EP4161731A1 - Procédé de surveillance des contraintes résiduelles de compression d'éléments lors d'un processus d'usinage par grenaillage de précontrainte - Google Patents

Procédé de surveillance des contraintes résiduelles de compression d'éléments lors d'un processus d'usinage par grenaillage de précontrainte

Info

Publication number
EP4161731A1
EP4161731A1 EP21730856.8A EP21730856A EP4161731A1 EP 4161731 A1 EP4161731 A1 EP 4161731A1 EP 21730856 A EP21730856 A EP 21730856A EP 4161731 A1 EP4161731 A1 EP 4161731A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shot peening
compressive stresses
residual compressive
magnetic parameters
components
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21730856.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Mathias Haenel
Marco Beier
Karsten Frank
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP4161731A1 publication Critical patent/EP4161731A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/0047—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to residual stresses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/10—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for compacting surfaces, e.g. shot-peening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C3/00—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
    • B24C3/08—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants essentially adapted for abrasive blasting of travelling stock or travelling workpieces
    • B24C3/10—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants essentially adapted for abrasive blasting of travelling stock or travelling workpieces for treating external surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0019—Compressive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/005—Electromagnetic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/0664—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using witness specimens
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
    • G01N27/725—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables by using magneto-acoustical effects or the Barkhausen effect

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for monitoring the resulting internal compressive stresses of components in a shot peening process, with the step of introducing specimens into the shot peening process, which are processed in addition to the components.
  • the invention relates to a device for carrying out the method.
  • Shot peening is common practice when treating metal components to increase or restore fatigue resistance or component strength.
  • Spherical abrasive is made to impact the surface of a component, producing very small spherical plasticizations on the surface and introducing residual compressive stress into the component in the peened surface of the component. It is highly desirable, if not necessary, to control the intensity of the shot peening because an intensity above and below a critical intensity range can result in a component that has less optimal fatigue resistance properties or generally lower component strengths.
  • Alment test which uses an Almen strip, the curvature of which, commonly referred to as the arch height, can be used to measure intensity.
  • the Almen strips are thin precision strips (with controlled hardness and thickness) Made of 1070 steel, which are screwed to a holder that prevents the strip from flexing until the bolts are loosened. The strip is then exposed to the stream of abrasive under the same conditions as the component being blasted. After the strip has been blasted for a predetermined period of time, the strip is removed from the holder and the arch height (deflection) is measured.
  • GB 2475214 B discloses such a method for determining the shot peening intensity on a shot peening surface of a workpiece. To do this, the Almen test strip is attached to a shot peen surface. After processing, the Almen test strip is removed in order to determine the arch height and thus the shot peening intensity on the shot peening surface.
  • the Almentest has the disadvantage that it is used to determine the beam energy.
  • the direct effect on the target material is not determined, namely the compressive residual stresses that are decisive for the component strength.
  • the clamping conditions for the Almen test strips must be adhered to very precisely, which makes this measurement method time-consuming.
  • the leaflets are only locally plasticized, so that the result of the measurement of the deflection is strongly falsified and no longer meaningful.
  • a standardized material is used, which in most cases does not correspond to the material to be processed, so that it cannot be transferred.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method with which, in the case of shot-peened components, a simpler and more precise return of the residual compressive stresses to absolute measurement methods is possible.
  • the object is achieved by a method having the features according to claim 1.
  • the invention is characterized by the steps of measuring the magnetic parameters of the specimen after the shot peening process, and determining the absolute measured values of the residual compressive stresses stored for the magnetic parameters on the basis of calibration data.
  • the magnetic parameters according to the invention are values which are determined by means of a magnetic measuring method, which are representative of the compressive residual stresses in the test body and the selected material.
  • the magnetic measuring method enables the non-destructive measurement of the relative internal compressive stresses of the specimen.
  • the magnetic parameters are determined by means of the Barkhausen noise.
  • these parameters are determined by means of the overlay permeability.
  • the absolute measured values of the residual compressive stresses are values by means of which the absolute residual compressive stresses of the test specimens are specified. These are preferably determined by means of X-ray iffractometry, which is usually a destructive measurement method.
  • the calibration data indicate a relationship between the magnetic parameters and the absolute residual compressive stresses for a certain type of component and material.
  • the calibration data are created on the basis of a large number of specimens with selected material and condition, to which the magnetic parameters are correlated with measured absolute measured values of the residual compressive stresses.
  • various absolute measured values are assigned to magnetic parameters of a component type with the selected material and condition, so that these can be used during the Operation can be determined from the magnetic parameters. This is preferably carried out on components before the shot peening process is carried out, so that the number of rejects is minimized.
  • the process parameters of the shot peening process are adapted when a deviation in the magnetic parameters is determined. Due to the constant monitoring of the magnetic parameters, a deviation can be detected during operation that is outside of a tolerance range. On the basis of this deviation, the process parameters, such as the blasting media used, the blasting pressure or the beam spread, can be varied in order to achieve the required values. This avoids the production of rejects or minimizes the number of these parts. The process can thus be carried out more economically and the quality of the components produced is improved.
  • the absolute measured values of the residual compressive stresses are preferably measured on a test specimen as required. This has the advantage that a discrepancy in the production process or in the material is recognized early on. In the case of such a deviation, the calibration data cannot provide any reliable information on the absolute measured values of the compressive stresses either. Such a discrepancy can thus be recognized at an early stage, so that the number of rejects is minimized and the quality is improved.
  • the calibration data if the calibration data deviates from the measured absolute measured values, the calibration data are updated. This replaces the previous data with new data. As a result, process-related standard deviations can be corrected, so that the accuracy of the measurement is improved.
  • the sample body is advantageously arranged at a measurement position of a dummy component in the form of the component before it is introduced into the shot peening process.
  • the dummy component has the same geometric dimensions as the component. Additionally a receptacle for introducing the specimen is formed in the dummy component.
  • the measurement position is a position on the dummy component at which the residual compressive stresses achieved for the components are to be determined. Since the geometric dimensions of the component have an effect on the residual compressive stresses achieved, the residual compressive stress achieved for the component can be determined more precisely. This can improve the quality of the components.
  • the sample body is arranged at a measuring position of the dummy component, which is inaccessible for the absolute measurement of the residual compressive stresses and / or measurement of the magnetic parameters, and is removed from this measuring position for measurement after the shot peening process.
  • An inaccessible measuring position is understood to be a position, such as the bottom of a borehole, which can only be reached for measuring by destroying the remaining areas. Destruction of the surrounding areas would, however, falsify the measurement result due to the rearrangement of the residual compressive stresses, so that no precise statement on the residual compressive stresses is possible. The residual compressive stresses can therefore also be measured precisely in inaccessible areas.
  • the surface of the sample body exposed to the shot peening process is designed to be flat.
  • a flat surface has the advantage that, in particular for an absolute measuring method such as X-ray diffraction, no processing of the surface is necessary and the residual compressive stresses can be determined more precisely.
  • the same material and / or the same size ratios and / or the same pretreatment are used for the test body as compared to the component.
  • the residual compressive stresses achieved can be determined more precisely for this material.
  • the size ratios are understood to mean that the specimen has the same material thickness as the component, for example. This can cause the material thickness Deviations in the residual compressive stresses between the component and the specimen are minimized, so that the measurement results are improved.
  • Pretreatment in the context of the invention is understood to mean treatments such as, for example, heat treatment, surface layer hardening, coatings, etc. Due to the same pretreatment of the specimens, the deviations in the residual compressive stresses caused thereby can be excluded, so that the accuracy of the measurement results can also be improved as a result.
  • the object is additionally achieved by a device for carrying out the method.
  • the device comprises a shot peening machine for shot peening components, a measuring device for measuring the magnetic parameters of specimens, a
  • Measured value processing device by means of which absolute measured values of the residual compressive stress can be output using the magnetic parameters
  • a process control device by means of which the process parameters of the shot peening machine can be controlled using the absolute measured values of the residual compressive stresses.
  • the calibration data on the basis of which the residual compressive stresses are determined, are stored in the measured value processing device.
  • the measuring device and the measured value processing device can also be arranged together in a common device. The advantages mentioned in relation to the method can be achieved with such a device.
  • FIG. 1 embodiment of a device for performing the method according to the invention
  • Figure 2 embodiment of the method according to the invention
  • Figure 3 embodiment of a component and a dummy component with sample body.
  • the device has a processing line 14 on which components 18 are arranged.
  • a sample body 22 is occasionally arranged on the processing line 14 instead of a component.
  • the device also has a shot peening machine 26 in which the components 18 and the specimens 22 are shot peened one after the other.
  • the specimens 22 are removed from the processing line 14 and fed to a measuring device 30.
  • the magnetic parameters are determined, for example, by means of the Barkhausen noise.
  • the values determined using this method are passed on to a measured value processing device 34 which, on the basis of stored calibration data, assigns absolute measured values of the residual compressive stresses to the magnetic parameters.
  • the absolute measured values of the residual compressive stresses are passed on to a process control device 38 which, if necessary, changes the process parameters of the shot peening machine 26 based on these values so that the absolute measured values obtained after the shot peening machine 26 are again within a specified tolerance range.
  • Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • a first step A the specimen 22 is placed in the shot peening process in addition to the components 18, so that the specimen 22 undergoes the same shot peening as the component 18.
  • the magnetic parameters of the specimen 22 are determined after the shot peening process .
  • the absolute measured values are determined in a subsequent step C, using calibration data.
  • the blasting process is adjusted in step A based on the absolute measured values.
  • step D which follows step C, but which is only carried out when required, the specimen 22 is fed to an absolute measuring method by means of which the internal compressive stresses are determined.
  • the determined values are then fed to the calibration data in step C in order to correct them if necessary.
  • FIG. 3 an exemplary embodiment of a component 18 and a dummy component 42 with sample body 22 is shown.
  • a possible embodiment of a component 18 is shown.
  • This component 18 has a deep material recess 46.
  • a substrate 50 of this material cutout 46 would be inaccessible for the magnetic measurement method and for, for example, X-ray diffractometry. Before this substrate 50 can be measured, the two sides 54 delimiting the material recess 46 would have to be removed.
  • a dummy component 42 which has a lateral shaft 58 in the area of the substrate 50, via which the sample body 22 can be inserted into and removed from the dummy component 42.
  • the sample body 22 can be measured after the shot peening without destroying the sample body 22 and thus falsifying the measurement results.
  • Partial figure c. shows an embodiment of the sample body 22. This is designed as a flat plate.

Landscapes

  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de surveillance des contraintes résiduelles résultantes de compression d'éléments (18) lors d'un processus d'usinage par grenaillage de précontrainte. Selon l'invention, le procédé comprend les étapes suivantes : l'introduction (A) d'échantillons de test (22) dans le processus d'usinage par grenaillage de précontrainte, lesdits échantillons de test étant usinés en plus des éléments (18) ; la mesure (B) des caractéristiques magnétiques des échantillons de test (22) après le processus d'usinage par grenaillage de précontrainte ; et la détermination (C) des valeurs de mesure absolues des contraintes résiduelles de compression stockées en association avec les caractéristiques magnétiques, sur la base de données d'étalonnage.
EP21730856.8A 2020-06-03 2021-06-01 Procédé de surveillance des contraintes résiduelles de compression d'éléments lors d'un processus d'usinage par grenaillage de précontrainte Pending EP4161731A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020206906.9A DE102020206906A1 (de) 2020-06-03 2020-06-03 Verfahren zur Überwachung der Druckeigenspannungen von Bauteilen eines Kugelstrahlbearbeitungsprozesses
PCT/EP2021/064665 WO2021245074A1 (fr) 2020-06-03 2021-06-01 Procédé de surveillance des contraintes résiduelles de compression d'éléments lors d'un processus d'usinage par grenaillage de précontrainte

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4161731A1 true EP4161731A1 (fr) 2023-04-12

Family

ID=76325519

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21730856.8A Pending EP4161731A1 (fr) 2020-06-03 2021-06-01 Procédé de surveillance des contraintes résiduelles de compression d'éléments lors d'un processus d'usinage par grenaillage de précontrainte

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4161731A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN115697633A (fr)
DE (1) DE102020206906A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021245074A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7911205B2 (en) * 2007-09-25 2011-03-22 General Electric Company Electromagnetic resonance frequency inspection systems and methods
US7735350B2 (en) 2008-09-29 2010-06-15 General Electric Co. Measuring intensity of shot peening in areas with difficult accessibility
JP6104161B2 (ja) * 2010-12-21 2017-03-29 新東工業株式会社 表面特性評価装置及び表面特性評価方法
WO2015107725A1 (fr) * 2014-01-20 2015-07-23 新東工業株式会社 Dispositif et procédé d'examen de caractéristiques de surface
EP3593945B1 (fr) * 2017-06-30 2023-03-15 Sintokogio, Ltd. Dispositif de traitement par projection de particules abrasives
CN110869756B (zh) * 2017-07-10 2023-10-27 新东工业株式会社 表面特性评价方法、表面特性评价装置以及表面特性评价系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN115697633A (zh) 2023-02-03
DE102020206906A1 (de) 2021-12-09
WO2021245074A1 (fr) 2021-12-09

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