EP4170871B1 - Elektrische maschinenzahnanordnungen und verfahren - Google Patents

Elektrische maschinenzahnanordnungen und verfahren

Info

Publication number
EP4170871B1
EP4170871B1 EP21382957.5A EP21382957A EP4170871B1 EP 4170871 B1 EP4170871 B1 EP 4170871B1 EP 21382957 A EP21382957 A EP 21382957A EP 4170871 B1 EP4170871 B1 EP 4170871B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tooth
winding
tooth body
groove
assembly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21382957.5A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4170871A1 (de
Inventor
Cesar Muñiz Casais
David ALCALDE LÓPEZ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Renovables Espana SL
Original Assignee
General Electric Renovables Espana SL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Renovables Espana SL filed Critical General Electric Renovables Espana SL
Priority to EP21382957.5A priority Critical patent/EP4170871B1/de
Priority to JP2022161309A priority patent/JP2023063245A/ja
Priority to KR1020220133214A priority patent/KR20230057961A/ko
Priority to US17/968,268 priority patent/US12316182B2/en
Priority to CN202211298569.1A priority patent/CN116006391A/zh
Publication of EP4170871A1 publication Critical patent/EP4170871A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4170871B1 publication Critical patent/EP4170871B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/48—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure in slots
    • H02K3/487—Slot-closing devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/52—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto
    • H02K3/521—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto applicable to stators only
    • H02K3/522—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto applicable to stators only for generally annular cores with salient poles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/80—Arrangement of components within nacelles or towers
    • F03D80/82—Arrangement of components within nacelles or towers of electrical components
    • F03D80/821—Arrangement of components within nacelles or towers of electrical components within nacelles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • F03D9/257—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor the wind motor being part of a wind farm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/26—Rotor cores with slots for windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/13—Applying slot closure means in the cores; Manufacture of slot closure means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
    • H02K1/148—Sectional cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to electrical machine tooth assemblies, to winding stoppers and to methods for assembling an electrical machine tooth assembly.
  • the present disclosure further relates to electrical machines including such assemblies and to wind turbines incorporating generators with such assemblies.
  • Wind turbines are commonly used to supply electricity into the electrical grid.
  • Wind turbines of this kind generally comprise a tower and a rotor arranged on the tower.
  • the rotor which typically comprises a hub and a plurality of blades, is set into rotation under the influence of the wind on the blades. Said rotation generates a torque that is normally transmitted through a rotor shaft to a generator, either directly (“directly driven” or “gearless”) or through the use of a gearbox. This way, the generator produces electricity which can be supplied to the electrical grid.
  • Wind turbine generators and other electrical machines such as motors, generally comprise a rotor and a stator.
  • the rotor rotates with respect to the stator.
  • the rotor may be inner structure and the stator the other structure.
  • the stator therefore may radially surround the rotor.
  • the arrangement may be opposite, with the rotor radially surrounding the stator.
  • PMG permanent magnet excited generators
  • electrically excited generators may be permanent magnet excited generators (PMG) or electrically excited generators.
  • permanent magnets In permanent magnet generators, permanent magnets (PM) are generally arranged on the rotor, whereas winding elements, i.e., coils, are usually included in the stator. Alternatively, permanent magnets could also be arranged in the stator structure and winding elements in the rotor structure. Permanent magnet generators are generally reliable and require less maintenance than other type of generators.
  • electrically excited generators generally comprise a rotor having a plurality of pole shoes and excitation windings, i.e., coils.
  • a current is applied to the excitation coils.
  • the applied current creates the polarity of the poles, wherein adjacent poles have a different magnetic polarity.
  • the magnetic field from the pole shoes is applied to the windings of the stator causing a variable magnetic flux in the stator windings and producing a voltage in the stator windings.
  • the magnetic field to generate the electrical power is created electrically, and therefore permanent magnets are not required.
  • a typical permanent magnet generator comprises a stator comprising a stator yoke with a plurality of teeth protruding in a radial direction.
  • the teeth may protrude towards a center of the stator yoke in generators where the stator surrounds the generator rotor.
  • the teeth may protrude in a radial direction towards the outside of the stator yoke.
  • a plurality of slots may be defined between adjacent teeth, wherein each slot may house a respective winding.
  • the present disclosure provides methods and systems to at least partially overcome some of the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • a tooth assembly for an electrical machine comprises a tooth body extending along a longitudinal direction from a first end wall to a second end wall.
  • the tooth body defines a first and a second lateral walls substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction. Further, the first and second lateral walls comprise a groove extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction.
  • the tooth assembly also comprises a winding arranged around the tooth body and a winding stopper.
  • the winding stopper is attached to the first lateral wall of the tooth body.
  • the winding stopper comprises a first portion shaped and dimensioned to be received in the grooves, and a second portion extending from the first portion. The second portion extends from the first portion and protrudes from the first lateral wall of the tooth body, and the winding stopper is only supported by the tooth body at the first lateral wall.
  • each tooth assembly is independent from the others allows to complete tooth assemblies aside of the main stator (or rotor) assembly line, reducing the overall assembly time of the generator. Further, this configuration also simplifies the disassembly process of a tooth to be replaced. Additionally, as the winding stopper is attached to a single tooth and may not extend between teeth, the heat transfer coefficient between the coil and the cooling means is improved. Further, as the winding stopper is only in contact with one of the lateral walls of the tooth body, it can be used with windings comprising connection components extending along the end walls of the tooth body further than the winding itself.
  • the tooth assembly disclosed is suitable to receive round-wire windings and preformed windings.
  • Preformed coils may comprise windings with rectangular cross-section closely packed, which may lead to a higher slot fill factor and therefore, a higher output torque.
  • preformed coils may be manufactured such as to enhance thermal conductivity from the center of the yoke slot towards the teeth walls. This may result in a better distribution of the generated heat over the slot and a reduction of the peak temperature inside the slot and winding. Due to their rigid structure, the preformed coils need to be inserted radially into the slots. Therefore, tooth assemblies which can be mounted independently from the others substantially simplify the overall generator assembly process, independently of these being mounted in the stator, as for example in permanent magnet generators, or in the rotor, as for example in electrically excited generators.
  • a method for assembling a tooth assembly comprises providing a tooth body that extends along a longitudinal direction from a first end wall to a second end wall.
  • the tooth body also defines a first and a second lateral wall substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction.
  • the first lateral wall comprises a groove extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction.
  • the method comprises providing a winding around the tooth body.
  • the method comprises providing a winding stopper comprising a first portion and a second portion. The first portion is shaped and dimensioned to be received in the groove of the tooth body, and a second portion extends from the first portion.
  • the method comprises coupling the winding stopper only with the groove of the tooth body. The coupling is performed so that the second portion of the winding stopper protrudes from the first lateral wall towards the winding, and the winding stopper contacts the tooth body at the first lateral wall only.
  • This method enables to assemble a tooth assembly independently from other teeth in a simple and yet reliable manner. Further, this method allows to assemble the tooth components such as to leave a clearance gap between winding stoppers of adjacent windings. This clearance gap promotes air circulation and increases the heat transfer coefficient between the winding and the coolant (i.e. air).
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of an example of a wind turbine 10.
  • the wind turbine 10 is a horizontal-axis wind turbine.
  • the wind turbine 10 may be a vertical-axis wind turbine.
  • the wind turbine 10 includes a tower 15 that extends from a support system 14 on a ground 12, a nacelle 16 mounted on tower 15, and a rotor 18 that is coupled to nacelle 16.
  • the rotor 18 includes a rotatable hub 20 and at least one rotor blade 22 coupled to and extending outward from the hub 20.
  • the rotor 18 has three rotor blades 22.
  • the rotor 18 includes more or less than three rotor blades 22.
  • the tower 15 may be fabricated from tubular steel to define a cavity (not shown in figure 1 ) between a support system 14 and the nacelle 16.
  • the tower 15 is any suitable type of a tower having any suitable height.
  • the tower can be a hybrid tower comprising a portion made of concrete and a tubular steel portion.
  • the tower can be a partial or full lattice tower.
  • the rotor blades 22 are spaced about the hub 20 to facilitate rotating the rotor 18 to enable kinetic energy to be transferred from the wind into usable mechanical energy, and subsequently, electrical energy.
  • the rotor blades 22 are mated to the hub 20 by coupling a blade root portion 24 to the hub 20 at a plurality of load transfer regions 26.
  • the load transfer regions 26 may have a hub load transfer region and a blade load transfer region (both not shown in figure 1 ). Loads induced to the rotor blades 22 are transferred to the hub 20 via the load transfer regions 26.
  • the rotor blades 22 may have a length ranging from about 15 meters (m) to about 90 m or more.
  • Rotor blades 22 may have any suitable length that enables the wind turbine 10 to function as described herein.
  • blade lengths include 20 m or less, 37 m, 48.7 m, 50.2m, 52.2 m or a length that is greater than 91 m.
  • the rotor 18 is rotated about a rotor axis 30.
  • the rotor blades 22 are also subjected to various forces and moments. As such, the rotor blades 22 may deflect and/or rotate from a neutral, or non-deflected, position to a deflected position.
  • a pitch angle of the rotor blades 22, i.e., an angle that determines an orientation of the rotor blades 22 with respect to the wind direction, may be changed by a pitch system 32 to control the load and power generated by the wind turbine 10 by adjusting an angular position of at least one rotor blade 22 relative to wind vectors. Pitch axes 34 of rotor blades 22 are shown.
  • the pitch system 32 may particularly change a pitch angle of the rotor blades 22 such that the angle of attack of (portions of) the rotor blades are reduced, which facilitates reducing a rotational speed and/or facilitates a stall of the rotor 18.
  • a blade pitch of each rotor blade 22 is controlled individually by a wind turbine controller 36 or by a pitch control system 80.
  • the blade pitch for all rotor blades 22 may be controlled simultaneously by said control systems.
  • a yaw direction of the nacelle 16 may be rotated about a yaw axis 38 to position the rotor blades 22 with respect to wind direction 28.
  • the wind turbine controller 36 is shown as being centralized within the nacelle 16, however, the wind turbine controller 36 may be a distributed system throughout the wind turbine 10, on the support system 14, within a wind farm, and/or at a remote-control center.
  • the wind turbine controller 36 includes a processor 40 configured to perform the methods and/or steps described herein. Further, many of the other components described herein include a processor.
  • processor is not limited to integrated circuits referred to in the art as a computer, but broadly refers to a controller, a microcontroller, a microcomputer, a programmable logic controller (PLC), an application specific, integrated circuit, and other programmable circuits, and these terms are used interchangeably herein. It should be understood that a processor and/or a control system can also include memory, input channels, and/or output channels.
  • PLC programmable logic controller
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion of the wind turbine 10.
  • the wind turbine 10 includes the nacelle 16 and the rotor 18 that is rotatably coupled to the nacelle 16. More specifically, the hub 20 of the rotor 18 is rotatably coupled to an electric generator 42 positioned within the nacelle 16 by the main shaft 44, a gearbox 46, a high-speed shaft 48, and a coupling 50.
  • the main shaft 44 is disposed at least partially coaxial to a longitudinal axis (not shown) of the nacelle 16.
  • a rotation of the main shaft 44 drives the gearbox 46 that subsequently drives the high-speed shaft 48 by translating the relatively slow rotational movement of the rotor 18 and of the main shaft 44 into a relatively fast rotational movement of the high-speed shaft 48.
  • the latter is connected to the generator 42 for generating electrical energy with the help of a coupling 50.
  • a transformer 90 and/or suitable electronics, switches, and/or inverters may be arranged in the nacelle 16 in order to transform electrical energy generated by the generator 42 having a voltage between 400V to 1000 V into electrical energy having medium voltage (10 - 35 KV). Said electrical energy is conducted via power cables from the nacelle 16 into the tower 15.
  • the gearbox 46, generator 42 and transformer 90 may be supported by a main support structure frame of the nacelle 16, optionally embodied as a main frame 52.
  • the gearbox 46 may include a gearbox housing that is connected to the main frame 52 by one or more torque arms 103.
  • the nacelle 16 also includes a main forward support bearing 60 and a main aft support bearing 62.
  • the generator 42 can be mounted to the main frame 52 by decoupling support means 54, in particular in order to prevent vibrations of the generator 42 to be introduced into the main frame 52 and thereby causing a noise emission source.
  • the main frame 52 is configured to carry the entire load caused by the weight of the rotor 18 and components of the nacelle 16 and by the wind and rotational loads, and furthermore, to introduce these loads into the tower 15 of the wind turbine 10.
  • the rotor shaft 44, generator 42, gearbox 46, high speed shaft 48, coupling 50, and any associated fastening, support, and/or securing device including, but not limited to, support 52, and forward support bearing 60 and aft support bearing 62, are sometimes referred to as a drive train 64.
  • the wind turbine may be a direct drive wind turbine without gearbox 46.
  • Generator 42 operate at the same rotational speed as the rotor 18 in direct drive wind turbines. They therefore generally have a much larger diameter than generators used in wind turbines having a gearbox 46 for providing a similar amount of power than a wind turbine with a gearbox.
  • the nacelle 16 also may include a yaw drive mechanism 56 that may be used to rotate the nacelle 16 and thereby also the rotor 18 about the yaw axis 38 to control the perspective of the rotor blades 22 with respect to the wind direction 28.
  • a yaw drive mechanism 56 may be used to rotate the nacelle 16 and thereby also the rotor 18 about the yaw axis 38 to control the perspective of the rotor blades 22 with respect to the wind direction 28.
  • the nacelle 16 may also include at least one meteorological measurement system 58 which may include a wind vane and anemometer.
  • the meteorological measurement system 58 can provide information to the wind turbine controller 36 that may include wind direction 28 and/or wind speed.
  • the pitch system 32 is at least partially arranged as a pitch assembly 66 in the hub 20.
  • the pitch assembly 66 includes one or more pitch drive systems 68 and at least one sensor 70.
  • Each pitch drive system 68 is coupled to a respective rotor blade 22 (shown in figure 1 ) for modulating the pitch angle of a rotor blade 22 along the pitch axis 34. Only one of three pitch drive systems 68 is shown in figure 2 .
  • the pitch assembly 66 includes at least one pitch bearing 72 coupled to hub 20 and to a respective rotor blade 22 (shown in figure 1 ) for rotating the respective rotor blade 22 about the pitch axis 34.
  • the pitch drive system 68 includes a pitch drive motor 74, a pitch drive gearbox 76, and a pitch drive pinion 78.
  • the pitch drive motor 74 is coupled to the pitch drive gearbox 76 such that the pitch drive motor 74 imparts mechanical force to the pitch drive gearbox 76.
  • the pitch drive gearbox 76 is coupled to the pitch drive pinion 78 such that the pitch drive pinion 78 is rotated by the pitch drive gearbox 76.
  • the pitch bearing 72 is coupled to pitch drive pinion 78 such that the rotation of the pitch drive pinion 78 causes a rotation of the pitch bearing 72.
  • Pitch drive system 68 is coupled to the wind turbine controller 36 for adjusting the pitch angle of a rotor blade 22 upon receipt of one or more signals from the wind turbine controller 36.
  • the pitch drive motor 74 is any suitable motor driven by electrical power and/or a hydraulic system that enables pitch assembly 66 to function as described herein.
  • the pitch assembly 66 may include any suitable structure, configuration, arrangement, and/or components such as, but not limited to, hydraulic cylinders, springs, and/or servomechanisms.
  • the pitch drive motor 74 is driven by energy extracted from a rotational inertia of hub 20 and/or a stored energy source (not shown) that supplies energy to components of the wind turbine 10.
  • the pitch assembly 66 may also include one or more pitch control systems 80 for controlling the pitch drive system 68 according to control signals from the wind turbine controller 36, in case of specific prioritized situations and/or during rotor 18 overspeed.
  • the pitch assembly 66 includes at least one pitch control system 80 communicatively coupled to a respective pitch drive system 68 for controlling pitch drive system 68 independently from the wind turbine controller 36.
  • the pitch control system 80 is coupled to the pitch drive system 68 and to a sensor 70.
  • the wind turbine controller 36 may control the pitch drive system 68 to adjust a pitch angle of rotor blades 22.
  • a power generator 84 for example comprising a battery and electric capacitors, is arranged at or within the hub 20 and is coupled to the sensor 70, the pitch control system 80, and to the pitch drive system 68 to provide a source of power to these components.
  • the power generator 84 provides a continuing source of power to the pitch assembly 66 during operation of the wind turbine 10.
  • power generator 84 provides power to the pitch assembly 66 only during an electrical power loss event of the wind turbine 10.
  • the electrical power loss event may include power grid loss or dip, malfunctioning of an electrical system of the wind turbine 10, and/or failure of the wind turbine controller 36.
  • the power generator 84 operates to provide electrical power to the pitch assembly 66 such that pitch assembly 66 can operate during the electrical power loss event.
  • the pitch drive system 68, the sensor 70, the pitch control system 80, cables, and the power generator 84 are each positioned in a cavity 86 defined by an inner surface 88 of hub 20.
  • said components are positioned with respect to an outer surface of hub 20 and may be coupled, directly or indirectly, to the outer surface.
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of an example of tooth assembly 100 according to the present disclosure.
  • the tooth assembly 100 is a stator tooth assembly, but the tooth assembly 100 can also be configured to be mounted on a generator rotor or in other electrical machines.
  • the stator tooth assembly 100 comprises a tooth body 110 extending along a longitudinal direction LD from a first end wall 111 to a second end wall 112.
  • the tooth body 110 also defines a first and a second lateral walls 113 substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction LD, wherein the first and second lateral walls 113 comprise a groove 114 extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction LD.
  • the stator tooth assembly 100 further comprises a winding 120 arranged around the tooth body 110 and a winding stopper 130.
  • the winding stopper 130 is attached to the first lateral wall 113 and comprises a first portion shaped and dimensioned to be received in the groove 114.
  • the winding stopper 130 also comprises a second portion 132 extending from the first portion 131 and protruding from the first lateral wall 113. As illustrated, the winding stopper 130 is only supported by the tooth body 110 at the first lateral wall 113.
  • a lateral wall 113 of the tooth body 110 comprises a groove 114 extending into a first end wall 111 of the tooth body 110.
  • This allows introduction of a winding stopper 130 into the groove 114 axially e.g. from a first end wall 111 to later slide it along the groove 114 to the desired location.
  • the groove 114 extends longitudinally from a first end wall 111 to a second end wall 112 of the tooth body, but other configurations are also possible.
  • the tooth body 110 may comprise separated grooves 114, i.e. two grooves 114, one extending axially from a first end wall 111 and another extending axially from a second end wall 112.
  • the grooves 114 may also have a relatively large local opening in a lateral wall 113 to allow the introduction of a winding stopper 130 throughout the same.
  • Figure 3 also shows that a groove 114 of the tooth body 110 may comprise an inner chamber and a orifice.
  • the orifice located in a lateral wall 113, gives access to the inner chamber.
  • the inner chamber may have a greater cross-section than the orifice. This is further illustrated in figures 5 to 7 and discussed in respect to the same.
  • the stator tooth assembly 100 may comprise a plurality of winding stoppers 130 distributed along the grooves 114.
  • the winding stoppers 130 may extend in the longitudinal direction LD of between 50 mm and 150mm, specifically between 75 mm and 125 mm.
  • the aforementioned range in length of the winding stoppers 130 allows to introduce several winding stoppers 130 longitudinally spaced along the grooves 114, simplifies manufacturing of the winding stopper 130 and reduces material costs as compared with a single winding stopper 130 longitudinally extending along the entire length of the tooth body 110.
  • winding stoppers 130 having longer or shorter lengths can also be used.
  • the winding stopper may extend longitudinally between 60% and 90% of a length of the stator tooth 100 along the longitudinal direction, specifically between 70% and 90% of the length of the stator tooth 100.
  • Figure 4 shows a cross-section view across the plane A-A' illustrated in figure 3 .
  • the cross-section of the stator tooth assembly 100 shows that the first portion 131 of the winding stopper 130 is substantially inside the groove 114, whereas the second portion 132 of the winding stopper 130 protrudes substantially perpendicular from a lateral wall 113 of the tooth body 110. More precisely, the present example illustrates that the second portion 132 of the winding stopper 130 extends a portion of a winding thickness.
  • the winding stopper 130 may therefore extend at most up to an outer lateral wall 121 of a winding 120. Thus, the winding stopper 130 may not hinder the air flow circulation around the windings 120.
  • the exemplary winding stopper 130 in figure 4 comprises a first portion 131 of substantially rectangular shape that mates with the also rectangular cross-section of the inner chamber of the groove 114.
  • the shape and dimension of the first portion 131 and the corresponding shape of the inner chamber of the grooves 114 may vary depending on stator tooth requirements and on suitability of manufacturing techniques.
  • the inner chamber may have a cross-section geometry of substantially circular shape, L-shape, T-shape or dovetail shape. Different shapes and dimensions of the aforementioned components are also possible, and are further discussed in respect to figures 5 to 7 .
  • the winding stopper 130 may be made of composite material.
  • a winding stopper 130 may comprise fibres made of glass, carbon, aramid, basalt or others; and resins such as epoxy, polyester or others.
  • the winding stoppers 130 may be pultruded profiles cut to length.
  • the winding stoppers 130 can also be manufactured from a blank metal piece using known machining techniques.
  • FIGS 5 to 7 schematically illustrate detailed views of different examples of winding stoppers 130 in a tooth body 110.
  • the tooth body 110 may be a generator stator tooth body or a generator rotor tooth body.
  • the present disclosure also provides a winding stopper 130.
  • the winding stopper 130 is configured to be attachable to a tooth assembly 100 including a tooth body 110.
  • the winding stopper comprises a first portion 131 and a second portion 132.
  • the first portion 131 is shaped and dimensioned to be received in in a groove 114 of the tooth body 110. More specifically, the first portion 131 may be shaped and dimensioned to substantially mate with a groove 114 of the tooth body 110.
  • the first portion comprises a head portion 133 configured to be arranged inside the groove 114 and a neck portion 134 configured to extend from the inside of the groove 114 to an outside. As illustrated in figures 5 to 7 , the maximum height of the head portion 133 is greater than the height of the neck portion 134.
  • the second portion is configured to retain a winding arranged around the tooth body.
  • the geometry of the first portion 131 increases the reliability of the wind stopper attachment. Since the head portion 133 can only be removed from the groove 114 along the longitudinal (axial) direction (i.e. not in a lateral or circumferential direction), a winding stopper with cantilever configuration can secure the winding in place. Additionally, the winding stopper may be configured to contact a lateral wall 113 of the stator tooth body 110.
  • the winding stopper 130 may comprise a protective element 140 and a biasing element 150.
  • the protective element 140 is configured to be coupled to the stator winding 120
  • the biasing element 150 is configured to be inserted between the second portion 132 of the winding stopper 130 and the protective element 140.
  • the biasing element 150 promotes contact between the winding stopper 130 and the stator tooth assembly 100.
  • biasing element 150 has been illustrated schematically in figures 5 to 7 , but it is noted that the biasing element 150 may be an elastic element such as a ripple spring or a rigid element such as a wedge. Other elastic and rigid elements can also be used as biasing element 150.
  • the protective element 140 may be made of composite material, as described above in respect to the winding stopper. Further, the protective element 140 may be coupled to the winding 120 by means of gluing. Alternatively, the protective element 140 may be coupled to the winding 120 during a winding manufacturing process, i.e. during resin casting when preformed windings are used.
  • figures 5 to 7 show that the first portion 131 of the winding stopper 130 may be shaped differently.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a substantially trapezoidal first portion 131
  • figure 6 illustrates a substantially circular first portion 131
  • figure 7 illustrates a first portion 131 with an inverted L shape.
  • the height the inner chamber in cross-section is greater than the height of the orifice (denoted with a broken line), but other relative dimensions can also be used.
  • the winding stopper 130 may further comprise a biasing element 150 at least partially located between the winding 120 and the winding stopper 130. Additionally, the winding stopper 130 may further comprise a protective element 140 at least partially located between the biasing element 150 and the winding 120. As illustrated in the figures, the geometry of the contact regions between these components, i.e. winding 120, protective element 140, biasing element 150 and winding stopper 130 may differ.
  • the protective element 140 may comprise a first layer of felt configured to be in contact with the winding 120 and a second composite layer configured to be in contact with the biasing element 150.
  • each of the winding stoppers 130 that can be inserted in a stator tooth assembly 100 may comprise a biasing element 150 with different dimensions and structural properties. This may also contribute to compensate potential differences in height along the winding 120 due to manufacturing imperfections or design considerations, achieving a more homogeneous pressure distribution, and therefore coupling, between the winding 120 and the tooth body 110.
  • winding stopper 130 can be included in a tooth assembly, such as the stator tooth assembly 100 disclosed, or in a rotor tooth assembly. Similarly, the technical features discussed with respect to the stator tooth assembly 100 may be included in the winding stopper 130, when these relate to winding stoppers.
  • Method 800 is provided.
  • Method 800 is suitable for assembling a tooth assembly 100.
  • Method 800 is schematically illustrated in figure 8 .
  • the method 800 comprises, at block 801, providing a tooth body 110.
  • the tooth body 110 extends along a longitudinal direction LD from a first end wall 111 to a second end wall 112. Further, the tooth body 110 defines a first and a second lateral wall 113 substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction LD. Besides, the first and the second lateral walls 113 comprise a groove 114 extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction LD.
  • the method 800 also comprises, at block 802, providing a winding 120 around the tooth body 110. Further, the method 800 comprises, at block 803, providing a winding stopper 130.
  • the winding stopper 130 comprises a first portion 131 shaped and dimensioned to be received in the groove 114 of the tooth body 110, and a second portion 132 extending from the first portion 131. Additionally, the method 800, at block 804 comprises coupling the winding stopper 130 with the groove 114 of the tooth body 110 so that the second portion 132 substantially protrudes from the first lateral wall towards the winding 120, and the winding stopper contacts the tooth body at the first lateral wall only. Further, first portion 131 of the winding stopper 130 may be shaped and dimensioned, not only to be received in the groove, but also to substantially mate with and inside of the groove 114 of the tooth body 110.
  • the method allows to assemble a tooth assembly separate from the main generator assembly line. This reduces the overall assembly time by promoting task parallelization. Further, it also avoids the need of assembling individual tooth components (i.e. windings or winding stoppers) inside the generator. This may also improve the efficiency of the assembly process due to a substantial improve on space limitations. Further, this method allows to assemble a tooth assembly with winding stoppers that may only contact a lateral wall of the tooth body, enhancing the versatility of the assembly and improving the heat transfer coefficient between the winding and the coolant.
  • individual tooth components i.e. windings or winding stoppers
  • the groove 114 of the tooth body 110 may extend into at least the first end wall 111. Further, the groove 114 may also comprise an inner chamber and an orifice giving access to the inner chamber. The inner chamber may have a maximum height in cross-section that is greater than a height of the orifice.
  • the coupling step in block 804 may be performed by inserting the first portion 131 of the winding stopper 130 into the groove 114 of the tooth body 110 along the longitudinal direction. In other examples, the winding stopper 130 may be inserted into the groove 114 through the first end wall 111 and along the longitudinal direction.
  • the orifice may have a smaller height that the inner chamber implies that the first portion 131 of the winding stopper 130 (with a geometry mating the inner chamber of the groove 114) may not be able to enter or exit the groove 114 through the orifice in the lateral wall 113. This provides a more reliable connection between the winding stopper 130 and the tooth body 110, and provides a secured stop for a potential radial displacement of the winding 120.
  • the method may comprise coupling the tooth assembly to a stator yoke so that the tooth body extends radially relative to the stator yoke. Additionally, the method may also comprise coupling an additional tooth assembly to the stator yoke, in which the tooth assemblies are independently assembled to the stator yoke.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Zahnanordnung (100) für eine elektrische Maschine, umfassend:
    einen Zahnkörper (110), der sich entlang einer Längsrichtung (LD) von einer ersten Endwand (111) zu einer zweiten Endwand (112) erstreckt und eine erste und eine zweite Seitenwand (113) im Wesentlichen parallel zu der Längsrichtung (LD) definiert, wobei die erste und die zweite Seitenwand (113) eine Nut (114) umfassen, die im Wesentlichen parallel zu der Längsrichtung (LD) verläuft,
    eine Wicklung (120), die um den Zahnkörper (110) angeordnet ist, und
    einen Wicklungsanschlag (130), der an der ersten Seitenwand (113) angebracht ist und einen ersten Abschnitt (131) umfasst, der so geformt und bemessen ist, dass er in der Nut (114) aufgenommen wird, und einen zweiten Abschnitt (132) umfasst, der sich von dem ersten Abschnitt (131) aus erstreckt und von der ersten Seitenwand (113) hervorsteht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wicklungsanschlag (130) nur durch den Zahnkörper (110) an der ersten Seitenwand (113) gestützt wird.
  2. Zahnanordnung (100) nach Anspruch 1, wobei sich mindestens eine Nut (114) in eine erste Endwand (111) des Zahnkörpers (110) erstreckt.
  3. Zahnanordnung (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, wobei sich mindestens eine Nut (114) in Längsrichtung von der ersten Endwand (111) zu der zweiten Endwand (112) des Zahnkörpers (110) erstreckt.
  4. Zahnanordnung (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1-3, wobei der Zahnkörper (110) dazu ausgelegt ist, mit einem Stator eines elektrischen Generators gekoppelt zu werden.
  5. Zahnanordnung (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1-4, wobei sich der Wicklungsanschlag (130) in Längsrichtung zwischen 60 % und 90 % einer Länge des Zahnkörpers (110) in Längsrichtung (LD) erstreckt, insbesondere zwischen 70 % und 90 % der Länge des Zahnkörpers (110).
  6. Zahnanordnung (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1-5, wobei der erste Abschnitt (131) und der zweite Abschnitt (132) des Wicklungsanschlags (130) aus Verbundmaterial bestehen.
  7. Zahnanordnung (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1-6, wobei der Wicklungsanschlag (130) ferner ein Vorspannelement (150) umfasst, das sich zumindest teilweise zwischen der Wicklung (120) und dem zweiten Abschnitt (132) des Wicklungsanschlags (130) befindet.
  8. Zahnanordnung (100) nach Anspruch 7, wobei das Vorspannelement (150) ein Keil oder eine Wellenfeder ist.
  9. Zahnanordnung (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8, wobei der Wicklungsanschlag (130) ferner ein Schutzelement (140) umfasst, das sich zumindest teilweise zwischen dem Vorspannelement (150) und der Wicklung (120) befindet.
  10. Zahnanordnung (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1-9, wobei mindestens eine Nut (114) eine Innenkammer und eine Öffnung in einer der Seitenwände (113) umfasst, wobei die Öffnung Zugang zu der Innenkammer gewährt und die Innenkammer eine maximale Querschnittshöhe aufweist, die größer ist als eine Höhe der Öffnung.
  11. Zahnanordnung (100) nach Anspruch 10, wobei die Innenkammer eine Querschnittsgeometrie mit im Wesentlichen kreisförmiger, L-förmiger, T-förmiger oder schwalbenschwanzförmiger Form aufweist.
  12. Verfahren (800) zum Zusammenbauen einer Zahnanordnung (100), wobei das Verfahren umfasst:
    Bereitstellen (801) eines Zahnkörpers (110), der sich entlang einer Längsrichtung (LD) von einer ersten Endwand (111) zu einer zweiten Endwand (112) erstreckt und eine erste und eine zweite Seitenwand (113) im Wesentlichen parallel zu der Längsrichtung (LD) definiert, wobei die erste Seitenwand (113) eine Nut (114) umfasst, die im Wesentlichen parallel zu der Längsrichtung (LD) verläuft;
    Bereitstellen (802) einer Wicklung (120) um den Zahnkörper (110), und
    Bereitstellen (803) eines Wicklungsanschlags (130), der einen ersten Abschnitt (131), der so geformt und bemessen ist, dass er in der Nut (114) des Zahnkörpers (110) aufgenommen wird, und einen zweiten Abschnitt (132) umfasst, der sich von dem ersten Abschnitt (131) aus erstreckt, und
    Koppeln (804) des Wicklungsanschlags (130) nur mit der Nut (114) des Zahnkörpers (110), sodass der zweite Abschnitt (132) von der ersten Seitenwand (113) in Richtung der Wicklung (120) hervorsteht und der Wicklungsanschlag (130) den Zahnkörper (110) nur an der ersten Seitenwand (113) berührt.
  13. Verfahren (800) nach Anspruch 12, wobei sich die Nut (114) des Zahnkörpers (110) zumindest in die erste Endwand (111) erstreckt und eine Innenkammer und eine Öffnung umfasst, die Zugang zu der Innenkammer gewährt, wobei die Innenkammer eine maximale Querschnittshöhe aufweist, die größer ist als eine Höhe der Öffnung, und wobei das Koppeln des Wicklungsanschlags (130) mit dem Zahnkörper (110) durch Einführen des ersten Abschnitts (131) des Wicklungsanschlags (130) in die Nut (114) des Zahnkörpers (110) entlang der Längsrichtung (LD) durchgeführt wird.
  14. Verfahren (800) nach einem der Ansprüche 12 und 13, wobei das Verfahren (800) ferner umfasst:
    Koppeln der Zahnanordnung (100) mit einem Statorjoch, sodass sich der Zahnkörper (110) radial relativ zu dem Statorjoch erstreckt.
  15. Verfahren (800) nach Anspruch 14, wobei das Verfahren (800) ferner umfasst:
    Koppeln einer zusätzlichen Zahnanordnung (100) mit dem Statorjoch, wobei die Zahnanordnungen (100) unabhängig vom Statorjoch zusammengebaut werden.
EP21382957.5A 2021-10-22 2021-10-22 Elektrische maschinenzahnanordnungen und verfahren Active EP4170871B1 (de)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21382957.5A EP4170871B1 (de) 2021-10-22 2021-10-22 Elektrische maschinenzahnanordnungen und verfahren
JP2022161309A JP2023063245A (ja) 2021-10-22 2022-10-06 電気機械器ティース組立体及び方法
KR1020220133214A KR20230057961A (ko) 2021-10-22 2022-10-17 전기 기계 치형부 어셈블리 및 방법
US17/968,268 US12316182B2 (en) 2021-10-22 2022-10-18 Electrical machine tooth assemblies and methods
CN202211298569.1A CN116006391A (zh) 2021-10-22 2022-10-21 电机齿组件和方法

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EP4468569A1 (de) * 2023-05-26 2024-11-27 General Electric Renovables España S.L. Wicklungsanordnungen und zugehörige verfahren

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JP2023063245A (ja) 2023-05-09
US20230131690A1 (en) 2023-04-27
US12316182B2 (en) 2025-05-27
CN116006391A (zh) 2023-04-25
KR20230057961A (ko) 2023-05-02

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