EP4153862A1 - Circuit magnetique de creation d'un champ magnetique dans un canal annulaire principal d'ionisation et d'acceleration de propulseur plasmique a effet hall - Google Patents
Circuit magnetique de creation d'un champ magnetique dans un canal annulaire principal d'ionisation et d'acceleration de propulseur plasmique a effet hallInfo
- Publication number
- EP4153862A1 EP4153862A1 EP21725224.6A EP21725224A EP4153862A1 EP 4153862 A1 EP4153862 A1 EP 4153862A1 EP 21725224 A EP21725224 A EP 21725224A EP 4153862 A1 EP4153862 A1 EP 4153862A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- magnet
- magnetic circuit
- internal
- diameter
- magnets
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H—PRODUCING A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H1/00—Using plasma to produce a reactive propulsive thrust
- F03H1/0037—Electrostatic ion thrusters
- F03H1/0062—Electrostatic ion thrusters grid-less with an applied magnetic field
- F03H1/0075—Electrostatic ion thrusters grid-less with an applied magnetic field with an annular channel; Hall-effect thrusters with closed electron drift
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
- H01F7/0273—Magnetic circuits with PM for magnetic field generation
- H01F7/0278—Magnetic circuits with PM for magnetic field generation for generating uniform fields, focusing, deflecting electrically charged particles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a magnetic circuit for creating a magnetic field in a main annular ionization and acceleration channel of a Hall effect plasma thruster.
- Hall effect thrusters acronym PEH or ionic thrusters
- PEH Electrode-H
- ionic thrusters use an electric field to accelerate the ions and require a magnetic field conventionally generated by coils to generate the magnetic field making it possible to trap the electrons which are used to ionize a gas. These ions are then accelerated and produce a thrust.
- the role of the magnetic field is to form an area of very high electron concentration (it traps the electrons generated by the cathode) to allow the neutral atoms of the gas to ionize.
- the role of the electric field is to accelerate the ions out of the channel. This acceleration generates the thrust.
- the magnetic field plays a crucial role and its shape affects the propulsive performance and the erosion of the propellant.
- the main components of a Hall effect thruster are: the magnetic circuit, the plasma channel, the anode (placed at the bottom of the plasma channel with gas injector) and the cathode (placed at the outside of the plasma channel).
- Hall effect thrusters whose magnetic circuit comprises coils or solenoids or "chokes" in English, making it possible to create the field. magnetic required.
- FIG. 3 schematically represents the topology of the field lines of a thruster of FIG. 2.
- the magnetic field must have very specific field lines because the ions must not strike the walls, and thus avoid the erosion of the ceramics.
- the magnetic field must meet one more criterion than the two conventional criteria.
- This criterion is called the magnetic shielding criterion and consists in that at the edges of the channel (against the ceramic walls), the radial component Br of the field must be as low as possible.
- the other two so-called classical field criteria consist in having the component Bz of the magnetic field zero along the longitudinal axis of the magnetic circuit and that the amplitude of the radial component Br of the field B must follow a Gaussian curve, as shown on FIGS. 2 and 3.
- the stresses on the field are therefore as follows: in the exit plane, the axial component Bz of the magnetic field along the longitudinal axis of the magnetic circuit must be zero, and on the upper edges of the annular channel, the radial component Br of the magnetic field must be as low as possible: it is therefore necessary to play on the intensity of the current in the coils, on its shape and on the shape of the magnetic circuit.
- An aim of the invention is to alleviate the aforementioned problems, and in particular to improve the autonomy of such a magnetic circuit.
- a magnetic circuit for creating a magnetic field in a main annular ionization and acceleration channel of a single-stage Hall effect plasma thruster having one end. open upper ion emission and a closed lower end, comprising:
- a first support intended to receive external magnets arranged outside the external wall of the annular channel
- a second support intended to receive internal magnets arranged outside the internal wall of the annular channel;
- the external magnets comprising an annular lower outer magnet, and an annular upper outer magnet disposed above the lower outer magnet;
- the internal magnets comprising a lower internal magnet, of cylindrical shape having a lower part of diameter smaller than the diameter of an upper part, arranged below the upper external magnet, and an annular upper internal magnet arranged above the lower internal magnet;
- the external magnets having the same pole on their respective upper face and the same opposite pole on their lower face;
- magnets instead of coils significantly increases the autonomy of the Hall effect plasma thruster.
- the use of magnets makes it possible to achieve the desired field levels (intensity of the magnetic field) while being compact and without imposing thermal constraints.
- the particular arrangement of the magnets offers greater flexibility, so that the criterion of magnetic shielding can be fulfilled in addition to the conventional criteria, since all these criteria are contradictory in nature and therefore particularly difficult to fulfill all together, especially for a small, low power motor.
- this magnetic shielding improves the efficiency and life of a Hall effect thruster by reducing erosion of the channel walls.
- This field topology results in very specific field lines which prevent the ions from hitting the walls of the channel and eroding the propellant.
- the field lines are deep and in the exit plane, the axial component Bz is zero and on the edges of the ceramic, the radial component Br is weak, as shown in Figure 3.
- the lower external magnet has a section twice as large as the section of the upper external magnet.
- the upper outer magnet is closer to the exit plane and ceramic channel than the lower outer magnet.
- the lower external magnet participates in the increase of the field level at the exit plane, and the upper external magnet allows the field lines to be deflected with a looping effect, thus creating a magnetic field of weak radial component near the ceramic walls.
- the lower outer magnet has an average diameter of between 6 mm and 7 mm.
- the lower outer magnet is double the height of the upper outer magnet.
- the width of the upper outer magnet is equal to the width of the lower outer magnet.
- the lower internal magnet is double the height of the lower external magnet.
- the lower internal magnet participates in the increase of the field level at the exit plane, and the upper internal magnet makes it possible to deflect the field lines with a looping effect, thus creating a magnetic field of weak radial component near the ceramic walls.
- the height of the lower part of the lower internal magnet is 1.5 times greater than the height of the upper part of the lower internal magnet.
- the outer diameter of the upper internal magnet is double the diameter of the upper part of the lower internal magnet.
- the upper internal magnet is closer to the exit plane and ceramic channel than the lower internal magnet.
- the upper internal magnet Being close to the exit plane and the ceramic channel, the upper internal magnet, by magnetic field looping effect, reduces the radial component of the field and thus creates the magnetic shielding effect on the inner side of the plasma channel.
- the inside diameter of the upper internal magnet is between 1, 2 and 1, 3 times the diameter of the upper part of the lower internal magnet (5).
- the first and second supports are made of copper.
- the magnetic circuit comprises an additional annular magnet disposed outside the outer wall of the annular channel below the lower outer magnet.
- the magnetic circuit comprises a third support intended to receive the additional magnet.
- the additional magnet is of constant internal diameter and external diameter comprising a first lower portion having a first diameter, a second middle portion having a second diameter greater than the first diameter, and a third upper portion having a third diameter. diameter between the first and second diameters.
- a Hall effect plasma thruster comprising a magnetic circuit as described above.
- Figure 1 schematically illustrates the main components of a Hall effect thruster, according to the state of the art
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a hall effect thruster, the magnetic circuit of which comprises coils, according to the state of the art
- FIG. 3 schematically illustrates the magnetic field lines of a hall effect thruster of FIG. 2, according to the state of the art
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a magnetic circuit for creating a magnetic field in a main annular channel for ionization and acceleration of a Hall effect plasma thruster, according to one aspect of the invention
- FIG. 5 schematically illustrates an exploded view of the magnetic circuit of FIG. 3, according to one aspect of the invention
- FIG. 6 schematically illustrates the creation of a magnetic field in a main annular ionization and acceleration channel of a Hall effect plasma thruster, according to another aspect of the invention
- FIG. 7 schematically illustrates the magnetic field lines of a hall effect thruster, according to one aspect of the invention.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 represent a partial section of a magnetic circuit for creating a magnetic field in a main annular channel for ionization and acceleration of a Hall effect plasma thruster, according to one aspect of the invention.
- the magnetic circuit comprises a magnetic base 2, a first support 3 intended to receive external magnets arranged outside the external wall 1e of the annular channel 1, having an open upper end and a closed lower end, and a second support 4 intended to receive internal magnets arranged outside the internal wall 1 i of the annular channel 1.
- the outer magnets comprise an annular lower outer magnet 5, and an annular upper outer magnet 6 disposed above the lower outer magnet 5.
- the internal magnets comprising a lower internal magnet 7, of cylindrical shape having a lower part of diameter smaller than the diameter of an upper part, arranged below the upper external magnet 6, and an annular upper internal magnet 8 disposed above. above the lower internal magnet 7.
- the external magnets 5, 6 have the same pole (for example N, S) on their respective upper face and the same opposite pole (in this example S, N) on their lower face, and the internal magnets 7, 8 have an orientation of their poles the reverse of that of the external magnets 5, 6.
- the outer magnets 5, 6 and the inner magnets 7, 8 are arranged above the closed lower end of the annular channel 1.
- the permanent magnets prevent the magnetic field lines from crossing with the walls of the discharge channel 1 in the acceleration zone while allowing them to follow the walls towards the anode.
- the lower outer magnet 5 may have a cross section twice as large as the cross section of the upper outer magnet 6, and its average diameter between 6 mm and 7 mm.
- the lower outer magnet is double the height of the upper outer magnet.
- the width of the upper outer magnet 6 may be equal to the width of the lower outer magnet 5.
- the lower internal magnet 7 may be twice the height of the lower external magnet 5.
- the height of the lower part of the lower internal magnet 7 can be 1.5 times greater than the height of the upper part of the lower internal magnet 7.
- the outer diameter of the upper internal magnet 8 may be double the diameter of the upper part of the lower internal magnet 7.
- the inner diameter of the upper internal magnet 6 can be between 1, 2 and 1.3 times the diameter of the upper part of the lower internal magnet 5.
- the first and second supports 3, 4 can be made of copper. As illustrated in FIG. 6, an additional annular magnet 9 may be arranged outside the outer wall 1e of the annular channel 1 below the lower outer magnet 5, and a third support 10 may be intended to receive the. additional magnet 9.
- the additional magnet 9 can be of constant internal diameter and of external diameter comprising a first lower part having a first diameter, a second middle part having a second diameter greater than the first diameter, and a third upper part having a third diameter between the diameters. first and second diameters.
- FIG. 7 schematically illustrates the magnetic field lines of a hall effect thruster, according to one aspect of the invention.
- the present invention therefore makes it possible to have Hall effect plasma thrusters comprising a magnetic circuit as described above.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2005030A FR3110641B1 (fr) | 2020-05-19 | 2020-05-19 | Circuit magnétique de création d'un champ magnétique dans un canal annulaire principal d'ionisation et d'accélération de propulseur plasmique à effet Hall. |
| PCT/EP2021/063128 WO2021233909A1 (fr) | 2020-05-19 | 2021-05-18 | Circuit magnetique de creation d'un champ magnetique dans un canal annulaire principal d'ionisation et d'acceleration de propulseur plasmique a effet hall |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4153862A1 true EP4153862A1 (fr) | 2023-03-29 |
Family
ID=72801545
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21725224.6A Pending EP4153862A1 (fr) | 2020-05-19 | 2021-05-18 | Circuit magnetique de creation d'un champ magnetique dans un canal annulaire principal d'ionisation et d'acceleration de propulseur plasmique a effet hall |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12055132B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4153862A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3110641B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2021233909A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114658626B (zh) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-10-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 可变磁场后加载程度的霍尔推力器磁路结构及设计方法 |
| CN120042757A (zh) * | 2025-03-07 | 2025-05-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种调节霍尔推力器通道内磁场梯度的磁路结构 |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6373162B1 (en) * | 1999-11-11 | 2002-04-16 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Permanent magnet electric machine with flux control |
| FR2857555B1 (fr) * | 2003-07-09 | 2005-10-14 | Snecma Moteurs | Accelerateur a plasma a derive fermee d'electrons |
| FR2919755B1 (fr) * | 2007-08-02 | 2017-05-05 | Centre Nat De La Rech Scient (C N R S ) | Dispositif d'ejection d'electrons a effet hall |
| US20150128560A1 (en) | 2013-10-04 | 2015-05-14 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Magnetically shielded miniature hall thruster |
| CN107725296B (zh) * | 2017-09-01 | 2019-06-14 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | 一种磁感应强度可调的永磁霍尔推力器磁路结构 |
| US10723489B2 (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2020-07-28 | California Institute Of Technology | Low-power hall thruster with an internally mounted low-current hollow cathode |
| DK180111B1 (en) * | 2018-10-04 | 2020-05-06 | Upper Level Aps | A magnet system for an electromechanical transducer |
-
2020
- 2020-05-19 FR FR2005030A patent/FR3110641B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-05-18 WO PCT/EP2021/063128 patent/WO2021233909A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2021-05-18 US US17/926,420 patent/US12055132B2/en active Active
- 2021-05-18 EP EP21725224.6A patent/EP4153862A1/fr active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| DING YONGJIE ET AL: "Comparative Study of Annular-Cylindrical Combined Channel With Annular Channel Hall Thruster", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE, IEEE, NEW YORK, NY, vol. 46, no. 12, 1 December 2018 (2018-12-01), pages 4051 - 4059, XP011696672, ISSN: 0093-3813, [retrieved on 20181127], DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2018.2866336 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US12055132B2 (en) | 2024-08-06 |
| US20230193883A1 (en) | 2023-06-22 |
| WO2021233909A1 (fr) | 2021-11-25 |
| FR3110641A1 (fr) | 2021-11-26 |
| FR3110641B1 (fr) | 2023-05-26 |
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