EP1604782B1 - Outil de meulage à capteurs micromagnétiques intégrés - Google Patents

Outil de meulage à capteurs micromagnétiques intégrés Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1604782B1
EP1604782B1 EP20050011489 EP05011489A EP1604782B1 EP 1604782 B1 EP1604782 B1 EP 1604782B1 EP 20050011489 EP20050011489 EP 20050011489 EP 05011489 A EP05011489 A EP 05011489A EP 1604782 B1 EP1604782 B1 EP 1604782B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grinding
integrated
sensors
workpiece
micromagnetic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP20050011489
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1604782A1 (fr
Inventor
Bernd Dr.-Ing. Wolter
Rolf Dr.Rer.Nat. Kern
Harald Kopp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/14—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the temperature during grinding

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a grinding tool, in particular a grinding wheel, with a base body and an abrasive coating applied to the base body.
  • the invention further relates to a grinding apparatus and a method for monitoring a grinding process with such a grinding tool.
  • An example of such a device and method are in the PS US-A-4 633 620 released.
  • Grinding is one of the most important manufacturing processes in the industry, especially in the production of high-precision and highly stressed components. Characteristic of the grinding process is the cutting with a variety of undefined cutting edges, which are simultaneously in contact with the workpiece, creating a large amount of frictional heat. The grinding process introduces plastic deformation and heat into the workpiece, which can cause changes in the microstructure and the residual stress state in the material. The reduction of favorable internal compressive stresses in the edge zone of the workpiece, the formation of tempering zones and in extreme cases of re-hardening zones - briefly exceeding the Austenitmaschinestemperatur and subsequent quenching by the coolant - are undesirable changes that occur when incorrectly grinding steel workpieces. This so-called grinding burn affects the Profitability of the production chain is particularly negative because the workpieces have been significantly increased by the previous processes.
  • the grinding result is checked only after completion of the grinding process.
  • a standardized method for the detection of grinding burn is the Nitaliser method.
  • this method involves the risk of material damage due to the test equipment used.
  • structural changes but not the reduction of residual compressive stresses can be detected.
  • the latter succeeds with the aid of elaborate analysis methods, such as, for example, X-ray diffractometry, and more recently also by means of nondestructive testing methods based on micromagnetic methods.
  • thermocouples integrated into the grinding wheel as well as the use of miniaturized piezoelectric sensors, with which the at Contact point occurring tangential and normal forces and vibrations of the grinding wheel are measured.
  • oil-based coolants which are particularly common in industrial grinding, the integrated thermocouples provide unreliable results.
  • micromagnetic non-destructive testing methods For checking workpieces made of metallic materials, it is also known to quantitatively detect grinding damage after the grinding process by means of micromagnetic non-destructive testing methods. These micromagnetic processes are successfully used for so-called post-process testing of the edge zone of ground workpieces. They are used for the qualitative detection of grinding burns as well as for the quantitative characterization of edge zone properties after grinding.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a technique that enables reliable process-integrated testing of the workpiece during the grinding process.
  • the essential feature of the proposed solution consists in the integration of micromagnetic sensors in the form of one or more electrical coils in the grinding tool itself.
  • the grinding tool in particular a grinding wheel, in this case has a base body and an abrasive coating applied to the base body.
  • the one or more electrical coils are integrated in the base body and / or abrasive coating and / or attached thereto.
  • these are one or more electric coils below the surface of the abrasive coating in the base body and / or abrasive coating and / or near the Interface disposed between the abrasive coating and the base body.
  • the one or more electric coils in this case have corresponding connecting lines via which the signal received by them can be supplied to a signal processing electronics.
  • this signal processing electronics is attached to the main body, for example in an auxiliary housing rotating with a grinding wheel as the main body, or integrated in it.
  • the signal processing electronics can, for example, the preamplifying, filtering and u. U. also make the digitizing of the detected signals.
  • the transmission of the signals processed or preprocessed by the signal processing electronics then takes place wirelessly to a receiving unit of the grinding device, from which the data is provided for further processing.
  • Corresponding wireless transmission methods between two parts moving relative to one another, in particular the rotating grinding wheel and the stationary part of the grinding device are known to the person skilled in the art. For this purpose, for example, are an inductive signal transmission, a transmission by means of photosensitive sensors or a transmission by means of sliding contact. Comparable techniques can also be used for the wireless power supply of the signal processing electronics present on the main body.
  • the tool - integrated micromagnetic sensors can be used to process both the current grinding process and the state variables of the process metallic workpiece in the contact zone during grinding can be determined. This results in a variety of applications.
  • the integrated sensors can be used in particular with CBN grinding tools with ceramic bond, which are increasingly used because of their wide range of applications and the relatively simple application preparation.
  • micromechanical sensors directly in the grinding tool enables the monitoring of the workpiece during the grinding process directly in the contact zone and on the other hand has the potential for the detection of numerous process and state variables that may be relevant for the occurrence of grinding damage.
  • micromagnetic sensors for different methods for checking the workpiece can be used, such.
  • all these methods are based on the generation and analysis of magnetic hysteresis curves in the workpiece.
  • This requires a high-amplitude cyclic magnetization, which is usually generated by means of an electromagnetic yoke which is placed on the surface of the workpiece to be examined.
  • the limited magnetization frequency limits the maximum possible measurement speed.
  • the magnetization yoke also prevents the construction of small, easy-to-integrate sensors.
  • a cyclic magnetization of the workpiece in the contact zone can be realized, for example, by an external magnetizing device integrated into the workpiece holder of the grinding machine.
  • a cyclic magnetization of the workpiece can also be implemented by a suitable arrangement of permanent magnets in the grinding tool moving relative to the workpiece, in particular a rotating grinding wheel.
  • micromagnetic measures such as the eddy current impedance
  • eddy current impedance are dependent on the electrical conductivity and the magnetic permeability in the material. Both material properties are strongly temperature dependent. Therefore, these micromagnetic quantities can be used for continuous non-contact temperature measurement in metallic materials.
  • the grinding temperature in the contact zone is thus a first process variable which can be determined with the aid of the micromagnetic sensors integrated in the grinding tool during the grinding process.
  • the large difference in the values of conductivity and magnetic permeability between the non-metallic abrasive coating, - for BNC coatings: boron nitride grains in ceramic matrix - and metallic abrasion allows the determination of a further process variable for the condition of the abrasive coating.
  • the micromagnetic measured variables are influenced by the contamination or the clogging of the abrasive coating with grinding abrasion, when the rotating grinding wheel is not in contact with the workpiece. The clogging of the abrasive coating can then be derived from the measurement signals.
  • micromagnetic parameters Another factor influencing the micromagnetic parameters is the distance between the micromagnetic sensor and the surface of the micromagnetic sensor metallic workpiece. This correlation has been used in the past to measure the change in the diameter of cylindrical workpieces during grinding with high precision using external micromagnetic sensors. If the sensor is integrated in the grinding tool, the wear of the abrasive coating and / or the grinding removal in the workpiece can be continuously monitored on the basis of the determination of the distance between sensor and workpiece.
  • micromagnetic sensors integrated in the grinding tool not only can the above-mentioned process variables be determined, but also the edge zone properties of the workpiece and their changes during grinding can be analyzed in detail.
  • workpiece sizes such as surface hardness, hardening depth, residual stress state and retained austenite content, can be quantitatively determined and local grinding defects such as tempering zones, rebarking zones and sanding cracks can be detected.
  • the corresponding measured variables can be detected simultaneously and at the same time the influence of disturbance variables can be suppressed by linking the information contents of different micromagnetic measured variables by means of regression methods (multiparameter analysis). This combination of measured variables is also possible if only the eddy current method is used as a multi-frequency method. Based on the multiparameter analysis, not only the state variables but also different process variables can be determined simultaneously.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a structure of a grinding tool, in the present example a grinding wheel 1, which may be configured according to the present invention.
  • the illustrated grinding wheel 1 is composed of a disc-shaped main body 2 with a circumferential abrasive coating 3 applied thereto.
  • the abrasive coating 3 is executed segmented, that is composed of individual Schleifbelagsegmenten 4, as is apparent from the FIG. 1 is apparent.
  • a housing 8 is flanged, in which an electronic module 7 is integrated for signal processing of the transmitted signals from the electric coil, not shown.
  • the one or more electric coils may be integrated in the grinding wheel 1 in different ways.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example, at the electric coil 5 is formed as a rectangular cylindrical coil which is wound around the lower portion of a Schleifbelagsegmentes 4.
  • the coil 5 is connected via connecting lines 6, as well as in the following embodiments, with the electronics module.
  • This electronic module is used primarily for pre-amplification, filtering and optionally also for digitizing the detected signals.
  • the analog or digital signals generated by the electronics module are then forwarded by means of a telemetry device, not shown, to an external electronic unit where it is further processed and evaluated.
  • various approaches are possible, for example, a transmission by means of sliding contact, an inductive signal transmission or a transmission of digitized signals by means of photosensitive sensors.
  • FIG. 3 shows another example of the integration of an electric coil 5 in the grinding wheel 1.
  • the electric coil 5 is mounted as a rectangular flat coil on the underside of a Schleifbelagsegments 4.
  • Schleifbelagsegments 4 In the same way, of course, there is the possibility of other coil shapes, such as.
  • the circular flat coil of FIG. 4 to install at the bottom of a segment 4.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of the use of a circular cylindrical coil 5 with a ferrite core 9.
  • the ferrite core 9 in this case pierces the segment 4 of the abrasive covering 3.
  • the cylindrical coil 5 itself is formed on the underside of the segment 4.
  • a plurality of coils 5 can be integrated into the grinding wheel 1 by 3 coils 5 are attached to a plurality of segments 4 of the abrasive coating.
  • the coils 5 it is of course possible to apply the coils 5 as flat coils on the boundary surface of the carrier body 2 below the abrasive pad 3.
  • FIG. 6 shows for this purpose the formation of an array of circular flat coils 5 at the bottom of a segment 4th
  • FIG. 7 Another possible embodiment of the electric coil 5 is in the FIG. 7 shown.
  • an electric coil is applied as a meander-shaped flat coil 5 on the boundary surface of the carrier body 2 below the abrasive pad 3.
  • the coil 5 extends over several segments 4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Dispositif de meulage comprenant un porte-pièce et un outil de meulage (1), en particulier un disque de meulage qui présente un corps de base (2) et une garniture de meulage (3) placée sur le corps de base (2), sachant qu'une ou plusieurs bobine(s) électrique(s) (5) est/sont intégrée(s) en tant que capteurs micromagnétiques dans le corps de base (2) et/ou la garniture de meulage (3) et/ou est/sont placée(s) sur ceux-ci,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    un appareil pour produire un champ magnétique alternatif au niveau d'une zone de contact de la pièce avec l'outil de meulage (1) est intégré dans le porte-pièce ou fixé sur le porte-pièce et/ou un ou plusieurs aimant(s) permanent(s) est/sont intégré(s) dans le corps de base (2) et/ou la garniture de meulage (3).
  2. Dispositif de meulage selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'une/les plusieurs bobine(s) électrique(s) (5) est/sont reliée(s) par des fils de raccordement (6) à une électronique de traitement du signal (7) placée sur le corps de base (2) ou intégrée dans le corps de base (2).
  3. Dispositif de meulage selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'une/les plusieurs bobine(s) électrique(s) (5) est/sont placée(s) sur l'une des faces de délimitation du corps de base (2) tournée vers la garniture de meulage (3) et/ou est/sont intégrée(s) dans celui-ci.
  4. Dispositif de meulage selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'une/les plusieurs bobine(s) électrique(s) (5) est/sont placée(s) sur une face inférieure de la garniture de meulage (3) et/ou est/sont intégrée(s) dans celle-ci.
  5. Dispositif de meulage selon la revendication 4,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la garniture de meulage (3) est composée de plusieurs segments (4).
  6. Dispositif de meulage selon la revendication 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'une/les plusieurs bobine(s) électrique(s) (5) est/sont enroulée(s) autour des segments (4).
  7. Dispositif de meulage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'une/les plusieurs bobine(s) électrique(s) (5) est/sont formée(s) en tant que bobines plates.
  8. Dispositif de meulage selon la revendication 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les bobines électriques (5) sont placées en tant que rangée de bobines plates sur la face inférieure d'au moins un des segments (4).
  9. Dispositif de meulage selon la revendication 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la garniture de meulage (3) est composée de plusieurs segments (4), sachant que l'une/les plusieurs bobine(s) électrique(s) (5) sont formées en tant que bobines plates à méandres et s'étendent au-dessus de plusieurs segments (4).
  10. Dispositif de meulage selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'une/les bobine(s) électrique(s) (5) est/sont formée(s) en tant que bobines cylindriques avec un noyau en ferrite qui est intégré entièrement dans la garniture de meulage (3).
  11. Procédé pour surveiller une procédure de meulage, dans lequel un dispositif de meulage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10 est employé, et des signaux obtenus des bobines électriques (5) de l'outil de meulage (1) sont évalués, sachant que la pièce est magnétisée de manière cyclique pendant la procédure de meulage pour obtenir plusieurs valeurs de mesure micromagnétiques avec les capteurs micromagnétiques de l'outil de meulage (1).
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les capteurs micromagnétiques de l'outil de meulage (1) sont utilisés pour une mesure de la température sans contact dans des matériaux métalliques.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 11 ou 12,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les capteurs micromagnétiques de l'outil de meulage (1) sont utilisés pour la surveillance de l'encrassement de la garniture de meulage avec des copeaux de meulage.
  14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 11 à 13,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les capteurs micromagnétiques de l'outil de meulage (1) sont utilisés pour la surveillance de l'enlèvement par meulage dans la pièce.
  15. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 11 à 14,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les capteurs micromagnétiques de l'outil de meulage (1) sont utilisés pour surveiller la dureté de surface, la profondeur de trempe, l'état de la contrainte interne et la teneur en austénite restante dans la pièce ainsi que pour prouver et/ou caractériser de manière quantitative des erreurs de meulage.
  16. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 11 à 15,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la procédure de meulage est commandée ou réglée en se basant sur des signaux de mesure des capteurs micromagnétiques de l'outil de meulage (1).
  17. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 11 à 16,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la magnétisation cyclique est effectuée par des capteurs intégrés dans l'outil de meulage (1) avec des aimants à champ alternatif (électroaimants) ou par un agencement approprié d'aimants permanents intégrés dans l'outil de meulage (1) ou par un dispositif de magnétisation externe intégré dans le porte-pièce sur la base d'aimants à champ alternatif (électroaimants).
EP20050011489 2004-06-08 2005-05-27 Outil de meulage à capteurs micromagnétiques intégrés Expired - Fee Related EP1604782B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004027846 2004-06-08
DE200410027846 DE102004027846B4 (de) 2004-06-08 2004-06-08 Schleifvorrichtung mit integrierten mikromagnetischen Sensoren

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1604782A1 EP1604782A1 (fr) 2005-12-14
EP1604782B1 true EP1604782B1 (fr) 2012-01-18

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EP (1) EP1604782B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102004027846B4 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10300574B2 (en) 2014-10-24 2019-05-28 Velasa Sports, Inc. Skate blade sharpening system
EP3915724A1 (fr) * 2014-10-24 2021-12-01 Velasa Sports, Inc. Système d'affûtage de lame de patin et procédé d'alignement d'un composant de meulage dans un système d'affûtage de lame de patin
IT201900000777A1 (it) * 2019-01-18 2020-07-18 S I A P I Soc Importazione Approvvigionamenti Prodotti Industriali S R L Mola per la lavorazione superficiale di pezzi e apparecchiatura utensile utilizzante detta mola
US11969851B2 (en) 2020-07-31 2024-04-30 Velasa Sports, Inc. Skate blade sharpening system

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4502253A (en) * 1982-08-12 1985-03-05 Magnaflux Corporation Surface treating and testing apparatus
US4633620A (en) * 1982-08-12 1987-01-06 Magnaflux Corporation System for processing of steel billets or the like to remove surface defects
DE19908037B4 (de) * 1998-08-07 2006-04-13 Tawakoli, Taghi, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Werkzeug zur Materialbearbeitung
WO2000036543A1 (fr) * 1998-12-16 2000-06-22 University Of Massachusetts Systeme de meule
JP2005517290A (ja) * 2002-02-06 2005-06-09 アプライド　マテリアルズ　インコーポレイテッド 渦電流モニタリングシステムを備えた化学機械的研磨の為の方法及び装置

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DE102004027846A1 (de) 2006-01-05
DE102004027846B4 (de) 2007-06-06

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