EP4156217A1 - Appareil de connexion de protection - Google Patents

Appareil de connexion de protection Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4156217A1
EP4156217A1 EP21216126.9A EP21216126A EP4156217A1 EP 4156217 A1 EP4156217 A1 EP 4156217A1 EP 21216126 A EP21216126 A EP 21216126A EP 4156217 A1 EP4156217 A1 EP 4156217A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
unit
switching device
protective switching
impedance
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21216126.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Fabian Döbler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to PCT/EP2022/075901 priority Critical patent/WO2023052163A1/fr
Priority to EP22786794.2A priority patent/EP4374403A1/fr
Priority to CN202280065374.4A priority patent/CN118043926A/zh
Publication of EP4156217A1 publication Critical patent/EP4156217A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/548—Electromechanical and static switch connected in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/547—Combinations of mechanical switches and static switches, the latter being controlled by the former

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of a protective switching device for a low-voltage circuit with an electronic interruption unit.
  • Low voltage means voltages of up to 1000 volts AC or up to 1500 volts DC.
  • Low voltage means, in particular, voltages that are greater than extra-low voltage, with values of 50 volts AC or 120 volts DC.
  • Low-voltage circuits or networks or systems mean circuits with rated currents or rated currents of up to 125 amperes, more specifically up to 63 amperes.
  • Low-voltage circuits mean, in particular, circuits with nominal currents or rated currents of up to 50 amperes, 40 amperes, 32 amperes, 25 amperes, 16 amperes or 10 amperes.
  • the current values mentioned refer in particular to nominal, rated and/or cut-off currents, i.e. the maximum current that is normally carried through the circuit or at which the electrical circuit is usually interrupted, for example by a protective device such as a Protective switching device, miniature circuit breaker or circuit breaker.
  • the rated currents can be scaled further, from 0.5 A to 1 A, 2 A, 3 A, 4 A, 5 A, 6 A, 7 A, 8 A, 9 A, 10 A, etc. up to 16 A.
  • Miniature circuit breakers have long been known overcurrent protection devices that are used in electrical installation technology in low-voltage circuits. These protect lines from damage caused by heating due to excessive current and/or short circuits.
  • a circuit breaker can switch off the circuit automatically in the event of an overload and/or short circuit.
  • a miniature circuit breaker is a safety element that cannot be reset automatically.
  • circuit breakers are intended for currents greater than 125 A, sometimes even from 63 amperes. Miniature circuit breakers are therefore simpler and more delicate in design.
  • Miniature circuit breakers usually have a mounting option for mounting on a so-called top-hat rail (mounting rail, DIN rail, TH35).
  • Miniature circuit breakers have an electromechanical design. In a housing, they have a mechanical switch contact or shunt trip for interrupting (tripping) the electrical current.
  • a bimetallic protective element or bimetallic element is usually used to trip (interrupt) in the event of a prolonged overcurrent (overcurrent protection) or in the event of thermal overload (overload protection).
  • An electromagnetic release with a coil is used for short-term release when an overcurrent limit is exceeded or in the event of a short circuit (short-circuit protection).
  • One or more arc quenching chamber(s) or devices for arc quenching are provided. Furthermore, connection elements for conductors of the electrical circuit to be protected.
  • Protective switching devices with an electronic interrupting unit are relatively new developments. These have a semiconductor-based electronic interruption unit. This means that the flow of electrical current in the low-voltage circuit is conducted via semiconductor components or semiconductor switches, which interrupt the flow of electrical current or can be switched to be conductive.
  • Protective switching devices with an electronic interruption unit also often have a mechanical isolating contact system, in particular with isolating properties in accordance with the relevant standards for low-voltage circuits, the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact system being connected in series with the electronic interruption unit, i.e. the current of the low-voltage circuit to be protected is mechanical isolating contact system as well as via the electronic interrupting unit.
  • a harmonic AC voltage can be represented by rotating a pointer whose length corresponds to the amplitude (U) of the voltage.
  • the instantaneous deflection is the projection of the pointer onto a coordinate system.
  • a period of oscillation corresponds to a full revolution of the pointer and its full angle is 2 ⁇ (2Pi) or 360°.
  • the angular frequency is the rate of change of the phase angle of this rotating phasor.
  • the time-dependent value from the angular velocity ⁇ and the time t corresponds to the time-dependent angle ⁇ (t), which is also referred to as the phase angle ⁇ (t).
  • the object of the present invention is to improve a protective switching device of the type mentioned at the outset, in particular to improve the safety of such a protective switching device or to achieve greater safety in the electrical low-voltage circuit to be protected by the protective switching device.
  • a first measurement impedance is provided between the conductors on the load-side connections.
  • the first measurement impedance is provided after the mechanical isolating contact unit, seen from the line-side connections, ie seen from a potential energy source.
  • the measuring impedance can be determined by measurement when the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit on the load-side connections are open. For example, if the measurement impedance is a resistor, its resistance value (plus potential line resistance) can be determined. Other units of the protective switching device are electrically isolated by the open contacts.
  • the first measuring resistor can be used to test the function of the protective switching device.
  • a measuring current can thus flow via the first measuring resistor.
  • the protective switching device is designed such that the first measuring impedance is used to determine a closed state of the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit, in particular when the load is not connected to the load-side connections.
  • an unintended (incorrect) closed state of the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit is determined, e.g. if contacts are welded or stuck together, for example due to excessive currents.
  • the passive measuring impedance means that voltages or signals are not carried over via the mechanical isolating contact unit (especially when the contacts are open) (for example, in contrast to when a voltage measurement were provided instead of the measuring resistor, which is connected to the control unit is).
  • the measurement impedance is a purely passive element with no galvanic connection to the control unit.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit has a handle for opening and closing the contacts. Furthermore, a position sensor connected to the control unit can be provided, which in particular determines the position of the handle and transmits it to the control unit.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit is designed in such a way that the contacts can be opened by the control unit but not closed.
  • the protective switching device is designed in such a way that, for the functional test of the protective switching device, when the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit are open and the electronic interrupter unit is switched to high resistance, the electronic interrupter unit is switched to a low-resistance state for a first period of time, so that only then does a measuring current flow through the first measuring impedance flows when the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit are unexpectedly (faulty) closed.
  • the electronic interruption unit then remains in a high-impedance state and/or an error state of the protective switching device is signaled.
  • the electronic interruption unit starting from the high-impedance state, is switched to the low-impedance state for a first period of time and is then again in the high-impedance state.
  • the first period of time can be in the range of 100 ⁇ s to 1 s. For example 100 ⁇ s, 200 ⁇ s, ..., 1 ms, 2 ms, ..., 10 ms, 11 ms, ..., 20 ms, 21 ms, ..., 100 ms, ..., 200 ms , ... 1s.
  • switching times in the range of 1 ms to 2 ms a change in current can be detected relatively easily for functional testing.
  • switching times of up to 10 ms are advantageous in order to ensure personal protection despite a fault.
  • the protective switching device is designed in such a way that the magnitude of the voltage across the electronic interruption unit can be determined for a conductor.
  • the protective switching device is designed in such a way that, for the functional test of the protective switching device with the intended open contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit (MK), the magnitude of the voltage across the electronic interruption unit determined by the first measuring impedance is determined when the electronic interruption unit (EU) is switched to high resistance that when a first voltage threshold value is exceeded, a first fault condition is present, so that the electronic interruption unit is prevented from becoming low-impedance and/or a fault state of the protective switching device is signaled.
  • MK mechanical isolating contact unit
  • a meaningful first voltage threshold value can be selected depending on the dimensioning of the level of the measurement impedance and the impedance of the high-impedance electronic interruption unit.
  • a first voltage threshold value that is greater than 0.4 times the applied nominal voltage UN or Vmains (in particular the effective value) of the low voltage circuit is (>0.4*UN).
  • First voltage threshold values >(0.4;0.5;0.6;0.7; 0.8 or 0.9)* UN are particularly useful.
  • a second measurement impedance is provided between conductors of the low-voltage circuit such that when the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit are open and the electronic interruption unit is switched to low resistance, a measurement current flows through the electronic interruption unit via the line-side connections.
  • a further measuring current can flow when the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit are open.
  • the further measuring current can advantageously be used for further functional testing of the protective switching device. In particular, to detect a faulty electronic interrupt unit.
  • the (first and/or second) measurement impedance is an electrical resistor and/or capacitor, ie an individual element or a series or parallel circuit or a series and parallel circuit twos, threes, fours, fives... elements.
  • the measuring impedance is a series connection of an electrical resistor and a capacitor.
  • the measuring impedance has a high resistance or impedance value, in particular that the resistance value is greater than 100 kOhm, 500 kOhm, 1 MOhm, 2 MOhm, 3 MOhm, 4 MOhm or 5 MOhm.
  • a measuring resistor as a measuring impedance of e.g. 1 MOhm leads to losses of around 50 mW.
  • the level of the value of the measuring impedance should be dimensioned such that the current through the measuring impedance when the mains voltage is applied (in the nominal range) is less than 1 mA, so that the losses in the measuring impedance are (negligibly) small.
  • the (measuring) current is preferably less than 0.1 mA.
  • the protective switching device is designed in such a way that, for functional testing of the protective switching device, when the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit are open and the electronic interrupting unit is switched to high resistance, the electronic interrupting unit is switched to a low-resistance state for a/the first period of time, so that a measuring current flows through the flows through the second measuring impedance, that the expected level of the measuring current is compared via the second measuring impedance with a first threshold value and when it is exceeded (an unintended closed state of the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit can be closed, so that) the electronic interrupter unit is then in a high-impedance state Condition remains and/or an error status of the protective switching device is signaled.
  • the protective switching device is designed in such a way that the magnitude of the voltage across the electronic interruption unit can be determined for a conductor.
  • the protective switching device is designed in such a way that when the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit are open, the magnitude of the voltage across the electronic interruption unit determined by the second measurement impedance is determined when the electronic interruption unit is switched to high resistance, that when a second voltage threshold value is exceeded, a second fault condition is present, so that the electronic interruption unit is prevented from becoming low-impedance and/or a fault state of the protective switching device is signaled.
  • the second voltage threshold depends on the ratio of the level of the impedance of the electronic interruption unit to the level of the impedance of the measuring impedance.
  • the second voltage threshold may be less than a quarter of the magnitude of the nominal voltage (UN) of the low-voltage circuit be. (0.25*UN).
  • rated voltage means in particular the mains voltage that is actually present or applied (at the protective switching device). The voltage ratio through the voltage divider remains constant. If the mains voltage changes, the switch voltage changes.
  • control unit has a microcontroller.
  • a first voltage sensor unit connected to the control unit which determines the magnitude of a/the first voltage across the electronic interruption unit, in particular between the grid-side connection point and the load-side connection point of the electronic interruption unit.
  • a second voltage sensor unit connected to the control unit provided, which determines the level of a second voltage between the grid-side neutral conductor connection and the grid-side phase conductor connection.
  • a third voltage sensor unit connected to the control unit is provided, which determines the magnitude of a third voltage between the neutral conductor connection on the network side and the connection point of the electronic interruption unit on the load side.
  • the protective switching device is designed in such a way that the level of a/the first voltage between the network-side connection point and the load-side connection point of the electronic interruption unit is determined from the difference between the second and third voltage.
  • the current sensor unit is provided on the circuit side between the line-side phase conductor connection and the load-side phase conductor connection.
  • the device is compactly divided into two, with an electronic interruption unit in the phase conductor together with a current sensor unit on the one hand and a continuous neutral conductor on the other. Furthermore, with a current sensor unit in the phase conductor, more extensive monitoring with regard to currents is achieved both in the circuit itself and in the event of a faulty connection of a phase conductor to earth/an earth conductor.
  • a corresponding method can be provided for a protective switching device for a low-voltage circuit with electronic (semiconductor-based) switching elements with the same and additional advantages.
  • a corresponding computer program product can be claimed.
  • the computer program product includes instructions which, when the program is executed by a microcontroller, cause the latter to improve the security of such a protective switching device or to achieve greater security in the electrical low-voltage circuit to be protected by the protective switching device.
  • the microcontroller is part of the protective switching device, in particular the control unit.
  • a corresponding computer-readable storage medium on which the computer program product is stored can be claimed.
  • a corresponding data carrier signal that transmits the computer program product can be claimed.
  • a first measuring impedance ZM1 is provided between conductors of the low-voltage circuit in such a way that when the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit are open, a current could flow from the first load-side connection/load-side neutral conductor connection NL via the measuring impedance to the second load-side connection/load-side phase conductor connection LL.
  • the first measuring impedance ZM1 can be an electrical resistor and/or a capacitor, for example.
  • the measuring impedance can be a series connection or(/and) parallel connection of a resistor and/or a capacitor.
  • a second measuring impedance ZM2 can be provided between conductors of the low-voltage circuit such that when the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit are open and the electronic interruption unit is switched to low resistance, a measurement current flows through the electronic interruption unit via the line-side connections.
  • the second measuring impedance ZM2 can also be an electrical resistor and/or capacitor, for example.
  • the measuring impedance can be a series connection or(/and) parallel connection of a resistor and/or a capacitor.
  • a defined potential is generated in the protective switching device by the second measuring impedance ZM2, in particular a defined voltage potential across the electronic interruption unit EU. Furthermore, a defined measuring current in the protective switching device without affecting a connected consumer / load.
  • Both the measurement current caused by the first and/or second measurement impedance can be evaluated according to the invention, and (or/and) the voltage across certain units, such as the electronic interruption unit EU.
  • the correct behavior of the units, in particular the electronic interruption unit EU, can be recorded by the evaluation.
  • the first measuring impedance is used to determine, in particular, a faulty behavior of the mechanical isolating contact unit, in particular when the consumer or load is not connected.
  • the (first or second) measurement impedance ZM1, ZM2 should have a very high value (resistance or impedance value) in order to keep the losses low.
  • a value of 1 MOhm for example.
  • a value of 1 MOhm results in losses of about 50 mW in a 230 V low voltage circuit.
  • the measurement impedance should be greater than 100 KOhm, 500 KOhm, 1 MOhm, 2 MOhm, 3 MOhm, 4 MOhm or better 5 MOhm.
  • the protective switching device can be designed in such a way that the magnitude of the voltage across the electronic interruption unit can be determined. This means that the level of a first voltage between the grid-side connection point EUG and the load-side connection point EUL of the electronic interruption unit EU can be determined or is determined.
  • a first voltage sensor unit SU1 connected to the control unit SE is provided, which determines the magnitude of the voltage between the grid-side connection point EUG and the load-side connection point EUL of the electronic interruption unit EU.
  • the voltage across the series connection of electronic interruption unit EU and current sensor SI can alternatively also be determined, as in figure 1 shown.
  • the current sensor unit SI has a very low internal resistance, so that the determination of the level of the voltage is not affected or is only negligibly affected.
  • a second voltage sensor unit SU2 can be provided, which determines the magnitude of the voltage between the line-side neutral conductor connection NG and the line-side phase conductor connection LG.
  • the first voltage sensor unit can also be replaced by using two voltage measurements (before the electronic interrupting unit and after the electronic interrupting unit).
  • the voltage across the electronic interruption unit is determined by calculating the difference.
  • a/the second voltage sensor unit SU2 connected to the control unit SE can be provided Level of a second voltage between the grid-side neutral conductor connection (NG) and the grid-side phase conductor connection (LG) is determined.
  • a third voltage sensor unit SU3 (not shown) connected to the control unit can be provided, which determines the level of a third voltage between the network-side neutral conductor connection NG and the load-side connection point EUL of the electronic interruption unit EU.
  • the protective switching device is designed in such a way that the level of a/the first voltage between the grid-side connection point EUG and the load-side connection point EUL of the electronic interruption unit EU is determined from the difference between the second and third voltage.
  • the electronic interruption unit EU is single-pole, in the example in the phase conductor.
  • the mains-side connection point APNG for the neutral conductor of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK is connected to the mains-side neutral conductor connection NG of the housing GEH.
  • the protective switching device SG is advantageously designed such that the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK can be opened by the control unit SE but not closed, which is indicated by an arrow from the control unit SE to the mechanical isolating contact unit MK.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit MK can be operated by a mechanical handle HH on the protective switching device SG in order to switch a manual (manual) opening or closing of the contacts KKL, KKN.
  • the mechanical handle HH indicates the switching status (open or closed) of the contacts of the mechanical isolating contacts unit MK.
  • the position of the handle (closed or open) can be transmitted to the control unit SE.
  • the position of the handle can be determined, for example, by means of a (position) sensor.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit MK is advantageously designed in such a way that a (manual) closing of the contacts by the mechanical handle is only possible after a release (enable), in particular an enable signal. This is also indicated by the arrow from the control unit SE to the mechanical isolating contact unit MK. That is, the contacts KKL, KKN of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK can only be closed by the handle HH when the release or the release signal (from the control unit) is present. Although the handle HH can be actuated without the release or the release signal, the contacts cannot be closed ("permanent slipping").
  • the protective switching device SG has an energy supply NT, for example a power pack.
  • the power supply NT is provided for the control unit SE, which is achieved by a connection between the power supply NT and the control unit SE in figure 1 is indicated.
  • the power supply NT is (on the other hand) connected to the line-side neutral conductor connection NG and the line-side phase conductor connection LG.
  • a fuse SS in particular a fuse, can advantageously be provided in the connection to the network-side neutral conductor connection NG (or/and phase conductor connection LG).
  • this can be connected to the line-side neutral conductor connection NG via the fuse SS.
  • a three-pole electronics unit EE ( figure 3 ) can be implemented, for example as a module that has three connection points, one neutral conductor connection point and two phase conductor connection points.
  • the electronics unit EE has, for example, the electronic interruption unit EU, the control unit SE, the power supply NT (in particular including the fuse SS), the current sensor unit SI, the first voltage sensor unit SU1 and optionally the second voltage sensor unit SU2.
  • the low-voltage circuit may be a three-phase AC circuit, with a neutral wire and three phase wires.
  • the protective switching device can be designed as a three-phase variant and can have, for example, further line-side and load-side phase conductor connections.
  • a series circuit of an electronic interruption unit or its semiconductor-based switching elements and a contact of the mechanical isolating contact unit are provided between the other line-side and load-side phase conductor connections.
  • the first and/or second measuring impedance can be provided between the phase conductor and the neutral conductor and/or between the phase conductors.
  • High-impedance means a state in which only a current of negligible magnitude flows.
  • resistance values greater than 1 kilohm, more preferably greater than 10 kilohms, 100 kilohms, 1 megohm, 10 megohms, 100 megohms, 1 gigaohm, or greater.
  • Low-impedance means a state in which the current value specified on the protective switching device could flow.
  • low-impedance means resistance values that are less than 10 ohms, more preferably less than 1 ohm, 100 milliohms, 10 milliohms, 1 milliohm, or less.
  • figure 2 shows a figure according to figure 1 , with the difference that an energy source EQ with a nominal voltage U N of the low-voltage circuit is connected to the network side GRID.
  • the nominal voltage U N should also be present between the line-side neutral conductor connection NG and the line-side phase conductor connection LG.
  • nominal voltage means the mains voltage that is actually present or applied (at the protective switching device).
  • the voltage drop U switch across the electronic interruption unit EU can be determined by the first voltage sensor unit SU1.
  • a consumer or energy sink ES is connected to the load side LOAD.
  • a release signal enable is drawn in at the connection of the control unit SE to the mechanical isolating contact unit MK.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit MK is shown in an open state OFF, i. H. with open contacts KKN, KKL to avoid current flow.
  • figure 3 shows a representation according to figure 1 and 2 , with the difference that the protective switching device is constructed in two parts. It contains an electronic first part EPART, for example on a printed circuit board.
  • the first part EPART can have the control unit SE, the second measuring impedance ZM2, the current sensor unit SI, the electronic interruption unit EU, the power supply NT.
  • the first part can have the first voltage sensor unit SU1, the second voltage sensor unit SU2, the fuse SS, a switch SCH, a temperature sensor TEM (in particular for the electronic interrupting unit EU), a communication unit COM, a display unit DISP.
  • the protective switching device contains a particularly mechanical second part MPART.
  • the second part MPART can have the mechanical isolating contact unit MK, the handle HH, a release unit FG. Furthermore, the second part can have a position unit POS for reporting the position of the contacts of the mechanical isolating contacts unit MK to the control unit, as well as the (neutral conductor) connection(s).
  • the second part MPART contains the first measurement impedance ZM1.
  • a compact protective switching device according to the invention can advantageously be implemented as a result of the division into two.
  • the enabling unit FG causes the actuation of the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit to be enabled by the handle HH when an enabling signal enable is present.
  • a typical fault pattern of contacts of mechanical isolating contact units MK is the welding of the contact surfaces, which means that it is no longer possible to open the contact. However, there is also the possibility that a contact can no longer be closed.
  • One possibility is to monitor the position of the handle, for example using Hall sensors or end-of-travel sensors.
  • Another case is when the handle is held in the on (closed) position and a trip-free trip opens the contacts. The sensor continues to detect the on position of the handle with the contact already open.
  • the switching state could be determined by determining the voltage across the contact, but this method fails, when no consumer (or load) is connected, i.e. when the protective switching device is unloaded.
  • a first measurement impedance is proposed at the load-side connection (between the mechanical isolating contact unit and the load-side connections).
  • the output impedance of the protective switching device with the first and second measurement impedances ZM1, ZM2 converges to the impedance value Z meas 1
  • Zmeas1 ⁇ Zmeas2 the output impedance of the protective switching device in the closed, unloaded state with the first measurement impedance ZM1 converges to the impedance value Z meas 1 .
  • the measured voltage when the contact is open without a load converges to the voltage when the contacts are open.
  • the maximum output impedance of the protective switching device has an upper limit as a result of the first measuring impedance ZM1, as a result of which the voltage ratios differ significantly from the case without the first measuring impedance ZM1 with an open isolator.
  • the phase position of the measured voltages can optionally be evaluated for the measured voltage amplitude (or the effective value). This makes the evaluation of the voltages more complex, but it it is possible to differentiate even more clearly between the switching states.
  • the impedance of the electronic interrupting unit EU depends strongly on the circuit topology and its energy absorber. Typical values here are
  • 600 k ⁇ where this is an ohmic-capacitive impedance.
  • the protective switching device is designed in such a way that, for the functional test of the protective switching device when the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK are open and the electronic interrupting unit EU is switched to high resistance, the electronic interrupting unit EU is switched to a low-resistance state for a first period of time, so that only then does a measuring current flow through the first measuring impedance flows when the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK are closed incorrectly or unexpectedly. If a measurement current flows, which is detected via the current sensor unit, it can be concluded that the contacts are in an incorrectly closed state.
  • the level of the measurement current is determined by the value of the level of the first measurement impedance ZM1.
  • the electronic interruption unit can then remain in a high-impedance state, for example.
  • this error state of the protective switching device can be signaled.
  • the protective switching device can be designed in such a way that, for the functional test of the protective switching device with the intended open contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK, the magnitude of the voltage across the electronic interruption unit determined by the first measuring impedance ZM1 is determined when the electronic interruption unit EU is switched to high resistance.
  • a first error condition is present when a first voltage threshold value is exceeded.
  • the protective switching device can be configured in such a way that, for functional testing of the protective switching device, with the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK open and the electronic interrupting unit EU switched to high resistance, the electronic interrupting unit EU is switched to a low-resistance state for a/the first period of time, so that a measuring current flows through the second measuring impedance flows.
  • the expected level of the measuring current via the second measuring impedance is compared with a first threshold value and when it is exceeded, i.e. when the first measuring impedance reduces the impedance value due to the parallel connection - a larger current flows, the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK can be in an unintended closed state be closed. As a result, the electronic interrupting unit can then remain in a high-impedance state. Alternatively or additionally, this error state of the protective switching device can be signaled.
  • the protective switching device can also be designed in such a way that when the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK are open, the magnitude of the voltage across the electronic interruption unit determined by the second measuring impedance is determined when the electronic interruption unit (EU) is switched to high resistance. If a second voltage threshold value is exceeded, there is a second error condition, since the first measuring impedance that was not provided causes a higher voltage drop across the electronic interruption unit, so that it can be concluded that the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK are not in the closed state. As a result, the electronic interruption unit can be prevented from becoming low-impedance. Alternatively or additionally, this error state of the protective switching device can be signaled.
  • an expected state of the contacts (closed, open) can be reported or queried.
  • the electronic interruption unit EU (or the electronic switch) is switched on for a very short time (in the millisecond range), for example.
  • a current and/or voltage measurement and (subsequent) evaluation can be used to determine whether the intended (switching) state of the contacts (closed / open) matches the real (switching) state of the contacts (closed / open).
  • a (first) release condition for switching on the protective switching device specifically the electronic interruption unit, can be present.
  • the additional first measurement impedance ZM1 ( Z meas 1 ) can also be used for current-based status determinations of the contacts.
  • the first measuring impedance ZM1 defines a maximum output impedance and thus a firmly defined current level in the unloaded state of the protective switching device. A clear distinction between open and closed contacts is therefore always possible.
  • the switching state is determined using purely electrical variables. If necessary, it can be compared with other position detections.

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  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
EP21216126.9A 2021-09-28 2021-12-20 Appareil de connexion de protection Pending EP4156217A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2022/075901 WO2023052163A1 (fr) 2021-09-28 2022-09-19 Disjoncteur
EP22786794.2A EP4374403A1 (fr) 2021-09-28 2022-09-19 Disjoncteur
CN202280065374.4A CN118043926A (zh) 2021-09-28 2022-09-19 保护开关设备

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202009014759U1 (de) * 2009-11-02 2010-02-18 E. Dold & Söhne KG Halbleiterrelais mit integriertem mechanischem Schaltelement zur Lastkreisunterbrechung (Hybridrelais)
DE102018213354A1 (de) * 2018-08-08 2020-02-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltgerät und Verfahren
US20200366078A1 (en) * 2019-05-18 2020-11-19 Amber Solutions, Inc. Intelligent circuit breakers

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017151521A1 (fr) 2016-03-01 2017-09-08 Atom Power, Inc. Disjoncteur hybride à entrefer/semi-conducteur
EP4026213A4 (fr) 2019-09-03 2024-04-03 Atom Power Inc Disjoncteur à semi-conducteurs à capacités d'auto-diagnostic, d'auto-maintenance et d'auto-protection

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202009014759U1 (de) * 2009-11-02 2010-02-18 E. Dold & Söhne KG Halbleiterrelais mit integriertem mechanischem Schaltelement zur Lastkreisunterbrechung (Hybridrelais)
DE102018213354A1 (de) * 2018-08-08 2020-02-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltgerät und Verfahren
US20200366078A1 (en) * 2019-05-18 2020-11-19 Amber Solutions, Inc. Intelligent circuit breakers

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DE102021210829A1 (de) 2023-03-30
EP4377981A1 (fr) 2024-06-05
EP4367704A1 (fr) 2024-05-15
CN118043926A (zh) 2024-05-14
WO2023052188A1 (fr) 2023-04-06
WO2023052163A1 (fr) 2023-04-06
WO2023051962A1 (fr) 2023-04-06
CN118103935A (zh) 2024-05-28
EP4374403A1 (fr) 2024-05-29

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