EP4150701A1

EP4150701A1 - Traction battery having a guide means for a fluid volume flow, and motor vehicle

Info

Publication number: EP4150701A1
Application number: EP21725753.4A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Alexander Pechan; Georg Enkirch; Mario Strack; Tobias VENNEFROHNE
Original assignee: Kautex Textron GmbH and Co KG
Current assignee: Kautex Textron GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 2020-05-14
Filing date: 2021-05-12
Publication date: 2023-03-22
Also published as: WO2021228954A1; CN115552708A; US20230187774A1; DE102020113086A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a traction battery having: a battery tray; a plurality of battery modules arranged in the battery tray, each battery module having a safety valve; a battery cover; and a ventilation element for introducing air into and/or extracting air from the traction battery. The traction battery has a guide means, at least part of which is constantly permeable to a designated fluid volume flow, for deflecting a designated fluid volume flow, which is exiting in a designated manner from a safety valve, in the direction of the ventilation element. The traction battery also has an air extraction duct which extends from the guide means to the ventilation element.

Description

Traction battery having a conducting means for a fluid volume flow and motor vehicle

The invention relates to a traction battery having a guide means for a fluid volume flow and a motor vehicle.

In particular, the invention relates to a traction battery which has an at least partially permeable flow of fluid for a designated fluid volume flow for deflecting a designated fluid volume flow emerging from a safety valve in the direction of the ventilation element, the traction battery also having a ventilation channel which extends from the Conducting means extends to the ventilation element. In hybrid vehicles and / or electric vehicles, mostly electrochemical energy storage devices with a high voltage level and / or high energy density are used, in particular in the form of lithium-ion batteries, the storable amounts of energy per unit volume (energy density) increasing with the further development of the electrochemical energy storage device used .

If there is a local short-circuit of the internal electrodes in an electrochemical energy storage device, in particular in a lithium-ion battery with liquid, solid or bound electrolyte, the short-circuit current through the internal resistance can affect the vicinity of the point of the short-circuit heat up far enough that the surrounding areas are also affected. This process can expand and quickly release the energy stored in the accumulator in the form of heat, in particular the stored electrical and chemical energy. This release of heat, which often occurs exponentially, is also referred to in technical jargon as a thermally irreversible escalation or as a thermal runaway or, more generally, as a thermal event.

The thermal stability of electrochemical energy stores is often inversely proportional to the amount of energy stored per unit volume, which means that thermal stability is becoming increasingly important in the development of new electrochemical energy stores.

Traction batteries known in the prior art have a plurality of battery modules, each with one or more electrochemical battery cells. Many known traction batteries are still equipped without safety elements against the error propagation of thermal events.

If a thermal event occurs in one of the battery modules of a traction battery, the amount of heat released can be transferred to neighboring battery modules, which means that neighboring battery modules and / or battery cells can heat up until the onset of a thermally irreversible escalation. The energy can be transferred both by direct thermal conduction between the battery modules and indirectly via a fluid that may emerge from a battery module. It is important here whether and how the fluid comes into contact with other battery modules after it has emerged from a battery module. Thus, in the event of a thermal event in a battery module, there is generally the risk of a chain reaction which can lead to a total failure of the traction battery. 2 To reduce the likelihood of such a chain reaction, suitable measures can be provided which, in the event of a thermal event, are intended to reduce the transfer of heat from a battery module to an adjacent battery module and are therefore also suitable for increasing the safety and thus the availability of a traction battery increase.

The invention is based on the object of providing an improvement or an alternative to the prior art. Preferably, the transfer of thermal energy to other battery modules via the fluid volume flow possibly exiting from a battery module is reduced or prevented.

According to a first aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a traction battery having a battery shell, a plurality of battery modules arranged in the battery shell, each battery module having at least one safety valve, a battery cover and a ventilation element for venting and / or venting the traction battery, the Traction battery has an at least partially permeable to a de signed fluid volume flow guide means for deflecting a designated fluid volume flow emerging from a safety valve in the direction of the ventilation element, the traction battery having a ventilation channel which extends from the guide means to Ventilationsele element. 3 The following should be explained in terms of the terms:

First of all, it should be expressly pointed out that in the context of the present patent application, indefinite articles and numerical indications such as "one", "two" etc. should generally be understood as "at least" indications, i.e. as "at least one ... "," At least two ... "etc., unless the context expressly results or it is obvious or technically imperative for a person skilled in the art that only" exactly one ... "," exactly two ... " "etc. can be meant.

In the context of the present patent application, the expression “in particular” should always be understood as introducing an optional, preferred feature with this expression. The expression is not to be understood as “namely” and not as “namely”.

A “traction battery” is understood to mean an electrochemical energy store. A traction battery is preferably suitable for installation in and for driving electric vehicles and / or hybrid vehicles. A traction battery comprises a plurality of electrochemical battery modules.

Preferably, a traction battery has further parts or components that are necessary or conducive to the operation of the traction battery, these further parts or components preferably being arranged within the battery housing of the traction battery. A “battery module” is understood to mean a component of a traction battery, the battery module having at least one electrochemical battery cell or a plurality of electrochemical battery cells A battery module preferably has an electrolyte barrier which encloses the reactive material of the battery module.

Furthermore, a battery module preferably has a safety valve.

According to an expedient embodiment, a battery module has a plurality of electrolyte barriers, each of which has a separate safety valve and each enclosing part of the reactive material of the battery module, with each electrolyte barrier preferably enclosing one or more battery cells.

A "safety valve" is understood to mean a valve which is set up to protect a battery module from an inadmissible increase in pressure. The safety valve opens when a defined response pressure in the battery module is exceeded or when a response differential pressure is reached between the battery module and the environment Opening the safety valve relieves the load on the battery module, preferably before the structural integrity of the battery module is endangered.

If there is an overpressure in a battery module having a safety valve, the safety valve opens and a fluid volume flow first emerges from the battery module into the battery housing. This reduces the pressure inside the battery module. The designated escaping fluid volume flow can be a designated fluid volume flow with different physical states, depending on the type of battery cell and / or the battery module, in particular depending on the type of electrolyte used in the scope of the battery cell and / or the battery module be a gas, a gas mixture, an aerosol and / or a particle stream. 5 In particular, under certain boundary conditions it is conceivable that the designated fluid volume flow is flammable, that is to say can convert its chemical energy into thermal energy in an exothermic reaction.

A safety valve preferably has a bursting membrane, a bursting membrane being set up to break irreversibly in the event of a defined pressure difference between the two sides of the bursting membrane, so that a fluid volume flow can flow through the bursting membrane after bursting. In this way, a battery module can advantageously be protected from harmful negative and / or positive pressure. A "battery cell" is understood to mean a store for electrical energy on an electrochemical basis, which each has an electrode arrangement with a cathode contacting element and an anode contacting element are stacked and are each electrically separated from one another by a suitable separator.

A “fluid volume flow” is understood to mean a material flow. The fluid volume flow indicates how much volume of a fluid is transported through a defined cross section per period of time.

A “designated fluid volume flow” is understood to mean that fluid volume flow which occurs when a safety valve of a battery module opens.

A designated fluid volume flow emerging from a safety valve is in particular also a heat flow, since 6 the battery module has previously heated up due to the thermal event.

In particular, a designated fluid volume flow can have a particle flow if components of the battery module and / or of the at least one battery cell have previously heated up and broken down as a result of the thermal event.

A “battery housing” is understood to mean a solid casing for a traction battery, which is designed to protectively surround the components of the traction battery that are arranged within the battery housing.

A battery housing preferably consists of a battery shell and a battery cover, the battery shell and the battery cover being able to be connected to one another in a materially or form-fitting or force-fitting manner, or being configured to be connectable to one another. According to a particularly expedient embodiment, the battery housing can be supplemented by further components, in particular by a plate element and / or a ventilation unit.

A battery housing preferably has at least one ventilation unit which is set up for ventilation and / or ventilation of the traction battery and which has both a conducting means and a ventilation channel. A ventilation unit preferably also has at least one ventilation element, by means of which a material flow can be exchanged between the interior of the battery housing and the surroundings of the battery housing. Preferably, a ventilation unit can be connected to the battery shell and / or the battery cover in a materially or positively or non-positively manner. 7th A battery housing preferably has a plurality of ventilation units, preferably each having at least one ventilation element.

A "battery shell" is understood to mean a housing component of a traction battery. In particular, a battery shell is designed to accommodate battery modules and / or battery cells of a traction battery so that they can be protected by the battery shell and / or at least indirectly attached to a motor vehicle.

According to an expedient embodiment, a battery tray is also conceivable which has an essentially flat structure with one or more essentially flat planes, at least one level of the battery tray being set up to accommodate battery modules and / or battery cells of a traction battery, so that they can be attached to a motor vehicle at least indirectly through the battery shell. The battery housing of a battery shell designed in this way is preferably supplemented by a complementarily shaped battery cover which, in combination with the battery shell, is advantageously set up to protect the battery modules and / or battery cells from external influences.

According to a particularly expedient embodiment, it is also conceivable, among other things, for a battery shell to have a ventilation element.

A "battery cover" is understood to mean a component of a battery housing which is set up to close a battery tray. Preferably, a battery cover is set up to serve as a removable lock for the battery tray Battery shell shaped that 8 it is set up to protect the components received by a battery housing from external influences, in particular is set up to protect the battery modules and / or battery cells from external influences.

A battery cover is preferably designed to accommodate components of a traction battery.

In such a particularly preferred embodiment, a battery cover can be designed to accommodate battery modules and / o the battery cells of a traction battery so that they can be protected by the battery cover and / or at least remotely attached to a motor vehicle.

Specifically, a traction battery is conceivable, which is directed both in the battery shell and in the battery cover for receiving and protecting battery modules and / or battery cells. In this case, the housing component arranged below in the designated installation position of the traction battery is referred to as the battery shell and the housing component located above is referred to as the battery cover.

A battery cover preferably has a ventilation element.

A “ventilation element” is understood to mean a component or assembly that is set up to ventilate and / or vent the battery housing It is also conceivable that a ventilation element only allows a material flow through the ventilation element under certain boundary conditions, in particular only when a defined pressure difference between the interior of the battery housing and the surroundings of the battery housing is exceeded The ventilation element preferably has a semipermeable membrane. A “semipermeable membrane” is understood to mean a partially permeable wall which allows particles with a size below a membrane-dependent defined size to pass through the semipermeable membrane, while particles with a size above this membrane-dependent defined size cannot pass through the membrane.

A semipermeable membrane is preferably understood to mean a membrane which allows gas exchange, in particular air exchange, while the membrane is not permeable to liquids, in particular water, at least up to a membrane-dependent pressure difference between the two surfaces of the membrane, in particular up to one Pressure difference of 0.05 bar, preferably up to a pressure difference of 0.1 bar, particularly preferably up to a pressure difference of 0.2 bar.

The ventilation element preferably has a bursting membrane. Furthermore, a ventilation element preferably has a semipermeable membrane and a bursting element, in particular in the form of a semipermeable bursting membrane.

A bursting membrane within a ventilation element is designed to break irreversibly at a defined pressure difference between the two sides of the bursting membrane, so that a designated fluid volume flow can flow through the bursting membrane from the interior of the battery housing to the surroundings of the battery housing after bursting. In this way, the battery housing can advantageously be protected from harmful negative and / or overpressure. 10 Overall, a ventilation element in the form of a se mipermeable bursting membrane can advantageously ensure that moisture can be kept away from the interior of the battery housing during regular operation of the traction battery, while ventilation of the battery housing can be guaranteed and that Ventilation element irreversibly breaks open in the event of a rapid pressure increase of the pressure difference above the bursting pressure difference and thus the structure of the battery housing is not endangered. Such a ventilation element can preferably be exchanged.

A “guide means” is understood to mean a means which is set up to divert a designated fluid volume flow into the ventilation channel, the designated fluid volume flow preferably not initially building up in front of the guide means and / or in the guide means by means of an advantageous fluid mechanical design.

In other words, a guide means is set up to guide a designated fluid volume flow and thereby deflect it, ideally with the lowest possible total pressure loss of the designated fluid volume flow.

A "regularly permeable" guide means that the guide means regularly has a freely flowable cross section between the individual elements, in particular a plate and / or a deflection element and / or a deflection vane, of the guide means, which are each offset from one another has through which a designated fluid volume flow can flow.

Preferably, one element or the elements of the guide are designed in such a way that in each case in the direct projection direction above a safety valve or each 11 Safety valve is arranged a cross section through which the designated fluid volume flow can flow freely.

A guide means is preferably designed in such a way that a designed fluid volume flow preferably and / or predominantly flows out of the guide means in such a way that it flows away in the direction of the ventilation element.

A guide means is preferably set up and / or designed in such a way that a flow separation of the designated fluid volume flow at the guide means is prevented before the designated fluid volume flow has reached the designated trailing edge of the guide means oriented in the direction of the ventilation element.

The guide means proposed here is preferably designed in terms of flow mechanics in such a way that the designated hot fluid volume and heat flow can only flow back with difficulty into a barrier area between the battery modules and the guide means.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, a conductive means is a stamped part made of metal or a molded part made of plastic comprising metal and / or mica, as a result of which the heat resistance of the conductive means can advantageously be improved.

A “barrier area” is understood to mean an area which extends between the conducting means and those battery modules which do not thermally escalate or are escalated.

The barrier area is preferably set up to accommodate a thermal insulation layer composed of a gas volume that is cold compared to a designed fluid volume flow. 12th In contrast to the barrier area, an “inflow area” is understood to mean an area between the thermally escalating battery module or the thermally escalated battery module and the conducting means.

The inflow area is preferably delimited from the barrier area by the flow tube of the fluid volume flow that is designated as emerging from the safety valve. The inflow area is preferably comparatively small compared to the barrier area.

The designated fluid volume flow of a thermally escalating or escalating battery module preferably first flows out of the safety valve into the inflow area.

The guide means and / or at least one element of a guide means, in particular a plate and / or a deflecting element and / or a deflecting vane, preferably has a rear edge, i.e. the geometry of the guide means and / or the most downstream in the flow direction of a designated fluid volume flow Element of the conducting means, which is designed in such a way that a designated fluid volume flow flows away from the geometry in a tangential direction, ie it does not flow around it.

The rear edge is preferably designed to be comparatively sharp-edged, that is to say in particular not roughly rounded. The guide means proposed here is preferably formed from a fiber-reinforced plastic, in particular based on polyamide. In addition to a guide means which essentially consists of plastic, embodiments are preferably also conceivable in which a guide means is filled with fibers 13 and / or has glass fibers and / or has carbon fibers and / or has natural fibers.

The guide means proposed here can preferably be integrated into the battery cover or other existing structural elements made of plastic.

The guide means proposed here can preferably be produced using a plastic molding process or an injection molding process. In some embodiments, the conductive means proposed here can also advantageously be produced in metal die casting.

A "deflection" of the designated fluid volume flow is understood to mean a change in direction of the designated fluid volume flow of at least 30 °, preferably at least 50 ° and especially at least 70 ° with respect to the designated exit direction from the safety valve Ventilation channel almost 90 °, preferably 90 ° and further preferably more than 90 °.

A "ventilation channel" is understood to mean a channel that can flow freely through a designed fluid volume flow and is thus barrier-free, which is formed by side walls and the guide means, the ventilation channel leading from the guide means to the ventilation element, so that a designated fluid volume flow by means of the guide means into the ventilation channel is introduced, is led from the ventilation channel to the ventilation element and can escape through the ventilation element into the vicinity of the traction battery In particular, the ventilation channel spatially separates an area within the ventilation channel from another area within the traction battery, in which the battery cells are arranged, among other things, but a ventilation channel has one or more openings that regularly allow a flow between the two areas mentioned .

So far, traction batteries are known in the prior art that have a safety valve in a battery module so that in the event of an overpressure in a battery module, in particular as a result of a thermal event within the battery module, a designated fluid volume flow can be released from the battery module. This first flows into the free volume in the vicinity of the battery module in the interior of the battery housing.

Even if battery housings with a ventilation element for ventilating the free volume of the interior of the traction battery are already known in the prior art, the designated fluid volume flow is initially distributed predominantly completely in the free volume of the interior of the traction battery and only flows then depending on any boundary conditions of the ventilation element from the free volume of the battery housing.

In the case of embodiments of traction batteries known in the prior art, it could be observed that the designated fluid volume flow, which also carries a heat flow with it, emits this heat flow to a considerable extent to adjacent battery modules. As a result, neighboring battery modules and / or deviating battery modules also heat up additionally, as a result of which a respective thermal event can also occur in these battery modules. This can trigger a chain reaction which can lead to a total failure of the traction battery. 15th Furthermore, traction batteries are known in the prior art which, in an operative connection with the safety valve of the battery module, have a second safety valve located above, which is intended to prevent a backflow of the designated fluid volume flow to the adjacent battery modules. However, this first requires a renewed pressure increase in the area between the safety valve of the battery module and the second safety valve located above, whereby the designated fluid volume flow is initially calmed down, loses kinetic energy in favor of additional heat production and can therefore also only flow more slowly from the traction battery .

The heat flow transferred from the designated fluid volume flow to adjacent battery modules also depends on the local proximity of the designated fluid volume and heat flow to an adjacent battery module and the dwell time of the designated fluid volume and heat flow within the battery housing.

In this respect, a particularly rapid outflow of the designated fluid volume and heat flow from the battery housing is advantageous so that the probability of a chain reaction can be reduced and the availability of the traction battery can be increased.

By providing the conductive means proposed here within the battery housing, the kinetic energy of the designated fluid volume flow emerging from the safety valve provided on the battery module can be ideally used to divert the de signed fluid volume and heat flow as quickly as possible so that it flows in the direction of the ventilation element, whereby it is preferably guided at the same time from the adjacent battery modules as spaced as possible through the ventilation duct to the ventilation element. 16 The guide means proposed here also means that the designated fluid volume flow between the safety valve arranged on the battery module and the ventilation element can be guided with the lowest possible total pressure loss, whereby the designated fluid volume and heat flow can flow out of the battery housing as quickly as possible.

The guide means is preferably designed in such a way that the regularly permeable and thus free of a designated fluid volume flow through which cross-sectional areas of the guide means are arranged fluid corresponding to the safety valve (s), in particular are arranged in the projection direction of the safety valve (s).

The overall low total pressure losses of the designated fluid volume and heat flow can be reduced by directing the fluid volume flow as far as possible without contractions and widening of the flow tube, with deflections of the flow being made well rounded by the guide means proposed here.

In other words, the guide means proposed here advantageously enables the designated fluid volume and heat flow, which flows out of the safety valve arranged on a battery module in the event of a thermal event, to be diverted as quickly as possible from the interior of the battery housing, without previously consuming a critical amount of heat to have transferred another battery module.

A chain reaction as a result of a thermal event in a battery module can thus be prevented or the probability of a chain reaction occurring can at least be significantly reduced. 17th In the absence of a chain reaction, the non-thermally escalated area of the battery modules can continue to be used, so that the traction battery can continue to be operated with limited capacity.

Furthermore, the number of additional components for guiding the designated fluid volume and heat flow can be advantageously reduced compared to solutions known in the prior art. This further reduces the testing and control effort for traction elements, since further valves, in particular second safety valves, do not have to be checked or checked unless they are installed. Overall, the general energy input to the neighboring battery modules can thus advantageously be reduced, whereby the probability of a thermal chain reaction of the remaining battery modules decreases, whereby the risk of fires and / or explosions can also be reduced.

In addition, the occurrence and spread of fire within the battery housing can be delayed, avoided, or at least the probability of fire occurring in the battery housing reduced.

According to the aspect of the invention proposed here, a traction battery is thought of, among other things, which has a safety valve for each battery module, which corresponds to a guide in a fluid-mechanical manner in such a way that the guide is designated to divert a discharge from the safety valve Fluid volume flow is set up in the direction of the at least one ventilation element. A battery module can have one or more battery 18 have cells. The plurality of battery modules can particularly preferably be fastened in the battery shell and / or the battery cover. Alternatively, a traction battery according to the aspect of the invention proposed here has a plurality of safety valves for at least one battery module, which correspond to a guide in a fluid-mechanical manner in such a way that the guide for deflecting a fluid volume flow designated from each safety valve in the direction of the at least one ventilation element is set up. According to this alternative, too, a battery module can have one or more battery cells. Particularly preferably, the plurality of battery modules can also be fastened here in the battery shell and / or the battery cover.

According to an expedient embodiment, the guide means has a plate at least in some areas, at least one component of a normal vector of the plate being oriented in the direction of the ventilation element.

The following should be explained in terms of the terms:

A “plate” is understood to mean a flat component area of the guide means which is flat.

A plate preferably has no thickness distribution in the direction of its longitudinal extension. In other words, a plate is preferably not profiled.

However, it is also conceivable that a plate has a profile. In the case of a profiled plate, for example, a teardrop shape should be considered, the rounded end of which points in the direction 19 of the safety valve is aligned, wherein the pointed tapered end of the drop is aligned in the direction of the ventilation element. A "normal vector" is a vector that is perpendicular to a surface or partial surface, in particular on a surface or partial surface of the guide. A "component of a normal vector" is understood to mean a directional component of the normal vector in a reference coordinate system, in particular in a Cartesian one Reference coordinate system. A spatial direction of the reference coordinate system preferably points in the direction of the ventilation element.

In other words, a guide is proposed here, which at least in some areas has a non-profiled or profiled plate, at least one component of a normal vector of the plate being oriented in the direction of the ventilation element, while another component of the normal vector is oriented in the direction of the safety valve is.

As a result of the required alignment of the normal vector of the plate, it can advantageously be achieved that a designated fluid volume and heat flow emerging from a safety valve is deflected by the guide means in the direction of the ventilation element.

If the plate has a profiling, it is required that the normal vector of an area of the plate, which at least partially forms the guide means, has a component which is oriented in the direction of the ventilation element, while another component of the normal vector is oriented in the direction of the safety valve. 20th As a result of the drop shape, it can advantageously be achieved that the designated fluid volume flow can be deflected in the direction of the ventilation element with a lower pressure loss compared to the embodiment with a non-profiled plate.

The guide means preferably has a deflection element which is formed by means of a plurality of connected plates.

The following should be explained in terms of the terms:

A "deflection element" is a specially shaped element of the guide means which is formed from a plurality of plates, in particular from two plates, preferably from three plates and particularly preferably from more than three plates, the individual plates each forming an angle In other words, two adjacent plates each form an edge on their contact line. This edge is preferably well rounded, the respective rounding merging into a flat area on both sides when viewed in the direction of a designated fluid volume flow.

A deflection element preferably has a polygon in cross section. Depending on the version, the polygon has rounded corners.

The plates forming a deflection element are preferably connected to one another in one piece.

By means of the element of a guide element proposed here, the designated fluid volume flow can advantageously be guided along the deflection element by means of several changes in direction. As a result, the individual changes in direction are compared to

- 21 a guide means in the form of a plate smaller, whereby the total pressure loss of the designated fluid volume and heat flow can be reduced.

Furthermore, a more complex directional guidance of the designated fluid volume flow can advantageously be achieved with a deflection element, so that it is possible to react to complex geometric boundary conditions inside the traction battery. Complex geometric boundary conditions are understood to mean that the geometry cannot be described by a two-dimensional description and a direction of extent. As a result, the imaginary center line of a flow tube can show a three-dimensional deflection, so it does not lie completely in a single, arbitrary plane.

According to a particularly expedient embodiment, the guide means has a deflection vane.

The following should be explained in terms of the terms:

A "deflecting vane" has a body with a concave inner surface. Here, the concave inner surface comprises at least one bend and is thus curved in sections, the radius of curvature not necessarily being constant along the longitudinal extension direction of the deflecting vane. Alternatively or in addition, the have concave inner surface at least one kink.

It is provided that the at least one deflection vane, usually the concave inside of the at least one deflection vane, is oriented in the direction of the ventilation element. In other words, the concave inside of the at least one deflection vane should face the ventilation element. 22nd With the guide means proposed here in the form of a deflecting blade, the total pressure loss of the designated fluid volume flow as a result of the deflection of the flow can be further advantageously reduced, in particular compared to a plate or a deflection element.

The deflecting vane is particularly preferably designed in a profiled manner.

The following should be explained in terms of the terms:

A "profiled" element of the guide means is understood to mean that the element, in particular the plate and / or the deflection element and / or the deflection vane, has a varying thickness distribution in the direction of the designated fluid volume flow from the safety valve to the ventilation element.

A profiled element of a guide means preferably has the thickness distribution of a drop profile.

The shape of a profiled deflecting vane preferably resembles a curved airfoil.

The inside of the deflecting vane can be regarded as the "pressure side" because the circulation-induced reduction in the flow velocity on this side of the deflecting vane caused by the geometry drops in the meantime, whereby the static pressure that acts on the deflecting vane is a result of the Bernoulli effect In other words, the maintenance of the specific energy of the fluid elements along a streamline means that a reduction in the local flow velocity leads to an increase in pressure and vice versa on the other hand, the flow velocity is increased locally, whereby the static 23 Pressure drops locally, which is why this side can also be referred to as the suction side. The negative pressure on the suction side has the effect that the flow is sucked into the contour of the deflection vane, which also changes the direction of the flow.

In this way, it can advantageously be achieved that the total pressure losses can be reduced again by deflecting the designed fluid volume flow as uniformly and gently as possible, in particular because a lower degree of turbulence can be achieved in the designed fluid volume flow, in particular compared to a plate or a deflection element or a non-profiled turning vane as potential elements of the guide means.

The risk of a thermal chain reaction can thus be reduced particularly sharply with a profiled deflection vane. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the guide means has a cascade of plates and / or deflection elements and / or deflection blades.

The following should be explained in terms of the terms:

A “cascade” is understood to mean a plurality of elements of the guide means, which are each arranged offset to one another, so that a cross-section through which a designated fluid volume flow can flow is formed between the individual elements.

A cascade of a plurality of plates is preferably formed. 24 Furthermore, a cascade of a plurality of deflection elements is preferably formed.

A cascade is particularly preferably formed by a plurality of deflecting vanes, in particular by a plurality of profiled deflecting vanes.

It should also be remembered that a cascade can be formed from different elements. Thus, a cascade can, among other things, equally be formed by a plurality of deflection blades and / or deflection elements and / or plates.

The individual elements of the guide means are preferably arranged next to one another and each offset from one another, further preferably with the same spacing between the individual elements.

Among other things, however, a cascade of elements of a guide means that are not arranged equidistant from one another, so that specific geometric boundary conditions within the battery housing of the traction battery can be reacted to, is also considered.

A cascade of elements of the guide means is preferably designed in such a way that a cross section through which the designated fluid volume flow can flow is arranged above a safety valve in each case in the direct projection direction.

The individual elements of the conducting means arranged in a cascade are preferably of the same size.

However, a cascade should also be considered, which has elements of the conductive means of different sizes, so that situational 25 Appropriate to the application, the lowest possible total pressure loss when diverting the designated fluid volume flow can advantageously be achieved. In other words, an aerodynamically designed order steering grille is proposed for a guide means in the form of a cascade of elements of the guide means.

It can advantageously be achieved that a designated fluid volume flow, independently of the safety valve from which it emerges, can be conducted particularly efficiently to the ventilation element, whereby the risk of a thermal chain reaction can be reduced particularly advantageously.

Optionally, the ventilation channel extends above the guide means.

The following should be explained in terms of the terms:

An extension of the ventilation channel “above” the guide means is understood to mean that the ventilation channel is arranged above and on the other side of the guide means from the point of view of a battery module. “Above” does not necessarily mean above in the sense of the orientation when installed in the motor vehicle to understand, especially not in relation to the direction of gravity / acceleration due to gravity. Compared to the overall orientation in the installed state, a ventilation duct according to this aspect of the invention can also be arranged laterally and / or below.

In other words, the guide means is set up for this purpose in the case of a ventilation duct extending above the guide means tet to divert the designated fluid volume flow from a direction flowing out of a safety valve in the direction of the ventila tion element. Advantageously, a very low total pressure loss of the designated fluid volume flow on its distance to be covered between the safety valve and the Ventilationsele element can be achieved, in particular because of the geometrically only slight and thus particularly efficient deflection of the hot designated fluid volume flow in the direction of the ventilation element.

Furthermore, it can advantageously be achieved that a barrier area between the battery modules and the conducting means remains largely free of a designated hot fluid volume flow flowing out of a safety valve, which creates a thermal insulation area between the hot designated fluid volume flow in the ventilation duct and the battery modules, which are arranged to the side of that battery module from which the designated hot fluid volume flow flows out.

According to a particularly expedient embodiment, the ratio between a free cross section between two guide elements and the cross section between the inflow area and the at least one barrier area is greater than 1.

The ratio between a free cross section between two guide elements and the cross section between the inflow area and the at least one barrier area is preferably greater than 1.1, further preferably greater than 1.2, further preferably greater than 1.3, particularly preferably greater than 1, 5, further particularly preferably greater than 1.7 and further particularly preferably greater than 2.0. 27 Furthermore, the ratio between a free cross section between two guide elements and the cross section between the inflow area and the at least one barrier area is preferably greater than 3, further preferably greater than 4, preferably greater than 6, further preferably greater than 8 and particularly preferably greater than 10.

This can advantageously achieve that the total pressure loss of a designated fluid volume flow when flowing in the direction of the barrier area is higher than the total pressure loss of a designated fluid volume flow when flowing from the inflow area through the guide means in the direction of the ventilation duct. In this way, it can advantageously be achieved that the designated fluid volume flow predominantly flows through the guide means in the direction of the ventilation channel and at the same time a thermally insulating layer can form in the barrier area, which can also advantageously reduce the tendency of neighboring battery modules to escalate. Furthermore, optionally, the ventilation channel extends to the side of the guide means.

In terms of terms, the following is explained: If the ventilation channel extends "laterally" of the conducting means, this is to be understood as the fact that the venting channel is arranged above the battery module from the perspective of a battery module, and it also extends to the side of the conducting means, which is also arranged above the battery module From the point of view of the battery module, the ventilation duct is thus arranged laterally next to the guide means In this case, the guide means is set up to deflect the fluid volume flow designated as flowing out of the battery module in such a way that it is deflected into the ventilation channel in the direction of the ventilation element.

In this way, an embodiment can advantageously be achieved which only requires a particularly small amount of space.

According to a particularly expedient embodiment, a guide means and / or an element of the guide means, in particular a plate and / or a deflection element and / or a deflection blade, is set up to deform when heat is introduced, a designated deformation being set up for this purpose is that the designated deformation reduces and / or closes a cross section through which a designed fluid volume flow can flow freely between two adjacent elements.

The thermal deformation of the guide means proposed here is preferably designed in terms of flow mechanics in such a way that the designated hot fluid volume and heat flow can only flow back with difficulty into a barrier area between the battery modules and the guide means. Among other things, according to a particularly preferred embodiment, it should be considered that the thermal deformation of the guide means proposed here leads to the regularly permeable guide means having a guide element in the form of a plate and / or a deflection element and / or a deflection vane, which after the thermally induced deformation rests on its directly adjacent guide element, in particular rests fluid-tight. The thermal deformation can affect one or more or all guide elements of a guide. 29 In this way, it can advantageously be achieved that the separation of the hot designated fluid volume and heat flow compared to the adjacent battery modules can be further improved, as a result of which the risk of a thermal chain reaction is further reduced.

According to an optional embodiment, the guide means is designed as a guide means unit. The following should be explained in terms of the terms:

An embodiment in which the guide means is designed as a “guide means unit” is understood to mean that the guide means is formed as a separate component or as a separate assembly. In other words, the guide means unit is not formed in one process step together with the battery shell or the battery cover shaped.

Preferably, however, in a subsequent process step, the guide unit can be connected to the battery shell or the battery cover in a materially or positively or non-positively manner.

The guide means unit is preferably set up to limit the ventilation channel at least on one side in such a way that a designated fluid volume flow can flow through the guide means into the ventilation channel.

In this way, a particularly cost-effective production of the guide means can advantageously be achieved.

Furthermore, it can advantageously be achieved that the guide means can be retrofitted and / or replaced if necessary. 30th According to an advantageous embodiment, the Entlüftungska channel is formed in the battery cover.

In one embodiment in which the ventilation channel is formed in the battery cover, the battery cover preferably also has the ventilation element.

In this way, a robust component can advantageously be achieved which can be designed simply and compactly.

Furthermore, the assembly effort for the ventilation duct can advantageously be reduced as a result.

According to an optional embodiment, the ventilation channel and the conducting means are formed in the battery cover.

Appropriately, according to one of the embodiment described here, the battery cover preferably also has the ventilation element.

Preferably, in addition to the battery cover, a plate element can be formed which is designed to cover at least the area of the battery cover in which the ventilation channel and the conducting means are arranged on one side and thus preferably to form the ventilation channel.

According to a first variant, it should be considered that the battery cover is covered by a plate element on the side facing the battery shell and thus preferably also facing the battery modules. This plate element can be materially or positively or non-positively connected to the battery cover. In this variant, the plate element has one or more openings and / or the plate element does not close the battery cover 31 over the entire area in the direction of the ventilation duct, so that a designated fluid volume flow from the battery shell and thus from the battery modules can flow into the ventilation duct.

According to a second variant, it should be considered that the battery cover can be closed on its outside, ie on the side facing away from the battery modules, by a plate element. In this embodiment, the battery cover can furthermore preferably have an area that is permeable to a designated fluid volume flow, via which the designated fluid volume flow can flow from the battery module or the battery modules into the battery cover, in particular into the area of the battery cover which contains the conducting means and the ventilation duct having. The plate element on the outer side of the battery cover can be connected to the battery cover in a materially or positively or non-positively manner.

In this way, a robust component with integrated functionality can advantageously be achieved, which can be designed in a simple and compact manner.

Furthermore, the assembly effort for the ventilation duct and the guide means can advantageously be reduced as a result.

According to a further optional embodiment, the ventilation duct and the guide means are formed in a ventilation unit.

The following should be explained in terms of the terms:

A “ventilation unit” is understood to mean a separate component or a separate assembly which accommodates the conducting means and the ventilation channel. This separate component or this separate assembly can be connected 32 to the battery housing especially with the battery cover or the battery tray.

In this way, a functionally optimized, designed and manufactured, compact and robust component can advantageously be achieved.

The battery shell and / or the battery cover preferably has at least one partition for separating at least two adjacent areas, with at least one battery module (20, 22) being arranged in each of the at least two areas.

The following should be explained in terms of the terms:

An "area" is understood to mean a receiving volume for receiving a battery module, which is preferably separated from an adjacent area. Adjacent areas are particularly preferably not in fluid communication with one another. The wall thickness of a partition between two areas is preferably greater than or equal to 0, 5 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 1 mm and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 1.5 mm. Furthermore, the wall thickness of a partition between two areas is preferably greater than or equal to 2 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 3 mm and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 4 mm.

A “partition” is understood to mean an at least partial spatial separation between at least two adjacent areas, which is set up for thermal insulation between the at least two adjacent areas.

Among other things, it should be considered that a partition separates adjacent area designated at least having one battery module from one another, with a designated hot gas emerging from at least one of the separate battery modules flowing through a conduction means into a common ventilation channel, so that a designated one from one or each of the Battery modules 33 escaping hot gas from the battery modules separated by the partition can be diverted via a common ventilation duct. The guide means is preferably set up, in particular due to its shape, so that a hot gas located in the ventilation duct cannot flow back into the area between a safety valve and the guide means.

Optionally, the battery shell is divided into at least two areas, with at least one battery module being arranged in each of the at least two areas, the at least one battery module of each area being in fluid communication with a separate conduction means and / or a separate ventilation duct.

It can advantageously be achieved in this way that a hot gas volume flow emanating from a thermally escalating battery module can be discharged directly through a ventilation duct, in particular a separate ventilation duct, whereby the heat input into adjacent battery modules can be reduced.

Preferably, a partition is made of a long-fiber reinforced polyamide. The at least one partition is preferably connected in one piece to the battery shell and / or the battery cover.

Each ventilation channel is preferably in fluid communication with a separate ventilation element.

In this way, it can advantageously be achieved that after the event of a thermal escalation of a battery cell, one area of the traction battery can initially no longer be used, but another area can be fully used in cycle 34 can remain and consequently also to transport the motor vehicle or to continue operating the motor vehicle who can be used. According to an advantageous embodiment, the battery shell has a heat shield.

In terms of terms, the following is explained in this regard: A “heat protection shield” is understood to mean a layer which is set up to protect a layer underneath this layer from thermal energy.

A heat protection shield expediently has a thickness of greater than or equal to 1 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 1.5 mm and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 2 mm. A heat protection shield also preferably has a thickness of greater than or equal to 2.5 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 3 mm and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 3.5 mm.

A heat protection shield preferably has a particularly heat-resistant material, in particular mica and / or long-fiber reinforced polyamide and / or metal, in particular steel. Specifically, heat protection shields should also be considered here, which have a combination of a first layer made of long fiber-reinforced polyamide and a second layer made of mica and / or metal, in particular steel.

A fiber of a long fiber-reinforced polyamide preferably consists of a glass fiber and / or a carbon fiber and / or an aramid fiber and / or a basalt fiber. The fiber content of a long fiber-reinforced heat protection layer preferably has a fiber volume content of greater than or equal to 40%. 35 It is preferably proposed to protect areas directly exposed to a designated hot gas with a heat shield. These can be found directly or indirectly above a safety valve, among other things.

A heat shield is expediently arranged in the ventilation duct. Furthermore, it is concretely conceivable that a conducting means consists directly of a material of a heat protection shield.

A heat protection shield preferably has a stamped part made of metal or a molded / stamped part made of plastic with local metal / mica shields.

The traction battery preferably has at least one heat accumulator, the heat accumulator having a thermal conductivity and a heat capacity.

The following should be explained in terms of the terms:

A “heat store” is understood to mean a store for thermal energy. The heat store is set up to absorb heat energy from the hot gas of a thermally escalating battery cell and / or a thermally escalating battery module and to release it again at different times.

A heat accumulator preferably has rock wool or consists of rock wool.

It can advantageously be achieved in this way that a designated hot gas can be cooled down so much before it exits the traction battery that a hazard to the vehicle environment from the hot gas can be reduced or prevented. Among other things, a fuel tank in a hybrid vehicle that can be protected from a designated hot gas is considered. 36 In this way, the maximum heat flow from the hot gas of a thermally escalating battery cell and / or a thermally escalating battery module to the battery shell and / or the battery cover and / or the conducting means and / or an adjacent battery module can also advantageously be reduced. In particular, such a contribution can be made to ensure that the battery shell and / or the battery cover and / or the conductive medium are not or not too much softened by the hot gas and / or neighboring battery modules do not likewise thermally escalate.

Optionally, the heat capacity of the heat accumulator is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.2 kJ / kgK and less than or equal to 1.2 kJ / kgK, preferably in a range of greater than or equal to 0.6 kJ / kgK and less than or equal to 1, 1 kJ / kgK and particularly preferably in a range of greater than or equal to 0.8 kJ / kgK and less than or equal to 1.0 kJ / kgK.

Furthermore, optionally, the thermal conductivity of the heat store is greater than or equal to 0.3 W / mK, preferably greater than or equal to 2 W / mK and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 5 W / mK.

A network and / or a grid can preferably be provided on a heat accumulator, which, with its heat capacity and its comparably large surface area that comes into contact with the hot gas, absorbs a particularly large heat flow and can thus cool the hot gas particularly efficiently. The net and / or the grid preferably has metal fibers and / or glass fibers and / or basalt fibers.

Optionally, the heat accumulator is arranged in the ventilation duct of the traction battery. The effectiveness of the heat accumulator can thereby advantageously be used directly in the ventilation duct, which is particularly thermally loaded. 37 The heat storage device preferably has metal fibers and / or a metal grid, in particular metal fibers and / or a metal grid made of aluminum and / or copper.

In this way, a particularly robust and efficient heat accumulator can advantageously be achieved.

Furthermore, a heat accumulator preferably has a core area and an edge area. The core area is preferably a lat heat accumulator and / or a thermochemical heat accumulator. The edge area particularly preferably has a metal knitted fabric.

Advantageously, this can mean that, due to the comparatively high thermal conductivity of the metal knitted fabric, a signed hot gas can be cooled particularly quickly and the comparatively high heat capacity of the core area can absorb comparatively high thermal energy.

The heat store particularly preferably has a latent heat store.

The following should be explained in terms of the terms:

A "latent heat accumulator" is understood to mean a heat accumulator which does not or only slightly changes the sensible outside temperature when absorbing and / or releasing thermal energy .

In this way, thermal energy can advantageously be stored by the heat accumulator without the heat accumulator itself heating the battery shell and / or the battery cover and / or the conducting means and / or an adjacent battery module. 38 The heat storage device expediently has a thermochemical heat storage device.

The following should be explained in terms of the terms:

A “thermochemical heat store” is understood to mean a heat store which stores thermal energy with the aid of endothermic and exothermic reactions. A thermochemical heat store preferably comprises a silica gel or a zeolite.

According to a second aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a motor vehicle having a traction battery according to the first aspect of the invention.

The following should be explained in terms of the terms:

A “motor vehicle” is understood to mean a vehicle driven by an engine. A motor vehicle is preferably not tied to a rail or at least not permanently track-bound.

It goes without saying that the above-described parts of a traction battery extend directly to a motor vehicle which has such a traction battery.

It should be expressly pointed out that the subject matter of the second aspect can advantageously be combined with the subject matter of the above aspect of the invention, both individually or cumulatively in any combination.

Further advantages, details and features of the invention result from the exemplary embodiments explained below. In detail: 39 FIG. 1: schematically, a first traction battery from the prior art;

Figure 2: schematically a second traction battery from the

State of the art;

FIG. 3: schematically, a traction battery with a Leitmit tel and a ventilation duct extending above the Leitmit;

FIG. 4: a perspective view of a traction battery with a guide means and a ventilation duct extending above the guide means;

Figure 5: schematically a traction battery with a through the

Heat input locally deformed conductive agent;

FIG. 6a: schematically, a traction battery with a Leitmit tel and a ventilation duct extending to the side of the guide means;

FIG. 6b: a perspective view of a traction battery with a guide means and a ventilation duct extending to the side of the guide means;

FIG. 7: schematically, a battery cover with an integrated ventilation duct and a guide unit;

Figure 8: schematically a ventilation unit with integrated

Ventilation duct and guide means;

FIG. 9: schematically, a battery cover with an integrated ventilation duct and guide means and an internal plate element; and 40 FIG. 10: schematically, a battery cover with an integrated ventilation duct and guide means and an external plate element.

In the description that follows, the same reference characters denote the same components or the same features, so that a description made with reference to a figure with regard to a construction also applies in part to the other figures, so that a repeated description is avoided. Furthermore, individual features that have been described in connection with one embodiment can also be used separately in other embodiments.

The traction battery 1 in FIG. 1 essentially consists of a battery housing 10 and a plurality of battery modules 20, 22, of which one battery module 20 is thermally escalated.

Each battery module 20, 22 has a separate safety valve 24, through which a designated fluid volume flow 26 can escape in the event of an impending overpressure in the battery module 20, 22.

The battery housing 10 of the traction battery 1 has a ventilation element 42 through which the interior (not be characterized) of the traction battery 1 can be ventilated with respect to the environment 5 of the traction battery 1.

A signed fluid volume flow 26 flows from the thermally escalated battery module 20 via the associated safety valve 24 into the interior (not designated) of the battery housing 10.

The designated fluid volume flow 26 is not deflected in the Traktionsbat terie 1, collides with the battery housing 10 and

- 41 is initially distributed in the interior (not designated) of the battery housing. As a result, the interior (not designated) of the battery housing 10 warms up as a result of the heat flow (not designated) carried along by the designated fluid volume flow 26, which accelerates the thermal propagation 50 from the thermally escalated battery module 20 to the adjacent battery modules 22 comes.

If the neighboring battery modules 22 reach a critical temperature (not shown), the neighboring battery modules 22 can also thermally escalate. This can continue in the form of a chain reaction, whereby the risk of ignition of the traction battery 1 increases.

The traction battery 1 in FIG. 2 has a battery housing 10 which consists of a battery shell 12 and a battery cover 14.

The battery cover 14 and the battery shell 12 are positively or non-positively or cohesively connected to one another.

The battery cover 14 has a plane (not designated) with a plurality of second safety valves 28 which limit a barrier space (not designated) between the Batteriemo modules 20, 22 and the plane (not designated).

A second safety valve 28 each preferably communicates with a respective safety valve 24.

In the event of a thermal escalation of the battery module 20, the safety valve 24 of the battery module 20 opens and a designated fluid volume flow 26 emerges from the battery module 20 and into the barrier space (not designated) below the level (not designated) with the plurality of second safety valves 28 a. 42 From a defined overpressure in the barrier space, the second safety valve 28 opens above the safety valve 24 of the battery module 20 and the designated fluid volume flow 26 can find its way into the area above the level (not designated) and then through the ventilation element 42 into the environment 5 of the traction battery 1 continue.

The traction battery 1 in FIG. 3 has a conducting means 30, which has a plurality of elements of the conducting means 32. The elements of the guide means 32 are Umlen effect elements 32 which are arranged in a cascade (not designated). If there is a thermal escalation of the battery module 20 and a designated fluid volume flow 26 emerges via the safety valve 24 of the battery module 20, it is diverted directly from the guide means 30 into the ventilation channel 40 in the direction of the ventilation element 42, from where it enters the Environment 5 of the traction battery 1 can escape.

The ventilation channel 40 is set up to forward the designated fluid volume flow 26 without major total pressure losses (not shown) in the direction of the ventilation element 42.

Below the conductive means 30, in addition to the thermally calibrated battery module 20, above the adjacent battery modules 22, some of the comparatively cold air (not shown) that was present before the thermal event remains and thus forms a barrier layer (not shown) of cold air (not shown) ) within a barrier area (not designated) with respect to the designated fluid volume flow 26, which provides thermal insulation between the adjacent battery modules 43 22 and the designated fluid volume flow 26 in the ventilation channel 40 and thus a heat flow (not shown) from the designated fluid volume flow 26 into the adjacent battery modules 22 is reduced.

Accordingly, there is preferably a thermally insulating barrier layer (not designated) between the conductive means 30 and the non-thermally escalated battery modules 22 within the barrier area located there (not designated), which is advantageously between the comparatively hot designated fluid volume flow 26 and the thermally non-escalated one Battery modules 22 extends.

In contrast to the barrier area (not designated), there is an inflow area (not designated, in which the designated fluid volume flow 26 from the safety valve 24 first flows in) between the conducting means 30 and the thermally escalated battery module 20.

The traction battery 1 in Fig. 4 is perspective Darge provides. The elements 32 of the conducting means 30 are laterally closed ver, whereby a designated fluid volume flow 26 can be deflected even better and with lower total pressure losses (not shown) in the ventilation duct 40 and directed towards the ventilation element 42.

The traction battery 1 in FIG. 5 has a conducting means 30 which has a plurality of thermally deformed elements 34 of the conducting means 30.

As a result of the designated fluid volume flow 26 flowing through the ventilation channel 40 in the direction of the ventilation element 42 above the conducting means 30, the elements 34 of the conducting means 30 are thermally deformed. 44 The thermal deformation (not designated) is shaped in such a way that a free cross section (not designated) between two adjacent elements 34 of the conducting means 30 and between the ventilation duct 40 and the barrier area (not designated) is reduced or decreased by the deformation (not designated) is locked.

As a result, mixing of the designated fluid volume flow 26, which is hot compared to the air in the barrier layer (not designated), can be reduced or prevented, whereby the thermal insulation of the barrier layer (not designated) with respect to the adjacent battery modules 22 can be improved.

The guide means 30 can preferably be deformed directly above the safety valve 24, from which the designated fluid volume flow 26 flows out, by the designated fluid volume flow 26, so that the free cross-section through which the designated fluid volume flow 26 flows is enlarged. Optionally and preferably, the free cross section of the ventilation channel 40 is also reduced in the direction facing away from the Ventilationsele element 42, whereby an undesirable secondary flow of the designated fluid volume flow 26 in the area of the ventilation channel 40 facing away from the ventilation element 42 can be reduced or prevented.

The traction battery 1 in Fig. 6a and 6b has a ventilation duct 40 which is on the side of the conductive means 30 angeord net. This is shown schematically in FIG. 6a and in perspective in FIG. 6b.

In the event of a thermal escalation of a battery module 22, a designated fluid volume flow (not shown) emerges via a safety valve 24 into the area of the conducting means 30, 45 is deflected there by the interaction with the elements 32 of the guide means 30 in the ventilation duct 40 arranged on the side of the guide means 30 and passed on from there with the lowest possible further total pressure losses (not shown) in the direction of the ventilation element 42.

According to an alternative embodiment (not shown) it is also conceivable that a traction battery 1 based on the traction battery 1 from FIGS 6b Darge presented safety valves 24 each breakthroughs (not shown) are formed. On the side of the openings (not shown) facing away from the conductive means 30, battery modules 22 are arranged in this case, which are preferably arranged to communicate with the openings (not shown). A barrier area (not shown) is provided, which is arranged between the battery modules 22 and the conducting means 30.

Among other things, it should be specifically considered here that the ventilation channel 40 is arranged on the outside of the battery shell 12 and can be delimited from the surroundings of the traction battery with a cover and / or a ventilation element.

The ventilation channel 40 in FIG. 7 is formed directly in the battery cover 14.

The guide means (not designated) is formed with its elements 32 in the form of a guide means unit 36 as a separate component or as a separate assembly opposite the battery cover 14. 46 The conduction unit 36 can be materially, positively or non-positively connected to the battery cover 14, so that a designated fluid volume flow (not shown) can be diverted via the conduction unit 36 into the ventilation channel and from there through the ventilation element 42 into the battery cover 14 Environment 5 of the battery cover 14 can leave.

The guide unit preferably has a stamped part made of metal or a molded / stamped part made of plastic with local metal / mica shields, as a result of which the heat protection can be improved.

The ventilation unit 44 in FIG. 8 already contains, in the form of a compact and robust unit, a ventilation channel 40 formed in the ventilation unit 44 (only placeholders shown in the form of a honeycomb structure), a guide means 30 (only placeholders shown in the form of a honeycomb structure) and a Ventilation element 42 for ventilating and / or venting with the surroundings 5.

Guide means 30 (only placeholder in the form of a honeycomb structure is shown) and ventilation channel 40 (only placeholder shown in the form of a honeycomb structure) can, in addition to other likewise conceivable variants in the form of a guide means 30 and / or a ventilation channel 40, which each individually specifically consist of egg ner of Figures 3 and / or 4 and / or 5 and / or 6a and / or 6b are known.

Furthermore, it is also conceivable that the guide 30 (only placeholder shown in the form of a honeycomb structure) and the ventilation channel 40 (only placeholder shown in the form of a honeycomb structure) by means of a Leitmitte leinheit 36 known from FIG. 7 and one known from FIG Ventilation channel 40 are carried out. 47 The ventilation unit 44 can be connected from the outside with a form fit or material fit or a force fit with a battery housing 10, in particular with the battery cover 14.

In the connection area (not designated), the Batteriege housing 10 has a plurality of openings 48 through which a designated fluid volume flow (not shown) can enter the ventilation unit 44 from the Bat tery housing 10.

The battery cover 14 in FIG. 9 has a ventilation channel 40 (only placeholders shown in the form of a honeycomb structure), a guide means 30 (only placeholders in the form of a honeycomb structure shown) and a ventilation element 42 for ventilating the battery housing 10 with the surroundings 5 on.

Ventilation channel 40 (only placeholder shown in the form of a honeycomb structure) and guide means 30 (only placeholder shown in the form of a honeycomb structure) can be formed together or in series with the battery cover 14 directly in the battery cover 14. In this expedient embodiment, especially when the ventilation channel 40 is arranged to the side of the guide means 30 (according to FIG Extrusion).

Ventilation channel 40 (only placeholder shown in the form of a honeycomb structure) and guide means 30 (only placeholder shown in the form of a honeycomb structure) can be covered from the inside (not designated) of the battery cover 14 by means of a plate element 46 which has a plurality of openings 48, whereby the ventilation channel 40 can also only be completed in a particularly advantageous embodiment. 48 Guide means 30 (only placeholder in the form of a honeycomb structure is shown) and ventilation channel 40 (only placeholder shown in the form of a honeycomb structure) can, in addition to other likewise conceivable variants in the form of a guide means 30 and / or a ventilation channel 40, which each individually specifically consist of egg ner of Figures 3 and / or 4 and / or 5 and / or 6a and / or 6b are known.

Furthermore, it is also conceivable that the guide 30 (only placeholder shown in the form of a honeycomb structure) and the ventilation channel 40 (only placeholder shown in the form of a honeycomb structure) by means of a Leitmitte leinheit 36 known from FIG. 7 and one known from FIG Ventilation channel 40 are carried out.

The plate element 46 can be connected to the battery cover 14 with a material fit or a form fit or a force fit.

A designated fluid volume flow (not shown) can flow from the battery housing 10 through the plurality of openings 48 in the plate element 46 into the conducting means 30 (only placeholders shown in the form of a honeycomb structure) and thus also the ventilation duct 40 (only placeholders shown in the form of a honeycomb structure ) flow in.

The battery cover 14 in FIG. 10 has a ventilation channel 40 (only placeholders shown in the form of a honeycomb structure), a guide means 30 (only placeholders in the form of a honeycomb structure shown) and a ventilation element 42 for ventilating the battery housing 10 with the environment 5 on.

Ventilation channel 40 (only placeholders shown in the form of a honeycomb structure) and guide means 30 (only placeholders shown in the form of a honeycomb structure) can be used together or in series with the 49 Battery cover 14 can be formed directly in battery cover 14. In this expedient embodiment, especially when the ventilation channel 40 is arranged to the side of the guide means 30 (according to FIG. or extrusion).

In this case, the guide means 30 (only placeholders shown in the form of a honeycomb structure), in addition to other likewise conceivable variants in the form of a guide means 30, which each individually and specifically from one of FIGS. 3 and / or 4 and / or 5 and / or 6a and / or 6b is known.

Furthermore, it is also conceivable that the guide means 30 (only placeholder shown in the form of a honeycomb structure) is implemented by means of a guide means unit 36 known from FIG. 7.

The ventilation channel 40 can be limited by the plate element 46 in addition to other conceivable embodiments. Among other things, an embodiment of a ventilation duct 40 is also considered, which is known from one of FIGS. 3 and / or 4 and / or 5 and / or 6a and / or 6b.

In particular, it is thought, inter alia, to limit a ventilation channel 40 known from FIGS. 6a and / or 6b with the plate element 46.

Ventilation channel 40 (only placeholder shown in the form of a honeycomb structure) and guide means 30 (only placeholder shown in the form of a honeycomb structure) can be covered by means of a plate element 46 on the outside of the battery cover 14, whereby the ventilation channel 40 is also completed in a particularly advantageous embodiment can. 50 The plate element 46 can be connected to the battery cover 14 with a material fit or a form fit or a force fit. The battery cover has in the area of the conductive means 30 (only placeholders shown in the form of a honeycomb structure) a plurality of openings 48 through which a designated fluid volume flow (not shown) from the battery housing 10 into the conductive means 30 (only placeholders in the form of a honeycomb structure shown) and thus also the ventilation channel 40 (only space holder shown in the form of a honeycomb structure) can flow. 51 List of reference symbols

1 traction battery

5 Environment of the traction battery 10 Battery housing

12 battery tray

14 battery cover

20 Battery module, thermally escalated 22 Battery module 24 Safety valve

26 designated fluid volume flow

28 second safety valve

30 guide means

32 Element of the guide means, plate, deflection element, deflection vane

34 Element of the conducting means, thermally deformed 36 Conducting means unit

40 ventilation duct

42 ventilation element 44 ventilation unit

46 plate element

48 breakthrough

50 thermal propagation 52

Claims

1. Having traction battery (1)

- a battery tray (12),

- A plurality of battery modules (20, 22) arranged in the battery shell (12), each battery module (20, 22) having at least one safety valve (24),

- A battery cover (14) and

- A ventilation element (42) for supplying and / or venting the traction battery (1), characterized in that

- The traction battery (1) an at least partially for a designated fluid volume flow (26) regularly permeable conduction means (30) for deflecting a designated safety valve (24) emerging from a safety valve (24)

Having fluid volume flow (26) in the direction of the ventilation element (42),

- The traction battery (1) having a ventilation duct (40) which extends from the guide means (30) to the ventilation element (42).

2. traction battery (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide means (30) at least partially has a plate (32), at least one component of a normal vector of the plate (32) aligned in the direction of the Ventilationsele element (42) is.

3. Traction battery (1) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the guide means (30) has a deflection element (32) which is formed by means of a plurality of plates to be connected. 53

4. Traction battery (1) according to one of the preceding Ansprü surface, characterized in that the guide means (30) has an order steering vane (32).

5. traction battery (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the deflection vane (32) is profiled.

6. Traction battery (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide means (30) has a cascade of plates (32) and / or deflection elements (32) and / or deflection blades (32).

7. traction battery (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ventilation duct (40) extends above the guide means (30).

8. traction battery (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the ventilation channel (40) extends laterally of the guide means (30).

9. traction battery (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a guide means (30) and / or an element of the guide means (32), in particular a plate (32) and / or a deflection element (32) and / or a deflection vane (32), which is designed to deform when heat is introduced, a designated deformation being designed to ensure that the designated deformation results in a cross-section between two adjacent elements (32) through which a designed fluid volume flow (26) can flow freely ) is reduced in size and / or closed.

10. traction battery (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide means (30) is designed as a guide center unit (36). 54

11. traction battery (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ventilation channel (40) is formed in the battery cover (14).

12. traction battery (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the ventilation channel (40) and the guide means (30) are formed in the battery cover (14).

13. Traction battery (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the ventilation channel (40) and the guide means (30) are formed in a ventilation unit (44).

14. Traction battery (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the battery shell and / or the battery cover has at least one partition for separating at least two adjacent areas, with at least one battery module (20, in each case in the at least two areas). 22) is arranged.

15. traction battery (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the battery shell (12) is divided into at least two areas, with at least one battery module (20, 22) being arranged in each of the at least two areas, the at least one battery module (20, 22) in each area is in fluid communication with a separate conducting means (30) and / or a separate venting channel (40).

16. The traction battery (1) according to claim 15, characterized in that each ventilation channel (40) is in fluid communication with a separate ventilation element (42). 55

17. traction battery (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the battery shell (12) has a heat shield.

18. Traction battery (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the traction battery (1) has at least one heat store, the heat store having a thermal conductivity and a heat capacity.

19. traction battery (1) according to claim 18, characterized in that the heat capacity of the heat storage is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.2 kJ / kgK and less than or equal to 1.2 kJ / kgK, preferably in a range of greater or equal to 0.6 kJ / kgK and less than or equal to 1.1 kJ / kgK and particularly preferably in a range of greater than or equal to 0.8 kJ / kgK and less than or equal to 1.0 kJ / kgK.

20. Traction battery (1) according to one of claims 18 or 19, characterized in that the thermal conductivity of the heat accumulator is greater than or equal to 0.3 W / mK, preferably greater than or equal to 2 W / mK and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 5 W. / mK.

21. Traction battery (1) according to one of claims 18 or 20, characterized in that the heat accumulator is arranged in the ventilation duct (40) of the traction battery (1).

22. Traction battery (1) according to one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that the heat accumulator has metal fibers and / or a metal grid, in particular metal fibers and / or a metal grid made of aluminum and / or copper.

23. Traction battery (1) according to one of claims 18 to 22, characterized in that the heat storage device has a latent heat storage device. 56

24. traction battery (1) according to any one of claims 18 to 22, characterized in that the heat storage has a thermochemical heat storage.

25. Motor vehicle having a traction battery (1) according to one of claims 1 to 22. 57