinyl ether, triethylene glycol divinyl ether or cyclohexanedimethanol divinyl ether.
  • the radiation-curable paint can contain reactive diluents in an amount of 1-70% by weight
  • the film former in the radiation-curable lacquer is preferably selected from unsaturated polyesters, epoxy acrylates, polyester acrylates, polyether acrylates, amino-modified polyether acrylates and urethane acrylates.
  • unsaturated polyesters are those based on maleic acid. In practice, these are often combined with styrene as a reactive diluent.
  • Photoinitiators can be selected, for example, from the group consisting of alpha-hydroxyketones, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone, benzophenone, thioxanthones, benzoin, benzoin ethers, benzil ketals, aminoalkylphenones, hydroxyalkylphenones, monoacylphosphine oxides and bisacylphosphine oxides and their derivatives. If the radiation-curable paint contains pigments or other absorbing substances, these and the photoinitiator used must be selected and matched to one another in relation to the absorbed wavelength ranges.
  • the invention is described below by way of example using exemplary embodiments
  • a material that can be painted or painted according to the invention which is panel-shaped and whose surface has a structure that simulates a wood grain
  • Fig. 2 Cross-sections through various plate-shaped materials that can be painted according to the invention, which are intended to illustrate the structure of these materials and their surface layers, with Fig. 2a showing a laminate, Fig. 2b a laminate and Fig. 2c a wood-based material,
  • Fig. 4 Cross sections through various plate-shaped lacquered according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 Schematic representations of the structured material surface before and after painting and possibly functionalization
  • FIG. 5a showing a structured material surface before any functionalization or painting
  • FIG. 5b a surface primed or primed and then painted according to the prior art
  • FIG. 5c a paintable material surface functionalized according to the invention with vinyl groups
  • FIG. 5d a functionalized surface as shown in FIG. 5c after painting
  • 6 shows a schematic representation of the manufacturing process for the material that can be painted or painted according to the invention.
  • Fig. 7 an example stylus profile to explain the used here
  • infeed conveyor 1 shows a plan view of a material 1 that can be lacquered or lacquered according to the invention.
  • the characteristic structuring 3 of the surface can be seen (structured surface made of plastic containing amino groups or structured lacquered surface), which simulates a wood grain in the embodiment shown.
  • the material 1 is plate-shaped and can have a decoration (eg a wood decoration) which is consistent with the structure 3 .
  • the material 1 has a surface made of a plastic 2 containing amino groups, into which the structuring 3 is introduced.
  • FIG. 2 shows cross sections through three exemplary materials 1 which can be used according to the invention and which can look as shown in FIG. 1 in a plan view.
  • the material 1 shown in FIG. 2a is a laminate of a carrier plate 5, an underlying backing 6 and an overlying top layer 4.
  • the backing 6 is typically a paper impregnated with synthetic resin, which serves to absorb the stresses equalize on top and bottom.
  • the support panel 5 can be a wood-based panel, such as an MDF or HDF panel.
  • the top layer 4 typically consists of at least one melamine resin-impregnated decorative paper and an overlying melamine resin-impregnated overlay, which were hot-pressed together with the carrier plate 5 and the backing 6 to form the material 1 .
  • the amino groups are terminally remaining primary amino groups and the secondary amino groups of the cured melamine resin (melamine-formaldehyde resin).
  • the structuring 3 of the surface can also be seen in cross section, which are shown here schematically as indentations, such as are produced, for example, during production with structured pressed metal sheets can become.
  • structuring measures e.g. 3D printing
  • the shown surface made of plastic 2 containing amino groups can already have been functionalized according to the invention with vinyl groups, in which case the material 1 is a material 1′ that can be painted according to the invention. Otherwise, the material 1 shown is the starting material for the method according to the invention for producing the paintable material 1′.
  • the material 1 shown in FIG. 2b is a laminate, eg a compact board.
  • the core 7 is formed by a stack of kraft papers impregnated with phenolic resin (eg 90 layers), the top layer 4 can again be as in FIG. 2a a melamine-resin-impregnated decorative paper and a melamine-resin-impregnated overlay lying thereover, which were hot-pressed together with the core 7 of impregnated papers to form the material 1 .
  • FIG. 2a applies correspondingly to the other features.
  • the material 1 can also just be a support plate 5 provided with a structure 3 .
  • This has a surface made of a plastic 2 containing amino groups.
  • the carrier plate 5 can consist, for example, of the plastic containing amino groups or be coated with it.
  • the carrier board 5 can also be a wood material board (e.g. chipboard, fiber board or OSB board), which was obtained from lignocellulose-containing particles, which were glued with an aminoplastic binder and pressed to form the wood material board.
  • the amino groups on the surface 2 are then terminally remaining primary amino groups and the secondary amino groups of the cured amino resin.
  • the carrier plate has a structure 3 at least on the top surface 2 . What was said about FIG. 2a applies accordingly.
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically a detailed view of the reactions on the shown in Figs. 1 and 2 surface of an amino-containing plastic 2 at the functionalization according to the invention with the functionalization reagent 8 take place in FIG. 3a and FIG. 3c in each case a single secondary amino group (-NHR) is representatively shown in the surface of a plastic 2 containing amino groups.
  • -NHR secondary amino group
  • the surface made of a plastic 2 containing amino groups will contain many such secondary, but also primary amino groups (-NH 2 ), each of which can also react accordingly with the functionalization reagent 8 .
  • the functionalization reagent 8 has at least three parts of the molecule: (1) a first functional group A, which has a vinyl group 9, (2) a second functional group B, which is a group that is reactive toward the amino groups of the plastic containing amino groups, and ( 3) the intervening part of the molecule, referred to herein as the "spacer" 10 .
  • the spacer length designates the shortest path between the groups A and B.
  • the spacer length is preferably between 2 and 20 carbon atoms, in particular between 2 and 10 carbon atoms, although other heteroatoms can also be present between the carbon atoms.
  • the functionalization reagent 8 is thus at least a bifunctional molecule, since it has at least the functional groups A and B.
  • the functionalization reagent 8 is shown only schematically.
  • the functional group A shown in Figure 3a can be any functional group comprising a vinyl group 9 .
  • Group A can also consist of a vinyl group.
  • the functional group B shown in FIG. 3a can be any group that is reactive toward the amino groups of the plastic containing amino groups.
  • Group B can be, for example, an epoxide,
  • the functionalization reagent 8 is applied to the surface of a plastic 2 containing amino groups, resulting in the arrangement shown schematically in FIGS. 3a and 3c.
  • the functionalization reagent 8 is grafted onto an amino group on the surface of the plastic containing amino groups, forming a covalent bond 11 as in Figure 3b and 3d shown.
  • the surface 2 was thereby covalently functionalized with vinyl groups 9, which are now available there for reaction with e.g. a radiation-curing lacquer. 3b and 3d) thus show a detailed view of the functionalized surface of a material 1' that can be painted according to the invention.
  • reaction conditions which are symbolically represented by a reaction arrow between FIGS. 3a and 3b or 3c and 3d, depend strongly on the nature and chemistry of the reactive group B in the functionalization reagent. If the reactive group B is a vinyl group and in particular an acrylate group, exposure to high-energy radiation such as electron beams or UV light is sufficient for the aza-Michael addition shown in FIGS. 3c and 3d to occur.
  • the material surfaces functionalized with vinyl groups can then be painted or stored. If a non-reversible reaction is selected for the functionalization (e.g. aza-Michael addition), the material surfaces functionalized with vinyl groups have proven to have a good shelf life. However, it also has advantages to further process the functionalized material surfaces directly, in particular to paint them, since excess functionalization reagent is not disruptive and, on the contrary, can polymerize directly into the paint layer. When storing, it is recommended to avoid contamination or des Take precautions against smearing such as single sheet storage, storage with interleaving, or cleaning up the excess. According to a preferred embodiment, the functionalization with vinyl groups is immediately followed by a coating of the functionalized material surface.
  • a non-reversible reaction e.g. aza-Michael addition
  • the material surfaces functionalized with vinyl groups have proven to have a good shelf life. However, it also has advantages to further process the functionalized material surfaces directly, in particular to paint them, since excess functionalization reagent is not disruptive
  • Amino resin surfaces as shown schematically in Fig. 1 in plan view, to obtain in painted form.
  • the inventors have surprisingly found that if you combine such a surface structure 3 with a matt paint 12 or an excimer hardening of the paint layer 12, you create natural-looking material surfaces that look, feel and feel like the original (e.g. real wood parquet) so well are no longer distinguishable and at the same time have improved surface properties (e.g. resistance to micro-scratches, weathering and chemicals).
  • FIG. 5 serves to illustrate the advantages of the invention over the prior art.
  • FIG. 5a shows an enlargement of the cross section through the uppermost layer 4, as can also be seen, for example, in FIGS. 2a-2c.
  • the top layer 4 has a structure 3 and consists of or contains a plastic containing amino groups (eg a melamine resin), whereby it has a Surface made of plastic containing amino groups 2 has. If you wanted to paint such a melamine resin surface according to the prior art with a radiation-curing paint 12 (e.g. an acrylate paint), you would first have to apply a primer layer 13 to the structured melamine resin surface, since radiation-curing paints only adhere very poorly to this.
  • a radiation-curing paint 12 e.g. an acrylate paint
  • the multi-layer paint structure 12, 13 results in a considerable paint layer thickness--in comparison to the largest difference in height and depth in the structure 3 (Rz value).
  • the structuring is lost due to the overcoating. According to the state of the art, it therefore makes no sense to paint over, for example, a melamine resin surface provided with a wood structure (cf. FIG. 1), such as is often used, for example, as a furniture surface or floor laminate. Such a coating would destroy an originally introduced structuring.
  • FIG. 5c shows a paintable surface according to the invention, similar to FIG. 5a, as an enlargement of the cross section through the uppermost layer 4, as can also be seen, for example, in FIGS. 2a-2c.
  • the uppermost layer 4 in FIG. 5c also has a surface made of plastic 2 containing amino groups, into which a structure 3 has been inserted.
  • the material 1' which can be painted according to the invention in FIG. 5c has a surface functionalized with vinyl groups 9 (see also FIGS. 3b and 3d). As shown in FIG.
  • a layer of radiation-curing lacquer 12 can be applied directly to this surface functionalized according to the invention with vinyl groups 9, without a primer layer 13 having to be applied beforehand.
  • 5d shows the applied layer of radiation-curing lacquer before radiation-curing, as can be seen from the vinyl groups 9 that are still present.
  • the vinyl groups 9 present on the surface 2 also polymerize into the paint film, which is covalently anchored in the uppermost layer 4 of the material. This explains the observed excellent adhesion of radiation-curing paints to the paintable material surfaces provided by the invention.
  • a first, second and third feed conveyor belt 14, 15, 16 is used to feed a wood-based panel as a carrier 5 with a backing 6 on the underside (shown as a liquid backing applied on the underside, the latter can also be fed in via a separate fourth feed conveyor belt) and a melamine-resin-impregnated decorative paper 18 and melamine-resin-impregnated overlay 19 placed on a feed conveyor belt 30 as a press stack 20.
  • the feed conveyor belt 30 is drawn as a continuous conveyor belt.
  • the press stack 20 then runs through a short-cycle press 21, which is equipped with a structured press plate 22 on the side facing the overlay paper.
  • the structure provided in the press plate is the negative image of the wood grain shown in FIG Compression pressure (active pressure on the panel surface) of 50 to 300 N/cm 2 is pressed to form the material 1, which is a laminate panel which has a surface 2 containing a structure 3 containing amino groups. Both terminal primary amino groups and secondary amino groups are present on the surface 2 in the cured melamine resin.
  • the material 1 corresponds to a material known from the prior art with a structured surface, as is produced in many variations as a floor covering or furniture component and is already present in interim storage facilities.
  • material 1 can be stored and the process can be interrupted here. Above all, in practice the numerous materials 1 already available with structured surfaces 2, 3 containing amino groups can be used. These can be fed to the process according to the invention for surface functionalization with subsequent painting without pretreatment. This is another advantage of the solution according to the invention.
  • the material 1 with a structured surface 2, 3 containing amino groups is fed to a device 23 for applying the functionalization reagent 8 according to the invention.
  • a functionalization reagent having two acrylate groups is used (e.g., dipropylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, or hexanediol diacrylate).
  • the functionalization reagent 8 is applied to the structured surface 2 containing amino groups,
  • Functionalization reagent 8 shown in the device 23 as spraying is also possible, as explained in the description, in particular application via a roller as shown in FIG. 6 for the device for applying the radiation-curing lacquer 26 .
  • the applied functionalizing reagent 8 is brought into reaction with the amino groups on the surface 2 of the Material by setting the appropriate reaction conditions. If the group in the functionalization reagent that is reactive with the amino groups on the material surface is a vinyl group, especially one that is adjacent to an electron-withdrawing group (such as in an acylate group), the reaction can take the form of a radiation-induced aza-Michael addition respectively.
  • the surface 2 of the material 1 containing amino groups, to which the functionalization reagent 8 has been added, is exposed to a radiation source 24 for this purpose.
  • the high-energy radiation 25 e.g. UV or electron beams
  • the functionalization reagent 8 is hereby grafted onto the surface 2 of the material, which leads to a covalent functionalization of the surface 2 with vinyl groups.
  • the material 1' functionalized in this way represents the paintable material of the invention.
  • the paintable material 1' can be painted with a radiation-curing paint 12 directly afterwards or in a separate process.
  • the material 1′ runs through a device 26 for applying the radiation-curing lacquer 12.
  • FIG. 6 shows the application of the lacquer in device 26 by a roller, but all methods for applying radiation-curing lacquers otherwise known to those skilled in the art are also possible.
  • the applied layer 12 of radiation-curing lacquer is then cured in a manner known from the prior art by high-energy radiation 25, 28.
  • the second radiation source 29 actually required for curing e.g. a UV lamp or an electron emitter
  • an upstream excimer radiation source 27 is provided.
  • the painted material 1" thus obtained not only has a macroscopically structured paint surface which corresponds to the surface structure 3 present in the paintable material (e.g wood grain, see top view in Fig. 1), but also a microstructuring that causes a special matting and also gives the surface of the material 1" anti-fingerprint properties.
  • FIG. 7 shows a diagram which illustrates the determination of the characteristic values Rz, Rz Max and Rt measured according to DIN EN ISO 4287.
  • Rz means: mean difference from highest and lowest profile (average of the five shown Rz values 1 to 5);
  • Rz Max highest point measured (largest Rz value determined);
  • Rt total height of the profile (distance between the highest peak and the lowest valley of the profile over the entire length ln evaluated).
  • the textured melamine resin surfaces of the boards were either not subjected to any treatment at all (Comparative Examples 1, 3, 5 and 8) or 0.5 g/m 2 hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) was applied by roller application and then treated with a UV Lamp irradiated (Examples 2, 7 and 10 according to the invention; was irradiated with an 80 watt mercury lamp, with 10 m / min advance with the dose of UV-A> 350 mj / cm 2 ) or it was a commercial UV primer for Melamine resin surfaces (1CA UVF5782) applied in an amount of 4 or 4-5 g/m 2 by roller application and gelled by UV irradiation (Comparative Examples 4,
  • the gloss value below 60° and 85° was determined according to ⁇ NORM EN ISO 2813 (Version 2015-01-01).
  • the surface quality was also determined using the profile method according to DIN EN ISO 4287 (October 1998 version).
  • the definition of the Rz value is as given in the description and in FIG.
  • Adhesion was determined using the "Hamberger Hobel", a standardized test device from Hamberger Industriewerke, which can be used to carry out a coin test under defined conditions. A piece of metal with a coin-like edge is pushed over the painted surface with adjustable pressure. The result is the force in Newtons at which no stress whitening is discernible. All Results above 15 Newtons can generally be regarded as acceptable.
  • micro-scratch resistance of the surfaces was determined in accordance with DIN EN 16094 (Martin Dale standard for floors).
  • the micro-scratch resistance could be increased significantly by the coating according to the invention, while retaining the structure originally present.
  • Samples 1 to 10 were also assessed in a blind test by trained specialists from EGGER. This assessment showed that samples 2, 7 and 10 according to the invention had by far the most natural appearance of all 10 samples and in terms of their appearance, haptics and touch temperature they hardly differed from the original to be imitated (veneer/real wood surface, stone/ceramic decors or textile decor image with a smooth structure) could be distinguished.
  • UV primer 1CA UVF5782 and top coat 1CA UVS5595 used in test series 1 were also obtained in numerous tests with other commercially available UV primers (tested: Plantag 74170, Remmers UV120-112, Teknos E114203, Sherwin Williams UL/61099-469 , Votteler L5405524) and top coats (tested: Plantag 75773.6, Teknos E120239, Bergolin 2U073, Bona 7720, Akzo Nobel UV TOP 103939).
  • the vinyl functionalization according to the invention was always superior to the commercially available UV primers due to the lower layer thickness and better adhesion.
  • test series was carried out as described for test series 1, except that BDDA was used as the functionalization reagent instead of HDDA. The results were similar to those of test series 1.
  • the vinyl functionalization according to the invention was always superior to the commercially available UV primers due to the lower layer thickness and better adhesion.
  • test series was carried out as described for test series 1, except that DPGDA was used as the functionalization reagent instead of HDDA. The results were similar to those of test series 1.
  • the vinyl functionalization according to the invention was always superior to the commercially available UV primers due to the lower layer thickness and better adhesion.
  • test series was carried out as described for test series 1, except that TMPTA was used as the functionalization reagent instead of HDDA. The results were similar to those of test series 1.
  • the vinyl functionalization according to the invention was always superior to the commercially available UV primers due to the lower layer thickness and better adhesion.
  • Example 3 In a manner analogous to that described for test series 1, a panel with a synchronous structure ST 69 on the wood decor H2820 was functionalized as a surface with 0.5 g/m 2 TMPTA. Instead, a commercially available UV primer (Bergolin 1U080) was used in an application amount of 4 g/m 2 for the comparative example. According to the technical data sheet, this contains: 4-(l,l-
  • the top coat contains: 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (5-ethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methyl acrylate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate ethyl phenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphinate, methyl 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidylsebazate and 1,1,1-trihydroxymethylpropyl triacrylate.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un matériau pouvant être peint (1) comportant une surface structurée constituée de matière plastique (2, 3) contenant des groupes amino, au moins une partie des groupes amino sur la surface structurée ayant été fonctionnalisée de manière covalente avec des groupes vinyle par greffage d'un réactif de fonctionnalisation. Des matériaux peints présentant des surfaces structurées peintes peuvent être obtenus à partir de ces matériaux pouvant être peints, l'invention concernant également lesdits matériaux peints ainsi que leurs procédés de production. L'invention concerne en outre l'utilisation d'une fonctionnalisation vinyle en tant que substitut pour une couche d'amorce ou fondation dans la peinture des surfaces structurées constituées de matière plastique contenant des groupes amino avec des peintures durcissant sous l'effet d'un rayonnement.
EP21740029.0A 2020-07-07 2021-07-06 Matériaux peints et pouvant être peints présentant des surfaces structurées Pending EP4179013A1 (fr)

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EP20184608.6A EP3936559A1 (fr) 2020-07-07 2020-07-07 Matières pouvant être laquées et laquées à surfaces structurées
PCT/EP2021/068618 WO2022008493A1 (fr) 2020-07-07 2021-07-06 Matériaux peints et pouvant être peints présentant des surfaces structurées

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JPH07128915A (ja) * 1993-11-04 1995-05-19 Mita Ind Co Ltd 磁性粒子およびその製造方法
US20080274335A1 (en) * 2004-12-16 2008-11-06 Regents Of The University Of Colorado Photolytic Polymer Surface Modification
DE102009004482B4 (de) * 2009-01-09 2012-03-29 Fritz Egger Gmbh & Co. Bauelement aus Holzwerkstoff mit aufgedrucktem Dekor und unterschiedlichem Glanzgrad
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PL3351682T3 (pl) * 2015-07-10 2020-06-29 SWISS KRONO Tec AG Laminat do powlekania materiału drewnopochodnego w kształcie płyt
SI3210772T1 (sl) * 2016-02-24 2019-01-31 Profol Kunststoffe Gmbh S talino kaširan dekorativni laminat
CN106519919A (zh) * 2016-10-25 2017-03-22 广东蓝洋科技有限公司 一种附着在三聚氰胺板的uv底漆组合物及其制备方法
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US20230303791A1 (en) 2023-09-28
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CN115836106A (zh) 2023-03-21
EP3936559A1 (fr) 2022-01-12

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