EP4165403A1 - Triboakustischer sensor, dessen herstellverfahren, messverfahren und verwendung - Google Patents
Triboakustischer sensor, dessen herstellverfahren, messverfahren und verwendungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4165403A1 EP4165403A1 EP21733367.3A EP21733367A EP4165403A1 EP 4165403 A1 EP4165403 A1 EP 4165403A1 EP 21733367 A EP21733367 A EP 21733367A EP 4165403 A1 EP4165403 A1 EP 4165403A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piezoelectric element
- triboacoustic
- mechanical component
- sensor according
- reflection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000028161 membrane depolarization Effects 0.000 description 4
- GHYOCDFICYLMRF-UTIIJYGPSA-N (2S,3R)-N-[(2S)-3-(cyclopenten-1-yl)-1-[(2R)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-3-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[[(2S)-2-[(2-morpholin-4-ylacetyl)amino]propanoyl]amino]propanamide Chemical compound C1(=CCCC1)C[C@@H](C(=O)[C@@]1(OC1)C)NC([C@H]([C@@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)O)NC([C@H](C)NC(CN1CCOCC1)=O)=O)=O GHYOCDFICYLMRF-UTIIJYGPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940125797 compound 12 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002115 bismuth titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001522296 Erithacus rubecula Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100400378 Mus musculus Marveld2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- NKZSPGSOXYXWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxido(oxo)titanium;lead(2+) Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NKZSPGSOXYXWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007430 reference method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002336 repolarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/02—Measuring coefficient of friction between materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/041—Analysing solids on the surface of the material, e.g. using Lamb, Rayleigh or shear waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
- G01N29/032—Analysing fluids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
- G01N29/075—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves by measuring or comparing phase angle
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/11—Analysing solids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/223—Supports, positioning or alignment in fixed situation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/227—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details related to high pressure, tension or stress conditions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/228—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details related to high temperature conditions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
- G01N29/2437—Piezoelectric probes
- G01N29/245—Ceramic probes, e.g. lead zirconate titanate [PZT] probes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
- G01N29/2475—Embedded probes, i.e. probes incorporated in objects to be inspected
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/28—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details providing acoustic coupling, e.g. water
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
- G01N2291/012—Phase angle
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
- G01N2291/015—Attenuation, scattering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/025—Change of phase or condition
- G01N2291/0258—Structural degradation, e.g. fatigue of composites, ageing of oils
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
- G01N2291/101—Number of transducers one transducer
Definitions
- Triboacoustic sensor whose manufacturing process go
- This invention relates to the construction, manufacture and application (including the measurement or calibration process provided for this) of a triboacoustic sensor, with the help of which, as a piezoelectric transducer, various parameters characterizing the state of a tribocontact considered as a sample (pair of friction surfaces, ge forms according to one with one Base body inter acting counter-body - including the intermediate substance contained therein), for example of engine components (such as shaft / bearings, cams / tappets or piston ring / cylinder liner), even under adverse environmental conditions, e.g. B. at higher temperatures up to about 300 ° C or pressures can be detected.
- the structure according to the invention taking into account the manufacturing and connection method, offers higher acoustic performance compared to the previously known contemporary sensor principles.
- a triboacoustic sensor is defined as a device that has certain physical properties, here specifically can measure acoustic parameters in tribological contacts as system-specific variables, such as B. Ver wear depth, contact surface condition, size of the mechanical tensions of the mechanical components involved in the tribological contact be (ie the solid bodies of the base or counter body), viscosity and film thickness of the intermediate.
- Reflection ultrasound is in itself an established measurement method.
- a piezoelectric element is placed on the sample or - if this is in view of e.g. B. small dimensions or the special nature of the sample is required - attached to a "buffer rod", which is in direct contact with the sample.
- the function of the buffer rod can be taken over by one of the mechanical components whose friction surface represents part of the boundary of a tribocontact.
- the following are suitable for this purpose, for example: cylinder track, piston ring, bearing shell, roller, rail (cf. Mills, Robin, Emin Yusuf Avan, and Rob Dwyer-Joyce.
- Measuring Lubricant Films at the Piston-Cylinder Contact An Over V iew of Current Technologies with Focus on Ultrasound. No. 2013-01-0294. SAE Technical Paper, 2013).
- the piezoelectric sensor element is used as an active element (transducer) to generate an ultrasonic wave, which is then transmitted, if necessary, by the The ultrasonic wave is partially reflected at the interface of the tribological contact (parts of the friction surface of the mechanical component in question). The reflected wave is then returned as an oscillation by the piezoelectric The element (sensor) is received and converted into an electrical signal that contains the measurement information. Which physical property is measured depends on the type of wave that is pulsed by the piezoelectric element and essentially, but not necessarily exclusively, transversely or longitudinally polarized The reflection is mainly characterized by amplitude and phase, as described in ASTM E-1065 “E1065-08 Standard Guide for
- Both phase and amplitude measurements compare the respective measured variable of the wave reflected by the tribological contact with a reference signal.
- the comparison is evaluated quantitatively by the (total) reflection coefficient R or as the (total) phase change F.
- a m is the amplitude of the signal measured as a reflection from the tribological interface and A R is the Amplitude of the reference signal, F TM is the phase of the signal measured by the tribological contact and F k is the phase of the reference signal.
- the shear viscosity h of the relevant lubricating medium can be determined as a function of the phase change or the reflection coefficient as follows:
- w stands for the rotation frequency of the oscillation of the piezo element
- p f for the liquid density
- Z s is the acoustic impedance of the "buffer rod”.
- triboacoustic sensors are less suitable for industrial use or hardly available on the market or they do not deliver the required signal quality.
- the reasons for this are, on the one hand, the harsh operating conditions and, on the other hand, the lack of robustness of the sensor structure, the latter due to the assembly methods currently in use.
- triboacoustic device for in-situ monitoring of a tribocontact that is stable or faithful to the signal over the course of use.
- This is mainly due to the conditions of use of the components forming a tribocontact and the higher-level unit in the respective application environment (for example in industrial use at high temperatures, e.g. B. 200 ° C and above, cyclic loads or vibrations, high specific surface loads, about up to 3 GPa in point contacts (z. B. in roller bearing raceways)).
- conventional triboacoustic devices show an impairment of the mechanical connection between the sensor and the components to be monitored during operation, which changes the sensor reaction and thus reduces the accuracy and reliability.
- the present invention relates to a triboacoustic device that can work under thermally, mechanically and chemically demanding environmental conditions with high signal fidelity.
- the device and its fastening or connection methods are illustrated below with reference to FIG. 1 as an exploded sketch, as well as in the assembly of FIG. 2, and - in a special embodiment with a housing or housing-like recess - of FIG. 3 and FIG 4 described.
- 2 shows the basic components A of the triboacoustic sensor, consisting of a piezoelectric element 1 with a length of the longer side of the piezoelectric element (1) of greater than 5l, solder layer 2, measured in the main plane, i.e.
- Fig. 5 and - in a special embodiment with a housing or housing-like recess - Fig. 6 he explains the connection technology for assembling the piezoelectric element 1 with the metallic mechanical component 4.
- This includes a metallic screen 15, one for the purpose of the assembly process In a manner known per se, a weight plate 16 that applies force and a source of heat 17.
- the piezoelectric element 1 is firmly bonded to the mechanical component 4 via a solder layer 2 and a metallic coating 3, which serves as an acoustic "buffer rod” and separates the piezoelectric element 1 from the tribological contact C on the one hand, and ensures the acoustic coupling with this on the other hand
- the material used for the piezoelectric element 1 is piezoelectric material, preferably PZT (lead zirconium titanate), BiT (bismuth titanate), PT (lead titanate), lead metaniobate, each in the structure of perovskite or layers, and furthermore tungsten bronze, if this material is a Curie temperature of at least 300 ° C, a dielectric temperature constant of less than or equal to 4 K 1 and a center frequency according to the aforementioned ASTM standard E-1065 between 20 kHz and 100 MHz.
- the main feature in the manufacture of the basic components A of the triboacoustic sensor is the between Piezoelectric element 1 and mechanical component 4 realized connection, consisting of solder layer 2 and metallic coating 3.
- connection of piezoelectric element 1 and mechanical component 4 is according to the invention Soldering made under certain specifications and after appropriate preparation of the named components. This avoids the considerable disadvantages of common connection techniques:
- the present invention is characterized significantly by improving the method for the cohesive connection of the piezoelectric element 1 and the prepared surface of the mechanical component 4.
- the method described here for attaching or connecting (under the described conditions) of the basic components A of the triboacoustic Sensor improves the state of the art in triboacoustic technology because it allows the thickness of the soldered connection zone B to be kept small and enables such contacts to be made even on (heavily) oxidized surfaces.
- These improvement steps are crucial in order to produce a more powerful, more stable triboacoustic reflection sensor with better acoustic and mechanical properties.
- connection method has relevant, ie quality-determining effects on the properties of the triboacoustic measuring device.
- the entire structure of the connection between a piezo element and a substrate ("buffer rod") is subjected to thermal treatment at temperatures above 600 ° C, which on the one hand requires high-temperature suitable piezo elements and on the other hand - after the completion of the Connection procedure - an additional repolarization of the piezo element itself required.
- the simple mechanical connection by pressing together requires the use of mostly complex devices to contact the piezo element with the respective substrate, and is therefore not suitable for compact devices.
- soldering and cold soldering have several advantages compared to the connection techniques mentioned above.
- modern soldering methods require a preparation that is complicated according to the state of the art, by applying coatings to the surfaces provided for the connection in order to remove existing disruptive oxide films from the mechanical components 4 made of metal and to enable subsequent soldering.
- Conventional coatings of mechanical component 4 are not ideal from the point of view of the acoustic signal response because the layers are too thick.
- the solder connection zone B a thickness of not more than l / 10 - with l as the wave length of the sound wave of the piezoelectric element 1 - have.
- solder layer 2 must be about 1-50 ⁇ m thick.
- connection process e.g. when it is necessary to burn in ovens
- the connection process must not cause any depolarization of the piezoelectric element 1 or induce any undesired gradients in the thermal expansion between the piezoelectric element 1, solder layer 2 and mechanical component 4 Cause or at least promote detachment of the piezoelectric element 1 from the substrate.
- the triboacoustic sensor which is durable and resistant to thermal cycles (up to 300 ° C) and (cyclical) mechanical loads (up to 3 GPa), delivers measurement signals independent of ambient conditions and reliably while avoiding disadvantageous ones Effects (z. B. Depo larization, as described above) can be produced with reproducible quality, it is necessary - in addition to the appropriate algorithms for highly reliable measurement of the reference phase and reference amplitude of the acoustic signal - the solder connection zone B between the piezoelectric element 1 and mechanical Component 4 must be designed taking certain specifications into account.
- the inventive design of the triboacoustic sensor is characterized in that the solder connection zone B between piezoelectric element 1 and mechanical component 4 has a thickness of no more than a tenth of the wavelength of the operating frequency (ie l / 10), as shown in FIG. 7 where the solder connection zone thickness 19 of the solder connection zone B is shown in relation to the thickness 18 of the piezoelectric element 1 by way of example.
- mechanical component 4 is provided with a thin metallic coating 3 and metallized before the solder layer 2 is produced by soldering, as will be described in detail below.
- This metallic coating 3 is preferably made of nickel (Ni) or from the group of metals silver (Ag), gold (Au), palladium (Pd), copper (Cu), tin (Sn), rhodium (Rh), in each case also in Form of alloys within the metals mentioned.
- the primary Ni layer is used to remove the oxides from the mechanical component 4 as the intended metal substrate, while the metallic Beschich device 3 allows the piezoelectric element 1 to be soldered and protects the solder joint zone B from corrosion in harsh environments.
- the mechanical component 4 consists of a metal, in particular aluminum, steel, copper, titanium and their alloys, or essentially a metal Metal existing composite material, e.g. B. with tungsten carbide.
- solder paste is preferably used as a preliminary stage for the solder layer 2, or alternatively another type of provision of the solder metal (solder), e.g. B. solder strips or soldering tape, ver used, the metallic components each consist of metals from the group Sn, Ag, Cu, Ga, Ni, Co, Pd, Pt, Au, Rh and the size of the dispersed particles of the metal particles between 1- 30 pm.
- solder metal e.g. B. solder strips or soldering tape, ver used
- the metallic components each consist of metals from the group Sn, Ag, Cu, Ga, Ni, Co, Pd, Pt, Au, Rh and the size of the dispersed particles of the metal particles between 1- 30 pm.
- the wetting time must be a maximum of 3 s and its melting temperature a maximum of 300 ° C.
- a heat source 17 is used, which the solder with the composition described above within a maximum of 3 s melts and is for this purpose at a distance of no more than 10 mm from the connection zone.
- the heat source 17 has a heating output of at least 500 W and generates, e.g. B. as a hot air gun, a hot air tstrom of at least 100 1 / min, but preferably of at least 250 1 / min.
- the assembled triboacoustic sensor (essentially the piezoelectric element 1 mounted on the mechanical component 4) is explained with reference to Fig. 3 as an exploded view and as an assembly in Fig. 4:
- the ensemble includes a housing-like structure 8 that protects the individual components serves and which is connected to the mechanical component 4 by a method known per se, such as soldering, gluing or welding, or if necessary, the mechanical component 4 is designed as a recess 13 (Fig. 6), a high frequency (HF) Plug connector 6 for communication of the electrical signals with measurement and control electronics D (Fig.
- a noise suppression strip 7 typically made of brass or copper for reducing the interference from electromagnetic sources the surface of the tribocontact facing the mechanical component 4 ( Interface 14), a potting compound 12, a cover 11, a connection wire 5 for the electrical connections of the piezoelectric element 1 and the mechanical component 4 (buffer rod).
- This can be, for example, the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, the outer surface of a piston, a plain bearing or a slide pad of a cam drive.
- the potting compound 12 is used, which is preferably made of epoxy resin, is porous and / or contains metal powder (z. B. Ti).
- FIG. This consists of a controller 30 which controls the signal generator 31.
- the electronic signal is amplified by an amplifier 32 and controls the excitation of the piezoelectric element 1 in the triboacoustic sensor via the connecting wire 5.
- the reflected ultrasonic signal passes through the connecting wire 5, is filtered with a filter 33, displayed by an amplifier 34 and, for example, by an oscilloscope 35 saved.
- the post-processing of the recorded data then takes place, for example, in the controller 30 or in a programmable logic controller (PLC).
- PLC programmable logic controller
- the connecting surface between the piezoelectric element 1 and the mechanical component 4 is in particular flat or has a curvature with a radius of at least ten times a possible radius of the surface of the electrode 1b of the piezoelectric element 1 provided for the solder layer 2.
- the electrical contact la and lb of the piezoelectric element 1 takes place via electrodes made of metal or metals from the group consisting of Ag, Cu, Au, Pd, Ni and their alloys.
- the surfaces of the electrodes la and lb are first cleaned mechanically in order to remove oxides in particular. Methods known per se are used for this purpose used, for example the use of a glass fiber brush or gas plasma cleaning.
- the metallic coating 3 and the further preparation of the electrodes 1 a and 1 b of the piezoelectric element 1 must include chemical steps (such as, for example, pickling) that prevent possible passivation of the surface.
- the thickness of the metallic coating 3 is set in connection with the wavelength characteristic of the operating frequency of the piezoelectric element 1 and is not more than l / 10.
- the layer thickness is typically in the range of 1-50 ⁇ m.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show the assembly process of the instrumented mechanical component 4.
- a soldering paste is applied to the metallic coating 3 for the further assembly process.
- the material composition and its specifications are already listed above.
- Flux as a further component for the production of the solder layer 2 is mechanically applied to the surface of the metallic component 4 provided for the production of the connection in order to keep it further free of oxide during the soldering process.
- the piezoelectric element 1 is then on the solder paste - expediently with the aid of a weight plate 16 - in the intended surface area of the Mechanical component 4 equipped with a metallic coating 3 is placed and loaded by applying a force, possibly a weight force, in the range of 2-10 N, preferably 5 N, as shown in FIG Indentation, for example a groove, which clarifies the mechanical component 4 in order to obtain a solder connection zone B that is as uniform and thin as possible.
- a heat source 17 is at a small distance from ( ⁇ 10 mm) of the piezoelectric element 1 is brought.
- the heating power of the heat source 17 is selected to be at least 500 W.
- the heat source 17 is removed so that the solder layer 2 can cool and solidify.
- Equations 1 and 2 show that reflection coefficients depend on the accuracy with which the reference amplitude and reference phase can be measured.
- References are usually acquired from an intermediate interface (interface) within fixed continuums or an interface with gas or air.
- a new method of referencing is used for the measuring method according to the invention.
- the reflection amplitudes 10 of the sound signal at the interface are measured with a Newtonian liquid with a viscosity of less than 5 mPa s.
- 9 to 11 show a comparison between the reflection amplitudes 10 detected at an interface with a reference lubricant (FIGS. 11 and 12) and the reflection amplitudes 10 (FIGS. 9 and 10) at an interface with air.
- the reference parameter recorded on the basis of the reflection from an interface with a liquid with low viscosity has a smaller measurement error:
- the deviation from the mean value is only up to 7% - in contrast to the measurement at the interface with air up to 15%.
- This is of crucial importance for the evaluation of the sound signal level to determine physical parameters in the tribo-contact, since errors in the measurement of the reference parameters not only affect the measurement of the reflection coefficient, but also disproportionately in the determination of the relevant physical parameters.
- the application of this inven- The reference method according to the invention therefore leads to a considerable increase in the measurement accuracy.
- the piezoelectric element 1 sends an evaluable signal, an ultrasonic wave, preferably in the form of a chirp , Burst, a continuous wave or are the wave that ausbrei tet through the sliding pad 26 until it hits the interface 27 with the intermediate material 28.
- the first reflection 23 of part of the sound energy takes place between the skid 21 and the sliding cushion 26 in the surface area 22 of the interface 27 which faces the piezoelectric element 1.
- the reflection 23 is transmitted back to the piezoelectric element 1 and used as a reference.
- the second reflection 25a of part of the sound energy takes place between the sliding cushion 26 and the intermediate material 28, in the surface area 24 of the interface 27.
- the third reflection 25b of part of the sound energy takes place between the friction surface 29 of the counter body interacting in tribo-contact, which can be separated from the interface 27 in the surface area 24 with an inter mediate substance 28 (in this case oil).
- the difference between the second reflection 25a and the third reflection 25b leads to the information about the tribological Concerning logical contact, the characteristic parameters of which are compared according to equation 5 with the parameters of the reference reflection.
- the index 1 relates to the reflection 23 and the index 2 either to the reflection 25a or 25b.
- the Re flexionscoefficient measured by the method according to the invention is subsequently converted into physical parameters of the tribological contact, e.g. B. Depth of wear or layer thickness of an adhesive lining of a friction surface, converted.
- B Depth of wear or layer thickness of an adhesive lining of a friction surface
- FIGS. 9 and 11 show the incident ultrasonic wave 9 and FIGS. 10 and 12 the comparison of the deviation of reflection amplitudes 10 measured with the conventional referencing method (with air at the reflecting interface) (FIGS. 9 and 10) with the method according to the invention (FIGS. 11 and 12), in which the reflected sound signal is evaluated at the interface 14 in the presence of a low-viscosity Newtonian fluid 20.
- the use of a liquid layer at the interface 14 reduces the inaccuracy by up to 50% over the temperature range considered for referencing.
- the surface of the recess is machined so that it has a roughness Ra of no more than 1/100. It is metallized according to the process described above.
- the piezoelectric element 1 is made of the materials already mentioned and is connected by soldering to the mechanical component 4 (here the skid 21 of the rocker arm) according to the method described above (preferred application).
- the piezoelectric element 1 is connected to the connecting wire 5 and then encapsulated with a waterproof potting compound 12.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ATA50503/2020A AT523895B1 (de) | 2020-06-10 | 2020-06-10 | Triboakustischer Sensor, dessen Herstellverfahren, Messverfahren und Verwendung |
PCT/AT2021/060200 WO2021248172A1 (de) | 2020-06-10 | 2021-06-08 | Triboakustischer sensor, dessen herstellverfahren, messverfahren und verwendung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4165403A1 true EP4165403A1 (de) | 2023-04-19 |
Family
ID=76522728
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP21733367.3A Withdrawn EP4165403A1 (de) | 2020-06-10 | 2021-06-08 | Triboakustischer sensor, dessen herstellverfahren, messverfahren und verwendung |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4165403A1 (de) |
AT (1) | AT523895B1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2021248172A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001060843A (ja) | 1999-08-23 | 2001-03-06 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | チップ型圧電部品 |
JP2002141576A (ja) | 2000-11-02 | 2002-05-17 | Fujitsu Ltd | ピエゾ素子と電極との接合方法及び該接合方法を使用したピエゾマイクロアクチュエータ |
DE102009054068A1 (de) | 2009-11-20 | 2011-05-26 | Epcos Ag | Lotmaterial zur Befestigung einer Außenelektrode bei einem piezoelektrischen Bauelement und piezoelektrisches Bauelement mit einem Lotmaterial |
DE102015005667A1 (de) * | 2015-05-02 | 2016-11-03 | Grasse Zur Ingenieurgesellschaft Mbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erfassung der Vernetzungsreaktion reaktiver Kunststoffe |
US11079359B2 (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2021-08-03 | General Electric Company | Sensor system and method |
-
2020
- 2020-06-10 AT ATA50503/2020A patent/AT523895B1/de active
-
2021
- 2021-06-08 EP EP21733367.3A patent/EP4165403A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-06-08 WO PCT/AT2021/060200 patent/WO2021248172A1/de unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2021248172A1 (de) | 2021-12-16 |
AT523895B1 (de) | 2023-06-15 |
AT523895A1 (de) | 2021-12-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2010883B1 (de) | Verbindungsbauteil mit temperaturfestem sensorelement | |
EP1440322B1 (de) | Mikrosensor | |
DE102005043037B4 (de) | Vorrichtung mit piezoakustischem Resonatorelement, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und Verfahren zur Ausgabe eines Signals in Abhängigkeit einer Resonanzfrequenz | |
EP0407397B1 (de) | Druckgeber zur druckerfassung im brennraum von brennkraftmaschinen | |
EP1444498A2 (de) | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur bestimmung der qualität eines fluids, insbesondere eines schmier-und/oder kühlmittels | |
CH708666A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Metall-Keramiklötverbindung. | |
DE102004045199B4 (de) | Messvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Temperatur und/oder Druck und Verwendung der Messvorrichtung | |
EP4165403A1 (de) | Triboakustischer sensor, dessen herstellverfahren, messverfahren und verwendung | |
DE10045370A1 (de) | Hubkolbenmaschine | |
WO2022069443A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von lastenanzeigenden verbindungsbauteilen und entsprechendes lastanzeigendes verbindungsbauteil | |
EP2158455B1 (de) | Verfahren zur messung von strömungsgeschwindigkeiiten in flüssigen schmelzen | |
EP4076833A1 (de) | Fügen von zwei bauteilen eines feldgeräts der prozess- und automatisierungstechnik | |
EP1255099A2 (de) | Drucksensor zur Druckerfassung in einem Motorbrennraum sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung | |
DE102021208761A1 (de) | Verbindung eines Sensorchips mit einem Messobjekt | |
AT521598A4 (de) | Gleitlagerelement | |
DE10211992C2 (de) | Drucksensor zur Druckerfassung in einem Motorbrennraum sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung | |
DE102005042485A1 (de) | Sensoranordnung für einen Mediensensor, Ölzustandssensor und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Sensoranordnung | |
EP4179307A1 (de) | Vorrichtung zum bestimmen erstens einer wärmeleitfähigkeit und/oder der spezifischen wärmekapazität eines gasgemischs und zweitens einer dichte und/oder einer viskosität des gasgemischs | |
DE102018112023A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Thermometers | |
DE102020121688A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Sensorelements und ionenselektive Elektrode | |
DE102008010546B4 (de) | Überwachungsvorrichtung und Überwachungsverfahren zur Überwachung eines heißen Prüfkörpers auf Materialfehler sowie Herstellverfahren | |
DE102016125840A1 (de) | Gasanalysevorrichtung | |
DE10317584B4 (de) | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Vorrichtung mit einem ersten Körper aus Stahl und einem Isolator | |
WO2024037806A1 (de) | SENSORELEMENT ZUR ERFASSUNG VON ZUMINDEST EINER PHYSIKALISCHEN ODER CHEMISCHEN MESSGRÖßE UND SENSORANORDNUNG | |
EP4327568A1 (de) | Verfahren und anordnung zur fügung eines piezoelektrischen materials für einen weiten temperaturbereich |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20221206 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20230728 |