EP4141167A1 - Flexible, flame-retardant composite material - Google Patents
Flexible, flame-retardant composite material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4141167A1 EP4141167A1 EP21306185.6A EP21306185A EP4141167A1 EP 4141167 A1 EP4141167 A1 EP 4141167A1 EP 21306185 A EP21306185 A EP 21306185A EP 4141167 A1 EP4141167 A1 EP 4141167A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pvb
- flame retardant
- flexible
- composite material
- fabric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- YEAUATLBSVJFOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraantimony hexaoxide Chemical compound O1[Sb](O2)O[Sb]3O[Sb]1O[Sb]2O3 YEAUATLBSVJFOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- FRQDZJMEHSJOPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate) Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(CC)CCCC FRQDZJMEHSJOPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl decanedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- GTVWRXDRKAHEAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COP(=O)(OCC(CC)CCCC)OCC(CC)CCCC GTVWRXDRKAHEAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GHPGOEFPKIHBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sb+3].[Sb+3] GHPGOEFPKIHBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OCWYEMOEOGEQAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bumetrizole Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(N2N=C3C=C(Cl)C=CC3=N2)=C1O OCWYEMOEOGEQAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- WHHGLZMJPXIBIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N decabromodiphenyl ether Chemical compound BrC1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1OC1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1Br WHHGLZMJPXIBIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000251730 Chondrichthyes Species 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N caproic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCCCC(=O)OCC SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBSLOWBPDRZSMB-FPLPWBNLSA-N dibutyl (z)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OCCCC JBSLOWBPDRZSMB-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- QUAMTGJKVDWJEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octabenzone Chemical compound OC1=CC(OCCCCCCCC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QUAMTGJKVDWJEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FMJSMJQBSVNSBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octocrylene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=C(C#N)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 FMJSMJQBSVNSBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
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- VPALCMIVSUMODA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-6-(5-chloro-1,3-dihydrobenzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(N2NC3=CC(Cl)=CC=C3N2)=C1O VPALCMIVSUMODA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000531908 Aramides Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001651 Cyanoacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004803 Di-2ethylhexylphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- FMRHJJZUHUTGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylhexyl salicylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O FMRHJJZUHUTGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
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- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- NLCKLZIHJQEMCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyano prop-2-enoate Chemical class C=CC(=O)OC#N NLCKLZIHJQEMCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
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- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FJQXCDYVZAHXNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methadone hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CC(C)N(C)C)(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 FJQXCDYVZAHXNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/04—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/44—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 2 or 12 of the Periodic Table; Zincates; Cadmates
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- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/45—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table; Aluminates
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- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/47—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table; Vanadates; Niobates; Tantalates; Arsenates; Antimonates; Bismuthates
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- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/80—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with boron or compounds thereof, e.g. borides
- D06M11/82—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with boron or compounds thereof, e.g. borides with boron oxides; with boric, meta- or perboric acids or their salts, e.g. with borax
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- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/165—Ethers
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- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/347—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated ethers, acetals, hemiacetals, ketones or aldehydes
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/667—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing phosphorus in the main chain
- D06M15/673—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing phosphorus in the main chain containing phosphorus and nitrogen in the main chain
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0056—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the compounding ingredients of the macro-molecular coating
- D06N3/0059—Organic ingredients with special effects, e.g. oil- or water-repellent, antimicrobial, flame-resistant, magnetic, bactericidal, odour-influencing agents; perfumes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0056—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the compounding ingredients of the macro-molecular coating
- D06N3/0063—Inorganic compounding ingredients, e.g. metals, carbon fibres, Na2CO3, metal layers; Post-treatment with inorganic compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
- D06P1/52—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing synthetic macromolecular substances
- D06P1/5207—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06P1/5214—Polymers of unsaturated compounds containing no COOH groups or functional derivatives thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
- D06P1/673—Inorganic compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
- D06P5/30—Ink jet printing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a flexible, flame-retardant material of multilayered structure formed of at least one fabric layer and of at least one Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) coating layer, and its manufacturing method.
- the present invention relates to the field of flexible construction materials (such as facade elements) insofar as they can, for example, be used to form a digital printing media, typically for outdoor and indoor advertising, and/or a solar protection material.
- the digital printing medium can be a facade element, a temporary shelter, a billboard, a building wrap, a wallcovering, a display or a suspended ceiling.
- Digital printing is a method of printing from a digital-based image directly to a variety of media. Digital printing allows for on-demand printing, short turnaround time, and even a modification of the image (variable data) used for each impression. The savings in labor and the ever-increasing capability of digital presses leads to the fact that digital printing has many advantages over traditional methods.
- Digital printing is often used in advertising, usually for indoor and outdoor banners and event signage, in trade shows, and in the retail sector at point of sale or point of purchase. It is also used in architecture where the media is a flexible composite material, which conforms to a variety of surfaces. It enables interior and exterior spaces (such as facades) to be transformed, and optionally functions as solar protection. These materials are to fulfil the requirements of more and more strict environmental standards.
- these flexible materials comprise coatings made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- the industry tends to avoid using PVC mainly because of its high chlorine content.
- coatings made of eco-friendly polymers for the environment and for the health of the persons in contact with them.
- the technical problem which the invention intends to solve is therefore to propose a flexible, flame-retardant composite material generally of multilayered structure free of PVC, which renders it capable of being used in applications such as digital printing media, solar protection media or replace traditional PVC- or PU-coated fabrics in automotive applications.
- the present invention proposes solving the technical problems described above in relation with the prior art by means of a flexible, flame-retardant composite material comprising:
- the fabric layer is coated or impregnated with a PVB coating layer on at least one side.
- the fabric layer is coated on only one side or on its two sides.
- the PVB coating layers on both sides of the fabric layer can be similar or different (different composition and/or color and/or thickness).
- the flexible, flame-retardant composite material consists essentially of, preferably consists of the fabric layer and one PVB coating layer.
- the flexible, flame-retardant composite material consists essentially of, preferably consists of the fabric layer and two PVB coating layers (similar or different).
- the invention also relates to a manufacturing method for forming the flexible, flame retardant composite material according to the invention, wherein said method comprises:
- the manufacturing process is surprisingly efficient since, as it is known to the skilled person, providing a coating is much more difficult technically using a water-based product than using an organic solvent-based product.
- a first object of the invention is the flexible, flame-retardant composite material, which comprises at least on impregnated or coated PVB coating layer.
- This layer is generally a not a laminated product, which is a different composite material as can be seen easily on the composition material.
- laminates having a polymer layer on the outside usually have a plastic or oil-like look and touch.
- the impregnation or coating of the coating layer is made from a liquid composition applied onto the fabric layer or onto an intermediate layer on which thermal treatment for drying and curing is carried out.
- the laminated product is made from the lamination of a solid product composition like a film or foil applied onto the fabric layer or onto an intermediate layer.
- the impregnation or coating manufacturing method according to the invention is more cost-efficient than lamination and the mechanical resistance of a coating layer manufactured by impregnation or coating is more efficient than the one of a coating layer manufactured by lamination.
- PVB Polyvinyl butyral
- the major application of PVB is laminated safety glass for automobile windshields in which a protective foil made of polyvinyl butyral acting is bonded between two panels of glass. This results in a large amount of PVB foils to be recycled worldwide.
- the waste material to be recycled comprises a plasticizer (roughly one fourth to one third of a plasticizer which is typically TEG-EH (Triethylene Glycol Bis (2-Ethyl Hexanoate) of CAS number 94-28-0 in the case of automotive applications) as well as traces of impurities such as glass, silicone and/or rubber, depending on its grade.
- a plasticizer typically one fourth to one third of a plasticizer which is typically TEG-EH (Triethylene Glycol Bis (2-Ethyl Hexanoate) of CAS number 94-28-0 in the case of automotive applications) as well as traces of impurities such as glass, silicone and/or rubber, depending on its grade.
- a and / or B means A, or B, or A and B.
- PVB coatings in the art is always limited to the use of solvent-based system or foils obtained by lamination, which is costly, complicated, and not environmental-friendly.
- the flexible, flame-retardant composite material of the invention comprises an eco-friendly PVB coating layer which is a water-based coating obtained by an impregnation or coating manufacturing method.
- multilayer means at least two layers according to the invention. At least one intermediate layer (i.e. present between the PVB coating layer and the fabric layer), preferably a polymer-based intermediate layer, can be present. The layer in contact with the outside is preferably the PVB coating layer, but at least one top-coat layer can be optionally present between the PVB coating layer and the outdoor atmosphere. In any case, the layers are adapted to the need in terms of adhesion strength and flame retardancy, in as much as the layers of the composite material are mechanically and/or chemically joined.
- the top-coat layer if present is for example a clear coat for improving the UV resistance and/or the abrasion resistance.
- This top-coat layer is typically necessary in applications like artificial leather (e.g. for car interior or furniture) or in applications where PVB would replace a PVC coated fabric in a mechanically challenging application where it sees more wear and tear (e.g. for truck tarpaulins or tents).
- This top-coat layer is typically made of another coating layer which can be a clear coat. This could also be a PVB or acrylic or polyurethane coating layer or a coating comprised by a mix of multiple of these polymers on top of the PVB coating layer of the composite material according to the invention.
- integral with said fabric layer means that the layers are mechanically and/or chemically joined. This is for example the case when there is no intermediate layer between the fabric layer and the PVB coating layer. But this is also the case when there is a primer or another intermediate layer between the fabric layer and the PVB coating layer, in as much as the primer or PVB coating layer is mechanically and/or chemically joined to both the fabric layer and the PVB coating layer. Accordingly, any such intermediate layer can be present in the composite material.
- the weight ratio PVB on antimony trioxide is generally from 2:1 to 10:1, preferably from 3:1 to 7:1.
- the weight ratio PVB on (antimony trioxide + halogenated organic compound) is generally from 0.1:1 to 4:1, preferably from 0.5:1 to 2:1.
- PVB is a polymer of formula (C 8 H 14 O 2 ) n or wherein n is an integer generally of more than 20. It is usually prepared from polyvinyl alcohol by reaction with butyraldehyde. Its CAS number is 915977-69-4.
- the PVB originates from original PVB or from recycled PVB.
- the PVB originates from recycled PVB waste, such as the commercial products Shark Dispersion (from various grades e.g. SX1, XS, FX2, WX2).
- recycled PVB waste such as the commercial products Shark Dispersion (from various grades e.g. SX1, XS, FX2, WX2).
- SX1, XS, FX2, WX2 various grades e.g. SX1, XS, FX2, WX2
- the impurities which can be present in the recycled PVB waste are less than 1% by weight. This ability to recycle the waste stream as such is a surprising advantage of the invention, since it is often very difficult to integrate and/or to adapt waste stream from the recycling of goods into the current production cycle of products.
- the PVB can also originates from original PVB (which means originating from recycling) such as the commercial products Aquarez PVB (from various grades, e.g. 501, 605, DPS48-36%) o.
- Antimony trioxide or antimony oxide (III) (IUPAC name) (or antimonious oxide or antimony sesquioxide) of formula Sb 2 O 3 is an inorganic compound. Its CAS number is 1309-64-4.
- the halogenated organic compound is preferably a polyhalogenated organic compound (such as decabromodiphenyl ether or 1,1'-oxybis(2,3,4,5,6-pentabromobenzene) of CAS number 1163-19-5). This compound is mixed with antimony as antimony trioxide.
- the halogen is chosen from chlorine, bromine, fluorine, iodine, and their mixtures, preferably the halogen is bromine.
- the fabric according to the invention is a textile material of any type, such as woven materials, knitted materials, warp-knitted materials, non-woven materials, and their mixtures.
- the fabric is a rollable fabric.
- the fabric is a sheet stocked as a roll, that is to say a structure of low thickness with respect to the other two dimensions of the material.
- the thickness can be limited to about. 0.1 to 5 mm, for rolls of about 1 m to 6 m width and a weight from about 30 g/m 2 to about 800 m 2 .
- the rolls are assembled when constructing the façade elements typically by welding them along their lengths in particular by High Frequency (HF) welding.
- HF High Frequency
- the fabric can be a mesh fabric or a plain fabric, depending mainly on its final use.
- the mesh fabric is particularly suitable for a use in outer advertising, for example as building wrap of reduced load.
- the fabric is a textile-based substrate comprising fibers chosen from the group consisting of polyester, polyamide, polyacrylic, polyethylene, polypropylene, glass, wool, cotton, rayon, linen, bamboo, carbon, steel, copper, and aramide fibers and their mixtures.
- the polyester can be polyether-terephthalate.
- the term “fiber” includes both staple fibers and filaments.
- the fabric originates from recycled grades (such as recycled polyester from bottle chips) or from renewable resources (such as bamboo, cotton).
- the PVB coating layer further comprises at least one mineral flame retardant, the mineral flame retardant being present in an amount of 0 to 40%, preferably 20 to 40%, by weight with respect to the coating layer.
- the flame retardant is preferably chosen from aluminum trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate, and their mixtures. More preferably, the mineral flame retardant is aluminum trihydrate.
- the CAS number of aluminum trihydrate (or ATH) (or hydrated alumina or aluminum (III) hydroxide or aluminum trihydroxide) is 21645-51-2.
- the CAS number of magnesium hydroxide is 1309-42-8.
- the CAS number of zinc borate differs according to the zinc/boron ratio and the water content.
- the usual zinc borate has CAS number 12767-90-7. All the variants of zinc borate are also encompassed according to the invention.
- the plasticizer of the PVB coating layer is present in an amount of 5 to 25% by weight of the coating layer.
- the plasticizer can be present in the PVB as raw material, if the PVB originates from recycled PVB waste. In this case, preferably, the plasticizer originates from recycled PVB waste. Actually, recycled PVB waste typically comprises around one third to one fourth of plasticizer.
- the plasticizer can be chosen from phosphate-based compounds such as triarylphosphates.
- the plasticizer is preferably chosen from triethylene glycol (CAS number 112-27-6), triethylene glycol di(2-ethylhexoate) (also known as triethylene glycol bis (2-ethyl hexanoate or 2,2'-ethylenedioxydiethyl bis(2-ethylhexanoate, CAS number 94-28-0), alkyl phthalate (such as di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, CAS number 117-81-7), dibutyl maleate (CAS 105-76-0), dibutyl adipate (CAS number 105-99-7), dibutyl sebacate (CAS number 109-43-3), tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (CAS number 78-42-2), 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (CAS 1241-94-7), triphenyl phosphate (CAS number 115-86-6), and their mixtures.
- triethylene glycol CAS number 112-27-6
- the weight ratio (PVB + plasticizer) on antimony trioxide is generally from 2:1 to 10:1, preferably from 3:1 to 9:1.
- the weight ratio (PVB + plasticizer) on (antimony trioxide + halogenated organic compound) is generally from 0.5:1 to 5:1, preferably from 0.8:1 to 4:1.
- the PVB of the PVB coating layer is partially crosslinked, which means that it still has remaining thermoplastic properties.
- the skilled person is capable to adapt the crosslinking ratio according to the needs thereof.
- this crosslinking has been obtained when a crosslinker, preferably chosen from blocked isocyanate water-compatible compounds, was present in the compositions before its manufacture e.g. by curing.
- the crosslinker is no more present in the PVB coating layer.
- the PVB coating layer preferably further comprises at least one compound chosen from UV filters, UV absorbers, UV stabilizers and their mixtures.
- the UV filters can be chosen from liquid cyanoacrylates UV absorbers, 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylates (such as one of the commercial products Uvinul 3039, UV-3039 and Omnistab UV 3039) and their mixtures.
- the UV absorbers can be chosen from benzotriazoles like the one of CAS number 3896-11-5 (such as one of the commercial products Comax UV-126, Riasorb UV-326, MPI UV-absorber 326 and Tinuvin 326).
- the UV stabilizers can be chosen from benzophenones like the one of CAS number 1843-05-6 (such as one of the commercial products Comax UV-181, Riasorb UV-531 and MPI UV-81 (531)).
- the composite material is generally compatible with usual pigments and inks used in digital and screen printing, including water based inks such as latex-inks or sublimations inks, solvent-based or mild-solvent based inks as well as UV-curable inks.
- water based inks such as latex-inks or sublimations inks
- solvent-based or mild-solvent based inks as well as UV-curable inks.
- the flame retardancy is measured according to the standard DIN 4102-1 May 1998.
- the composite material of the invention must at least pass the level B2, preferable the level B1.
- the flexibility is measured by the standard DIN EN ISO 32100. This standard describes the bally-flex test including a detailed description of the equipment to be used. For the examples, a Bally flexometer for 20000 cycles was used.
- the adhesion is measured according to the standard DIN 53357.
- the weldability is not measured according to a standard, as known to the skilled person, since the measurement depends on the machine which is used.
- the skilled person is capable to determine the conditions of use so that to know is the composite material can be considered weldable.
- the abrasion resistance is measured by a Martindale test. This test and the equipment is described in standard DIN EN ISO 12947.
- a second object of the invention is the manufacturing method of the flexible, flame-retardant composite material of the invention.
- the impregnation is usually carried out by coating the fabric with the water-based dispersion.
- the coating is usually carried out by deposit of a water-based dispersion on the fabric layer using for example knife coating or roller coating or padding technique.
- knife coating or roller coating or padding technique As already explained, the use of a water-based dispersion helps to use eco-responsible compounds.
- the water-based dispersion preferably does not comprise any halogen except from the one(s) in relation to the antimony trioxide.
- the PVB originates from recycled PVB waste.
- the water-based dispersion comprises at least one crosslinker generally chosen from blocked isocyanates (such as one of the commercial products Imprafix 2794XP, Trixene BI2021 and Trixene BI201), isocyanates (such as one of the commercial products Desmodur DN and Easaqua XD 401),carbodiimides (such as one of the commercial products Desmodur XP 2802, Picassian XL-732, Picassian XL-702 and Picassian XL-725), and their mixtures, preferably blocked isocyanate.
- the amount of crosslinker in the water based dispersion is preferably from more than 0% and up to 20%, by weight based on the weight of the PVB polymer in the water based dispersion.
- a drying step is carried out after the impregnation step and before the curing step.
- the curing step is generally carried out in an oven or the like, and the temperature rise in the oven to reach the curing temperature is carried out in the oven, which constitutes the drying step.
- the drying step is carried out as known to the skilled person, for example at 100°C in an oven.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a flexible sheet 1 constituting a first embodiment of the invention.
- the flexible sheet 1 comprises a fabric layer 11 coated on both sides by a PVB coating layer 10.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a flexible sheet 2 constituting a second embodiment of the invention.
- the flexible sheet 2 comprises a fabric layer 11 coated on both sides by a PVB coating layer 10, the side to be in contact with the outdoor atmosphere being further coated by a top-coat layer 12.
- This top-coat layer 12 is a clear coat.
- Figure 3 is a cross section of a first apparatus 3 for the manufacture of a flexible sheet 39 according to the invention.
- the apparatus 3 can typically be used for both mesh fabrics and plain fabrics, especially fabrics of large width.
- the arrows indicate the direction of circulation of the sheet.
- a fabric 29 is unwound from a roll 28, and further guided by rolls 33.
- the fabric is impregnated in a bath 30 of liquid PVB present in a container 31.
- Two scrapers 22 remove excess 32 of PVB which fall down in the bath.
- the coated fabric 36 is then guided, optionally passed next to a nozzle 20 which blows air by micro jets to clean the holes in the coated fabric 36 if necessary (for example in the case of a mesh fabric if the holes of the mesh fabric are of dimension less than 5 mm), to an oven 25 which allows the drying and crosslinking and thus leads to obtaining the flexible sheet 29.
- a nozzle 20 which blows air by micro jets to clean the holes in the coated fabric 36 if necessary (for example in the case of a mesh fabric if the holes of the mesh fabric are of dimension less than 5 mm), to an oven 25 which allows the drying and crosslinking and thus leads to obtaining the flexible sheet 29.
- Figure 4 is a cross section of a second apparatus 4 for the manufacture of a flexible sheet 40 according to the invention.
- the apparatus 4 can typically be used for mesh fabrics.
- the arrows indicate the direction of circulation of the sheet.
- the fabric 29 is unwound from the roll 28, further impregnated in the bath 30 of liquid PVB present in the container 31 and guided by the transfer roll 42 which transfers the coating onto the mesh fabric 29.
- the following rollers 34 transfers the liquid coating between both sides of the mesh fabric back and forth and ensure an equal, uniform coating of both sides and the inner surface of the mesh fabric.
- the coated fabric 37 is then guided optionally passed next to a nozzle 21 which blows air by micro jets to clean the holes in the coated fabric 37 if necessary (for example if the holes of the mesh fabric are of dimension less than 3 mm), to an oven 26 which allows the drying and crosslinking and thus leads to obtaining the flexible sheet 40.
- Figure 5 is a cross section of a third apparatus 5 for the manufacture of a flexible sheet 41 according to the invention.
- the apparatus 5 can typically be used for plain fabrics.
- the arrow indicates the direction of circulation of the sheet.
- the fabric 29 is unwound from the roll 28, and the liquid PVB 30 is spread onto the fabric 29 using a doctor blade 24.
- the fabric 38 is stabilized by a support roll 35. Afterwards it enters an oven 27 which allows the drying and crosslinking and thus leads to obtaining the flexible sheet 41.
- compositions were used in a manufacturing corresponding the one disclosed in Figure 3 , using the same fabric layer which is made of woven PES spun yarn and has a weight per area of about 125 g/m2. The drying was carried out for 1 minute at 80 °C followed by a cueing step for 2 minutes at 150°C.
- examples 1 to 3 were carried out modifying only the content of crosslinker (blocked isocyanate, cells in bold)
- examples 3 to 6 were carried out modifying only the content of the flame retardant component (brominated organic compound + antimony trioxide, cells in bold), some ATH as mineral flame retardant being present
- examples 7 and 8 ware were carried out modifying only the content of the flame retardant component (brominated organic compound + antimony trioxide, cells in bold), no mineral flame retardant being present.
- Comp 1 shows a good weldability. However, due to the lack of crosslinker, the coating is not durable enough and shows not sufficient adhesion to the textile substrate.
- Comp 3 gives a very durable and still flexible coating and shows very good coating adhesion due to the high level of crosslinker. Therefore, it loses some of its thermoplastic properties. As a result, it cannot be welded anymore, which is a disadvantage for a coated fabric.
- Comp 4 demonstrates that even a high load of a mineral flame retardant like ATH is not sufficient in order to get the desired flame retardancy properties. Even in combination with a moderate amount of antimony trioxide/halogen (Ratio PVB on Sb 2 O 3 : >10:1), a high ATH loading is not sufficient (Comp 5). If the ratio PVB on Sb 2 O 3 is ⁇ 10:1 whilst ATH is present, the flame retardant properties are in line with the requirements (Inv 6). If the mineral flam retardant is omitted, a low ratio of PVB on Sb 2 O 3 is necessary to pass the flame retardancy requirements (Inv 8).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a flexible, flame-retardant composite material comprising:- a fabric layer; and- at least one impregnated or coated Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) coating layer, which is integral with said fabric layer; the PVB coating layer containing 20 to 60% by weight of PVB, at least one plasticizer in an amount of 5 to 40% by weight of the coating layer, and a mixture of antimony trioxide Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and at least one halogenated organic compound as flame retardant in a total amount of 5 to 45% by weight with respect to the coating layer, and in a ratio of 0.1 to 5 part of antimony trioxide Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> per part of halogenated organic compound.The invention also relates to the manufacturing method thereof, comprising an impregnation or coating of a water-based dispersion of PVB onto the fabric layer, and a further curing.
Description
- The present invention relates to a flexible, flame-retardant material of multilayered structure formed of at least one fabric layer and of at least one Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) coating layer, and its manufacturing method. In particular, the present invention relates to the field of flexible construction materials (such as facade elements) insofar as they can, for example, be used to form a digital printing media, typically for outdoor and indoor advertising, and/or a solar protection material. The digital printing medium can be a facade element, a temporary shelter, a billboard, a building wrap, a wallcovering, a display or a suspended ceiling.
- Digital printing is a method of printing from a digital-based image directly to a variety of media. Digital printing allows for on-demand printing, short turnaround time, and even a modification of the image (variable data) used for each impression. The savings in labor and the ever-increasing capability of digital presses leads to the fact that digital printing has many advantages over traditional methods.
- Digital printing is often used in advertising, usually for indoor and outdoor banners and event signage, in trade shows, and in the retail sector at point of sale or point of purchase. It is also used in architecture where the media is a flexible composite material, which conforms to a variety of surfaces. It enables interior and exterior spaces (such as facades) to be transformed, and optionally functions as solar protection. These materials are to fulfil the requirements of more and more strict environmental standards.
- Traditionally, these flexible materials comprise coatings made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). However, nowadays the industry tends to avoid using PVC mainly because of its high chlorine content. There is a need of coatings made of eco-friendly polymers for the environment and for the health of the persons in contact with them.
- Polyurethane (PU) and acrylic polymers have been envisaged, but they appear too costly for the majority of applications or do not meet all the performance criteria needed for their respective end use.
- Therefore, when looking for a composition for coating a flexible material, it is difficult to combine eco-friendly requirements and to respond to technical requirements such as flexibility, flame retardancy, weldability, good printability, good adhesion and abrasion resistance for mechanical performances, as well as cost efficiency.
- The technical problem which the invention intends to solve is therefore to propose a flexible, flame-retardant composite material generally of multilayered structure free of PVC, which renders it capable of being used in applications such as digital printing media, solar protection media or replace traditional PVC- or PU-coated fabrics in automotive applications.
- The present invention proposes solving the technical problems described above in relation with the prior art by means of a flexible, flame-retardant composite material comprising:
- a fabric layer; and
- at least one impregnated or coated Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) coating layer, which is integral with said fabric layer; the PVB coating layer containing 20 to 60% by weight of PVB, at least one plasticizer in an amount of 5 to 40%, preferably 5 to 25%, by weight of the coating layer, and a mixture of antimony trioxide Sb2O3 and at least one halogenated organic compound as flame retardant in a total amount of 5 to 45%, preferably 10 to 40%, by weight with respect to the coating layer, and in a ratio of 0.1 to 5, preferably 0.2 to 3, e.g. 0.33, part of antimony trioxide Sb2O3 per part of halogenated organic compound.
- Thus, the fabric layer is coated or impregnated with a PVB coating layer on at least one side. Typically, the fabric layer is coated on only one side or on its two sides. In the last case, the PVB coating layers on both sides of the fabric layer can be similar or different (different composition and/or color and/or thickness...).
- In a preferred embodiment, the flexible, flame-retardant composite material consists essentially of, preferably consists of the fabric layer and one PVB coating layer.
- In a preferred embodiment, the flexible, flame-retardant composite material consists essentially of, preferably consists of the fabric layer and two PVB coating layers (similar or different).
- The invention also relates to a manufacturing method for forming the flexible, flame retardant composite material according to the invention, wherein said method comprises:
- Providing a fabric layer;
- Providing at least one water-based dispersion of PVB containing the PVB, the plasticizer, at least one crosslinker, and the mixture of antimony trioxide and halogenated organic compound;
- Impregnating or coating at least one side of the fabric layer with the water-based dispersion of PVB;
- Curing the thus impregnated or coated fabric layer at a temperature of 100 to 180°C, preferably 120 to 180°C.
- The manufacturing process is surprisingly efficient since, as it is known to the skilled person, providing a coating is much more difficult technically using a water-based product than using an organic solvent-based product.
- A first object of the invention is the flexible, flame-retardant composite material, which comprises at least on impregnated or coated PVB coating layer. This layer is generally a not a laminated product, which is a different composite material as can be seen easily on the composition material. Actually, laminates having a polymer layer on the outside usually have a plastic or oil-like look and touch. In these different cases, the manufacturing method is different. The impregnation or coating of the coating layer is made from a liquid composition applied onto the fabric layer or onto an intermediate layer on which thermal treatment for drying and curing is carried out. The laminated product is made from the lamination of a solid product composition like a film or foil applied onto the fabric layer or onto an intermediate layer.
- Advantageously, the impregnation or coating manufacturing method according to the invention is more cost-efficient than lamination and the mechanical resistance of a coating layer manufactured by impregnation or coating is more efficient than the one of a coating layer manufactured by lamination.
- Polyvinyl butyral (or PVB) is a resin mostly used for applications that require strong binding, optical clarity, adhesion to many surfaces, toughness and flexibility. The major application of PVB is laminated safety glass for automobile windshields in which a protective foil made of polyvinyl butyral acting is bonded between two panels of glass. This results in a large amount of PVB foils to be recycled worldwide. However, this recycling is not an easy task since the waste material to be recycled comprises a plasticizer (roughly one fourth to one third of a plasticizer which is typically TEG-EH (Triethylene Glycol Bis (2-Ethyl Hexanoate) of CAS number 94-28-0 in the case of automotive applications) as well as traces of impurities such as glass, silicone and/or rubber, depending on its grade.
- According to the invention, "A and/or B" means A, or B, or A and B.
- The use of PVB coatings in the art is always limited to the use of solvent-based system or foils obtained by lamination, which is costly, complicated, and not environmental-friendly.
- Advantageously, the flexible, flame-retardant composite material of the invention comprises an eco-friendly PVB coating layer which is a water-based coating obtained by an impregnation or coating manufacturing method.
- According to the invention, "multilayer" means at least two layers according to the invention. At least one intermediate layer (i.e. present between the PVB coating layer and the fabric layer), preferably a polymer-based intermediate layer, can be present. The layer in contact with the outside is preferably the PVB coating layer, but at least one top-coat layer can be optionally present between the PVB coating layer and the outdoor atmosphere. In any case, the layers are adapted to the need in terms of adhesion strength and flame retardancy, in as much as the layers of the composite material are mechanically and/or chemically joined.
- According to the invention, the top-coat layer if present is for example a clear coat for improving the UV resistance and/or the abrasion resistance. This top-coat layer is typically necessary in applications like artificial leather (e.g. for car interior or furniture) or in applications where PVB would replace a PVC coated fabric in a mechanically challenging application where it sees more wear and tear (e.g. for truck tarpaulins or tents). This top-coat layer is typically made of another coating layer which can be a clear coat. This could also be a PVB or acrylic or polyurethane coating layer or a coating comprised by a mix of multiple of these polymers on top of the PVB coating layer of the composite material according to the invention. According to the invention, "integral with said fabric layer" means that the layers are mechanically and/or chemically joined. This is for example the case when there is no intermediate layer between the fabric layer and the PVB coating layer. But this is also the case when there is a primer or another intermediate layer between the fabric layer and the PVB coating layer, in as much as the primer or PVB coating layer is mechanically and/or chemically joined to both the fabric layer and the PVB coating layer. Accordingly, any such intermediate layer can be present in the composite material.
- The weight ratio PVB on antimony trioxide is generally from 2:1 to 10:1, preferably from 3:1 to 7:1.
- The weight ratio PVB on (antimony trioxide + halogenated organic compound) is generally from 0.1:1 to 4:1, preferably from 0.5:1 to 2:1.
-
- The PVB originates from original PVB or from recycled PVB.
- Preferably, the PVB originates from recycled PVB waste, such as the commercial products Shark Dispersion (from various grades e.g. SX1, XS, FX2, WX2...).. This corresponds advantageously to an eco-responsible approach. The impurities which can be present in the recycled PVB waste are less than 1% by weight. This ability to recycle the waste stream as such is a surprising advantage of the invention, since it is often very difficult to integrate and/or to adapt waste stream from the recycling of goods into the current production cycle of products.
- The PVB can also originates from original PVB (which means originating from recycling) such as the commercial products Aquarez PVB (from various grades, e.g. 501, 605, DPS48-36...) o.
- Antimony trioxide or antimony oxide (III) (IUPAC name) (or antimonious oxide or antimony sesquioxide) of formula Sb2O3 is an inorganic compound. Its CAS number is 1309-64-4.
- The halogenated organic compound is preferably a polyhalogenated organic compound (such as decabromodiphenyl ether or 1,1'-oxybis(2,3,4,5,6-pentabromobenzene) of CAS number 1163-19-5). This compound is mixed with antimony as antimony trioxide. The halogen is chosen from chlorine, bromine, fluorine, iodine, and their mixtures, preferably the halogen is bromine.
- The fabric according to the invention is a textile material of any type, such as woven materials, knitted materials, warp-knitted materials, non-woven materials, and their mixtures. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is a rollable fabric. Preferably the fabric is a sheet stocked as a roll, that is to say a structure of low thickness with respect to the other two dimensions of the material. As an example, the thickness can be limited to about. 0.1 to 5 mm, for rolls of about 1 m to 6 m width and a weight from about 30 g/m2 to about 800 m2. The rolls are assembled when constructing the façade elements typically by welding them along their lengths in particular by High Frequency (HF) welding.
- In any case, the fabric can be a mesh fabric or a plain fabric, depending mainly on its final use. The mesh fabric is particularly suitable for a use in outer advertising, for example as building wrap of reduced load.
- According to an embodiment, the fabric is a textile-based substrate comprising fibers chosen from the group consisting of polyester, polyamide, polyacrylic, polyethylene, polypropylene, glass, wool, cotton, rayon, linen, bamboo, carbon, steel, copper, and aramide fibers and their mixtures. For example, the polyester can be polyether-terephthalate.
- According to the invention, the term "fiber" includes both staple fibers and filaments. According to one embodiment, the fabric originates from recycled grades (such as recycled polyester from bottle chips) or from renewable resources (such as bamboo, cotton...).
- According to a preferred embodiment, the PVB coating layer further comprises at least one mineral flame retardant, the mineral flame retardant being present in an amount of 0 to 40%, preferably 20 to 40%, by weight with respect to the coating layer. The flame retardant is preferably chosen from aluminum trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate, and their mixtures. More preferably, the mineral flame retardant is aluminum trihydrate.
- The CAS number of aluminum trihydrate (or ATH) (or hydrated alumina or aluminum (III) hydroxide or aluminum trihydroxide) is 21645-51-2.
- The CAS number of magnesium hydroxide (or magnesium hydroxide or milk of magnesia) is 1309-42-8.
- The CAS number of zinc borate differs according to the zinc/boron ratio and the water content. The usual zinc borate has CAS number 12767-90-7. All the variants of zinc borate are also encompassed according to the invention.
- According to a preferred embodiment, the plasticizer of the PVB coating layer is present in an amount of 5 to 25% by weight of the coating layer.
- The plasticizer can be present in the PVB as raw material, if the PVB originates from recycled PVB waste. In this case, preferably, the plasticizer originates from recycled PVB waste. Actually, recycled PVB waste typically comprises around one third to one fourth of plasticizer.
- The plasticizer can be chosen from phosphate-based compounds such as triarylphosphates.
- More generally, the plasticizer is preferably chosen from triethylene glycol (CAS number 112-27-6), triethylene glycol di(2-ethylhexoate) (also known as triethylene glycol bis (2-ethyl hexanoate or 2,2'-ethylenedioxydiethyl bis(2-ethylhexanoate, CAS number 94-28-0), alkyl phthalate (such as di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, CAS number 117-81-7), dibutyl maleate (CAS 105-76-0), dibutyl adipate (CAS number 105-99-7), dibutyl sebacate (CAS number 109-43-3), tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (CAS number 78-42-2), 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (CAS 1241-94-7), triphenyl phosphate (CAS number 115-86-6), and their mixtures.
- The weight ratio (PVB + plasticizer) on antimony trioxide is generally from 2:1 to 10:1, preferably from 3:1 to 9:1.
- The weight ratio (PVB + plasticizer) on (antimony trioxide + halogenated organic compound) is generally from 0.5:1 to 5:1, preferably from 0.8:1 to 4:1.
- According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the PVB of the PVB coating layer is partially crosslinked, which means that it still has remaining thermoplastic properties. The skilled person is capable to adapt the crosslinking ratio according to the needs thereof. Typically, this crosslinking has been obtained when a crosslinker, preferably chosen from blocked isocyanate water-compatible compounds, was present in the compositions before its manufacture e.g. by curing. Generally, the crosslinker is no more present in the PVB coating layer.
- Generally, when the composite material is to be used outdoor, the PVB coating layer preferably further comprises at least one compound chosen from UV filters, UV absorbers, UV stabilizers and their mixtures. The UV filters can be chosen from liquid cyanoacrylates UV absorbers, 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylates (such as one of the commercial products Uvinul 3039, UV-3039 and Omnistab UV 3039) and their mixtures. The UV absorbers can be chosen from benzotriazoles like the one of CAS number 3896-11-5 (such as one of the commercial products Comax UV-126, Riasorb UV-326, MPI UV-absorber 326 and Tinuvin 326). The UV stabilizers can be chosen from benzophenones like the one of CAS number 1843-05-6 (such as one of the commercial products Comax UV-181, Riasorb UV-531 and MPI UV-81 (531)).
- The composite material is generally compatible with usual pigments and inks used in digital and screen printing, including water based inks such as latex-inks or sublimations inks, solvent-based or mild-solvent based inks as well as UV-curable inks.
- The flame retardancy is measured according to the standard DIN 4102-1 May 1998. The composite material of the invention must at least pass the level B2, preferable the level B1.
- The flexibility is measured by the standard DIN EN ISO 32100. This standard describes the bally-flex test including a detailed description of the equipment to be used. For the examples, a Bally flexometer for 20000 cycles was used.
- The adhesion is measured according to the standard DIN 53357.
- The weldability is not measured according to a standard, as known to the skilled person, since the measurement depends on the machine which is used. The skilled person is capable to determine the conditions of use so that to know is the composite material can be considered weldable.
- The abrasion resistance is measured by a Martindale test. This test and the equipment is described in standard DIN EN ISO 12947.
- A second object of the invention is the manufacturing method of the flexible, flame-retardant composite material of the invention.
- The impregnation is usually carried out by coating the fabric with the water-based dispersion. The coating is usually carried out by deposit of a water-based dispersion on the fabric layer using for example knife coating or roller coating or padding technique. As already explained, the use of a water-based dispersion helps to use eco-responsible compounds. The water-based dispersion preferably does not comprise any halogen except from the one(s) in relation to the antimony trioxide.
- Preferably, the PVB originates from recycled PVB waste.
- The water-based dispersion comprises at least one crosslinker generally chosen from blocked isocyanates (such as one of the commercial products Imprafix 2794XP, Trixene BI2021 and Trixene BI201), isocyanates (such as one of the commercial products Desmodur DN and Easaqua XD 401),carbodiimides (such as one of the commercial products Desmodur XP 2802, Picassian XL-732, Picassian XL-702 and Picassian XL-725), and their mixtures, preferably blocked isocyanate. The amount of crosslinker in the water based dispersion is preferably from more than 0% and up to 20%, by weight based on the weight of the PVB polymer in the water based dispersion.
- According to a preferred embodiment, a drying step is carried out after the impregnation step and before the curing step. In practice, the curing step is generally carried out in an oven or the like, and the temperature rise in the oven to reach the curing temperature is carried out in the oven, which constitutes the drying step. The drying step is carried out as known to the skilled person, for example at 100°C in an oven.
- The invention and the benefits that flow from it will be clearer upon reading the following figures and examples, given to illustrate the invention and not to limit it in any way.
- The way of carrying out the invention as well as the advantages thereof will become apparent from the following description, made by way of non-limiting indication and with the aid of the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a flexible sheet constituting a first embodiment of the invention. -
Figure 2 is a perspective view of a flexible sheet constituting a second embodiment of the invention. -
Figure 3 is a cross section of a first apparatus for the manufacture of a flexible sheet according to the invention. -
Figure 4 is a cross section of a second apparatus for the manufacture of a flexible sheet according to the invention. -
Figure 5 is a cross section of a third apparatus for the manufacture of a flexible sheet according to the invention. - Identical numbers denote identical parts.
-
Figure 1 is a perspective view of aflexible sheet 1 constituting a first embodiment of the invention. Theflexible sheet 1 comprises afabric layer 11 coated on both sides by aPVB coating layer 10. -
Figure 2 is a perspective view of aflexible sheet 2 constituting a second embodiment of the invention. Theflexible sheet 2 comprises afabric layer 11 coated on both sides by aPVB coating layer 10, the side to be in contact with the outdoor atmosphere being further coated by a top-coat layer 12. This top-coat layer 12 is a clear coat. -
Figure 3 is a cross section of afirst apparatus 3 for the manufacture of aflexible sheet 39 according to the invention. Theapparatus 3 can typically be used for both mesh fabrics and plain fabrics, especially fabrics of large width. The arrows indicate the direction of circulation of the sheet. Afabric 29 is unwound from aroll 28, and further guided by rolls 33. The fabric is impregnated in abath 30 of liquid PVB present in acontainer 31. Twoscrapers 22remove excess 32 of PVB which fall down in the bath. Thecoated fabric 36 is then guided, optionally passed next to anozzle 20 which blows air by micro jets to clean the holes in thecoated fabric 36 if necessary (for example in the case of a mesh fabric if the holes of the mesh fabric are of dimension less than 5 mm), to anoven 25 which allows the drying and crosslinking and thus leads to obtaining theflexible sheet 29. -
Figure 4 is a cross section of asecond apparatus 4 for the manufacture of aflexible sheet 40 according to the invention. Theapparatus 4 can typically be used for mesh fabrics. The arrows indicate the direction of circulation of the sheet. Thefabric 29 is unwound from theroll 28, further impregnated in thebath 30 of liquid PVB present in thecontainer 31 and guided by thetransfer roll 42 which transfers the coating onto themesh fabric 29. The followingrollers 34 transfers the liquid coating between both sides of the mesh fabric back and forth and ensure an equal, uniform coating of both sides and the inner surface of the mesh fabric. Thecoated fabric 37 is then guided optionally passed next to anozzle 21 which blows air by micro jets to clean the holes in thecoated fabric 37 if necessary (for example if the holes of the mesh fabric are of dimension less than 3 mm), to anoven 26 which allows the drying and crosslinking and thus leads to obtaining theflexible sheet 40. -
Figure 5 is a cross section of athird apparatus 5 for the manufacture of aflexible sheet 41 according to the invention. Theapparatus 5 can typically be used for plain fabrics. The arrow indicates the direction of circulation of the sheet. Thefabric 29 is unwound from theroll 28, and theliquid PVB 30 is spread onto thefabric 29 using adoctor blade 24. During the knife coating step, thefabric 38 is stabilized by asupport roll 35. Afterwards it enters anoven 27 which allows the drying and crosslinking and thus leads to obtaining theflexible sheet 41. - 8 examples, among which 5 comparative examples and 3 examples according to the invention, were carried out.
- First, the components of the compositions of the 8 different PVB coating layers are summarized in Tables 1 and 1a below, and the related ratios in Table 2 below.
- These 8 compositions were used in a manufacturing corresponding the one disclosed in
Figure 3 , using the same fabric layer which is made of woven PES spun yarn and has a weight per area of about 125 g/m2. The drying was carried out for 1 minute at 80 °C followed by a cueing step for 2 minutes at 150°C. - The properties of the thus obtained composite materials were tested according to the standard, except weldability which was measured using a stationary high frequency (HF-) welding machine manufacturesd by Forsstrom, Sweden, model type Forsstrom XP 160. Pressure: 3,0 kg/cm2. Welding time: 6s. Welding current: 0,55 A. Cooling time: 8 seconds. The results are summarized in Table 3 below.
Table 1: composition (part on top of 100 parts of resin dispersion) Example n° 1 Comp 2 Inv 3 Comp 4 Comp 5 Comp 6 Inv 7 Comp 8 Inv Aqueous PVB dispersion (Shark dispersion SX1) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 UV filter (Univul 3039) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Crosslinker : blocked isocyanate (Imprafix 2794) 0 3 8 3 3 3 3 3 Mineral flame retardant: ATH powder (Alfrimal 104D) 50 50 50 50 50 50 0 0 Flame retardant component: comprising Br/Sb2O3, 1 part of Sb2O3 per 3 parts of brominated agent (Flacavon FH 9004/123) 40 40 40 0 20 50 0 60 White pigment TiO2 (Tubiprint weiss K90) 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 Where Comp means comparative and Inv means Invention Table 1a: composition (in % in the dried coating before curing) Example n° 1 Comp 2 Inv 3 Comp 4 Comp 5 Comp 6 Inv 7 Comp 8 Inv PVB 27 26.8 26.5 33.3 29.7 25.5 61.8 36.8 TEG-EH 8.5 8.5 8.4 10.5 9.4 8.1 19.5 11.6 UV filter 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.7 1.0 Crosslinker : blocked isocyanate 0 0.7 1.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 1.5 0.9 Mineral flame retardant: ATH 37.3 37.1 36.7 46.1 41.1 35.4 0 0 Sb2O3 4.9 4.9 4.8 0 2.7 5.8 0 10.1 brominated agent 14.8 14.7 14.5 0 8.1 17.5 0 30.3 TiO2 6.7 6.7 6.6 8.3 7.4 6.4 15.4 9.2 - It can be seen that examples 1 to 3 were carried out modifying only the content of crosslinker (blocked isocyanate, cells in bold), examples 3 to 6 were carried out modifying only the content of the flame retardant component (brominated organic compound + antimony trioxide, cells in bold), some ATH as mineral flame retardant being present, and examples 7 and 8 ware were carried out modifying only the content of the flame retardant component (brominated organic compound + antimony trioxide, cells in bold), no mineral flame retardant being present.
Table 2: ratios (Sb as Sb2O3, Br as the brominated organic compound) Example n° 1 Comp 2 Inv 3 Comp 4 Comp 5 Comp 6 Inv 7 Comp 8 Inv Ratio PVB on Sb 5.5:1 5.5:1 5.5:1 N/A 10.9:1 5.5:1 N/A 3.6:1 Ratio PVB on (Sb + Br) 1.4:1 1.4:1 1.4:1 N/A 2.7:1 1.4:1 N/A 0.9:1 Ratio (PVB + plasticizer) on Sb) 7.2:1 7.2:1 7.2:1 N/A 14.4:1 7.2:1 N/A 4.8:1 Ratio (PVB + plasticizer) on (Sb + Br) 1.8:1 1.8:1 1.8:1 N/A 3.6:1 1.8:1 N/A 1.2:1 Where Comp means comparative, Inv means Invention and N/A means Not Applicable or not defined (not calculable) Table 3: results of the tests Example n° 1 Comp 2 Inv 3 Comp 4 Comp 5 Comp 6 Inv 7 Comp 8 Inv HF weldability YES YES NO YES YES YES YES YES Flexibility FAIL PASS PASS Not tested Not tested PASS PASS PASS Fire retardancy, B2 PASS PASS PASS FAIL FAIL PASS FAIL PASS - It can be seen that examples 2, 6 and 8 according to the invention are the only examples fulfilling all the requirements.
-
Comp 1 shows a good weldability. However, due to the lack of crosslinker, the coating is not durable enough and shows not sufficient adhesion to the textile substrate. -
Comp 3 gives a very durable and still flexible coating and shows very good coating adhesion due to the high level of crosslinker. Therefore, it loses some of its thermoplastic properties. As a result, it cannot be welded anymore, which is a disadvantage for a coated fabric. -
Comp 4 demonstrates that even a high load of a mineral flame retardant like ATH is not sufficient in order to get the desired flame retardancy properties. Even in combination with a moderate amount of antimony trioxide/halogen (Ratio PVB on Sb2O3: >10:1), a high ATH loading is not sufficient (Comp 5). If the ratio PVB on Sb2O3 is <10:1 whilst ATH is present, the flame retardant properties are in line with the requirements (Inv 6). If the mineral flam retardant is omitted, a low ratio of PVB on Sb2O3 is necessary to pass the flame retardancy requirements (Inv 8).
Claims (15)
- A flexible, flame-retardant composite material comprising:- a fabric layer; and- at least one impregnated or coated Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) coating layer, which is integral with said fabric layer; the PVB coating layer containing 20 to 60% by weight of PVB, at least one plasticizer in an amount of 5 to 40% by weight of the coating layer, and a mixture of antimony trioxide Sb2O3 and at least one halogenated organic compound as flame retardant in a total amount of 5 to 45% by weight with respect to the coating layer, and in a ratio of 0.1 to 5 part of antimony trioxide Sb2O3 per part of halogenated organic compound.
- The flexible, flame retardant composite material according to claim 1, wherein said material is a rollable fabric.
- The flexible, flame retardant composite material according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the fabric is a mesh fabric or a plain fabric.
- The flexible, flame retardant composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fabric is a textile-based substrate comprising fibers chosen from the group consisting of polyester, polyamide, polyacrylic, polyethylene, polypropylene, glass, wool, cotton, rayon, linen, bamboo, carbon, steel, copper, and aramid fibers and their mixtures.
- The flexible, flame retardant composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the PVB coating layer further comprises at least one mineral flame retardant, the mineral flame retardant being present in an amount of 0 to 40% by weight with respect to the coating layer, the flame retardant being preferably chosen from aluminum trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate and their mixtures.
- The flexible, flame retardant composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the plasticizer is present in an amount of 5 to 25% with respect to the coating layer.
- The flexible, flame retardant composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the plasticizer originates from recycled PVB waste.
- The flexible, flame retardant composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the plasticizer is chosen from triethylene glycol, triethylene glycol di(2-ethylhexoate), alkyl phthalate, dibutyl maleate, dibutyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate, tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, and their mixtures.
- The flexible, flame retardant composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the PVB of the PVB coating layer is partially crosslinked.
- The flexible, flame retardant composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the PVB coating layer at least one compound chosen from UV filters, UV absorbers, UV stabilizers and their mixtures.
- The flexible, flame retardant composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the fabric originates from recycled grades or from renewable resources.
- A manufacturing method for forming the flexible, flame retardant composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein said method comprises:- Providing a fabric layer,- Providing at least one water-based dispersion of PVB containing the PVB, the plasticizer, at least one crosslinker, and the mixture of antimony trioxide and halogenated organic compound;- Impregnating or coating at least one side of the fabric layer with the water-based dispersion of PVB;- Curing the thus impregnated or coated fabric at a temperature of 100 to 180°C.
- The manufacturing method according to claim 12, wherein the PVB originates from recycled PVB waste.
- The manufacturing method according to claim 12 or claim 13, wherein a drying step is carried out after the impregnation step and before the curing step.
- The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the crosslinker is chosen from blocked isocyanates, isocyanates, carbodiimides and their mixtures, and is present in an amount from more than 0% up to 20% by weight based on the weight of the PVB polymer in the water based dispersion.
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EP21306185.6A EP4141167A1 (en) | 2021-08-31 | 2021-08-31 | Flexible, flame-retardant composite material |
CN202280058207.7A CN117881844A (en) | 2021-08-31 | 2022-08-31 | Flexible flame retardant composite material |
PCT/EP2022/074216 WO2023031282A1 (en) | 2021-08-31 | 2022-08-31 | Flexible, flame-retardant composite material |
EP22769993.1A EP4396404A1 (en) | 2021-08-31 | 2022-08-31 | Flexible, flame-retardant composite material |
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EP21306185.6A EP4141167A1 (en) | 2021-08-31 | 2021-08-31 | Flexible, flame-retardant composite material |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US7666802B2 (en) * | 2008-01-15 | 2010-02-23 | Brookwood Companies, Inc. | Breathable, fire resistant fabric having liquid barrier and water-repellant properties |
US20170043558A1 (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2017-02-16 | Lg Hausys, Ltd. | A flame retardant flooring material and method of manufacturing the same |
TWM601254U (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-11 | 林俊偉 | Synthetic leather |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20050249912A1 (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2005-11-10 | C&A Floorcoverings, Inc. | Floor covering containing polyvinyl butyral and method of making same |
KR20210011947A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2021-02-02 | 쇼 인더스트리즈 그룹, 인코포레이티드 | Carpet composition with laminated film backing and method of manufacturing same |
-
2021
- 2021-08-31 EP EP21306185.6A patent/EP4141167A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2022
- 2022-08-31 CN CN202280058207.7A patent/CN117881844A/en active Pending
- 2022-08-31 WO PCT/EP2022/074216 patent/WO2023031282A1/en active Application Filing
- 2022-08-31 EP EP22769993.1A patent/EP4396404A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7666802B2 (en) * | 2008-01-15 | 2010-02-23 | Brookwood Companies, Inc. | Breathable, fire resistant fabric having liquid barrier and water-repellant properties |
US20170043558A1 (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2017-02-16 | Lg Hausys, Ltd. | A flame retardant flooring material and method of manufacturing the same |
TWM601254U (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-11 | 林俊偉 | Synthetic leather |
EP3929351A1 (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2021-12-29 | Chun Wei Lin | Synthetic leather |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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CAS , no. 915977-69-4 |
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