EP4143152A1 - Procede de fabrication d'estolides ester et composition d'estolides ester - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication d'estolides ester et composition d'estolides esterInfo
- Publication number
- EP4143152A1 EP4143152A1 EP21721526.8A EP21721526A EP4143152A1 EP 4143152 A1 EP4143152 A1 EP 4143152A1 EP 21721526 A EP21721526 A EP 21721526A EP 4143152 A1 EP4143152 A1 EP 4143152A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- carbon atoms
- composition
- acid
- ester
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- -1 Ester estolide Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
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- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003974 emollient agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 111
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- 150000002149 estolides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 79
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 70
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 69
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 62
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 235000020944 retinol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011607 retinol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003873 salicylate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940057910 shea butter Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940102541 sodium trideceth sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KLYDBHUQNXKACI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-[2-(2-tridecoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOCCOCCOS([O-])(=O)=O KLYDBHUQNXKACI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020354 squash Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940012831 stearyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(II) chloride (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sn+2] AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000010384 tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001295 tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LADGBHLMCUINGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricaprin Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC LADGBHLMCUINGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019160 vitamin B3 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011708 vitamin B3 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009492 vitamin B5 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011675 vitamin B5 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
- A61K8/375—Esters of carboxylic acids the alcohol moiety containing more than one hydroxy group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/08—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/66—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety
- C07C69/73—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of unsaturated acids
- C07C69/732—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of unsaturated acids of unsaturated hydroxy carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/40—Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/42—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/86—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
- C10M129/95—Esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/10—General cosmetic use
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/003—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/288—Partial esters containing free carboxyl groups
- C10M2207/2885—Partial esters containing free carboxyl groups used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/30—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
- C10M2207/301—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids used as base material
Definitions
- TITLE PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ESTER ESTOLIDES AND COMPOSITION
- the invention relates to a process for preparing an esterolide composition having improved selectivity to ester monoestolides and good conversion rate.
- the invention also relates to an ester-estolide composition obtainable by the process of the invention and its use as a base oil in a lubricating composition.
- the ester-estolide composition according to the invention can also be used in cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions.
- Lubricating compositions also called lubricants, are widely used to reduce friction between the surfaces of moving parts and thereby reduce wear and prevent damage to the surface of these parts.
- Lubricants typically include a base oil and one or more functional additives.
- the lubricating composition When the lubricating composition is subjected to high stresses (i.e. high pressures) during its use, the lubricating compositions in which the base oil consists of hydrocarbons tend to degrade and the parts are then damaged.
- high stresses i.e. high pressures
- Lubricant manufacturers must constantly improve their formulations to meet increased demands for fuel economy while keeping engines clean and reducing emissions. These requirements force manufacturers to look at their formulation capabilities and / or research new base oils that can meet the performance requirements.
- lubricants such as engine oils, transmission fluids, gear oils, industrial lubricating oils, metalworking oils, etc.
- a lubricating grade petroleum oil from a refinery, or an appropriate polymerized petrochemical fluid.
- additives are mixed with it to improve properties and performance, such as increased lubricity, anti-wear and anti-corrosion properties, and the lubricant's resistance to heat and / or water. 'oxidation.
- various additives such as antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, dispersing agents, antifoaming agents, metal deactivators and other additives which can be used in lubricant formulations can be added in conventional effective amounts.
- oils of vegetable or animal origin have therefore proved to be interesting sources of base oils.
- these oils of vegetable or animal origin can be converted into an acid or an ester by conventional methods.
- esters are referred to as Group V base oils. Synthetic esters can be used both as a base oil and as an additive in lubricants. Compared with cheaper, but less environmentally safe mineral oils, synthetic esters were mainly used as base oils in cases where the viscosity / temperature behavior had to meet strict requirements. The increasingly important questions of environmental acceptance and biodegradability are at the origin of the desire to find alternatives to mineral oil as a raw material in lubrication applications.
- the emollients currently used in cosmetics are either isoparaffins obtained from petrochemicals (mainly isododecane and isohexadecane), white oils, silicone oils or oils based on esters (synthetic or natural). Isoparaffins, white oils and silicone oils are widely distributed because they are very stable and odorless but do not come from renewable resources. Although volatile silicones such as cyclomethicone have long been regarded as harmless skin emollients and solvents (International Journal of Toxicology, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 9-19, 1991), concerns have been expressed these last years concerning their potential deleterious effects on the environment, even on human health (in particular as regards G octa m éthy I cycl otétras i I oxa ne).
- oils of vegetable or animal origin have therefore proven to be interesting sources of base or emollient oils.
- these oils of vegetable or animal origin can be converted into an acid or an ester by conventional methods. These acids can then be converted into unsaturated alcohols, for example from triglyceride oil, by one or more stages of hydrogenation of fatty acids or methyl esters.
- Estolides are biodegradable base oils of biological origin that can be used in lubricants.
- Document US 2015/0094246 describes estolid compositions intended for use in lubricating compositions. This document describes a preparation process in which fatty acids of the oleic acid type are reacted in the presence of a catalyst, this reaction step being followed by a centrifugal distillation step of the Myers 15 type, at 200 or at. 300 ° C under an absolute pressure of 12 microns (0.012 torr) in order to remove the monoestolides.
- estolides from a composition of unsaturated fatty acids comprising 90% oleic acid and butyric or acetic acid. This document discloses a stage of separation by vacuum distillation of the monoestolides from the polyestolides.
- the reaction intended to form the estolides is an addition reaction of the acid function on a carbon-carbon double bond.
- transesterification reactions can occur.
- the reaction between the unsaturated acid or its ester with the unsaturated fatty acid can also lead to polyestolides.
- the Applicant has surprisingly found that it is possible to obtain a composition of estolides with high selectivity towards monoestolides, and this with satisfactory conversion.
- the invention relates to a process for preparing an ester-estolide composition C5, said process comprising: a) providing a composition C1 comprising at least one hydroxycarboxylic acid comprising from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, b) Followed by: b1) the introduction of a composition C2 comprising at least one saturated acid comprising from 2 to 18 carbon atoms on the composition C1, in order to obtain a composition C3 of acid estolides, the hydroxycarboxylic acid / molar ratio saturated fatty acid being at least 1/2, then the introduction of a composition C4 comprising at least one saturated alcohol comprising from 1 to 16 carbon atoms on the composition C3, or b2) the introduction of a composition C4 comprising at least one saturated alcohol comprising from 1 to 16 carbon atoms on composition C1, in order to obtain a composition C6 of esters of hydroxycarboxylic acid, then the introduction of a composition C2 comprising at least one saturated acid comprising from 2 to 18 carbon atoms on the composition C6, the
- the hydroxycarboxylic acid / saturated fatty acid molar ratio ranges from 1/2 to 1/8, preferably from 1/2 to 1/6 when the process is implemented according to route b1 ) and the hydroxycarboxylic acid ester / saturated fatty acid molar ratio ranges from 1 / 1.4 to 1/6, preferably from 1/1, 4 to 1/4 when the process is carried out according to route b2) .
- the hydroxycarboxylic acid corresponds to the formula (1)
- the saturated fatty acid corresponds to the formula (2)
- the saturated alcohol corresponds to the formula (4):
- R 1 represents a linear or branched alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 27 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably from 5 to 12 carbon atoms,
- R 2 represents a divalent linear or branched alkylene radical comprising from 1 to 27 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, it being understood that the total number of atoms of carbon of R1 and R2 ranges from 8 to 28, preferably from 6 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably from 10 to 20 carbon atoms,
- R 3 represents a monovalent alkyl radical, linear or branched, comprising from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, advantageously from 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 4 represents a monovalent alkyl radical, linear or branched, comprising from 1 to 17 carbon atoms, preferably a linear or branched alkyl comprising from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, advantageously a linear alkyl comprising from 4 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the C5 ester estolide composition comprises monoestolides of formula (7):
- the catalyst for the fatty acid addition reaction is used in a proportion ranging from 0.01 to 0.1% by weight, preferably from 0.02 to 0.08% by weight, relative to the total weight of the reaction medium.
- the process comprises: b1) reacting said saturated acid with the hydroxyl function of said hydroxycarboxylic acid at a temperature ranging from 120 to 280 ° C, in order to obtain acid estolides, then the reaction of said alcohol saturated with the acid function of the acid estolides at a temperature ranging from 120 to 280 ° C, in order to obtain a composition C5 of ester estolides, or b2) the reaction of said saturated alcohol with the acid function of the esters of the hydroxycarboxylic acid at a temperature ranging from 120 to 280 ° C, in order to obtain esters of hydroxycarboxylic acid and of alcohol, then the reaction of said saturated acid on the hydroxyl function of the esters of hydroxycarboxylic acid and of l alcohol at a temperature ranging from 120 to 280 ° C, in order to obtain a C5 estolide ester composition.
- the method is implemented according to route b1).
- the present invention also relates to an ester-estolide composition capable of being obtained by the process according to the invention, comprising, relative to the total weight of the estolides: more than 50% to 99.9% by weight of monoestolid (s) ester corresponding to the formula
- ester polyester (s) corresponding to the formula
- R 1 represents a linear or branched alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 27 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably from 5 to 12 carbon atoms,
- R 2 represents a divalent linear or branched alkylene radical comprising from 1 to 27 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, it being understood that the total number of atoms of carbon of R1 and R2 ranges from 8 to 28, preferably from 6 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably from 10 to 20 carbon atoms,
- R 3 represents a monovalent alkyl radical, linear or branched, comprising from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, advantageously from 1 to 10 carbon atoms,
- R 4 represents a monovalent alkyl radical, linear or branched, comprising from 1 to 17 carbon atoms, preferably a linear or branched alkyl comprising from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, advantageously a linear alkyl comprising from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and m is a number other than zero, typically ranging from 1 to 4.
- the invention also relates to the use of the estolide ester composition according to the invention, as a base oil in a lubricating composition or as an emollient in a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition.
- the invention relates to a lubricating composition
- a lubricating composition comprising the composition of estolides ester according to the invention and at least one base oil different from estolides ester and / or at least one additive different from estolides ester.
- the process of the invention makes it possible to obtain a good selectivity towards the formation of monoestolides. Besides the good selectivity towards monoestolides, the process according to the invention will make it possible to obtain polyestolides with a low number of addition reactions. In other words, at least 50% by weight, or even at least 70% by weight, or even at least 90% by weight of the polyestolides which will be obtained in the process of the invention will be polyestolides where EN (estolides index or " estolide number ”is equal to 2, it being understood that, within the meaning of the present invention, EN is equal to 1 for monoestolides and EN is strictly greater than 1 for polyestolides.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to dispense with a step of separating monoestolides from polyestolides, a step which can sometimes be difficult to implement.
- the invention relates to a process for preparing an ester-estolide composition C5, said process comprising: a) providing a composition C1 comprising at least one hydroxycarboxylic acid comprising from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, b) Followed by: b1) the introduction of a composition C2 comprising at least one saturated acid comprising from 2 to 18 carbon atoms on the composition C1, in order to obtain a composition C3 of acid estolides, the hydroxycarboxylic acid / molar ratio saturated fatty acid being at least 1/2, then the introduction of a composition C4 comprising at least one saturated alcohol comprising from 1 to 16 carbon atoms on the composition C3, or b2) the introduction of a composition C4 comprising at least one saturated alcohol comprising from 1 to 16 carbon atoms on composition C1, in order to obtain a composition C6 of esters of hydroxycarboxylic acid, then the introduction of a composition C2 comprising at least one acid saturated with 2 to 18 atoms s of carbon on composition C6, the
- the process according to the invention typically comprises: the reaction of the acid function of at least one saturated acid comprising from 2 to 18 carbon atoms with the hydroxyl function of at least one hydroxycarboxylic acid comprising from 10 to 30 carbon atoms carbon or of the ester of said hydroxycarboxylic acid, and the reaction of the alcohol function of at least one saturated alcohol comprising from 1 to 16 carbon atoms with the acid function of at least one hydroxycarboxylic acid or of the acid estolide obtained of said hydroxycarboxylic acid, it being understood that the reaction of saturated fatty acid can be carried out before (embodiment according to b1) or after the reaction of saturated alcohol with hydroxycarboxylic acid (embodiment according to b2).
- an “estolid” denotes the product resulting from the reaction of adding a carboxylic acid function of a saturated fatty acid to the hydroxyl function of a hydroxycarboxylic acid.
- the term “estolid” in the present invention will refer to both a “monoestolid” and a “polyestolid”.
- a "monoestolid” denotes an estolid resulting from a single addition reaction between a hydroxyl function of a hydroxycarboxylic acid with an acid function of a saturated fatty acid.
- the monoestolid can be in acid form or in ester form.
- the monoestolid in acid form is then esterified in order to obtain a monoestolid ester within the scope of the present invention.
- a “polyestolid” denotes the product resulting from the reaction between at least two hydroxycarboxylic acid compounds optionally followed by the reaction with a saturated fatty acid.
- the polyestolid can be in acid form or in ester form depending on the acid or ester form of the unsaturated compound.
- the polyestolid in acid form is then esterified in order to obtain an ester polyester within the scope of the present invention.
- the process of the invention does not include a vacuum distillation step making it possible to separate the monoestolides produced from the polyestolides produced.
- the process of the invention does not include Myers-type vacuum distillation to separate the monoestolides from the polyestolides.
- the process of the invention has a high selectivity in favor of monoestolides, so that it makes it possible to dispense with such a distillation step.
- the process of the invention may comprise one or more operations making it possible to separate the saturated acid and / or the saturated alcohol and / or the hydroxycarboxylic acid, the starting reagent for the process of the invention, or the intermediate hydroxycarboxylic acid monoester, of the C5 ester estolide composition obtained at the end of the process.
- These operations can be stages of evaporation by entrainment (“stripping” in English) or distillation operations, it being understood that these distillation operations are distinguished from the distillation stages separating the monoestolides from the polyestolides.
- the process according to the invention can also comprise one or more washing operations to separate the homogeneous catalyst from the product resulting from the process of the invention or one or more filtration steps to separate the heterogeneous catalyst from the product resulting from the process of the invention. .
- the method of the invention uses at least one hydroxycarboxylic acid as a reagent for the reaction with saturated fatty acid or with saturated alcohol.
- the hydroxycarboxylic acid comprises at least one carboxylic acid function (-COOH) and at least one hydroxyl function (-OH).
- the hydroxycarboxylic acid comprises a single carboxylic acid function and a single hydroxyl function. More preferably, the hydroxycarboxylic acid is a saturated acid which typically does not include a function other than the carboxylic acid function and the hydroxyl function.
- the hydroxycarboxylic acid comprises a linear or branched, preferably linear, alkyl chain.
- the hydroxycarboxylic acid used in the invention contains from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 12 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably from 14 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the hydroxycarboxylic acid used in the invention comprises at least one hydroxyl function carried by a secondary carbon atom (said compound of secondary alcohol type).
- the hydroxycarboxylic acid used in the invention comprises at least one carboxylic acid function carried by a secondary carbon atom.
- the hydroxycarboxylic acid corresponds to formula (1):
- R 1 represents a linear or branched alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 27 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably from 5 to 12 carbon atoms,
- R 2 represents a divalent linear or branched alkylene radical comprising from 1 to 27 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, it being understood that the total number of atoms of carbon of R 1 and R 2 ranges from 8 to 28, preferably 6 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 10 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 1 represents a linear alkyl radical comprising from 3 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably from 5 to 12 carbon atoms,
- R 2 represents a divalent linear alkylene radical comprising from 4 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, it being understood that the total number of carbon atoms of R 1 and R 2 ranges from 6 to 24 atoms carbon, preferably 10 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the hydroxycarboxylic acid used in the invention is 12-hydroxystearic acid.
- composition C1 used in the invention comprises at least 50% by weight of hydroxycarboxylic acid (s), preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 75% by weight, or even at least 80% by weight of hydroxycarboxylic acid (s), relative to the total weight of composition C1.
- composition C1 used in the invention comprises at least 50% by weight of hydroxycarboxylic acid (s), preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 90% by weight, or even at least 95% by weight of 12-hydroxystearic acid, relative to the total weight of composition C1.
- hydroxycarboxylic acid preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 90% by weight, or even at least 95% by weight of 12-hydroxystearic acid, relative to the total weight of composition C1.
- Composition C1 may be commercially available.
- the method of the invention uses at least one saturated acid comprising from 2 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably a saturated fatty acid comprising from 5 to 18 carbon atoms, as a reagent in order to react with the alcohol function:
- the saturated acid is a saturated monoacid.
- the saturated acid corresponds to formula (2):
- R 4 represents a monovalent alkyl radical, linear or branched, comprising from 1 to 17 carbon atoms, preferably a linear or branched alkyl comprising from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, advantageously a linear alkyl comprising from 5 to 12 carbon atoms carbon.
- the saturated acid can be a linear or branched acid, preferably linear.
- the saturated acid is a saturated fatty acid and has 5 to 12 carbon atoms. This chain length further optimizes the cold properties of the estolid composition resulting from the process.
- the saturated fatty acid used in the invention is chosen from pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, l undecanoic acid, lauric acid and their mixture.
- the method according to the invention can implement a single saturated fatty acid or a mixture of several saturated fatty acids.
- the method according to the invention uses a single saturated fatty acid.
- Composition C2 typically comprises at least 70% by weight of saturated fatty acid (s), preferably at least 90% by weight, more preferably at least 95% by weight, or even at least 98% by weight of saturated fatty acid (s), relative to the total weight of composition C2.
- composition C2 used in the invention comprises at least 70% by weight of the same saturated fatty acid, preferably at least 90% by weight, more preferably at least 95% by weight, or even at least 98% by weight of the same saturated fatty acid, relative to the total weight of composition C2.
- Composition C2 may be commercially available and may be of natural or synthetic origin, preferably of natural origin.
- the reaction uses a molar excess of saturated fatty acid for carrying out the reaction of the hydroxyl function of hydroxycarboxylic acid and of the acid function of saturated fatty acid.
- the hydroxycarboxylic acid / saturated fatty acid molar ratio ranges from 1 / 1.5 to 1/6, preferably from 1/2 to 1/4.
- the acid estolid will have the formula (3):
- the method of the invention uses at least one saturated alcohol comprising from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, as a reagent in order to react with the acid function:
- the alcohol corresponds to formula (4):
- the alcohol is a primary or secondary alcohol comprising from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, advantageously from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the saturated alcohol used in the invention is chosen from methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, 3-methylbutanol, hexanol, 1- octanol, 2-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, 2-mehylhexanol, 1-decanol, 2-methylbutanol, 1-nonanol, 1-heptanol, and a mixture thereof.
- the process according to the invention can implement a single saturated alcohol or a mixture of several saturated alcohols.
- the process according to the invention uses a single saturated alcohol.
- Composition C4 typically comprises at least 70% by weight of saturated alcohol (s), preferably at least 90% by weight, more preferably at least 95% by weight, or even at least 98% by weight of saturated alcohol (s), relative to the total weight of composition C4.
- the composition C4 used in the invention comprises at least 70% by weight of the same saturated alcohol, preferably at least 90% by weight, more preferably at least 95% by weight, or even at least 98 % by weight of the same saturated alcohol, relative to the total weight of composition C4.
- Composition C4 may be commercially available and may be of natural or synthetic origin, preferably of natural origin.
- the hydroxycarboxylic acid / saturated alcohol molar ratio ranges from 1/6 to 1/1, preferably from 1/2 to 1 / 1.1.
- the ester of the hydroxycarboxylic acid will have the formula (6):
- the process of the invention involves two chemical reactions: reaction of saturated alcohol, and reaction of saturated acid.
- the two chemical reactions implemented in the process of the invention are typically carried out in the presence of a catalyst.
- the catalyst can be the same or different for each of the two reactions.
- the catalyst will preferably be identical for the two reactions.
- the catalyst can be chosen from catalysts based on Lewis acid, for example based on tin, titanate or of the boron trifluoride type.
- the catalyst can be paratoluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA), methanesulfonic acid (AMS), sulfuric acid, boron trifluoride etherate (BFs.EtO), tetrachloride 'tin (FASCAT 4400), tin dichloride (FASCAT 2004), dibutyl tin dichloride (FASCAT 4210), monobutyl tin oxide (FASCAT 4100, TIB KAT 256), dibutyl tin oxide (FASCAT 4201, Tl B KAT 248), dioctyl tin oxide (FASCAT 8201, TIB KAT 232), tris (monobutyl tin 2-ethylhexanoate (FASCAT 4102) tin oxalate (FASCAT 2001, TIB KAT 160), dibutyl tin diacetate (FASCAT 4200, TIB KAT 233), dioctyl
- step b) of the process of the invention comprises: b1) the reaction of at least one saturated acid with the hydroxyl function of the hydroxycarboxylic acid at a temperature ranging from 120 to 280 ° C, in order to obtain acid estolides, then the reaction of the saturated alcohol with the acid function of the acid estolides at a temperature ranging from 120 to 280 ° C, in order to obtain a composition C5 of estolides ester, or b2) the reaction of saturated alcohol on the acid function of esters of hydroxycarboxylic acid at a temperature ranging from 120 to 280 ° C, in order to obtain esters of hydroxycarboxylic acid and of alcohol, then the reaction of at least one acid saturated on the hydroxyl function of the esters of hydroxycarboxylic acid and of alcohol at a temperature ranging from 120 to 280 ° C., in order to obtain a composition C5 of estolides ester.
- step b) is implemented according to route b1). Indeed, the inventors have discovered that route b1) made it possible to reduce the transesterification reactions and to obtain a lower acid number for the C5 composition of estolides ester.
- the process of the invention makes it possible in particular to obtain, at the end of the two reactions, an esterolide ester composition comprising mainly ester monoestolides, in particular, the esterolid ester composition obtained at the end of the process of the
- the invention typically comprises at least 50% by weight, advantageously at least 60% by weight of ester monoestolides, relative to the total weight of the composition resulting from the process.
- the process according to the invention does not will not lead to a mixture of positional isomers depending on the position of the addition of the saturated fatty acid on the carbon-carbon double bond of the unsaturated compound.
- the saturated fatty acid can react with one or the other of the carbon atoms of the carbon-carbon double bond of the unsaturated compound, which then leads to two positional isomers monoestolides.
- part of the unsaturated compounds can be isomerized, so that the carbon-carbon double bond can change position for part of the unsaturated compounds.
- the saturated fatty acid can react with one or the other of the carbon atoms of the carbon-carbon double bond of the unsaturated compound, which then leads to two isomers.
- this double bond can migrate along the alkyl chain, leading to a large number of isomers differentiating by the position of the functionalization and to the possible formation of lactones.
- the process according to the invention results in an estolide composition free from positional isomers, insofar as the addition reaction of the saturated fatty acid is carried out selectively. only in the position fixed by the hydroxyl function of the hydroxycarboxylic acid.
- ester monoestolides which can be obtained at the end of the process can be represented by formula (7): in which :
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 have the same definition as in formulas (1), (2) and (3),
- the process according to the invention does not include a subsequent step of hydrogenation of the estolide composition obtained at the end of the process.
- composition resulting from the process it is appropriate to consider the reactants, the products, as well as the by-products of the reaction.
- the catalyst is not taken into consideration when designating the composition resulting from the process. Thus, it will generally be necessary to separate the catalyst from the reaction medium to obtain the estolide composition resulting from the process.
- the process can be implemented continuously or semi-continuously or in batch.
- the method of the invention uses a batch addition of hydroxycarboxylic acid and saturated fatty acid (simultaneous addition of all the reagents) or a fractional addition (addition of a reagent of fractional, or progressive or continuous).
- the reaction of hydroxycarboxylic acid with saturated fatty acid in the presence of the catalyst is carried out according to one or more of the following conditions: the molar ratio of hydroxycarboxylic acid to fatty acid saturated is 1/2 to 1/8, preferably 1/2 to 1/6; the catalyst for the fatty acid addition reaction is used in a proportion ranging from 0.01 to 0.1% by weight, preferably from 0.02 to 0.08% by weight, relative to the total weight of the reaction medium.
- the reaction of the hydroxycarboxylic acid ester with saturated fatty acid in the presence of the catalyst is carried out according to one or more of the following conditions: the ester molar ratio d the hydroxycarboxylic acid on saturated fatty acid ranges from 1/1, 3 to 1/6, preferably from 1/1, 4 to 1/4; the catalyst for the fatty acid addition reaction is used in a proportion ranging from 0.01 to 0.1% by weight, preferably from 0.02 to 0.08% by weight, relative to the total weight of the reaction medium.
- the progress of the reaction can be followed by gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID), according to methods known to those skilled in the art.
- GC-FID flame ionization detector
- conversion denotes the amount in percentage by weight of hydroxycarboxylic acid which has reacted and selectivity denotes the amount in percentage by weight of monoestolides formed relative to the total weight of the products formed (the calculation of the selectivity does not thus takes into account neither the reactants nor the catalyst).
- the estolide composition obtained at the end of the process can also include by-products (also called “side products”), for example polyestolides of formula (8).
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to obtain polyestolides of formula (8).
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 have the same definition as in formulas (1), (2) and (4), m is a number other than zero, typically m can range from 1 to 4.
- the process according to the invention will make it possible to obtain polyestolides with a low number of addition reactions.
- at least 50% by weight, or even at least 70% by weight, or even at least 90% by weight of the polyestolides which will optionally be obtained in the process of the invention will be polyestolides where m is 1.
- the estolides composition obtained at the end of the process advantageously has a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C ranging from 5 to 100 mm 2 / s, preferably from 10 to 50 mm 2 / s, advantageously from 15 to 40 mm 2 / s, measured according to ASTM D445.
- the estolide composition obtained at the end of the process advantageously has an acid number less than or equal to 15 mgKOH / g, preferably less than or equal to 5 mgKOH / g, even more preferably less than or equal to 3 mgKOH / g .
- the acid number can be determined according to ASTM D974.
- composition of estolides obtained at the end of the reaction for the formation of estolides typically comprises: more than 50% by weight at 99.9% by weight of monoestolide (s), and from 0.1 to less than 50% by weight of polyestolide (s), relative to the total weight of estolides, estolides including monoestolides and polyestolides.
- estolides composition may optionally comprise from 0.1 to 30% by weight of unreacted reagents or of hydroxycarboxylic acid esters optionally formed in situ, relative to the total weight of the composition. estolides.
- Transesterification reactions can occur, in particular when the process is carried out according to route b2). Indeed, when the saturated fatty acid (s) are reacted with the hydroxycarboxylic acid esters (route b2)), transesterification reactions can occur to form by-products.
- the hydroxycarboxylic acid has the formula (1)
- the saturated fatty acid has the formula (2)
- the fatty alcohol has the formula (4)
- the by-products can meet the formulas (5) and (3):
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 have the same definition as in formulas (1), (2) and (4).
- the by-product of formula (3) can be formed during the second esterification reaction, while it will be the target intermediate product according to route b1).
- the method according to the invention may optionally further comprise, after the reaction for forming the estolides, a separation step in which the unreacted reactants of saturated fatty acid, hydroxycarboxylic acid and / or hydroxycarboxylic acid ester type, are removed from the composition of estolides.
- estolides are not reactants.
- a subject of the present invention is also an estolide ester composition as such and an estolid composition obtainable by the process of the invention.
- the ester-ester composition according to the invention typically comprises: more than 50% by weight to 99.9% by weight, preferably from 55 to 99% by weight, more preferably from 60 to 98% by weight, of monoestolid (s), and from 0.1 to less than 50% by weight, preferably from 1 to 45% by weight, more preferably from 2 to 40% by weight, of polyester (s), relative to the total weight of the estolides, the estolides including monoestolides and polyestolides.
- the estolide composition according to the invention advantageously has a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C ranging from 5 to 100 mm 2 / s, preferably from 10 to 50 mm 2 / s, advantageously from 15 to 40 mm 2 / s, measured. according to ASTM D445.
- the estolide composition according to the invention advantageously exhibits an iodine number of less than or equal to 13 g / 100 g of iodine, preferably less than or equal to 10 g / 100 g of iodine, advantageously less than or equal to 8 g / 100 g of diode.
- the iodine number can be determined according to ASTM D974.
- the estolide composition according to the invention advantageously has an acid number of less than or equal to 15 mgKOH / g, preferably less than or equal to 5 mgKOH / g, even more preferably less than or equal to 3 mgKOH / g.
- the acid number can be determined according to ASTM D974.
- the esterolides ester composition comprises: from 50 to 99.8% by weight, preferably from 55 to 90% by weight, preferably further from 55 to 80% by weight, of monoestolid (s), from 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably from 5 to 25% by weight, more preferably from 10 to 25% by weight, of polyestolid (s) ), and from 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably from 1 to 25% by weight, more preferably from 5 to 25% by weight, of ester (s) chosen from acid esters hydroxycarboxylic, esters of saturated fatty acid and saturated fatty alcohol, their mixture relative to the total weight of the composition of estolides.
- the estolide composition comprises: from 55 to 99.9% by weight, preferably from 60 to 95% by weight , more preferably from 65 to 90% by weight, of monoestolides corresponding to formula (7), and from 0.1 to 45% by weight, preferably from 5 to 40% by weight, more preferably from 10 to 35 % by weight of polyestolides corresponding to formula (8), relative to the total weight of estolides.
- the estolide composition comprises: from 50 to 99.8% by weight, preferably from 55 to 90% by weight , more preferably from 55 to 80% by weight, of monoestolides corresponding to formula (7), and from 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably from 5 to 25% by weight, more preferably from 10 to 25 % by weight, of polyestolides corresponding to formula (8), preferably in which n is 1, from 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably from 1 to 25% by weight, more preferably from 5 to 25% by weight, of esters chosen from esters corresponding to formula (5) and esters corresponding to formula (3), relative to the total weight of the composition of estolides.
- the estolide composition comprises: from 55 to 99.9% by weight, preferably from 60 to 95% by weight , more preferably from 65 to 90% by weight, of monoestolides of formula (7), and from 0.1 to 45% by weight, preferably from 5 to 40% by weight, more preferably from 10 to 35% by weight. weight, of polyestolides of formula (8), relative to the total weight of estolides.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to obtain an estolid composition exhibiting a high selectivity in favor of the monoestolid.
- the estolide composition according to the invention can thus be used as a base oil in a lubricating composition.
- the estolide composition can be used in a lubricating composition, without a prior distillation step separating the monoestolides from the polyestolides, following the addition reaction defined in the process of the invention.
- the estolid composition can be used in a lubricating composition as the sole base oil, but preferably in combination with another base oil.
- another base oil it should be understood a base oil other than estolides.
- the lubricating composition comprising the estolid composition according to the invention can be used to lubricate the various parts of a vehicle, in particular the various parts of an engine or of a vehicle transmission or the various parts of an engine. marine or an industrial machine engine, for example public works.
- estolide composition obtainable can also be used as an emollient of a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition, alone or in combination with another fatty substance.
- other fatty substance it is appropriate to understand a fatty substance different from the estolides according to the invention.
- the cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition comprising the estolid composition according to the invention can be used for topical application, typically to the skin, nails, lips, hair and scalp.
- a subject of the invention is also the cosmetic or pharmaceutical use of the estolide composition according to the invention as a skin care product (serums, creams, balms, etc.) as a hygiene product, as a sun product / after -solar, as a make-up product, as a make-up removing product, as a perfumed product, as an antiperspirant product.
- a skin care product serums, creams, balms, etc.
- a hygiene product as a sun product / after -solar
- a make-up product as a make-up removing product
- perfumed product as an antiperspirant product.
- a subject of the invention is also a cosmetic or pharmaceutical process for treating the skin, nails, lips, hair or scalp, comprising at least one step of application to the skin, nails, lips, hair or scalp, of an estolide composition according to the invention.
- the invention also covers a cosmetic treatment process comprising at least one step of applying, preferably by spreading, to the skin, nails, lips, hair or scalp of the estolide composition according to l 'invention.
- the subject of the invention is also a lubricating composition
- a lubricating composition comprising the composition of estolides ester according to the invention and at least one additive and / or at least one other base oil.
- base oils can be chosen from the base oils conventionally used in the field of lubricating oils, such as mineral, synthetic or natural, animal or vegetable oils or their mixtures.
- the other base oils of the lubricating compositions according to the invention can in particular be oils of mineral or synthetic origins belonging to groups I to V according to the classes defined in the API classification (or their equivalents according to the ATIEL classification) and presented in Table 1 below or their mixtures.
- mineral base oils include all types of base oils obtained by atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil, followed by refining operations such as solvent extraction, dealphating, solvent dewaxing, hydrotreatment, hydrocracking, hydroisomerization and hydrofinishing.
- Mixtures of synthetic and mineral oils, which can be biobased, can also be used.
- the other base oils of the lubricating compositions according to the invention can also be chosen from synthetic oils, such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, polyalphaolefins (PAO), and polyalkylene glycol (PAG) obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of alkylene oxides comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- synthetic oils such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, polyalphaolefins (PAO), and polyalkylene glycol (PAG) obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of alkylene oxides comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the PAOs used as other base oils are for example obtained from monomers comprising from 4 to 32 carbon atoms, for example from octene or decene.
- the weight average molecular weight of PAO can vary quite widely. Preferably, the weight average molecular mass of the PAO is less than 600 Da.
- the weight-average molecular mass of PAO can also range from 100 to 600 Da, from 150 to 600 Da, or even from 200 to 600 Da.
- the PAO 2 and / or the PAO 4 will typically be chosen.
- the other base oil (s) of the lubricating composition according to the invention are chosen from polyalphaolefins (PAO), polyalkylene glycol (PAG) and esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols.
- PAO polyalphaolefins
- PAG polyalkylene glycol
- esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols are chosen from polyalphaolefins (PAO), polyalkylene glycol (PAG) and esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols.
- the other base oil (s) of the lubricating composition according to the invention can be chosen from the base oils of group II or III.
- the lubricating composition according to the invention comprises: from 5 to 95% by weight, preferably from 10 to 70% by weight, advantageously from 15 to 50% by weight, of the composition of estolides ester according to the invention, and from 5 to 95% by weight, preferably from 30 to 90% by weight, advantageously from 50 to 85% by weight, of one or more other base oils, relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition according to the invention.
- the additive (s) of the lubricating composition are chosen from friction modifiers, detergents, antiwear additives, extreme pressure additives, dispersants, antioxidants, pour point depressants, anti-foam agents, metal passivators, and mixtures thereof. These additives are well known to those skilled in the art of lubricating mechanical parts.
- additives can be introduced individually and / or in the form of a mixture like those already available for sale for commercial lubricant formulations for vehicle engines, with a performance level as defined by ACEA ( Association of European Automobile Manufacturers) and / or API (American Petroleum Institute), well known to those skilled in the art.
- ACEA Association of European Automobile Manufacturers
- API American Petroleum Institute
- a lubricating composition according to the invention can comprise at least one friction modifier additive.
- the friction modifier additive can be chosen from a compound providing metallic elements and an ash-free compound.
- the compounds providing metallic elements mention may be made of transition metal complexes such as Mo, Sb, Sn, Fe, Cu, Zn, the ligands of which may be hydrocarbon compounds comprising oxygen, nitrogen or carbon atoms. sulfur or phosphorus.
- the ash-free friction modifier additives are generally of organic origin and can be selected from fatty acid and polyol monoesters, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated fatty amines, fatty epoxides, borate fatty epoxides; fatty amines or fatty acid glycerol esters.
- the fatty compounds comprise at least one hydrocarbon group comprising from 10 to 24 carbon atoms.
- a lubricating composition according to the invention can comprise from 0.01 to 2% by weight or from 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight or from 0.1 to 2% by weight. weight of friction modifier additive, relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition.
- a lubricating composition used according to the invention can comprise at least one antioxidant additive.
- the antioxidant additive generally helps to delay the degradation of the composition in service. This degradation can be reflected in particular by the formation of deposits, by the presence of sludge or by an increase in the viscosity of the composition.
- Antioxidant additives act in particular as radical inhibitors or destroyers of hydroperoxides.
- antioxidant additives commonly used, there may be mentioned antioxidant additives of phenolic type, antioxidant additives of amine type, phosphosulfurized antioxidant additives. Some of these antioxidant additives, for example phosphosulfurized antioxidant additives, can generate ash.
- the phenolic antioxidant additives can be ash free or in the form of neutral or basic metal salts.
- the antioxidant additives can in particular be chosen from sterically hindered phenols, sterically hindered phenol esters and sterically hindered phenols comprising a thioether bridge, diphenylamines, diphenylamines substituted with at least one C1-C12 alkyl group, N, N '-dialkyl-aryl-diamines and mixtures thereof.
- the sterically hindered phenols are chosen from compounds comprising a phenol group of which at least one carbon vicinal of the carbon carrying the alcohol function is substituted by at least one C 1 C 0 alkyl group, preferably an alkyl group.
- Amino compounds are another class of antioxidant additives that can be used, possibly in combination with phenolic antioxidant additives.
- Examples of amino compounds are aromatic amines, for example aromatic amines of formula NQ1Q2Q3 in which Q1 represents an aliphatic group or an aromatic group, optionally substituted, Q2 represents an aromatic group, optionally substituted, Q3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a group of formula Q4S (0) ZQ5 in which Q4 represents an alkylene group or an alkenylene group, Q5 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aryl group and z represents 0, 1 or 2 .
- Sulfurized alkyl phenols or their alkali and alkaline earth metal salts can also be used as antioxidant additives.
- antioxidant additives are copper compounds, for example copper thio- or dithio-phosphates, copper and carboxylic acid salts, dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates, copper acetylacetonates. Copper I and II salts, succinic acid or anhydride salts can also be used.
- a lubricating composition according to the invention can contain all types of antioxidant additives known to those skilled in the art.
- a lubricating composition according to the invention comprises at least one antioxidant additive free of ash.
- a lubricating composition according to the invention can comprise from 0.5 to 2% by weight of at least one antioxidant additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
- a lubricating composition according to the invention can also comprise at least one detergent additive.
- Detergent additives generally reduce the formation of deposits on the surface of metal parts by dissolving oxidation and combustion by-products.
- the detergent additives which can be used in a lubricating composition according to the invention are generally known to those skilled in the art.
- the detergent additives can be anionic compounds comprising a long lipophilic hydrocarbon chain and a hydrophilic head.
- the associated cation can be a metal cation of an alkali or alkaline earth metal.
- the detergent additives are preferably chosen from alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, sulphonates, salicylates, naphthenates, as well as salts of phenates.
- the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are preferably calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium.
- metal salts generally include the metal in a stoichiometric amount or else in excess, therefore in an amount greater than the stoichiometric amount.
- overbased detergent additives the excess metal providing the overbased character to the detergent additive is then generally in the form of a metal salt insoluble in oil, for example a carbonate, a hydroxide, an oxalate, an acetate, a glutamate, preferably a carbonate .
- a lubricating composition according to the invention may for example comprise from 2 to 4% by weight of detergent additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
- a lubricating composition according to the invention can comprise at least one dispersing agent, distinct from the succinimide-type compounds defined according to the invention.
- the dispersing agent can be chosen from Mannich bases and succinimides, for example of the polyisobutylene succinimide type.
- a lubricating composition used according to the invention may for example comprise from 0.2 to 10% by weight of dispersing agent (s) distinct (s) from the succinimide-type compounds defined according to the invention, relative to to the total weight of the composition.
- a lubricating composition according to the invention may further comprise at least one antiwear and / or extreme pressure agent.
- the anti-wear additives are chosen from organophosphates. They have the advantage of not forming ash and of being thermally stable. Mention may be made, for example, of phospho-sulfur additives such as metal alkylthiophosphates, in particular zinc alkylthiophosphates, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or ZnDTP.
- the preferred compounds are of formula Zn ((SP (S) (OQ6) (OQ7)) 2, in which Q6 and Q7, identical or different, independently represent an alkyl group, preferably an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 18 carbon atoms .
- Amine phosphates are also antiwear and extreme pressure additives which can be used in a composition according to the invention.
- the phosphorus provided by these additives can act as a poison in the catalytic systems of automobiles because these additives generate ash.
- additives which do not provide phosphorus such as, for example, polysulfides, in particular sulfur-containing olefins.
- a lubricating composition according to the invention can comprise from 0.01 to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably from 1 to 5% by weight of antiwear agent (s), relative to to the total weight of the composition.
- a lubricating composition according to the invention may further comprise at least one antifoaming agent.
- the antifoam agent can be chosen from polyacrylates, polysiloxanes or their hybrids.
- a lubricating composition according to the invention can comprise from 0.01 to 2% by weight or from 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight or from 0.1 to 2% by weight of agent. defoamer, relative to the total weight of the composition.
- a lubricating composition suitable for the invention may also include at least one pour point depressant additive (also referred to as "PPD” agents for "For Point Depressant” in English).
- PPD pour point depressant additive
- pour point depressant additives By slowing the formation of paraffin crystals, pour point depressant additives generally improve the cold behavior of the composition.
- pour point depressant additives there may be mentioned polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyarylamides, polyalkylphenols, polyalkylnaphthalenes, alkylated polystyrenes.
- the lubricating composition according to the invention can comprise: from 5 to 94.9% by weight, preferably from 10 to 70% by weight, advantageously from 15 to 50% by weight, of the composition of estolides ester according to the invention , and from 5 to 94.9% by weight, preferably from 30 to 90% by weight, advantageously from 50 to 85% by weight, of one or more other base oils, from 0.1 to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 10% by weight, advantageously from 1 to 5% by weight of one or more additives chosen from friction modifiers, viscosity index modifiers , detergents, dispersants, antiwear and / or extreme pressure additives, antioxidants, pour point depressants, anti-foam agents and their mixtures, relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition according to the 'invention.
- the lubricating composition according to the invention can be obtained by mixing the constituents of the lubricating composition.
- the present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a lubricating composition comprising the steps: preparation of a composition of estolides ester according to the process described above, and mixing of at least one other base oil and / or d 'at least one additive with the composition of estolides.
- the process for preparing a lubricating composition according to the invention does not include an intermediate step of separating the products formed during the step of preparing the estolid composition, before the mixing step.
- the process for preparing a lubricating composition according to the invention does not comprise a hydrogenation step, in particular hydrogenation of the composition of estolides ester obtained at the end of the step of preparation of the composition of estolides.
- the other base oil (s) and the additive (s) used in the process for preparing the lubricating composition may have one or more of the characteristics described above in the context of the lubricating composition of the invention.
- the lubricating composition obtained by this preparation process may have one or more of the characteristics described above in the context of the lubricating composition according to the invention.
- the subject of the invention is also a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition
- a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) the composition of estolides according to the invention and (ii) at least one fatty substance and / or (iii) at least one cosmetic additive.
- the composition of estolides used in the cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition exhibits one or more of the characteristics defined above in the context of the composition of estolides.
- the fatty substance can be chosen from hydrocarbon oils of biological or petrochemical origin, vegetable oils, vegetable butters, ethers and fatty alcohols, oily esters (different from the estolides of the invention), alkanes and silicone oils. .
- Hydrocarbon oils are fatty substances resulting from petrochemical processes.
- mineral oils isoparaffins, waxes, paraffins, polyisobutenes or else polydecenes.
- Examples of vegetable oils are in particular wheat germ, sunflower, grape seed, sesame, corn, apricot, castor, shea, avocado, olive, soybean, sweet almond, palm, rapeseed, cottonseed, hazelnut, macadamia, jojoba, alfalfa, poppy, pumpkin, sesame, squash, rapeseed, blackcurrant, evening primrose oil , millet, barley, quinoa, rye, safflower,nadooulier, passionflower, muscat rose or camellia.
- Vegetable butters are fatty substances which have the same properties as vegetable oils. The difference between the two is that the butters are in solid form at room temperature.
- the raw material from which a butter is extracted (pulp, seeds or almonds) is heated after having been crushed for the extraction of the fat.
- butters can be refined to ensure better shelf life, neutralize odors, improve color and consistency. Rich in antioxidants and nourishing, the cosmetic properties of vegetable butters improve the elasticity of the skin, protect against external aggressions by leaving a protective film on the epidermis and thus reducing dehydration, repair and soothe by regenerating the natural hydrolipidic film of the skin .
- Examples of vegetable butters are in particular shea butter, cocoa butter, mango butter, shorea butter or even olive butter.
- Ethers and fatty alcohols are long-chain fatty waxy substances with remarkable properties, in particular film-forming, emollient, moisturizing, softening and protective. They act as moisturizing oils and as emulsifiers.
- fatty alcohol or ethers are: cetyl Alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol, myristyl alcohol, auryl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, dicaprylyl ethers, stearyl ethers or octyldodecanol (identified by their name I NCI).
- oily esters or esterified oils are the product of a reaction between fatty acids (acids with longer chains, such as for example stearic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid ) and alcohols (fatty alcohols or polyols such as glycerol). These oils can contain substances from petrochemicals, as is the case with Isopropyl Palmitate.
- oilsy esters are caprylic capric triglyceride, coco caprylate caprate, oleyl erucate, oleyl linoleate, decyl oleate or even PPG-3 benzyl ether myristate (identified by their name I NCI).
- silicone oils means an oil comprising at least one silicon atom, and in particular at least one Si — O group.
- silicone oil mention may in particular be made of phenylpropyldimethylsiloxysilicate, dimethicones or else cyclopentasiloxane (identified by their name I NCI).
- the additive which is distinct from the fatty substance and from the composition of estolids, can be chosen from any adjuvant or additive usually used in the fields under consideration and in particular in the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical fields.
- any adjuvant or additive usually used in the fields under consideration and in particular in the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical fields.
- a person skilled in the art will take care to choose the optional additive (s) of the composition according to the invention in such a way that the advantageous properties inherently attached to the emollient composition in accordance with the invention are not or substantially not altered by the addition envisaged.
- anionic foaming surfactants such as sodium lauryl ether sulfate, sodium alkyl phosphate, sodium trideceth sulfate), amphoteric (such as alkyl betaine, disodium cocoamphodiacetate) or nonionic HLBs greater than 10 (such as POE / PPG / POE, Alkylpolyglucoside, polyglyceryl-3hydroxylauryl ether); conservatives ; sequestering agents (EDTA); antioxidants; the perfumes ; coloring materials such as soluble dyes, pigments and nacres; mattifying, tightening, whitening or exfoliating fillers; cosmetic active agents having the effect of improving the cosmetic properties of the skin, hydrophilic or lipophilic; electrolytes; hydrophilic or lipophilic, anionic, nonionic, cationic or amphoteric polymers
- the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical composition of the invention is a dermatological or pharmaceutical composition
- said composition may comprise one or more active therapeutic principles.
- active agents which can be used in the dermatological or pharmaceutical composition of the invention, there may be mentioned, for example, sun filters; water-soluble or fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin A (retinol), vitamin E (tocopherol), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin B5 (panthenol), vitamin B3 (niacinamide), derivatives of these vitamins (especially esters ) and mixtures thereof; antiseptics; antibacterial active agents such as 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether (or triclosan), 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide (or triclocarban); antimicrobials such as benzoyl peroxide, niacin (vit. PP); and their mixtures.
- This cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition comprises a physiologically acceptable medium, that is to say one which does not exhibit deleterious side effects and in particular which
- the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical composition has a content of estolide composition according to the invention ranging from 0.5 to 80%, preferably from 1 to 50% and advantageously from 5 to 30% by weight per relative to the total weight of the cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition.
- the cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition comprises, relative to the total weight of the cosmetic or pharmaceutical: from 0.5 to 80% by weight, preferably from 1 to 50% by weight and advantageously from 5 to 30% by weight, of the estolide composition according to the invention, from 0 to 90% by weight, preferably from 5 to 80% by weight and advantageously from 10 to 70% by weight, preferably from 20 to 60% by weight, and advantageously from 30 to 50% by weight, of fatty substance, from 0 to 20% by weight of additives, from 0 to 20% by weight of therapeutic active agents, it being understood that the composition comprises at least an additive or at least one fatty substance.
- the cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition comprises, relative to the total weight of the cosmetic or pharmaceutical: from 0.5 to 80% by weight, preferably from 1 to 50% by weight and advantageously from 5 to 30% by weight, of the estolide composition according to the invention, from 0 to 90% by weight, preferably from 5 to 80% by weight and advantageously from 10 to 70% by weight, preferably from 20 to 60% by weight, and advantageously from 30 to 50% by weight, of fatty substance chosen from hydrocarbon oils of biological or petrochemical origin, vegetable oils, vegetable butters, fatty ethers and alcohols, oily esters (different from estolides), alkanes and silicone oils, from 0 to 20% by weight of additives chosen from anionic, amphoteric or nonionic foaming surfactants with an HLB greater than 10; conservatives ; sequestering agents; antioxidants; the perfumes ; coloring matters; mattifying, tightening, whitening or exfoliating fillers; cosmetic active agents having the effect of improving the cosmetic properties of the skin, hydrophilic
- the cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition according to the invention can thus be an anhydrous composition, an emulsion such as a water-in-oil (W / O) emulsion, an oil-in-water (O / W) emulsion or a multiple emulsion. (in particular W / O / W or O / W / O), a nano emulsion, or even a dispersion.
- an emulsion such as a water-in-oil (W / O) emulsion, an oil-in-water (O / W) emulsion or a multiple emulsion. (in particular W / O / W or O / W / O), a nano emulsion, or even a dispersion.
- the cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is in the form of a more or less flexible cream or of a vaporizable emulsion, it can constitute, for example, a composition for removing make-up or cleaning the skin, lips, an after-sun composition. , a composition for massaging the skin, a shower balm composition, an antiperspirant composition, a mask composition, a repairing balm composition, an exfoliating and / or exfoliating composition both for the face and for the hands (when it contains exfoliating particles), a makeup composition, a shaving composition, an aftershave balm composition, a perfumed composition, a composition for wipes or else a vaporizable composition.
- the cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition according to the invention can also constitute a sunscreen composition when it will include at least one sunscreen.
- the cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is a cosmetic composition when it provides only a cosmetic effect.
- the cosmetic composition according to the invention is free of therapeutic active ingredients.
- the cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is a dermatological or pharmaceutical composition when it provides a therapeutic effect.
- the dermatological or pharmaceutical composition according to the invention comprises at least one therapeutic active ingredient, for example chosen from sun filters; antiseptics; antibacterial active agents such as 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether (or triclosan), 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide (or triclocarban); antimicrobials such as benzoyl peroxide, niacin (vit. PP); and their mixtures.
- the conversion corresponds to the proportion in percentage by weight of the starting hydroxycarboxylic acid compound which has reacted.
- the selectivity for monoestolids corresponds to the proportion in percentage by weight of monoestolides obtained in the composition of estolides resulting from the process.
- - FASCAT® 4100 tin-based catalyst with CAS number 2273-43-0.
- Example 1 implementation of the process by adding fatty acid and then adding alcohol Two protocols were implemented according to this route, depending on the mode of introduction of the hydroxycarboxylic acid.
- Protocol 1 continuous addition of hydroxycarboxylic acid on the saturated acid
- a three-necked flask of 500 mL equipped with a magnetic bar, surmounted by a condenser, a nitrogen bubbler and a Dean Stark are introduced l nonanoic acid and the catalyst.
- the reaction medium is heated under a flow of nitrogen at 190 ° C. and then, using an adipowder funnel, the 12-hydroxystearic acid is introduced in small portions for 3 hours.
- the progress of the reaction is monitored by GPC. After 8 hours of reaction, the excess nonanoic acid is distilled off under vacuum (2.5 mbar at 200 ° C). The acid estolide thus obtained is then esterified (without removing the catalyst) with 2-ethylhexanol in the presence of a catalyst. The progress of esterification is followed by measuring the acid number and the formation of the ester band by infrared.
- the excess of 2-ethylhexanol is removed by distillation under reduced pressure (200 ° C, 2.5 mbar). At the end of the distillation, the reaction medium is allowed to cool to 100 ° C. and then filtered through filter paper with a porosity of 0.7 ⁇ m. The estolid thus obtained is in the form of a yellowish oil.
- Protocol 2 addition "one pot" of hydroxycarboxylic acid and saturated acid
- a three-necked flask of 500 mL equipped with a magnetic bar, surmounted by a condenser, a nitrogen bubbler and a Dean Stark are introduced nonanoic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid and the catalyst.
- the reaction medium is heated under a flow of nitrogen at 190 ° C.
- the progress of the reaction is monitored by GPC.
- the excess of nonanoic acid is distilled off under vacuum (2.5 mbar at 200 ° C.).
- the acid estolide thus obtained is then esterified (without removing the catalyst) with 2-ethylhexanol in the presence of a catalyst.
- the progress of esterification is followed by measuring the acid number and the formation of the ester band by infrared.
- the excess of 2-ethylhexanol is removed by distillation under reduced pressure (200 ° C., 2.5 mbar).
- the reaction medium is allowed to cool to 100 ° C. and then filtered through filter paper with a porosity of 0.7 ⁇ m.
- the estolid thus obtained is in the form of a yellowish oil.
- the acid estolide formed at the end of the first reaction has formula (10) and the ester ester formed at the end of the second reaction has the formula (11).
- the conditions for the first reaction (in this example, reaction of addition of a fatty acid to the alcohol function of the hydroxycarboxylic acid) are shown in Table 2 below. Conversion and selectivity are also shown.
- the conditions for the second reaction (in this example, esterification reaction of the acid function of the acid estolide obtained at the end of the first reaction) are shown in Table 3 below. Conversion and selectivity are also shown.
- estolide compositions Ex1 to Ex4 and the composition ExC1 were evaluated in terms of kinematic viscosity, pour point and acid number.
- the following methods were used: the kinematic viscosities at 40 ° C (KV40) and at 100 ° C (KV100) were determined according to the ASTM D445 standard.
- the pour point (PE) was determined according to ASTM D7346 or ASTM D97.
- the acid number was determined according to ASTM D974 standards.
- Table 4 also indicates the amounts of monoestolides and the amounts of polyestolides, relative to the total weight of the composition of estolides.
- Example 2 Implementation of the process by adding alcohol followed by the addition of a fatty acid The following protocol was implemented: continuous addition of hydroxycarboxylic acid to the alcohol
- 2-ethylhexanol and the catalyst are introduced into a 500 mL three-necked flask equipped with a bar magnet, surmounted by a condenser, a nitrogen bubbler and a Dean Stark.
- the reaction medium is heated under a flow of nitrogen at 190 ° C. and then, using an adipowder funnel, the 12-hydroxystearic acid is introduced in small portions for 3 hours.
- the progress of the reaction is followed by measuring the change in the acid number in the reaction medium. After 12 hours of reaction, the excess 2-ethylhexanol is distilled off under vacuum (2.5 mbar at 200 ° C). The 2-ethylhexyl hydroxystearate thus obtained is then capped with nonanoic acid (without removal of the catalyst). The progress of esterification is followed by GPC analysis.
- the excess acid is removed by distillation under reduced pressure (200 ° C., 2.5 mbar). At the end of the distillation, the reaction medium is allowed to cool to 100 ° C. and then filtered through filter paper with a porosity of 0.7 ⁇ m.
- the estolid thus obtained is in the form of a yellowish oil.
- the conditions for the first reaction in this example, esterification reaction with an alcohol on the acid function of the hydroxycarboxylic acid) are shown in Table 5 below. Conversion and selectivity are also shown. [Table 5]
- the conditions for the second reaction (in this example, reaction for adding a saturated fatty acid to the hydroxyl function of the hydroxycarboxylic acid ester obtained at the end of the first reaction) are shown in Table 6 below. below. Conversion and selectivity are also shown.
- estolide compositions Ex5 and Ex6 were evaluated in terms of kinematic viscosity and pour point.
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Abstract
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| FR2004219A FR3109582B1 (fr) | 2020-04-28 | 2020-04-28 | Procede de fabrication d’estolides ester et composition d’estolides ester |
| PCT/EP2021/061019 WO2021219663A1 (fr) | 2020-04-28 | 2021-04-27 | Procede de fabrication d'estolides ester et composition d'estolides ester |
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| EP4143152A1 true EP4143152A1 (fr) | 2023-03-08 |
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| US (1) | US12077493B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4143152A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2023524034A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20230003144A (fr) |
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| FR2906530B1 (fr) * | 2006-09-29 | 2012-02-17 | Stearinerie Dubois Fils | Procede de synthese d'esters d'estolides. |
| BR112016006787A2 (pt) | 2013-10-02 | 2017-08-01 | Biosynthetic Technologies Llc | composições de estolides exibindo propriedades superiores em composição lubrificante |
| CN106459799B (zh) * | 2014-03-03 | 2020-09-08 | 丰益贸易私人有限公司 | 用作基料和在润滑剂应用中所用的支链二酯 |
| CN103992233B (zh) * | 2014-05-16 | 2016-06-08 | 常州大学 | 一种铁催化的合成2-(芳基氨基)苯酚的方法 |
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| FR3109582B1 (fr) | 2022-05-06 |
| US20230219876A1 (en) | 2023-07-13 |
| FR3109582A1 (fr) | 2021-10-29 |
| CN115916738A (zh) | 2023-04-04 |
| KR20230003144A (ko) | 2023-01-05 |
| WO2021219663A1 (fr) | 2021-11-04 |
| US12077493B2 (en) | 2024-09-03 |
| JP2023524034A (ja) | 2023-06-08 |
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