EP4147323A1

EP4147323A1 - Method for controlling an energy storage system comprising at least two elementary energy storage devices, associated control device and energy storage system comprising such a control device

Info

Publication number: EP4147323A1
Application number: EP21722256.1A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Serge Geoffroid ELENGA
Original assignee: Thales SA
Current assignee: Thales SA
Priority date: 2020-05-05
Filing date: 2021-05-04
Publication date: 2023-03-15
Also published as: FR3110036A1; FR3110036B1; WO2021224238A1

Abstract

Method for controlling an energy storage system (10) comprising batteries (11, 12) between an energy source (2) and an energy-consuming load (5), said method comprising the following steps: the energy storage system is controlled so as to use, at any given time, distinct batteries for, on the one hand, charging from the source and, on the other hand, discharging in the direction of the consuming load; the energy storage system is controlled so as to trigger discharging of any one battery only if the current charge of said battery has reached a maximum state of charge; the energy storage system is controlled so as to trigger charging of any one of the batteries only if the current charge of said battery has dropped to a minimum state of charge.

Description

TITLE: Method for controlling an energy storage system comprising at least two elementary energy storage devices, associated control device and energy storage system comprising such a control device

The present invention relates to the field of energy storage systems, which are disposed between an energy consuming load and an energy source, and in particular an intermittent energy source, such as wind turbines, solar panels. , hydraulic or thermal energy, etc., the availability of which, in terms of time and / or volume, is very variable and not really predictable.

Such a storage device is for example described in FR 2 780 827 A1, which proposes to isolate a battery in order to charge it completely before reintroducing it into the load supply circuit made up of 3 batteries in parallel. Unfortunately, the prototype of this previous device only improved the energy recovery rate by 10% and the battery life by 20%.

There is a need to further improve the recovery of wasted energy and to further increase battery life and life for increased system availability.

To this end, according to a first aspect, the invention proposes a method for controlling an energy storage system comprising at least two elementary energy storage devices intended to be placed between at least one energy source and at least one energy consuming load, said method being characterized in that it comprises the following steps: the advanced energy storage system is controlled so as to use at each instant separate elementary energy storage devices for , on the one hand, the load from the source and, on the other hand, the discharge in the direction of the consuming load; the advanced energy storage system is controlled so as to trigger a discharge of any one of the elementary devices only if the current charge of said elementary device has risen to a maximum state of charge; the advanced energy storage system is controlled so as to trigger a charge of any one of the elementary devices only if the current charge of said elementary device has dropped to a minimum state of charge. The invention makes it possible to decorrelate the charge and discharge of elementary energy storage devices, the charge and discharge cycles being more respected. Aspects of recovering lost energy and increasing battery life and autonomy are further optimized.

In embodiments, the method of controlling an energy storage system according to the present invention further comprises one or more of the following features:

- each of the two elementary storage devices is dimensioned beforehand according to the consuming load so as to supply the consuming load alone during its discharge phase up to its minimum load threshold;

- the energy storage system comprises at least three elementary devices, and the energy storage system is controlled so as to temporarily suspend the charge of that of the elementary devices then being charged and not having reached the threshold maximum load and to trigger instead the charge of the third elementary device, the energy storage system being controlled to subsequently re-trigger the interrupted charge of the elementary device either from the source or from one of said other elementary devices; said suspension is controlled according to a forecast of energy production by the source and a state of charge of that of the elementary devices being charged;

- the energy storage system is controlled so as to re-trigger the temporarily suspended charge of an elementary device by the energy of one of the other food devices as a function of a charging time that has elapsed since the start of said charged.

According to a second aspect, the present invention proposes a device for controlling an advanced energy storage system, said energy storage system comprising at least two elementary energy storage devices intended to be placed between at least one. energy source and at least one energy-consuming load, said control device being adapted to command the energy storage system to use at each instant separate elementary energy storage devices for, on the one hand , the load at from the source and, on the other hand, the discharge in the direction of the consuming load; said control device being adapted to command the energy storage system not to trigger a discharge of any one of the elementary devices unless the current charge of said elementary device has risen to a maximum state of charge; said control device being adapted to command the energy storage system not to trigger a charge of any one of the elementary devices unless the current charge of said elementary device has dropped to a minimum state of charge.

According to a third aspect, the present invention provides an energy storage system comprising such a control device.

These characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example, and made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[Fig 1] Figure 1 shows a view of an energy production and consumption platform in one embodiment of the invention;

[Fig 2] Figure 2 illustrates steps of a method in one embodiment of the invention;

[Fig 3] Figure 3 shows a view of an energy production and consumption platform in one embodiment of the invention;

[Fig 4] Figure 4 shows a view of an energy production and consumption platform in one embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 1 shows a view of a platform 1 for the production and consumption of energy in one embodiment of the invention.

The energy production and consumption platform 1 comprises a source 2 of electrical energy, a charger module 3, an energy storage system 10 according to the invention, called an advanced energy storage system 10, an inverter 4 and an energy consuming load 5.

The energy source 2 may comprise one or more elements from separate sources providing energy, in particular intermittent, for example wind turbines, solar panels, a generator set, etc., which can be identified and can be individually controlled by the functions. control of the advanced energy storage system. Likewise, the consuming load 5 may include one or more load elements consuming electricity. The consuming load 5 may for example comprise one or more dwelling (s), each comprising several identifiable electrical equipment (air conditioning, main consumption, lighting, socket outlet, refrigerators, radiators, hot water tanks, etc.) be individually controlled by the control functions of the advanced energy storage system.

The advanced energy storage system 10 is suitable on the one hand to store electrical energy delivered by the source 2 and on the other hand to supply electrical energy to the consuming load 5.

The advanced energy storage system 10 comprises, in the embodiment of the invention considered with reference to the figures, 3 elementary energy storage devices (DESE) 11, 12, 13.

In the present case, each of these DESE 11, 12, 13 is a battery, for example a lead, Lithium, Nickel, Sodium, ... type battery, respectively named Bat 1 (DESE 11), Bat 2 (DESE 12 ) and Bat i (DESE 13).

In a preliminary phase, the capacity of each DESE 11, 12, 13 was dimensioned so that each DESE 11, 12, 13 is suitable for supplying only the consuming load 5 for 72 hours.

Bat 1, Bat 2 and Bat i do not necessarily have the same capacity. However, to simplify the experimental model, it is simpler to have 2 or even 3 batteries of the same capacity to simplify the calculation of the charging and discharging times which must be similar to ensure the switchovers from one DESE to another. .

Depending on the type of applications and especially the type of energy (permanent or transient) requested, the Bat i can be a super-capacity or a fuel cell (hydrogen) respectively to provide power (pulse) and extension autonomy (secondary source for permanent energy)

The advanced storage system 10 further comprises a set of control modules, comprising in the particular case considered, a control block 16, an upstream referral block 17, a downstream referral block 18.

The control unit 16 is an electronic unit suitable for controlling the operation of the upstream switching unit 17 and of the downstream switching unit 18 and triggering the charging, discharging or status quo of the DESEs of the advanced storage system 10. The upstream routing block 17 is adapted to direct the electrical energy supplied by the source 2 in the direction of a single DESE 11, 12 or 13 indicated by a command from the control block 16: thus in the present case either at the input of Bat 1, either as input to Bat 2, or as input to Bat i.

The upstream routing block 17 comprises, in the particular case considered, an upstream routing sub-block 170 and an upstream routing sub-block 171. The upstream routing sub-block 170 is suitable for routing electrical energy. supplied by the source either at the input of the upstream routing sub-block 171 of Bat 1, or at the input of Bat i. The upstream routing sub-block 171 is suitable for routing the electrical energy supplied to it by the upstream routing sub-block 170 either at the input of Bat 1 or at the input of Bat 2, depending on the command. control block 16.

The downstream switching unit 18 is adapted to take as input the electrical energy supplied by a single DESE 11, 12 or 13 indicated by a command from the control unit 16: thus in the present case the electrical energy either at the output of Bat 1, either exiting Bat 2 or exiting Bat i, and to supply load 5, via inverter 4, with this energy coming from one of the batteries Bat 1, Bat 2, Bat i.

The downstream switch block 18 comprises, in the particular case considered, a downstream switch sub-block 180 and a downstream switch sub-block 181.

The downstream routing sub-block 180 is adapted to take as input the electrical energy supplied either at the output of Bat 1 or at the output of Bat 2, depending on the command received from the control block 16 and to supply the sub downstream switching block 181 this energy.

The downstream routing sub-block 181 is adapted to take as input the electrical energy supplied either at the output of Bat i, or at the output of the downstream routing sub-block 180, depending on the command received from the control unit 16 and to supply the load 5, via the inverter 4, this energy.

The turnout sub-blocks 170, 171, 180, 181 include remotely controlled switches and diodes.

Other embodiments of the switching blocks 17 and 18 can be implemented, for example for the creation of a community network for sharing energy of n switching blocks of type 17 and 18 either between producers or between producers. and consumers (non-producers)

The charger module 3 placed between the source 2 and the advanced energy storage system is suitable for determining at which point in its charging cycle. charge or discharge each DESE is found: for example, for a battery: gross charge phase, floating phase, equalization phase or end of charge.

The inverter 4 placed between the advanced energy storage system and the load 5 is suitable for supplying several loads and more particularly for establishing a direct link with the charger module 3 for:

- By-pass the advanced storage system 10 for maintenance of the entire system (from Charger module 3 to Inverter 4)

Finalize the charge of the DESEs from the DESEs being discharged (from Inverter 4 to Charger Module 3) when source 2 is no longer active.

In the embodiment of a platform 1 shown in FIG. 1 and at the instant considered, the control unit 16 has ordered that the energy supplied by the source 2 be received and stored by the Bat 1 (DESE 11 ) and that the load 5 is supplied by the Bat 2 (DESE 12): the arrows in solid bold line represent the flow of charge and the arrows in bold dotted line represent the discharge flow. No other charge or discharge flow is controlled. DESE 13, Bat i, is on standby, neither being loaded nor unloaded. For example, it is full, waiting to be unloaded or empty, waiting to be charged.

According to the invention, the following rules are implemented by the advanced energy storage system 10:

- the operation of the advanced energy storage system 10 is controlled by the control unit 16, via the upstream 17 and downstream 18 switching blocks, so as to use an DESE 11, 12 or 13 for the load at all times from the source 2 separate from the DESE 11, 12 or 13 used for the discharge in the direction of the consuming load 5;

- furthermore, the operation of the advanced energy storage system 10 is controlled by the control unit 16 so as not to trigger any discharge of any of the DESEs 11, 12, 13 in the direction of the load 5 via the inverter 4 that if said DESE is in a maximum state of charge - in other words, “a DESE being charged must not be unloaded”, ie the advanced storage system prohibits triggering a discharge of a DESE during charging ;

- and the operation of the advanced energy storage system 10 is controlled so as to trigger a charge of any one of the DESEs 11, 12, 13 only if said DESE is in a minimum state of charge - in other words, "a DESE during discharge must not be charged ”, ie the advanced storage system prohibits triggering of charging of a DESE during discharge.

The maximum state and the minimum state of charge of a DESE 11, 12, 13 is predefined:

the maximum state corresponds, in one embodiment, to a state of the battery where the latter is held as full, ie where the voltage at the terminals of the battery is greater than a given threshold Vh and / or where the current power received since the start of the charging cycle is greater than a given threshold Ih (corresponding for example to x% of the nominal capacity of the battery, with x included in the range [90% to 100%] respectively, for example for batteries Lithium and lead The maximum state of charge is for example greater than 80% of a full charge.

the minimum state corresponds, in one embodiment, to a state of the battery where the latter is held as empty, ie the voltage at the terminals of the battery is below a given threshold Vb and / or where the electric current delivered since the start of the discharge cycle is greater than a given threshold Ib (corresponding for example to z% of the nominal capacity of the battery, with z included in the range [10% to 20% respectively for Lithium and Lead batteries] The minimum state of charge is for example less than 20% of a full charge.

The charge / discharge cycles of the batteries (half-charge cycle and half-discharge cycle) are thus fully implemented.

The control unit 16 is suitable for communicating with the charger module 3 to monitor the state of charge of the DESEs 11, 12, 13, and in particular to determine where in the charge or discharge cycle each is located: for example, for a battery: in the gross charge phase, or in the floating phase, or again in a maximum or minimum state of charge, the commands taken by the control unit 16 being a function of these states of charge.

The Bat 1, Bat 2 or Bat i battery power control is a current and voltage (capacity) supply control. The system thus makes it possible, whatever the type of DESE, to offer an energy availability of 80% of the capacity, without calling into question the lifespan of the DESEs considered.

In one embodiment of the invention, in particular when there are at least 3 DESEs, as in the case of FIG. 1, a DESE (which is called bat i) is still on standby, ie neither in the process of be charged, nor in the process of being unloaded. This waiting phase is defined using SOC (“State Of Charge”: state of charge) and DOD (“Deap Of Discharged”: depth of discharge) as follows: - empty, with a SOC at most equal to 10% for Li-lon batteries; and a SOC equal to 20% for the other types of batteries; it is the ideal state to recover a maximum of energy coming from the source 2 in a very short time lapse (gross charge, fast);

- partially full (80% <SOC <90%), awaiting completion of the half-charge cycle to reach the final state (full state); Bat1 can therefore switch directly to Bat i, without waiting for the end of the half-cycle, so that the battery initially in Bat i (empty) recovers as much energy as possible from an intermittent source; the finalization of the charge of a partially full battery can be ensured by a battery at the end of the discharge phase in the absence of energy from source 2;

- full (with a SOC equal to at least 90% for Li-lon batteries; and a SOC equal to 100% for other types of batteries); it is then available to supply energy in the event of overconsumption of energy by the consuming load 5.

According to the invention, each DESE is at any time in one of the following states (or phases):

Charging phase, when 10% <SOC <90% for Li-lon, when 20% <SOC <100% for other battery types, when empty or partially full batteries are being charged by the charger 3 to recover the maximum energy quickly (in the range [10%; 80%]) and then slowly finalize the charge in order to reach a SOC of 90% for Li-lon batteries and 100% for other types of batteries;

Discharge phase, when the full batteries are being discharged by Inverter 4, until reaching a DOD of 90% for Li lon and 80% for other types of batteries, to supply the consuming load via inverter 4 and exceptionally supply Bat i or Bat 1 at the same time via charger 3, in the absence of source 2 to finalize the charging phase;

Waiting phase, when empty, full or partially full batteries are neither being charged nor being discharged.

In one embodiment, when there are at least 3 DESEs, the following additional rule is also implemented by the advanced energy storage system 10:

the operation of the advanced energy storage system 10 is controlled by the control unit 16, via the upstream 17 and downstream 18 switching blocks, so as to temporarily suspend the load phase of the DESE during load, in the case considered the DESE 11 (Bat 1), however not yet fully charged, to switch the energy coming from the source 2 to the input of a DESE (here DESE 13, Bat i) not in phase of dump ; such an arrangement can for example be triggered when the advanced energy storage system 10 (for example according to data supplied to it, or an analysis carried out by the weather forecasting device 10) compares the energy production to come in a next period T and the state of charge of the DESE 11 and determines that this production of energy to come in this next period is much greater than what the DESE 11 then being charged will not be able to store in the same time: for example if the DESE 11 is in a floating type charging phase (this state can last several hours) while during these same hours, strong sunshine or a lot of wind is expected.

Then subsequently, the advanced storage system 10 triggers the end of the suspension of the load of the DESE 11 and controls the continuation of its load, either from the energy then produced by the source 2, or from the DESE then in discharge phase, ie in the case of FIG. 1, of DESE 12 (Bat 2).

In one embodiment, while a DESE is in the charge phase or in the load suspension phase, here the DESE 11 (Bat 1), the advanced storage system 10 monitors the charge time elapsed since the start of the cycle. charge, including suspension time and commands a charge of this DESE by another DESE in the process of discharging, here the DESE 12, when this elapsed charge time exceeds a given threshold. This is particularly the case when the source is unable to produce energy.

Figure 2 illustrates steps of a method in one embodiment of the invention.

In a step 100, under the control of the advanced storage system according to the invention, the DESE 31 (similar to DESE 11 in FIG. 1) being initially completely unloaded and DESE 32 (similar to DESE 12 in FIG. 1) initially fully charged, the energy produced by the source is then given at the input of a DESE 31, the DESE 32 discharges itself into the consuming load, while the DESE 33 (similar to the DESE 13 in figure 1), is pending, empty or full. There is no paralleling of the load (nor of the discharge) between the DESEs.

Then in a step 101, the DESE 31 having reached its maximum state of charge and the DESE 32 having reached its minimum state of charge, the energy coming from the source is then supplied this time to the DESE 32, while the DESE 31 now discharges to the consuming load. It will be noted that during this step, under the control of the advanced storage system according to the invention, if the time since the start of the charging of the DESE 32 exceeds a given threshold, then the energy of the DESE 31 is discharged towards DESE 32 to finalize the charge of the latter up to its maximum state of charge; this, in parallel with the discharge of 32 in the consuming load or instead. It is the inverter 4 which ensures the supply (low current), via the charger module 3, of the DESE whose load has been suspended either voluntarily to promote optimal energy recovery (gross load), or because of the intermittence of source 2, to finalize the charge and therefore respect the half-charge cycle before switching.

Then once the DESE 32 is fully charged and the DESE 31 is fully unloaded:

- if the DESE 33 is fully charged, in a step 102, the advanced storage system then triggers the supply of the consuming load by the DESE 33 and the supply of energy from the source to the DESE 31;

- whereas if the DESE 33 is completely discharged, in an alternative step 103, the advanced storage system then triggers the supply of the consuming load by the DESE 32 and the supply of energy from the source to the DESE 33.

While in steps 100 and 101 it was DESE 33 which was on standby, in an empty or full state, in step 102, alternately 103, it is DESE 32 (in a fully charged state), alternatively 31 (in a fully discharged state), which is on standby.

In FIG. 2, the DESE shown in bold lines are those fully charged at the start of the step considered and which are discharged during the step, those shown in dotted lines are those discharged at the start of the step and which are discharged during the step. charge during the step and those shown in dot filling are those on standby, ie neither charging nor discharging and which are also either empty or full.

It can thus be seen that each DESE plays the role of Bat 1, Bat 2, Bat i as explained with reference to FIG. 1, Bat 1 being used for the load from the source, Bat 2 to discharge to the consuming load and Bat i used for surplus production or consumption.

The present invention thus offers a solution making it possible to decorrelate the current production of energy from the current consumption of energy. The exploitation of DESE alternately and independently has the effect of promoting and improving the maximum energy recovery, supplying the load with just the necessary energy.

The present invention thus allows a recovery of 90% of the energy usually lost due to the phase shift between the moment of production and that of consumption, in the presence of charged batteries; An increase in battery life by up to a factor of five and an increase in energy availability of around 100%.

It allows to maintain a battery being charged, even in the event of prolonged absence of wind or sun in particular (intermittent energies). It does not allow parallel charging or discharging of batteries at different voltages. Each DESE is cycled or unloaded on its own and independently of the others to maximize recovery from sources (engine, generator, solar, wind, power grid) and the supply of energy to consuming loads. So there is no association of DESEs (31 and 32 or 31 and 33 or 32 and 33, or even the 3 DESEs) when charging or discharging. It optimizes the charge and the discharge in a decorrelated way, respecting the half-cycles of charge and discharge. The autonomy of the platform is increased as well as its continuity of service and the lifespan of the DESEs. The solution avoids the phenomenon of sulphation, deep discharges and prolonged overloads by managing sources 2 and more precisely several elementary energy production devices (DEPE) present (engine and / or generator and / or solar and / or wind power) and / or electrical network) via the charger module 3 and the consuming loads (air conditioning, main consumption, lighting, power outlet, etc.) via the inverter 4 based on the data from the sensors and the analysis of production and consumption histories (Predictive Management)

In the embodiment described above with reference to Figure 1, the advanced storage system included 3 DESEs is the elementary mesh that allows to benefit from all the advances offered by this innovation. However, in the case of comparative studies with the current uses of DESEs, the invention can be implemented with only DESE 11 and 12 (i.e. without DESE 13) in accordance with the operating rules indicated concerning them. This is the test configuration (2n + i with n = 1 and i = 0)

In the embodiment described above, the DESEs include a battery.

In one embodiment, a DESE comprises one or more batteries in series or in parallel for voltage or current adaptation as a function of consumption loads and production sources. The present invention applies to above (upper management layer) of BMS (Batteries Management System) and DESEs constitutions (number of cells, serial or parallel wiring) and individually and successively manages elementary blocks (DESE). It allows, more particularly, an intelligent integration of the super capacitors (super capacitors), flywheel and hydrogen as DESE in the device in place of the Bat i, respectively to bring the power (impulse energy) and prolong the battery autonomy (Bat1 and Bat 2) (Permanent energy). It also makes it possible to optimize energy production by integrating several sources and above all by allowing each of the sources to operate at full speed and at full effective load (without ballasts, discharge resistance). In order to make the production of hydrogen efficient and sustainable, the present invention makes it possible to use the 70% of the energy lost by the Joule effect during the operation most of the time of thermal engines (generators, vehicles, airplanes, etc. train, ...) under load and / or fictitious load, in transient regime with yields of the order of 30%, in order to produce hydrogen, store it and then use it under the conditions of 'extreme necessity to recharge the batteries and extend the autonomy of the system.

In one embodiment, the DESEs include several batteries. Each DESE comprises batteries connected in series and / or in parallel and is controlled independently of the other DESEs, both in the charging and discharging phases. For example, a 300 Ah device composed of 3 batteries of 100 Ah in series will be transformed into 3 DESEs Bat 1, Bat 2 and Bat i, with a unit capacity of 100 Ah capable of supplying alone the associated consuming load for 1 / 3 (33%) of the time.

The advanced storage system 10 as represented in FIG. 1 comprises an elementary cell in accordance with the solution of the invention, of type 2n + i (equal to the number of DESEs), with n = 1 (number of pairs (Bat 1, Bat 2) and i = 1 (number of Bat i).

Other embodiments of the invention can be implemented, for example those shown in Figures 3 and 4 corresponding to collaborative platforms, networking the surplus energy.

FIG. 3 represents an energy production and consumption platform comprising an advanced storage system 110. This platform comprises a source 2 ^ and two consuming loads 5i and 5 ₂ , a charger module 3i, similar to the charger module 3, which is disposed between the source 2 ^ and the system advanced storage 110, an inverter 4i disposed before 5i consumer load and an inverter 4 ₂ arranged in front of the consumer load 5³. The advanced storage system 110 comprising a first pair of DESE 111 (Bat 1) and 12i (Bat 2) whose role is similar to the Bat 1, Bat 2 shown in figure 1 and a second pair of DESE 11 ₂ (Bat 1) and 12 ₂ (Bat 2) whose role is similar to Bat 1, Bat 2 shown in figure 1

The source 2 ^ is similar to the source 2 of figure 1. Each of the two consuming loads 5i and 5 ₂ is similar to the load 5 of figure 1.

This configuration is of type 2n + i, with n = 1 and i = 2 or n = 2 and i = 0.

Cell 40 ₂ comprising DESE 11 ₂ (Bat 1) and 12 ₂ (Bat 2) plays, for cell 401 comprising DESE 111 (Bat 1) and 12i (Bat 2), the role of DESE type Bat i, ie it is used to supply in the event of over-consumption and to store in the event of excess production. And similarly, cell 401 comprising DESE 111 (Bat 1) and 12i (Bat 2) plays the role of Bat i for cell 40 ₂ comprising DESE 11 ₂ (Bat 1) and 12 ₂ (Bat 2). Depending on the load 5 ₂ , the DESEs of cell 40 ₂ may be different from those of cell 401

The advanced storage system 110 is adapted using in particular its routing sub-blocks 170i, 1711, 180'i, 1811, 171 ₂ , 180 ₂ , 181 ₂ , to direct the energy coming from the source 2 ^ to cells 401 and 40 ₂ to charge them and to direct the energy discharging from cells 401 and 40 ₂ to the respective consuming charges 5i and 5 ₂ and especially from cell 401 to 40 ₂ vice versa via the sub- switch blocks 180'i, 1811

This configuration makes it possible to implement the principles of the invention while using only 4 DESEs instead of 6.

FIG. 4 represents an energy production and consumption platform comprising an advanced storage system 110 '. This platform comprises two sub-platforms: the first sub-platform comprises a source 2'i and 2 ' ₂ and a consuming load 5'i, a charger module 3'i, similar to the charger module 3, which is arranged between the source 2'i and a unit module 40'i comprising a pair of DESE 11 'i (Bat 1) and 12'i (Bat 2) whose role is similar to the Bat 1, Bat 2 shown in FIG. 1, and an inverter 4'i disposed before the consuming load 5'i; the second sub-platform comprises a source 2 ′ ₂ and a consuming load 5 ′ ₂ , a charger module 3 ′ ₂ , similar to the charger module 3, which is arranged between the source 2 ′ ₂ and a unit module 40 ′ ₂ comprising a pair of DESE 11 ′ ₂ (Bat 1) and 12 ′ ₂ (Bat 2) whose role is similar to the Bat 1, Bat 2 shown in figure 1, and an inverter 4 ′ ₂ placed before the consuming load 5 ′ ₂ . Each of the sources 2'i and 2 ' ₂ is similar to the source 2 of Figure 1. Each of the two consuming loads 5'i and 5' ₂ is similar to the load 5 of Figure 1.

This configuration is of type 2n + i, with n = 2 and i = 1. In this configuration, the third DESE, the battery Bat i 13 ', used to store and share the surplus energy supplied by the sources, is shared. between the two sub-platforms.

The advanced storage system 110 'is adapted using its turnout sub-blocks 170'i, 171' i, 180'i, 181 'i, 190, 191, to direct energy from the source 2'i to one of the DESE 11 'i (Bat 1), 12'i (Bat 2) and 13' (Bat i) to charge it and to direct the energy discharging from another of these DESEs to the consuming load 5'i, in the same manner as described with reference to FIG. 1 for the advanced storage system 10.

Similarly, the advanced storage system 110 ′ is adapted using its switch sub-blocks 170 ′ ₂ , 171 ′ ₂ , 180 ′ ₂ , 181 ′ ₂ , 190, 191, to direct energy from the source 2 ' ₂ towards one of the DESE 11' ₂ (Bat 1), 12 ' ₂ (Bat 2) and 13' (Bat i) to charge it and to direct the energy discharging from another of these DESE to the consuming load 5 ' ₂ , in the same manner as described with reference to Figure 1 for the advanced storage system 10.

Claims

1. A method of controlling an energy storage system (10) comprising at least two elementary energy storage devices (11, 12) intended to be placed between at least one energy source (2) and the at least one energy consuming load (5), said method being characterized in that it comprises the following steps: the energy storage system is controlled so as to use at each instant separate elementary energy storage devices for, on the one hand, the charge from the source and for, on the other hand, the discharge in the direction of the consuming charge; the energy storage system is controlled so as to trigger a discharge of any of the elementary devices only if the current charge of said elementary device is raised to a maximum state of charge; the energy storage system is controlled so as to trigger a charge of any of the elementary devices only if the current charge of said elementary device has dropped to a minimum state of charge.

2. A method of controlling an energy storage system (10) according to claim 1, according to which each of the two elementary storage devices (11, 12) is dimensioned beforehand as a function of the consuming load so as to supply power alone. the consuming load during its discharge phase up to its minimum charge threshold.

3. A method of controlling an energy storage system (10) according to claim 1 or 2, according to which the energy storage system comprises at least three elementary devices (11, 12, 13), and the system. storage device is controlled so as to temporarily suspend the charge of that of the elementary devices then being charged and not having reached the maximum charge threshold and to trigger instead the charge of the third elementary device, the system energy storage being controlled to subsequently re-trigger the interrupted charge of the elementary device either from the source or from one of said other elementary devices.

4. A method of controlling an energy storage system (10) according to claim 3, wherein said suspension is controlled according to a forecast of energy production by the source (2) and a state. load from that of the elementary devices being charged.

5. A method of controlling an energy storage system (10) according to claim 3 or 4, according to which the energy storage system is controlled so as to re-trigger the temporarily suspended load of an elementary device. by the energy of one of the other food devices as a function of a charging time that has elapsed since the start of said charging.

6. Control device (16) of an energy storage system (10), said energy storage system comprising at least two elementary energy storage devices (11, 12) intended to be placed between the at least one energy source (2) and at least one energy consuming load (5), said control device being adapted to command the energy storage system to use elementary energy storage devices at all times. separate energy for, on the one hand, the load from the source and, on the other hand, the discharge in the direction of the consuming load; said control device being adapted to command the energy storage system not to trigger a discharge of any of the elementary devices unless the current load of said elementary device is raised to a maximum state of charge; said control device being adapted to command the energy storage system not to trigger a charge of any of the elementary devices unless the current load of said elementary device has dropped to a minimum state of charge.

7. Control device (16) of an energy storage system (10) according to claim 6, for an energy storage system comprising at least three elementary devices (11, 12, 13), said control device. control being adapted to command the energy storage system to temporarily suspend the charge of that of the elementary devices then being charged and not having reached the maximum charge threshold and to trigger instead the charging of the third elementary device , to command the energy storage system subsequently to re-trigger the interrupted charging of the elementary device either from the source or from one of said other elementary devices.

8. A control device (16) of an energy storage system (10) according to claim 7, adapted to control said suspension as a function of a forecast of energy production by the source (2) and of a state of charge of that of the elementary devices being charged.

9. Control device (16) of an energy storage system (10) according to claim 7 or 8, adapted to command the energy storage system to re-trigger the temporarily suspended load of an elementary device. by the energy of one of the other food devices as a function of a charging time that has elapsed since the start of said charging.

10. Energy storage system (10) comprising at least two elementary energy storage devices (11, 12) intended to be placed between at least one energy source (2) and at least one load consuming energy. energy (5), said energy storage system comprising a control device according to any one of claims 6 to 9.