EP4134609A1 - Générateur de vapeur - Google Patents

Générateur de vapeur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4134609A1
EP4134609A1 EP21190535.1A EP21190535A EP4134609A1 EP 4134609 A1 EP4134609 A1 EP 4134609A1 EP 21190535 A EP21190535 A EP 21190535A EP 4134609 A1 EP4134609 A1 EP 4134609A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchange
housing
steam generator
exchange element
flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21190535.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Robert Duschl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RD Estate GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
RD Estate GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RD Estate GmbH and Co KG filed Critical RD Estate GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP21190535.1A priority Critical patent/EP4134609A1/fr
Publication of EP4134609A1 publication Critical patent/EP4134609A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B15/00—Water-tube boilers of horizontal type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged horizontally
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/22—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes of form other than straight or substantially straight
    • F22B21/24—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes of form other than straight or substantially straight bent in serpentine or sinuous form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D7/0083—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to a supplementary heat exchange medium, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent units arranged in common flow of supplementary heat exchange medium
    • F28D7/0091—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to a supplementary heat exchange medium, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent units arranged in common flow of supplementary heat exchange medium the supplementary medium flowing in series through the units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D7/082—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag with serpentine or zig-zag configuration
    • F28D7/085—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag with serpentine or zig-zag configuration in the form of parallel conduits coupled by bent portions
    • F28D7/087—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag with serpentine or zig-zag configuration in the form of parallel conduits coupled by bent portions assembled in arrays, each array being arranged in the same plane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F28D2020/0047—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material using molten salts or liquid metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0061—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for phase-change applications
    • F28D2021/0064—Vaporizers, e.g. evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a steam generator for generating steam for power generation, for example by means of a steam engine or a steam turbine.
  • the steam generator can be connected to a biomass furnace, biogas plant or a pellet heater, for example.
  • Steam generators are generally used to generate steam. These steam generators usually have a combustion chamber (the furnace) in which fuel is heated or burned to generate heat. Alternatively, the still hot exhaust gas from a biogas plant can be used to provide the required heat. This heat in the form of a heat transfer medium is guided past a heat exchanger, for example, in order to evaporate water flowing in the heat exchanger. The water vapor thus generated can then be used to generate energy, for example in a steam engine.
  • each tube winding comprising an alternating sequence of tube sections and tube bends and the tube bends being designed as deflections by 180° with respect to an associated bend axis and having the same bending radii , out.
  • This tube bundle heat exchanger is characterized in that along each tube winding the arc axes of tube bends which are connected to the same tube section are at an angle to one another and the arc axes of tube bends between which a tube section, a tube bend and another tube section are arranged in direct succession, run parallel.
  • the efficiency in this case depends strongly on the distance of the tube bundle heat exchanger to the housing and strongly on the flow type of the heat exchange fluid in the tube bundles to the thermal energy generated by fuel. This means that wall losses that are generated by a flow past between the shell-and-tube heat exchanger and a surrounding housing without the heat exchanger being flowed through cannot be prevented in such a configuration. Thus, the heat exchange efficiency is not optimal.
  • the DE 20 2007 017 403 U1 discloses a tube bundle heat exchanger, in particular for the heat exchange from heating gas to heating water or drinking water, the tube bundle heat exchanger having a water space through which a heating water flow or drinking water flow can flow and a water space of having a heating gas flow through which the heating gas space can flow.
  • the heating gas pipes forming the heating gas can be flown through in parallel or in series.
  • the steam generator has a housing, a first heat exchange element arranged in the housing and through which a heat exchange fluid can flow, and at least one second heat exchange element arranged in the housing through which water can flow to generate steam.
  • the heat exchange fluid can be the waste heat originating from a biomass furnace, biogas plant or a pellet heating system, which can flow through the first heat exchange element and thus through the steam generator.
  • the second heat exchange element is water, corresponding to steam generation.
  • a heat transfer medium is further disposed within the hollow housing for transferring heat from the heat exchange fluid flowing through the first heat exchange element to the water flowing through the second heat exchange element to generate steam.
  • the heat transfer medium is a salt bath.
  • the steam generator is able to exchange heat.
  • pressures between 50 and 800 bar, preferably 30 to 500 bar, particularly preferably 30 to 180 bar, but also low pressures between four and ten bar steam pressure can be generated.
  • the salt is crystalline in the idle state and is liquefied by being heated with or via the first heat exchange element, through which the heat exchange fluid can flow, so that the molten salt is heated by the heat exchange fluid and the salt is thus heated liquefied and absorbing energy.
  • the salt bath acts as a liquid salt, such as a molten nitrate, and thus improves heat transfer from the heat exchange fluid to the water.
  • a particularly flexible system can be realized, which can generate steam pressure of up to 800 bar at a wide variety of pressures, but also a particularly reliable steam generator can be achieved.
  • the heat exchange fluid can flow through the first heat exchange element in a first flow direction from an inlet of the housing to an outlet of the housing.
  • the first direction of flow corresponds to a direction of flow of the heat exchange fluid through the heat exchanger arranged in the housing. If, for example, the housing has an elongated shape, this first direction of flow corresponds to a longitudinal extension of the housing.
  • the heat exchange fluid can be, for example, a combustion gas from the combustion of a fuel, for example in the form of undried, low-grade biomass, in a combustion chamber of an already known moving grate furnace or the exhaust gas of a biogas plant. This means that electricity can be generated from residues.
  • different temperature ranges can occur in the steam generator.
  • the heat exchange fluid also known as heating fluid
  • this is usually between 600°C and 1000°C, preferably 900°C.
  • temperatures of 450° C. to 500° C., preferably 470° C. usually occur in the steam generator.
  • Salts can also be used which already at 130°C - 150°C change from a crystalline to a liquid state of aggregation, ie an operating state.
  • the flexibility of the steam generator is particularly advantageous here, and the generation of the desired steam pressure is particularly easy to control.
  • pressures of seven bar can be used (e.g. for the food industry) and shortly thereafter, by increasing the flow rate, pressures of up to 800 bar can be generated without the need for other, additional or different resistant materials, configurations or Configurations must be provided.
  • a particularly flexible device for generating steam that can be used multiple times can thus be provided with just one compact device and one housing.
  • the heat exchange fluid can be flue gas.
  • the generation of steam is independent of the heat source.
  • the heat exchange fluid can not only be present as flue gas through the combustion of biomass, but the heat exchange fluid can also be generated, for example, through the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas. This heat exchange fluid can then flow analogous to flue gas through the first heat exchange element.
  • the first heat exchange element can have a multiplicity of tubes which extend along the first flow direction.
  • the heat exchange fluid for example flue gas
  • the housing may enter the housing at an inlet through the plurality of tubes and flow through the housing through the tubes, preferably straight tubes, along the first flow direction.
  • the housing has a plurality of tubes through which the heat exchange fluid flows.
  • the surface area for heat transfer to the heat transfer medium and thus to the water in the second heat exchange elements is increased and reliable shielding of the heat exchange fluid from the salt bath is ensured. This reduces or prevents ignitability in the event of leaks or the like and thus increases the (long-term) operational reliability of the steam generator.
  • the water can flow through the second heat exchange element in a second flow direction.
  • the first flow direction and the second flow direction can run essentially perpendicularly or essentially parallel to one another.
  • the second flow direction corresponds to a flow direction of the water through the housing.
  • the plurality of tubes of the first heat exchange element may extend from the inlet of the housing to the outlet housing of the housing.
  • the second heat exchange element also extends from an inlet to an outlet of the housing essentially parallel to the plurality of tubes of the heat exchange element.
  • substantially is to be understood here in such a way that, for example, turns, windings or the like, which are used to enable a maximum tube length of the second heat exchange element in the housing, are not used when evaluating the parallelism and/or perpendicular arrangement the first direction of flow and the second direction of flow should be taken into account in relation to one another.
  • the second heat exchange element can have a plurality of tube windings, such that the second heat exchange element extends essentially perpendicularly or essentially parallel to the first flow direction from the inlet of the housing to the outlet of the housing.
  • the tubes of the first heat exchange element described above can extend along this longitudinal direction and the second heat exchange element can have a tube which has a plurality of tube windings .
  • a large surface area of the second heat exchange element can thus be achieved, and thus a large surface area can be provided for heat transfer.
  • This pipeline of the second heat exchange element can be essentially parallel to the extension of the housing, ie for example mostly horizontally through the box-like housing described as an example, or in the Substantially perpendicular to the extension of the housing, so for example mostly extend vertically through the box-like housing described as an example.
  • the second heat exchange element can have a plurality of U-shaped tube coils.
  • the tube of the second heat exchange element can run essentially in a parallel direction to the plurality of tubes of the first heat exchange element will be realized.
  • the pipe can be “snaked” as frequently as possible from the inlet to the outlet and from this outlet back to the inlet and back again from the inlet to the outlet, etc.
  • the tube of the second heat exchange element achieves as many windings as possible from the inlet to the outlet of the housing with the U-shaped tube windings with a predominant extension in the vertical direction.
  • the second heat exchange element may comprise a plurality of tube coils extending in circles or in a helical configuration.
  • the plurality of tube coils extending in circles or helices can lie in the salt bath located in the housing and due to the circular shape or helix shape maximize the surface area of the second heat exchange element, e.g. a tube through which water flows, and thus the heat transfer from the allow first heat exchange element on the salt bath or directly on the second heat exchange element.
  • the second heat exchange element e.g. a tube through which water flows
  • the second heat exchange element may include a plurality of helical coils of tubing such that the second heat exchange element extends substantially perpendicularly or substantially parallel to the first flow direction from the inlet of the housing to the outlet of the housing.
  • the helical tube windings are arranged helically between or around the tubes.
  • the tubes extending from the inlet of the housing to the outlet of the housing through which the heat exchange fluid, e.g. flue gas, passes may be directly wrapped by the tube coils or may have the tube coils between the tubes.
  • both the first heat exchange element and the second heat exchange element are completely surrounded by the salt bath.
  • the second heat exchange element can be located between the tubes in the housing extend.
  • the tubes of the first heat exchange element can extend from the inlet of the housing to the outlet of the housing and have tube windings of the second heat exchange element arranged therein, for example in the vertical and/or horizontal direction in the interstices thereof. This enables an arrangement that is as compact as possible with a maximum heat exchange surface at the same time.
  • the second heat exchange element can be arranged in the housing in such a way that it contacts the first heat exchange element at at least one point, preferably at a plurality of points in the housing.
  • Such a configuration enables not only the heat transfer from the first heat exchange element to the salt bath and from the salt bath to the second heat exchange element (i.e. an indirect heat transfer by means of the salt bath heat storage medium), but also the most direct possible heat transfer from the first to the second heat exchange element can be made possible. This increases the efficiency of heat transfer.
  • a multiplicity of second heat exchange elements can preferably be arranged in the housing.
  • the salt bath serves as a heat transfer medium and can also store thermal energy.
  • a large number of steam pressures can thus be generated simultaneously in the steam generator with the same heat transfer medium and independently of its temperature or the combusted material with the same arrangement be generated.
  • Such a configuration is particularly advantageous since it allows a large number of vapor pressures to be generated with the same compact configuration—and without the structure of the system having to be changed in the process.
  • the steam generator can also have at least one pump which is arranged in the housing and is designed to circulate the salt bath.
  • the steam generator can be divided into several segments along the first flow direction.
  • the segments are connected to one another in such a way that the heat exchange fluid can flow through the segments from the inlet of the housing to the outlet of the housing along the first flow direction.
  • each segment of the housing can be at least a second heat exchange element can be provided and the second heat exchange elements in the segments of the housing are connected to one another in a fluid-tight manner.
  • this configuration is to be understood in such a way that the heat transfer medium can flow through each segment along the first flow direction, for example through a large number of tubes, and in each of these segments heat is transferred to a second heat exchange element for generating steam by means of the salt bath.
  • the number of tubes of the first heat exchange element in a first segment does not have to correspond to the number of tubes in a further segment. Rather, this configuration is to be understood such that a heat exchange fluid flow can be realized through all segments along the first flow direction, but more tubes can be provided in a particularly hot area/segment than in an area with a lower temperature. It is therefore sufficient that the incoming heat exchange fluid can flow through the housing with the multiple segments.
  • the heat exchange elements provided in each segment have different configurations.
  • a second heat exchange element in a first segment of the housing can have U-shaped tube windings, whereas a second heat exchange element can be configured in a helical shape in a further segment of the housing.
  • the tube windings There are no limitations with regard to the variation of the tube windings, as long as there is at least one overall tube through which the water for steam generation can flow within the housing.
  • a large number of second heat exchange elements can also be provided in one or more segments of the housing. This means that configurations are also possible in which a first, second heat exchange element flows through several segments of the housing for heat exchange, while a second, second heat exchange element flows through only a single segment of the housing in order to also generate steam in a second tube.
  • the steam generator can be designed in such a way that the water can first flow through the last segment in the first flow direction and then through the first segment in the first flow.
  • a pure countercurrent can be generated, i.e. the heat exchange fluid flows from an inlet of the housing to an outlet of the housing, whereas the water for generating steam flows "from the back to the front", i.e. from an outlet to an inlet of the housing .
  • the water can thus be preheated at the coldest point, that is to say when it enters the last segment of the housing, in order then to be flown into a front part of the housing of the steam generator for overheating.
  • the segments can be connected to one another in such a way that a flow of oxidizable material contained in the heat exchange fluid from one segment into another segment along the first flow can be prevented.
  • oxidizable material can be understood, for example, as residues from biomass combustion, which are transported, for example, in the flue gas.
  • grids or the like can be provided so that the oxidizable material cannot flow from segment to segment.
  • Such a configuration can preferably also be provided in front of the first segment in a first flow direction, so that the oxidizable material contained in the heat exchange fluid can be prevented from entering the housing.
  • the salt bath can contain a nitrate salt.
  • At least two different salt baths can be provided in the segments, which are stored separately from one another in the segments.
  • a salt bath can be used that is as efficient as possible and adapted to the temperatures prevailing in the respective segments.
  • a salt bath in a first segment along the first direction of flow, can be used which is operated at a salt temperature of 350°C to 550°C, whereas a second salt bath in a further segment along the first direction of flow at a specific salt bath temperature from 150°C to 400°C without becoming crystalline or thermally decomposing.
  • the salt bath may contain potassium sodium nitrate.
  • the salt bath in the last segment in the first flow direction can have potassium sodium calcium nitrate and the salt bath in at least one further segment can have potassium sodium nitrate.
  • the potassium-sodium-calcium nitrate provided in the last segment liquefies at lower temperatures and can therefore efficiently store and transfer heat
  • the potassium-sodium nitrate provided in the at least one other segment is particularly temperature-stable and thus for efficient heat transfer and heat storage suitable for overheating.
  • the potassium-sodium-calcium nitrate in the last segment can be operated at a specific salt bath temperature of 150 °C to 400 °C, whereas the potassium-sodium nitrate in at least one further segment at a correct salt bath temperature of 350 °C to 550°C can be operated.
  • the salt bath allows a high heat transfer at different temperatures and also has a "high forgiving" with regard to temperature fluctuations and fluctuating energy contents.
  • the salt bath enables high heat homogeneity and can thus counteract the problems described above of the different steam temperatures and the variable energy content of the biomass used, for example.
  • Steam generator 1 shown comprises a housing 2 in which a first heat exchange element 3 and a second heat exchange element 4 are arranged.
  • a heat exchange fluid can flow through the first heat exchange element 3 .
  • flue gas produced by biomass combustion is used as an example of such a heat exchange fluid.
  • Another example of such a heat exchange fluid would be the waste heat from a biogas plant.
  • the flue gas is fed to the steam generator 1 via a funnel 13 .
  • the housing 2 of the steam generator 1 has an inlet 6 to which the funnel 13 is connected, and an outlet 7 . Accordingly, the flue gas can flow through the housing 2 from the inlet 6 to the outlet 7 .
  • this direction of flow is referred to as “first direction of flow 5”. That is, the flue gas flows through the housing 2 along the first flow direction 5 from the inlet 6 to the outlet 7 of the housing 2.
  • the first heat exchange element 3 has a multiplicity of tubes 8 which extend along the direction in which the housing 2 extends, ie from the inlet 6 to the outlet 7 of the housing 2 .
  • the housing 2 has a “box-like” design, that is to say it extends essentially along a depth direction of the housing 2 and has a rectangular cross section.
  • the width and/or height and the depth of the housing 2 are not limiting for steam generation and can be configured according to space requirements and/or desired configurations.
  • the first flow direction 5 corresponds to the longitudinal extent of the housing 2.
  • the water in the second heat exchange element 4 is heated by the flue gas flowing from the first heat exchange element 3 or the flue gas flowing therein and is thus brought from a liquid state to a vapor state.
  • This steam can then be used to generate electricity, for example.
  • the current can be used in a steam engine and/or a steam turbine, which are fed with the generated steam.
  • the second heat exchange element 4 is designed as a single tube 8 which extends through the housing 2 of the steam generator 1 with windings.
  • second flow direction 9 the flow direction of the water in the second heat exchange element 4.
  • the second heat exchange element 4 in the form of a tube 8 has a multiplicity of tube windings 10 .
  • These tube windings 10 are, as in figure 2 recognizable, arranged in the housing 2 in such a way that the second heat exchange element 4 extends essentially perpendicularly to the first flow direction 5 from the inlet 6 of the housing 2 to the outlet 7 of the housing 2 and with U-shaped tube winding sections along the largest possible tube length and thus tube surface its extension from the inlet 6 to the outlet 7 of the housing 2 is achieved.
  • the tube 8 of the second heat exchange element 4 has a large number of tube sections running vertically in the embodiment shown, so that the U-shaped Tube coil sections connected tube coils 10 extend substantially perpendicular to the first flow direction 5 from the inlet 6 to the outlet 7 of the housing 2.
  • first direction of flow 5 and the second direction of flow 9 may run essentially parallel to one another.
  • the shape of the U-shaped tube windings 10 (cf. figure 2 ) not limited to this.
  • the second heat exchange element 4 can have a multiplicity of tube windings 10 extending in circles or in the shape of a snail.
  • the second heat exchange element 4 has a plurality of helical tube windings 10, which extend substantially perpendicularly or parallel to the first flow direction 5 from the inlet 6 to the outlet 7 of the housing 2 and between the tubes 8 or around them helically.
  • figure 1 also illustrates that the second heat exchange element 4 with the U-shaped tube windings 10 extends between the tubes 8 in the housing 2 .
  • the first flow direction 5 runs essentially along a horizontal direction
  • the second flow direction 9 runs essentially vertically.
  • the second heat exchange element 4 extends along several levels in a width direction, because the tube windings 10 of the second heat exchange element 4 extend essentially perpendicularly to the first flow direction 5. Detached from this, however, it is also possible for the tube windings 10 of the second heat exchange element 4 to along a vertical direction in different planes in a height direction of the casing 2 between the tubes 8 of the first heat exchange element 3 or a mixture thereof inside the casing 2 between the tubes 8 of the first heat exchange element 3 .
  • the second heat exchange element 4 is arranged in the housing 2 in such a way that it contacts the first heat exchange element 3 in the housing 2 .
  • the embodiment shown in the figures is also divided along the first flow direction 5 into a plurality of segments 11, 12, two segments 11, 12 here by way of example. However, using more than two segments 11, 12 is also conceivable without problems.
  • the segments 11, 12 are connected to one another in such a way that the flue gas can flow along the first flow direction 5 through the segments 11, 12 from the inlet 6 to the outlet 7 of the housing 2 and in each segment 11, 12 of the housing 2 at least one second heat exchange element 4 is provided.
  • a connecting pipe 14 is provided between the two second heat exchange elements 4 in the segments 11, 12 of the housing 2, so that the second heat exchange elements 4 are connected to one another in a fluid-tight manner and water can flow through the entire housing 2 to generate steam.
  • the steam generator 1 it is also possible that not only a single second heat exchange element 4 is provided in each segment 11, 12 of the housing 2 and/or that a plurality of segments 11, 12 have to be provided at all. In a further embodiment that is not shown, it is also possible for the steam generator 1 to have only a single segment with a first heat exchange element 3 and a second heat exchange element 4 .
  • the water as in figure 1 and figure 2 shown, first flowed through the last segment 11 in the first flow direction 5 and then flowed through the first segment 12 in the first flow direction 5 .
  • the water can first be preheated and then overheated. This means that the water enters the steam generator 1 on an outlet side of the housing 2, flows against the first flow direction 5 of the flue gas in the last segment 11 in the first flow direction 5 and is then conveyed via the connecting pipe 14 to an inlet side of the first segment 12 in flows in a flow direction of the housing 2 (see figure 2 ).
  • a heat transfer medium is arranged in the housing 2 in order to transfer heat from the heat exchange fluid (here flue gas) flowing through the first heat exchange element 3 to the water flowing through the second heat exchange element 4 in order to generate steam.
  • the heat transfer medium is a salt bath covering the first heat exchange element 3 and the second heat exchange element 4 .
  • At least one pump can be arranged in the housing 2, which is designed to circulate this salt bath in order to thus increase forced convection.
  • the segments 11, 12 are connected to one another in such a way that a flow of oxidizable material contained in the heat exchange fluid, which upon contact with the salt bath, for example in the event of a leak, from one segment 12 can be prevented in a further segment 11 along the first flow direction 5.
  • This can be done, for example, via a lattice arrangement, not shown, which prevents the entry of flammable material into one of the segments 11, 12.
  • this salt bath can be filled into the housing 2 via the inlet connection 15 .
  • the salt bath fills the gaps between the first heat exchange element 3 and the second heat exchange element 4 in the housing 2 and can fill it completely. Accordingly, this salt bath can serve as a heat transfer medium and energy store in order to increase the homogeneity of the energy transfer.
  • the salt bath can contain a nitrate salt, in particular a potassium sodium nitrate.
  • At least two different salt baths can be provided in the respective segments 11, 12 separately from each other.
  • a suitable nitrate salt can thus be used, adapted to the prevailing temperatures in the corresponding segments 11, 12 of the housing 2.
  • the use of potassium-sodium-calcium nitrate salt in the last segment 11 in the first flow direction 5 and potassium-sodium nitrate in at least one further segment 12 is particularly preferred.
  • the flue gas occurs as a heat exchange fluid over the Funnel 13 enters the housing 2 and flows through the tubes 8 of the first heat exchange element 3 along the first flow direction 5 to the outlet 7 of the housing 2.
  • the heat exchange fluid transfers the heat to the salt bath filling the casing 2 as a heat transfer medium and a heat storage medium. This arrangement then heats the water present in the pipes of the second heat exchange element 4 and thus generates steam.
  • problems due to fluctuating steam parameters which can be attributed, for example, to non-constant fuel or its calorific value, can be counteracted even at supercritical pressures of over 350 bar.
  • a tube 8 for seven bar steam, another tube 8 for 16 bar steam and a fourth tube 8 for high-pressure steam (e.g. 500 bar) for engines and turbines can be produced with the same device. This is controlled by the flow rate in the respective tubes 8 of the second heat exchange element 4 .
  • the potassium-sodium-calcium nitrate described in the last segment 11 in the first flow direction 5 serves as a so-called low-temperature salt and can be used or liquid up to 400° C. and thus serves as a preheater.
  • the potassium sodium nitrate provided in the at least one further segment 12 becomes liquid from about 200° C. and can be used up to a salt bath temperature of 550° C.
  • the net length of the tube 8 is significantly reduced relative to use without such a transfer medium.
  • Such a shortening of the tube reduces the pressure loss in the second heat exchange element 4 and, correspondingly, the pressure itself can in turn be controlled much better.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP21190535.1A 2021-08-10 2021-08-10 Générateur de vapeur Pending EP4134609A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21190535.1A EP4134609A1 (fr) 2021-08-10 2021-08-10 Générateur de vapeur

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21190535.1A EP4134609A1 (fr) 2021-08-10 2021-08-10 Générateur de vapeur

Publications (1)

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EP4134609A1 true EP4134609A1 (fr) 2023-02-15

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202007017403U1 (de) 2007-12-14 2009-04-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Rohrbündelwärmetauscher
US20110226780A1 (en) * 2010-03-16 2011-09-22 Bell Independent Power Corporation Energy storage vessel, systems, and methods
EP2369288A1 (fr) * 2010-03-11 2011-09-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système de transfert d'énergie comportant un matériau de changement de phase
US20120067551A1 (en) * 2010-09-20 2012-03-22 California Institute Of Technology Thermal energy storage using supercritical fluids
DE102010046804A1 (de) 2010-09-28 2012-03-29 Voith Patent Gmbh Rohrbündel-Wärmetauscher
WO2013097031A2 (fr) * 2011-12-29 2013-07-04 7837003 Canada Inc. Extraction à partir de grands systèmes d'accumulation de chaleur mettant en œuvre des matériaux à changement de phase et des échangeurs de chaleur latente
EP3809084A1 (fr) * 2018-06-18 2021-04-21 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Accumulateur de chaleur, système d'accumulation de chaleur et procédé d'accumulation de chaleur

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202007017403U1 (de) 2007-12-14 2009-04-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Rohrbündelwärmetauscher
EP2369288A1 (fr) * 2010-03-11 2011-09-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système de transfert d'énergie comportant un matériau de changement de phase
US20110226780A1 (en) * 2010-03-16 2011-09-22 Bell Independent Power Corporation Energy storage vessel, systems, and methods
US20120067551A1 (en) * 2010-09-20 2012-03-22 California Institute Of Technology Thermal energy storage using supercritical fluids
DE102010046804A1 (de) 2010-09-28 2012-03-29 Voith Patent Gmbh Rohrbündel-Wärmetauscher
WO2013097031A2 (fr) * 2011-12-29 2013-07-04 7837003 Canada Inc. Extraction à partir de grands systèmes d'accumulation de chaleur mettant en œuvre des matériaux à changement de phase et des échangeurs de chaleur latente
EP3809084A1 (fr) * 2018-06-18 2021-04-21 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Accumulateur de chaleur, système d'accumulation de chaleur et procédé d'accumulation de chaleur

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