EP4124815A1 - Method for heat treating metallic semi-finished products and heat treatment system - Google Patents
Method for heat treating metallic semi-finished products and heat treatment system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4124815A1 EP4124815A1 EP22182082.2A EP22182082A EP4124815A1 EP 4124815 A1 EP4124815 A1 EP 4124815A1 EP 22182082 A EP22182082 A EP 22182082A EP 4124815 A1 EP4124815 A1 EP 4124815A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- semi
- finished products
- continuous furnace
- separating elements
- gripper
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
- F27D5/0006—Composite supporting structures
- F27D5/0018—Separating elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/767—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material with forced gas circulation; Reheating thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
- C21D9/0018—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces for charging, discharging or manipulation of charge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
- C21D9/0025—Supports; Baskets; Containers; Covers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0056—Furnaces through which the charge is moved in a horizontal straight path
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0075—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rods of limited length
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/02—Skids or tracks for heavy objects
- F27D3/022—Skids
- F27D3/024—Details of skids, e.g. riders
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the heat treatment of metallic semi-finished products, in particular elongated metallic semi-finished products, in particular made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, in particular homogenization treatment of cast semi-finished products, in which the metallic semi-finished products are moved by a transport device of a continuous furnace from an entry point along a transport direction running transport route up to an exit point and experience an increase in temperature during their passage at least over a first area of the transport route, with a plurality of the metallic semi-finished products being located on the transport route at the same time, as well as a heat treatment system designed for carrying out the method.
- the continuous furnace disclosed in this document has a walking beam conveyor as the transport device. from the inside 6 reproduced in the present application 1 of this document, in which a continuous furnace 7X for heating aluminum ingots 4X is shown in a schematic longitudinal section through the continuous furnace, walking beams 1X and fixed beams 2X are shown, which carry saddle-shaped ingot supports 3X for the aluminum ingots 4X.
- the aluminum ingots 4X are conveyed across a roller table 5X to the beams 1X, 2X through a furnace door 6X into the continuous furnace and then further conveyed by one conveying step of the walking beam conveyor before they are lowered by the walking beam onto the next row of ingot supports 3X of the fixed beams 2X be dropped off; be discontinued; be deducted; be dismissed.
- EP 1 223 398 A1 proposed that the 3X ingot supports have support pieces insertable into recesses for the 4X aluminum ingots.
- the invention is based on the object of further improving a heat treatment method of the type mentioned at the beginning with a continuous furnace, in particular with regard to greater flexibility in its integration into a process chain.
- This mounting and covering makes it possible, for example, to react to an increase in throughput of an upstream chain link of a process chain in a throughput-adjusting manner by also reacting to increase throughput with a given oven length, without changes in transport speed, temperature settings and/or length of the continuous oven otherwise required To have to make extent, since at a given transport speed, a larger number of semi-finished products per unit of time can be transported through the continuous furnace.
- Semi-finished products made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy are preferably treated, but the application can also relate to other metallic features.
- the field of application depends on the shape of the semi-finished product and could be in the production of forged bars or other areas in which the semi-finished products are heat-treated during transport.
- the continuous furnace is preferably a continuous homogenization furnace.
- a positioning for holding the weight during the passage is already given upon entry through the passage furnace and/or on exit from the passage furnace.
- the positioning for holding the weight can take place in a preparatory manner outside of the continuous furnace, in particular with the formation of semi-finished product groups, and does not load the continuous furnace itself.
- the weight is held by means of one or preferably several separating elements spaced apart in the transverse direction.
- the direction of gravity refers to a direction running transversely (in particular orthogonally) to the direction of transport and, in the case of elongated semi-finished products such as aluminum rods or aluminum bars, represents the direction in which they extend longitudinally.
- two or more semi-finished products are supported on two or more semi-finished products via a plurality of separating elements. Accordingly, a preferred minimum grouping size is formed by at least four semi-finished products. However, it would also be conceivable for only one semi-finished product to be supported on two semi-finished products via one or more separating elements.
- the type of transport device is not restricted in any particular way by the invention.
- the "walking beam” principle is particularly preferred, ie a walking beam conveyor.
- the movement increment of the discontinuous transport corresponds to a semi-finished product grouping coupled by the separating element or to a multiple thereof, in particular exactly to a coupled semi-finished product grouping.
- one semi-finished product is covered by more than 50%, preferably more than 75%, in particular more than 80%, by the other semi-finished product, and semi-finished products in particular lie completely on top of one another.
- the grouping is compacted in the transport direction and the achievable throughput is increased, in particular per movement increment or its length in the transport direction.
- the concealing semi-finished products extend along (in particular parallel) the concealed semi-finished products.
- the number of separating elements per grouping of semi-finished products will depend on the length (in the direction of extension) of the semi-finished products there is no more than 1 m distance between two separating elements.
- the distance between two separating elements in the transverse direction and/or their positioning in relation to the longitudinal extent of the semi-finished products is on transverse supports (on the one hand in the furnace by fixed and/or moving beams of the walking beam conveyor and/or in a cooling zone downstream of the continuous furnace) assigned adjusted.
- the continuous furnace could be designed in such a way that the semi-finished products are heated from entry to exit, but in a preferred design it is provided that a heating zone is first passed through in the continuous furnace, in particular with hot or Hot air streams, and then a holding zone is passed through in which the semi-finished products are kept at temperature in the atmosphere.
- Holding temperatures (in the material) for aluminum alloy examples can be within the usual temperature ranges used by those skilled in the art. In a specific exemplary embodiment, holding temperatures of between 520° and 560° were used, for other alloy types lower temperatures can sometimes also be sufficient. Depending on the type of heat treatment, the temperature ranges that can be professionally assigned to the respective materials (alloys) can be used.
- differences in temperature and/or structure between semi-finished products in a lower layer and Semi-finished products of a concealing layer are determined and recorded, and in particular made available to a control device of the system. From this data, which can be collected or made available in particular depending on the alloy and/or dimensioning, the control device can determine any necessary modifications compared to comparative values for purely single-layer charging, in particular with regard to cycle rate and/or temperature control of the heating device of the continuous furnace. It goes without saying that such a modification can also take place with manual participation, in particular an operator can enter corresponding correction inputs independently in the main program of the system as setting values.
- a diameter is greater than 30 mm, preferably greater than 35 mm, in particular greater than 40 mm.
- the movement increment of the continuous furnace in the transport direction includes an arrangement of 4 or more semi-finished products (calculated as a single layer) up to a maximum diameter of preferably at most 120, preferably at most 100 mm, in particular at most 80 mm and for diameters of more than these minimum values is based on an arrangement of two per movement increment (single layer).
- this extends up to a diameter range of at least 100 mm, more preferably at least 110 mm, in particular at least 120 mm, but on the other hand definitely to diameter values of approx. 240 mm, also 200 mm. can be limited in particular 160 mm.
- the temperature profile prevailing in the furnace and transferred to the semi-finished products will depend on the material (alloy) and the process.
- holding temperatures in the range of 480°C-600°C, preferably 520°C-580°C are aimed for, and the process is controlled in particular in such a way that the semi-finished products progress from the heating zone into the holding zone only takes place when the target temperature in the semi-finished products has been reached.
- the continuous furnace can be equipped with suitable temperature sensors.
- the manner in which the semi-finished products enter and exit the continuous furnace is not particularly restricted. In a preferred embodiment, however, it is provided that the entry and/or exit of the semi-finished products takes place transversely to the direction of transport in the continuous furnace.
- corresponding entry and exit doors can be provided on the continuous furnace, but their opening height is greater and is preferred is at least twice the height dimension of semi-finished products for which the continuous furnace is designed.
- a semi-finished product grouping coupled by separating elements is grouped via a composition device in that a first gripper device that can be positioned in at least a first direction is positioned in a first step at least two semi-finished products arranged in parallel, in a second step one along the first direction and a second gripper device that can be positioned in a second direction, a plurality of separating elements spaced apart from one another in the transverse direction are placed on the semi-finished products positioned in the first step, and in a third step further semi-finished products are placed by the first gripper device on the separating elements placed in the second step.
- grippers of the first gripper device can preferably also be moved in the direction of gravity (height direction), so that preferably at least two, in particular exactly two grippers, are able to lift or transport semi-finished products at different height levels.
- further separating elements can be placed on the semi-finished products placed in the third step in further steps, and further semi-finished products can be placed on these separating elements in a further step, etc.
- the invention not only allows two-layer, but also three- or multi-layer designs.
- both gripper devices takes place along the first direction on the same travel rails. This allows a constructive synergetic use and suitable positioning.
- the second gripper device removes the separating elements deposited in the second step from a first magazine which is moved along with it. In this way, time is saved by avoiding repetitive fetching movements.
- the second gripper device moves between the second step of a batch and the second step of a later batch into a reloading position and fills the first magazine with separating elements removed from a second magazine that is not moved.
- the second magazine can, but does not have to, be stationary, the "not moving" refers to a lack of movement coupling with the gripper device.
- a decomposition device is provided downstream of the continuous furnace, which separates the semi-finished products of a group of semi-finished products coupled by separating elements after they have exited the continuous furnace and, in particular, the separated semi-finished products are subjected to a quality control, in particular an ultrasonic test.
- a cooling zone is preferably provided between the ultrasonic test and the furnace outlet, which can serve as a buffer zone, and a buffer zone can also be arranged between the furnace charge and another upstream chain link of a process chain, for example a casting plant.
- An ultrasonic testing system preferably has at least two test heads that can be moved independently of one another, so that the throughput in the testing system can also be variably adjusted, at least in stages. Cooling in the cooling zone preferably takes place as a coupled group of semi-finished products.
- the object is achieved by a heat treatment system for carrying out a method according to one of the preceding aspects, with a continuous furnace that has a transport device and for the simultaneous passage of metallic semi-finished products with a dimension in the transport direction, a dimension in the transverse direction and a dimension in the vertical direction is designed, with the clear furnace height and its inlet and outlet openings having a height of at least twice the height of the semi-finished product, further with a plurality of separating elements and a composition device for forming a group of semi-finished products coupled in particular via a plurality of separating elements, in which at least one Semi-finished product of the grouping seen in projection orthogonally to the direction of gravity is at least partially covered by another semi-finished product of the grouping and the weight of the other semi-finished product is at least partially over one and/or one wide res semi-finished product of the grouping is held, and in which the semi-finished products of the grouping pass through the continuous furnace coupled.
- the invention provides an ensemble of several separating elements of a heat treatment system, in which the separating elements are in particular of the same design and in particular lower coupling surfaces for particularly overlying coupling to the upper side of at least two semi-finished products and upper coupling surfaces for coupling in particular at least one, preferably at least two semi-finished products with their undersides, as well as the provision of such an ensemble in a magazine within easy reach of the continuous furnace.
- the coupling surfaces define a seat that is designed for semi-finished products with different transverse dimensions (in particular diameters) within a diameter range.
- two coupling surfaces that are inclined towards one another relative to the horizontal can be used for each seat.
- An angle of inclination relative to the horizontal is preferably at least 15°, more preferably at least 20°, even more preferably at least 25° and in particular at least 30°.
- it is definitely preferable for the angle of inclination to be less than 65°, more preferably less than 55°, and in particular not to exceed 45°.
- a separating element has a plurality of planar metal sheets and in particular consists of them.
- a plurality of support plates can be arranged on two support plates running in one direction, which support plates run transversely to the support plates.
- the longitudinal dimension of the support plates will depend on the length of the semi-finished products in the direction transverse to the transport direction and could be, for example, in the range from 4 to 20 cm, preferably 6 to 16 cm, in particular 8 to 12 cm.
- Positioning openings in the carrier plate with a defined contour component can be provided as a positioning aid, preferably centrally in the direction of extension of the carrier plates, and/or additional gripper plates extending parallel to the support plates with a positioning opening.
- the support plates can have centering surfaces on their end sides for storing them in, for example, the magazines mentioned above.
- the support plates or other transverse plates could be attached to the carrier plates by press-fitting retaining projections of the carrier plates into retaining openings in the transverse plates (support plates), and/or by welding.
- other attachments familiar to those skilled in the art can also be used.
- the separating elements can be provided with identification markings, in particular also a binary code, which is implemented, for example, by holes within a predetermined binary field. In this configuration made of planar sheets, only sheet metal cutting steps and possibly welding steps are required in production, but it goes without saying that separating elements can also be designed using other methods, in particular shaping methods.
- the ratio of effective density and density of the carrier element is less than 1/3, preferably less than 1/4, in particular less than 1/5, the effective density of the carrier element being defined by its mass divided by a volume, which is given by the product of the width dimension of the separating element with its projected area orthogonal to the width direction.
- a heat-resistant steel material could be used as the material of the separating element; moreover, care must be taken to ensure that the required strength and rigidity at the given furnace temperatures is dimensioned sufficiently to carry the weights resting thereon without deforming. This could be achieved, for example, by appropriately adjusting the sheet thickness of the above-mentioned carrier sheets and/or supporting sheets.
- the sheet metal thickness of the carrier sheets is at least 4 mm, preferably at least 6 mm, in particular at least 8 mm.
- a sheet metal thickness of at least 1.6 mm, more preferably at least 2.0 mm, in particular at least 2.4 mm, is preferably provided for the support sheets to form the seat for the semi-finished products.
- the invention also provides a set of several such ensembles, with at least two ensembles of the set differing in terms of the number of their lower and/or upper coupling surfaces and/or in terms of the dimensioning and/or positioning of their upper and lower coupling surfaces.
- the invention also provides an assembly device of such a heat treatment system, with a first gripper device that can be positioned in a first direction and a second gripper device that can be positioned with respect to the first direction and a second direction, the second gripper device being designed to separate separating elements from an ensemble from a magazine that is moved along with it to be positioned spaced apart with respect to the second direction.
- This has in particular a control device which the composition device in particular fully automatically and in particular as a function of data which indicate the dimensions of the semi-finished products, in particular their diameter (or transverse dimension) and/or indicate throughputs from the chain link upstream of the heat treatment system in a process chain, in particular a casting plant.
- the invention also provides a subsystem of such a heat treatment system with a gripper of a first gripper device of such a composition device and a separating element of such an ensemble, in which the gripper has a gripper claw, the upward-facing side of which serves to support a metallic semi-finished product and the downward-facing side pointing side at the deepest point is a distance from the highest point of the free end of the gripper claw, seen in the direction of gravity, of less than the distance given by the semi-finished product distance-defining arrangement of lower and upper coupling surfaces of the separating element.
- this distance between the highest point of the free end of the gripper claw and the lowest point of the side pointing downwards is less than 16 mm, preferably less than 12 mm, in particular less than 8 mm.
- the material of the gripper claw is preferably a high-strength, heat-resistant material such as steel, in particular it is provided that this distance is less than 20%, preferably less than 15%, in particular than 10% of the average (arithmetic) diameter of the semi-finished ingots for which the grippers are designed are.
- the flexibility granted by the above-mentioned set of several ensembles of separating elements is procedurally protected by the invention through a method for operating a continuous furnace of such a heat treatment system, in which, in a first operating mode, a method according to the invention is carried out with a first ensemble of such a set and in a second mode of operation, metallic semi-finished products with in particular a height dimension greater than the height dimension of the metallic semi-finished products of the first mode of operation pass through the continuous furnace in a single layer or a method according to the invention is carried out with an ensemble of such a set that differs from the ensemble of the first mode of operation.
- the view is directed into the interior of a continuous furnace 100 which has a transport device for transporting, in this exemplary embodiment, rods 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 through the continuous furnace 100 in its lower region.
- the length of the aluminum rods 1, 2, 3 and 4 extends transversely to the transport direction T in the transverse direction Q.
- the transport system is shown in FIG 1 only beam (walking beam) 32 shown, in the illustrated embodiment the transport system is based on the "walking beam” concept, in which the aluminum bars are moved from their places on the fixed beams 21, 22 of the furnace 100 by a number of places corresponding to the increment of the discrete transport to be moved on.
- the bearing surfaces of the fixed beams 21, 22 and the beam 32 have corresponding profiles for this purpose in order to define places.
- the heating area of the oven is provided in an upper area 80 of the oven 100, which is also only indicated. in 1
- the rods 1-4 are in a heating zone in which hot air streams are directed, for example through gaps 81 in the upper region 80, onto the rods 1-4 below.
- rods 1-4 are not arranged one behind the other and uncovered as is conventional with respect to the transport direction T, rather they form a grouping 10, and in the embodiment of the grouping 10 shown rod 2 almost completely covers rod 1 and rod 3 is almost completely covered by rod 4 covered.
- the rods 2 and 4 are supported by several separating elements 9 (9a, 9b,...) arranged one behind the other in the transverse direction Q, which in turn are supported on the rods 1, 3, which in turn rest on the fixed beams 21, 22, or During their discontinuous further transport on beams 31, 32 of the transport device 30 of the continuous furnace 100, of which 1 only the front bar 32 in the viewing direction can be seen.
- the increment of the transport device 30 is matched to the separating elements 9 coupled rods 1-4 and offset the grouping 10 in this embodiment such that in the snapshot of 1 After the next increment, bar 1 takes up the space in transport direction T to the right of in 1 occupies the space occupied by the rod 3.
- the furnace 100 shown only allows the lower layer of bars 1, 3 and the layer of bars 2, 4 above it.
- the invention is not limited to the 1 shown two layers limited, rather, with a greater clear height of the oven interior, a third or even more layers of rods could belong to the rod group 10 by further separating elements 9 being placed on the rods 2, 4, so that further rods, not shown, could form a third layer , etc.
- one inside 1 Sensor technology monitors the atmospheric temperature inside the furnace, as well as the temperature, for example, of the lower rods 1, 3 via contacts, so that the heating output of the continuous furnace can be regulated in a manner known to the person skilled in the art so that the rods at the At the end of the heating zone, a sufficient temperature is obtained for the intended heat treatment, for example homogenization, which is then maintained in a subsequent section of the continuous furnace 100.
- the lower bars 1, 3 are covered by the upper bars 2, 4, they heat up almost as quickly as the upper bars 2, 4 Heat output can be adjusted to increase.
- a heat treatment system 800 is shown in a schematic representation from above, the central component of which is a continuous furnace 100 in which the actual heat treatment takes place, and which is integrated into a process line of the heat treatment system 800 .
- the heat treatment system 800 is connected downstream of a casting line indicated by the reference number 900, which produces rods from aluminum or an aluminum alloy by casting.
- the cast rods arrive individually with their rod direction in the transverse direction Q arranged in one layer in an input area 190 which, due to its extension in the transport direction T, also serves as a buffer zone between the casting line 900 and the heat treatment plant 800 .
- the logs can be gripped individually by a gripper device 390 of a composition device 300 and brought into a positioning area of a push-in device 130 in the opposite direction to the transport direction T in the furnace 100.
- a gripper device 390 of a composition device 300 For example, two rods (1 and 3) are placed one after the other on rollers of the positioning area 130 at a radial distance from one another.
- a second gripper device 310 of the assembling device 300 then deposits several separating elements 9 spaced in the longitudinal direction of the rods on the rods, whereupon the gripper device 390 successively removes two further rods (4 and 3) from the collecting area 190 and deposits them in the receiving areas of the separating elements 9 provided for this purpose, so that this essentially a second layer over the underlying layer of rods (1 and 3) form and together with the underlying layer the in 1 (Inside the furnace) shown rod grouping 10 forms.
- the two-layer stack of bars 10 is brought into the entry area of the continuous furnace 100 after opening an access opening (not shown) in the longitudinal direction of the stack of bars or transverse direction Q with respect to the transport direction T of the continuous furnace 100 and passes through the continuous furnace 100 in accordance with FIG control of the in 2 non-illustrated transport system of the continuous furnace 100 up to an exit area 70, at which the rod groupings are in turn fed transversely to the transport direction T via an exit opening indicated with reference number 140 to a cooling zone 200.
- a decomposition device 400 which is functionally similar in design to the composition device 300, separates the rods of the rod grouping 10, with a gripper device 450 corresponding to the gripper device 390 and gripping the rods (1 to 4), while the gripper device 420 corresponds to the gripper device 310, the separating elements 9 lifts off the lower pole tier and stows.
- the rods are then fed to an ultrasonic testing tank 500, in which a quality control of the rods is carried out by ultrasonic testing in a manner known to those skilled in the art.
- the way in which the continuous furnace is charged is not restricted to transverse charging; the groupings 10 could also enter and/or exit the furnace in the transport direction.
- composition device 300 is shown in a schematic view. This serves to form a grouping of bars from individual bars, which is brought together along its longitudinal direction parallel to the transverse direction Q on rollers of a push-in device 130 and from there into the entry zone 60 of the continuous furnace 100 .
- the composition device 300 has a frame 320 (in 3 only visible on the right-hand side), the upper bar 321 of which serves as a travel rail for transverse beams 391 of the gripper device 390 and 311 of the gripper device 310, which extend in the transverse direction.
- Two grippers 392 are arranged such that they can be moved in the vertical direction relative to the crossbeam 391 and are spaced apart from one another by an adjustable distance in the transverse direction. It goes without saying that the distance could also be fixed, or could also be adjustable by machine, in particular steplessly.
- the grippers 392 grip a bar in the area 190 with their gripper claw 393 and after moving the crossbeam 393 counter to the direction of transport T, the bars are placed on the pushing device 130. Along the transport direction T, this has a support profile corresponding to the support profile provided on the carriers of the continuous furnace 100 .
- the second gripper device 310 is used. This serves as a loading robot for the separating elements 9, while the first gripper device represents a bolt manipulator for a rod. After the loading robot 310 has placed the separating elements 9a, 9b, . .
- a receiving area 394 of the gripper claw 393 has an upper side designed for holding the rods with a V-shaped profile, but shortened at the free end compared to the other end, and an underside only minimally spaced from it. In this way, the gripper claw 393 can be positioned between the (in 1 recognizable) gap between the superimposed rods 1 and 2, or between the superimposed rods 3 and 4 of the rod grouping 10.
- a carriage 313 which can be moved in the transverse direction Q and carries a robot arm 330 , is arranged on a travel rail 312 of the crossbeam 311 .
- the robot arm 330 has a part 331 that can be rotated relative to the carriage 313 with an axis of rotation parallel to the direction of gravity, a part 331 relative to the part 332 by a (also pivoted, in 3 gripper arm 332 that can be pivoted parallel to the transverse direction) pivot axis A2, and a finger 333 that can be pivoted again about pivot axis A3 relative to the arm 332 and which can grip the separating elements 9 and place them on the rods.
- the robot fetches the separating elements 9 from an in 3 magazine, not shown, and thus has sufficient separating elements to equip a rod grouping 10 without reloading movement and reloading.
- the magazine carried along is refilled by the robot gripper 330 itself. This can happen, for example, when the bolt manipulator brings rods to the insertion device 130 .
- the carriage 313 moves along the rail 312 into a reloading position, and the robotic arm 330 fills the moving magazine from a stationary magazine of higher capacity by performing rotary and/or pivoting movements about the axes A1 to A3 described above.
- the decomposition device 400 arranged on the other side of the continuous furnace 100 is designed in accordance with the composition device 300, however, seen in relation to the transport direction T in the continuous furnace 100, the unloading robot corresponding to the loading robot is on the other side of the bolt manipulator (bolt manipulator 450 corresponds to bolt manipulator 390) arranged.
- bolt manipulator 450 corresponds to bolt manipulator 390
- a loading robot of the gripper device 420 collects the inserted separating elements again and stows them first in a magazine that is moved along with it, which is unloaded into a stationary magazine, e.g. when the gripper device 450 is active can.
- the expression “stationary magazine” refers to the fact that there is no co-movement with a carriage of the loading robot.
- the "stationary” magazine can itself be mobile in space and, in particular, a loaded magazine could be transferred from the decomposition device 400 to the composition device 300 in order to close the cycle of the separating elements 9.
- gripper device 310 and gripper device 420 each have at least five movement axes, in the present case two translational movement axes (in the transverse direction Q and transport direction T), and three rotary axes (rotational axis A1 parallel to the direction of gravity, parallel horizontal pivoting axes A2, A3). .
- a separator 9, designed to form a group of four, has two in Figure 4B carrier plates 91 shown individually with a lower and upper surface geometry which essentially corresponds to a double-X arrangement, or viewed individually a double notch arranged in the longitudinal extension of the carrier plate 91 on the upper and lower side.
- a central, here polygonal, opening 913 is provided in a central area, which can serve as a positioning opening for handling.
- Centering surface projections 911 are formed along the upper and lower edges of the support plate, which is approximately 10 mm thick in this exemplary embodiment, which are intended to be accommodated in positioning openings 922 of support plates 92 ( Figure 4C ) or 932 of gripper plates 93 ( Figure 4D ) are included.
- Recesses 914 are formed at both end regions at the height of a central longitudinal axis, which serve as centering surfaces for storing the separating elements, for example in the above-mentioned magazines.
- the gripper plates 93 are arranged at the top and bottom in the central area, and the gripper plates have a central opening 933, the opening edges of which serve as centering surfaces for the gripper fingers 333 ( 3 ) serve.
- the side areas of the notches of the carrier plate 91 are equipped with bearing surfaces 92, in this exemplary embodiment eight bearing plates in total.
- Support plates 92 and gripper plates 93 are additionally welded to the carrier plates 91 in this exemplary embodiment, for example with weld seams along the short side of the plates in the direction of the notch extension (transverse direction Q) adjacent to the form coupling by projections 911 and openings 922/932.
- the inclination of the support plates 92 to the central extension axis of the support plates 91 is 35° in this exemplary embodiment.
- the separating elements 9 are suitable for being placed on rods with diameters in the range of diameters between those of the circles K3 and K1 or for carrying corresponding rods.
- identification markings can be provided on the separating elements 9 for identification and storage purposes, realized in this exemplary embodiment by a binary code 94 and/or a sequential number 95, which can be attached to a carrier plate.
- the five marking options correspond to the numbers 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 in the top line, and the numbers 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 in the bottom line, so that by appropriate marking of the marking option an easily scannable identification option is provided.
- FIG 5 a further illustration of another separating element 9' is shown.
- the representation essentially corresponds to the representation of Figure 4A .
- the essential The difference between the separating element 9' and the separating element 9 is that it is designed for a bar grouping of up to eight bars.
- the construction is analogous, except that four notches are provided at the top and bottom in the support plate 91, and a total of sixteen support plates (eight at the top and eight at the bottom) serve to rest on four rods or to support four rods.
- the relative dimensioning of the separating elements 9 , 9 ′ is of the same order of magnitude with regard to the extension direction of the carrier plate 91 in the sense that they both correspond to an increment of movement of the transport device of the continuous furnace 100 . Accordingly, the maximum rod diameter that can be used for the separating elements 9 ′ is based on the lower range of the rod diameters that can be used for the separating elements 9 (approximately circular line K3).
- the continuous furnace 100 can thus be operated in several operating modes depending on the rod size.
- the groupings of eight rods each with separating elements 9' can ensure a throughput of eight rods per movement increment in a two-layer grouping design.
- only two bars could be used for the upper layer, for example, so that a throughput of six bars per movement increment can also be set.
- the greater flexibility can be seen, even with throughputs of more than four rods per movement increment in this exemplary embodiment.
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Halbzeuge, insbesondere länglicher metallischer Halbzeuge, aus insbesondere Aluminium oder einer Aluminium-Legierung, insbesondere Homogenisierungsbehandlung gegossener Halbzeuge, bei dem die metallischen Halbzeuge von einer Transportvorrichtung eines Durchlaufofens bewegt den Durchlaufofen von einer Eintrittsstelle entlang einer längs einer Transportrichtung verlaufenden Transportstrecke bis zu einer Austrittsstelle durchlaufen und dabei während ihres Durchlaufs wenigstens über einen ersten Bereich der Transportstrecke eine Temperaturerhöhung erfahren, wobei sich auf der Transportstrecke gleichzeitig eine Mehrzahl der metallischen Halbzeuge befindet, wobei wenigstens eines der Mehrzahl von Halbzeugen in Projektion orthogonal zur Schwererichtung gesehen von einem anderen der Mehrzahl von Halbzeugen wenigstens zum Teil verdeckt ist und eine das Gewicht des anderen Halbzeugs wenigstens zum Teil über das eine und/oder ein weiteres der Mehrzahl von Halbzeugen gehalten wird.The invention relates to a method for the heat treatment of metallic semi-finished products, in particular elongated metallic semi-finished products, in particular made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, in particular homogenization treatment of cast semi-finished products, in which the metallic semi-finished products are moved by a transport device of a continuous furnace from an entry point along a transport direction running transport route up to an exit point and experience an increase in temperature during their passage at least over a first area of the transport route, with a plurality of the metallic semi-finished products being located on the transport route at the same time, with at least one of the plurality of semi-finished products being viewed orthogonally to the direction of gravity in a projection from another of the plurality of semi-finished products is at least partially obscured and one the weight of the other semi-finished product is at least partially covered by one and/or e is held in another of the plurality of semi-finished products.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Halbzeuge, insbesondere länglicher metallischer Halbzeuge, aus insbesondere Aluminium oder einer Aluminium-Legierung, insbesondere Homogenisierungsbehandlung gegossener Halbzeuge, bei dem die metallischen Halbzeuge von einer Transportvorrichtung eines Durchlaufofens bewegt den Durchlaufofen von einer Eintrittsstelle entlang einer längs einer Transportrichtung verlaufenden Transportstrecke bis zu einer Austrittsstelle durchlaufen und dabei während ihres Durchlaufs wenigstens über einen ersten Bereich der Transportstrecke eine Temperaturerhöhung erfahren, wobei sich auf der Transportstrecke gleichzeitig eine Mehrzahl der metallischen Halbzeuge befindet, sowie ein zur Durchführung des Verfahrens ausgelegtes Wärmebehandlungssystem.The invention relates to a method for the heat treatment of metallic semi-finished products, in particular elongated metallic semi-finished products, in particular made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, in particular homogenization treatment of cast semi-finished products, in which the metallic semi-finished products are moved by a transport device of a continuous furnace from an entry point along a transport direction running transport route up to an exit point and experience an increase in temperature during their passage at least over a first area of the transport route, with a plurality of the metallic semi-finished products being located on the transport route at the same time, as well as a heat treatment system designed for carrying out the method.
Derartige Verfahren sind im Stand der Technik gut bekannt und beispielsweise in
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Wärmebehandlungsverfahren der eingangs genannten Art mit Durchlaufofen weitergehend zu verbessern, insbesondere im Hinblick auf eine höhere Flexibilität in ihrer Eingliederung in eine Prozesskette.The invention is based on the object of further improving a heat treatment method of the type mentioned at the beginning with a continuous furnace, in particular with regard to greater flexibility in its integration into a process chain.
Diese Aufgabe wird von der Erfindung in verfahrenstechnischer Hinsicht durch eine Weiterbildung eines Verfahrens der eingangs genannten Art gelöst, die im Wesentlichen dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass wenigstens eines der Mehrzahl von Halbzeugen in Projektion orthogonal zur Schwererichtung gesehen von einem anderen der Mehrzahl von Halbzeugen wenigstens zum Teil verdeckt ist und eine das Gewicht des anderen Halbzeugs wenigstens zum Teil über das eine und/oder ein weiteres der Mehrzahl von Halbzeugen gehalten wird.This object is achieved by the invention from a procedural point of view by a further development of a method of the type mentioned at the outset, which is essentially characterized in that at least one of the plurality of semi-finished products seen in projection orthogonally to the direction of gravity from another of the plurality of semi-finished products at least partially is concealed and one of the weight of the other semi-finished product is held at least in part by the one and/or another of the plurality of semi-finished products.
Durch diese Halterung und Verdeckung ist es möglich, z.B. auf eine Durchsatzerhöhung eines vorgelagerten Kettenglieds einer Prozesskette durchsatzanpassend zu reagieren, indem bei vorgegebener Ofenlänge auch durchsatzerhöhend reagiert werden kann, ohne Änderungen in Transportgeschwindigkeit, Temperatureinstellungen und/oder Länge des Durchlaufofens im anderweitig erforderlichen Ausmaß vornehmen zu müssen, da bei gegebener Transportgeschwindigkeit auch eine größere Anzahl von Halbzeugen pro Zeiteinheit durch den Durchlaufofen transportierbar ist.This mounting and covering makes it possible, for example, to react to an increase in throughput of an upstream chain link of a process chain in a throughput-adjusting manner by also reacting to increase throughput with a given oven length, without changes in transport speed, temperature settings and/or length of the continuous oven otherwise required To have to make extent, since at a given transport speed, a larger number of semi-finished products per unit of time can be transported through the continuous furnace.
Bevorzugt werden Halbzeuge aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung behandelt, die Anwendung kann sich jedoch auch auf andere metallische Merkmale beziehen. Das Anwendungsfeld ist Halbzeugform abhängig und könnte etwa in der Schmiedestangenfertigung liegen oder anderen Bereichen, in denen die Halbzeuge eine Wärmebehandlung während ihres Transports erfahren. Bevorzugt ist der Durchlaufofen ein Durchlaufhomogenisierungsofen.Semi-finished products made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy are preferably treated, but the application can also relate to other metallic features. The field of application depends on the shape of the semi-finished product and could be in the production of forged bars or other areas in which the semi-finished products are heat-treated during transport. The continuous furnace is preferably a continuous homogenization furnace.
In einer bevorzugten Verfahrensgestaltung ist eine Positionierung zur Gewichtshalterung während des Durchlaufs bereits bei Eintritt durch den Durchlaufofen und/oder bei Austritt aus dem Durchlaufofen gegeben. Auf diese Weise kann die Positionierung zur Gewichtshalterung insbesondere unter Bildung von Halbzeug-Gruppierungen vorbereitend außerhalb des Durchlaufofens erfolgen und belastet den Durchlaufofen selbst nicht.In a preferred embodiment of the method, a positioning for holding the weight during the passage is already given upon entry through the passage furnace and/or on exit from the passage furnace. In this way, the positioning for holding the weight can take place in a preparatory manner outside of the continuous furnace, in particular with the formation of semi-finished product groups, and does not load the continuous furnace itself.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Verfahrensgestaltung erfolgt die Gewichtshalterung über ein oder bevorzugt mehrere in Querrichtung beabstandete Trennelemente. Die Schwererichtung bezieht sich auf eine quer (insbesondere orthogonal) zur Transportrichtung verlaufenden Richtung und stellt bei länglichen Halbzeugen wie etwa Aluminiumstangen oder Aluminiumbarren deren Längserstreckungsrichtung dar.In a further preferred embodiment of the method, the weight is held by means of one or preferably several separating elements spaced apart in the transverse direction. The direction of gravity refers to a direction running transversely (in particular orthogonally) to the direction of transport and, in the case of elongated semi-finished products such as aluminum rods or aluminum bars, represents the direction in which they extend longitudinally.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Verfahrensgestaltung ist vorgesehen, dass sich zwei oder mehr Halbzeuge über eine Mehrzahl von Trennelementen an zwei oder mehr Halbzeugen abstützen. Demnach ist eine bevorzugte Mindestgruppierungsgröße durch wenigstens vier Halbzeuge gebildet. Es wäre jedoch auch denkbar, dass sich nur ein Halbzeug über ein oder mehrere Trennelemente an zwei Halbzeugen abstützt.In a further preferred configuration of the method, it is provided that two or more semi-finished products are supported on two or more semi-finished products via a plurality of separating elements. Accordingly, a preferred minimum grouping size is formed by at least four semi-finished products. However, it would also be conceivable for only one semi-finished product to be supported on two semi-finished products via one or more separating elements.
Die Art der Transportvorrichtung ist durch die Erfindung nicht in besonderer Weise eingeschränkt. Besonders bevorzugt kommt dabei jedoch das "walking beam" Prinzip zum Tragen, also ein Hubbalkenförderer. In einer weiteren bevorzugten Gestaltung entspricht das Bewegungsinkrement des diskontinuierlichen Transports einer durch das Trennelement gekoppelten Halbzeug-Gruppierung oder einem Vielfachen davon, insbesondere genau einer gekoppelten Halbzeug-Gruppierung.The type of transport device is not restricted in any particular way by the invention. However, the "walking beam" principle is particularly preferred, ie a walking beam conveyor. In a further preferred embodiment, the movement increment of the discontinuous transport corresponds to a semi-finished product grouping coupled by the separating element or to a multiple thereof, in particular exactly to a coupled semi-finished product grouping.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung liegt die Verdeckung des einen Halbzeugs durch das andere Halbzeug zu mehr als 50% vor, bevorzugt mehr als 75%, insbesondere zu mehr als 80%, und insbesondere liegen Halbzeuge vollständig übereinander. Auf diese Weise wird die Gruppierung in Transportrichtung kompaktifiziert und der erreichbare Durchsatz insbesondere pro Bewegungsinkrement bzw. dessen Länge in Transportrichtung erhöht. Die verdeckenden Halbzeuge erstrecken sich längs (insbesondere parallel) der verdeckten Halbzeuge.In a further preferred embodiment, one semi-finished product is covered by more than 50%, preferably more than 75%, in particular more than 80%, by the other semi-finished product, and semi-finished products in particular lie completely on top of one another. In this way, the grouping is compacted in the transport direction and the achievable throughput is increased, in particular per movement increment or its length in the transport direction. The concealing semi-finished products extend along (in particular parallel) the concealed semi-finished products.
Eine Anzahl von Trennelementen pro Halbzeug-Gruppierung wird sich nach der Länge (in Erstreckungsrichtung) der Halbzeuge richten, in einer bevorzugten Gestaltung ist vorgesehen, dass in Querrichtung gesehen nicht mehr als 1,4 m, bevorzugt nicht mehr als 1,2 m, insbesondere nicht mehr als 1 m Abstand zwischen zwei Trennelementen besteht. In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist der Abstand zwischen zwei Trennelementen in Querrichtung und/oder deren Positionierung bezüglich der Längserstreckung der Halbzeuge an Querabstützungen (einerseits im Ofen durch feststehende und/oder wandernde Balken des Hubbalkenförderers und/oder in einer dem Durchlaufofen nachgestellten Abkühlzone vorgesehenen Abstützstellen) zugeordnet angepasst.The number of separating elements per grouping of semi-finished products will depend on the length (in the direction of extension) of the semi-finished products there is no more than 1 m distance between two separating elements. In a further preferred embodiment, the distance between two separating elements in the transverse direction and/or their positioning in relation to the longitudinal extent of the semi-finished products is on transverse supports (on the one hand in the furnace by fixed and/or moving beams of the walking beam conveyor and/or in a cooling zone downstream of the continuous furnace) assigned adjusted.
Grundsätzlich könnte der Durchlaufofen derart gestaltet sein, dass eine Erwärmung der Halbzeuge beginnend ab Eintritt bis hin zum Austritt erfolgt, in einer bevorzugten Gestaltung ist jedoch vorgesehen, dass im Durchlaufofen zunächst eine Aufheizzone durchlaufen wird, insbesondere mit von oben auf die Halbzeuge einströmenden Warm- oder Heißluftströmen, und danach eine Haltezone durchlaufen wird, in der die Halbzeuge in Atmosphäre auf Temperatur gehalten werden.In principle, the continuous furnace could be designed in such a way that the semi-finished products are heated from entry to exit, but in a preferred design it is provided that a heating zone is first passed through in the continuous furnace, in particular with hot or Hot air streams, and then a holding zone is passed through in which the semi-finished products are kept at temperature in the atmosphere.
Trotz der Verdeckung ist die erhaltene Temperaturdifferenz zwischen den Lagen beim Aufheizen überraschend gering und bleibt im einstelligen Bereich oder knapp darüber. Auch wird die Haltetemperatur nahezu zeitgleich erreicht. Haltetemperaturen (im Material) können für Aluminiumlegierungsbeispiele im Rahmen der üblichen vom Fachmann herangezogenen Temperaturbereiche liegen, in einem konkreten Ausführungsbeispiel wurden Haltetemperaturen zwischen 520° und 560° herangezogen, für andere Legierungstypen können teilweise auch geringere Temperaturen ausreichen. Je nach Art der Wärmebehandlung sind die den jeweiligen Materialien (Legierungen) fachmännisch zuordenbare Temperaturbereiche verwendbar.Despite the occlusion, the temperature differential obtained between the layers upon heating is surprisingly small, remaining in the single digits or just above. The holding temperature is also reached almost at the same time. Holding temperatures (in the material) for aluminum alloy examples can be within the usual temperature ranges used by those skilled in the art. In a specific exemplary embodiment, holding temperatures of between 520° and 560° were used, for other alloy types lower temperatures can sometimes also be sufficient. Depending on the type of heat treatment, the temperature ranges that can be professionally assigned to the respective materials (alloys) can be used.
In einer weiteren möglichen Ausführungsform wird in einem Testbetrieb zunächst Unterschiede in Temperatur und/oder Struktur zwischen Halbzeugen einer unteren Lage und Halbzeugen einer verdeckenden Lage ermittelt und aufgezeichnet, sowie insbesondere einer Steuervorrichtung der Anlage zur Verfügung gestellt. Aus diesen Daten, die insbesondere legierungs- und/oder dimensionierungsabhängig gesammelt bzw. bereitgestellt werden können, kann die Steuervorrichtung ggf. erforderliche Modifikationen gegenüber Vergleichswerten rein einlagiger Beschickung ermitteln, insbesondere hinsichtlich Taktrate und/oder Temperatursteuerung der Heizeinrichtung des Durchlaufofens. Es versteht sich, dass eine derartige Modifizierung auch unter manueller Beteiligung stattfinden kann, insbesondere einem Bediener entsprechende Korrektureingaben eigenständig im Hauptprogramm der Anlage als Einstellwerte eingeben kann.In a further possible embodiment, differences in temperature and/or structure between semi-finished products in a lower layer and Semi-finished products of a concealing layer are determined and recorded, and in particular made available to a control device of the system. From this data, which can be collected or made available in particular depending on the alloy and/or dimensioning, the control device can determine any necessary modifications compared to comparative values for purely single-layer charging, in particular with regard to cycle rate and/or temperature control of the heating device of the continuous furnace. It goes without saying that such a modification can also take place with manual participation, in particular an operator can enter corresponding correction inputs independently in the main program of the system as setting values.
In einer bevorzugten Gestaltung ist ein Durchmesser (bzw. bei nicht-runden Halbzeugen eine mittlere Querabmessung) größer als 30 mm, bevorzugt größer als 35 mm, insbesondere größer als 40 mm. Weiter ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass das Bewegungsinkrement des Durchlaufofens in Transportrichtung einer Anordnung von 4 oder mehr Halbzeugen (einlagig gerechnet) bis zu einem Maximaldurchmesser von bevorzugt höchstens 120, bevorzugt höchstens 100 mm, insbesondere höchstens 80 mm beinhaltet und für Durchmesser von mehr als diesen Mindestwerten auf eine Zweier-Anordnung pro Bewegungsinkrement (einlagig) abgestellt wird. Insbesondere für eine Zweifach-Beschickung pro Inkrement ist es bevorzugt, dass diese bis zu einem Durchmesserbereich von wenigstens 100 mm, weiter bevorzugt wenigstens 110 mm, insbesondere wenigstens 120 mm reicht, aber andererseits durchaus auf Durchmesserwerte von ca. 240 mm, auch 200 mm, insbesondere 160 mm begrenzt sein kann.In a preferred embodiment, a diameter (or a mean transverse dimension in the case of non-round semi-finished products) is greater than 30 mm, preferably greater than 35 mm, in particular greater than 40 mm. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the movement increment of the continuous furnace in the transport direction includes an arrangement of 4 or more semi-finished products (calculated as a single layer) up to a maximum diameter of preferably at most 120, preferably at most 100 mm, in particular at most 80 mm and for diameters of more than these minimum values is based on an arrangement of two per movement increment (single layer). In particular for a double loading per increment, it is preferred that this extends up to a diameter range of at least 100 mm, more preferably at least 110 mm, in particular at least 120 mm, but on the other hand definitely to diameter values of approx. 240 mm, also 200 mm. can be limited in particular 160 mm.
Das im Ofen herrschende und auf die Halbzeuge übertragene Temperaturprofil wird material-(legierungs-)abhängig und verfahrensabhängig sein. Für eine Homogenisierung gegossener Barren aus einer Aluminiumlegierung werden beispielsweise Haltetemperaturen im Bereich von 480°C-600°C, bevorzugt 520°C-580°C angestrebt, und das Verfahren insbesondere derart gesteuert, dass ein Fortschreiten der Halbzeuge von der Aufheizzone in die Haltezone erst erfolgt, wenn die Zieltemperatur in den Halbzeugen erreicht ist. Hierzu kann der Durchlaufofen mit geeigneter Temperatursensorik ausgestattet sein.The temperature profile prevailing in the furnace and transferred to the semi-finished products will depend on the material (alloy) and the process. For a homogenization of cast ingots made of an aluminum alloy, for example, holding temperatures in the range of 480°C-600°C, preferably 520°C-580°C are aimed for, and the process is controlled in particular in such a way that the semi-finished products progress from the heating zone into the holding zone only takes place when the target temperature in the semi-finished products has been reached. For this purpose, the continuous furnace can be equipped with suitable temperature sensors.
Die Art, wie die Halbzeuge in den Durchlaufofen gelangen und aus ihm austreten, ist nicht in besonderer Weise eingeschränkt. In einer bevorzugten Gestaltung ist jedoch vorgesehen, dass der Eintritt und/oder Austritt der Halbzeuge quer zur Transportrichtung im Durchlaufofen erfolgt. Diesbezüglich können entsprechende Eintritts- und Austrittstüren am Durchlaufofen vorgesehen werden, deren Öffnungshöhe jedoch größer ist und bevorzugt wenigstens das Doppelte der Höhenabmessung von Halbzeugen beträgt, für welche der Durchlaufofen ausgelegt ist.The manner in which the semi-finished products enter and exit the continuous furnace is not particularly restricted. In a preferred embodiment, however, it is provided that the entry and/or exit of the semi-finished products takes place transversely to the direction of transport in the continuous furnace. In this regard, corresponding entry and exit doors can be provided on the continuous furnace, but their opening height is greater and is preferred is at least twice the height dimension of semi-finished products for which the continuous furnace is designed.
Grundsätzlich ist denkbar, dass eine Positionierung zur Gewichtshalterung, bzw. die Halbzeug-Gruppierungen unter manueller und/oder maschineller Beteiligung erfolgen, es wird jedoch bevorzugt auch an vollautomatische Systeme gedacht. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung wird eine durch Trennelemente gekoppelte Halbzeug-Gruppierung über eine Kompositionsvorrichtung gruppiert, indem eine entlang wenigstens einer ersten Richtung positionierbaren ersten Greifereinrichtung in einem ersten Schritt wenigstens zwei Halbzeuge parallel angeordnet positioniert werden, in einem zweiten Schritt eine entlang der ersten Richtung und einer zweiten Richtung positionierbaren zweiten Greifereinrichtung eine Mehrzahl von Trennelementen in Querrichtung voneinander beabstandet auf die im ersten Schritt positionierten Halbzeuge abgelegt werden, und in einem dritten Schritt von der ersten Greifereinrichtung weitere Halbzeuge auf den im zweiten Schritt abgelegten Trennelementen abgelegt werden. Dabei sind Greifer der ersten Greifereinrichtung bevorzugt auch in Schwererichtung (Höhenrichtung) verfahrbar, so dass bevorzugt wenigstens zwei, insbesondere genau zwei Greifer in der Lage sind, Halbzeuge auf unterschiedlichen Höhenniveaus zu heben bzw. zu transportieren. Zudem können in weiteren Schritten weitere Trennelemente auf die im dritten Schritt abgelegten Halbzeuge abgelegt werden, und in einem nochmals weiteren Schritt weitere Halbzeuge auf diesen Trennelementen abgelegt werden, usw. Insoweit erlaubt die Erfindung nicht nur zweilagige, sondern auch drei- oder mehrlagige Gestaltungen.In principle, it is conceivable that a positioning for holding the weight or the semi-finished product groupings take place with manual and/or machine participation, but fully automatic systems are preferably also considered. In a particularly preferred embodiment, a semi-finished product grouping coupled by separating elements is grouped via a composition device in that a first gripper device that can be positioned in at least a first direction is positioned in a first step at least two semi-finished products arranged in parallel, in a second step one along the first direction and a second gripper device that can be positioned in a second direction, a plurality of separating elements spaced apart from one another in the transverse direction are placed on the semi-finished products positioned in the first step, and in a third step further semi-finished products are placed by the first gripper device on the separating elements placed in the second step. In this case, grippers of the first gripper device can preferably also be moved in the direction of gravity (height direction), so that preferably at least two, in particular exactly two grippers, are able to lift or transport semi-finished products at different height levels. In addition, further separating elements can be placed on the semi-finished products placed in the third step in further steps, and further semi-finished products can be placed on these separating elements in a further step, etc. In this respect, the invention not only allows two-layer, but also three- or multi-layer designs.
In einer bevorzugten Gestaltung erfolgt die Positionierbewegung beider Greifereinrichtungen entlang der ersten Richtung auf den gleichen Verfahrschienen. Dies erlaubt eine konstruktive synergetische Nutzung und geeignete Positionierbarkeit.In a preferred embodiment, the positioning movement of both gripper devices takes place along the first direction on the same travel rails. This allows a constructive synergetic use and suitable positioning.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung entnimmt die zweite Greifereinrichtung die im zweiten Schritt abgelegten Trennelemente einem mitbewegten ersten Magazin. Auf diese Weise wird Zeit durch Vermeidung repetitiver Holbewegungen eingespart.In a further preferred embodiment, the second gripper device removes the separating elements deposited in the second step from a first magazine which is moved along with it. In this way, time is saved by avoiding repetitive fetching movements.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung verfährt die zweite Greifereinrichtung zwischen dem zweiten Schritt einer Charge und dem zweiten Schritt einer späteren Charge in eine Nachladeposition und befüllt das erste Magazin mit aus einem nicht mitbewegten zweiten Magazin entnommenen Trennelementen. Das zweite Magazin kann, muss aber nicht stationär sein, das "nicht mitbewegt" bezieht sich auf eine nicht vorhandene Bewegungskopplung mit der Greifereinrichtung.In a further preferred embodiment, the second gripper device moves between the second step of a batch and the second step of a later batch into a reloading position and fills the first magazine with separating elements removed from a second magazine that is not moved. The second magazine can, but does not have to, be stationary, the "not moving" refers to a lack of movement coupling with the gripper device.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Gestaltung ist stromabwärts des Durchlaufofens eine Dekompositionsvorrichtung vorgesehen, welche die Halbzeuge einer durch Trennelemente gekoppelten Halbzeug-Gruppierung nach ihrem Austritt aus dem Durchlaufofen wieder vereinzelt und insbesondere die vereinzelten Halbzeuge einer Qualitätskontrolle unterworfen werden, insbesondere einer Ultraschall-Prüfung. Zwischen der Ultraschall-Prüfung und dem Ofenaustritt ist bevorzugt noch eine Abkühlzone vorgesehen, die als Pufferzone dienen kann, wie auch eine Pufferzone zwischen der Ofenbeschickung und eines vorgelagerten weiteren Kettenglieds einer Prozesskette angeordnet sein kann, beispielsweise einer Gießanlage. Eine Ultraschall-Prüfanlage weist bevorzugt wenigstens zwei voneinander unabhängig verfahrbare Prüfköpfe auf, um auch den Durchsatz in der Prüfanlage variabel anpassen zu können, jedenfalls stufenweise. Das Abkühlen in der Kühlzone erfolgt bevorzugt noch als gekoppelte Halbzeuggruppierung.In a further preferred embodiment, a decomposition device is provided downstream of the continuous furnace, which separates the semi-finished products of a group of semi-finished products coupled by separating elements after they have exited the continuous furnace and, in particular, the separated semi-finished products are subjected to a quality control, in particular an ultrasonic test. A cooling zone is preferably provided between the ultrasonic test and the furnace outlet, which can serve as a buffer zone, and a buffer zone can also be arranged between the furnace charge and another upstream chain link of a process chain, for example a casting plant. An ultrasonic testing system preferably has at least two test heads that can be moved independently of one another, so that the throughput in the testing system can also be variably adjusted, at least in stages. Cooling in the cooling zone preferably takes place as a coupled group of semi-finished products.
In vorrichtungstechnischer Hinsicht wird die Aufgabe gelöst durch ein Wärmebehandlungssystem zur Ausführung eines Verfahrens nach einem der vorhergehenden Aspekte, mit einem Durchlaufofen, der eine Transportvorrichtung aufweist und zum gleichzeitigen Durchlaufen von metallischen Halbzeugen mit einer Abmessung in Transportrichtung, einer Abmessung in Querrichtung und einer Abmessung in Höhenrichtung ausgelegt ist, wobei die lichte Ofenhöhe sowie dessen Eintritts- und Austrittsöffnung eine Höhe von wenigstens dem Doppelten der Halbzeug-Höhenabmessung hat, weiter mit einer Mehrzahl von Trennelementen und einer Kompositionsvorrichtung zum Bilden einer über insbesondere mehrere Trennelemente gekoppelten Halbzeug-Gruppierung, in welcher wenigstens ein Halbzeug der Gruppierung in Projektion orthogonal zur Schwererichtung gesehen von einem anderen Halbzeug der Gruppierung wenigstens zum Teil verdeckt ist und das Gewicht des anderen Halbzeugs wenigstens zum Teil über das eine und/oder ein weiteres Halbzeug der Gruppierung gehalten wird, und in welcher die Halbzeuge der Gruppierung den Durchlaufofen gekoppelt durchlaufen.In terms of device technology, the object is achieved by a heat treatment system for carrying out a method according to one of the preceding aspects, with a continuous furnace that has a transport device and for the simultaneous passage of metallic semi-finished products with a dimension in the transport direction, a dimension in the transverse direction and a dimension in the vertical direction is designed, with the clear furnace height and its inlet and outlet openings having a height of at least twice the height of the semi-finished product, further with a plurality of separating elements and a composition device for forming a group of semi-finished products coupled in particular via a plurality of separating elements, in which at least one Semi-finished product of the grouping seen in projection orthogonally to the direction of gravity is at least partially covered by another semi-finished product of the grouping and the weight of the other semi-finished product is at least partially over one and/or one wide res semi-finished product of the grouping is held, and in which the semi-finished products of the grouping pass through the continuous furnace coupled.
Die Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Wärmebehandlungssystems mit Durchlaufofen ergeben sich aus der vorstehenden Beschreibung auch vorrichtungstechnischer Merkmale in Zusammenhang mit den Verfahrensaspekten.The advantages of the heat treatment system according to the invention with a continuous furnace result from the above description of device-related features in connection with the process aspects.
Des Weiteren stellt die Erfindung bereit ein Ensemble aus mehreren Trennelementen eines Wärmebehandlungssystems, bei dem die Trennelemente insbesondere gleichartig ausgebildet sind und insbesondere untere Kopplungsflächen zur insbesondere aufliegenden Ankopplung an die Oberseite wenigstens zweier Halbzeuge und obere Kopplungsflächen zur insbesondere aufgelegten Ankopplung wenigstens eines, bevorzugt wenigstens zweier Halbzeuge mit deren Unterseiten aufweisen, sowie auch die Bereitstellung eines derartigen Ensembles in einem Magazin in Zugriffsreichweite des Durchlaufofens.Furthermore, the invention provides an ensemble of several separating elements of a heat treatment system, in which the separating elements are in particular of the same design and in particular lower coupling surfaces for particularly overlying coupling to the upper side of at least two semi-finished products and upper coupling surfaces for coupling in particular at least one, preferably at least two semi-finished products with their undersides, as well as the provision of such an ensemble in a magazine within easy reach of the continuous furnace.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung eines Trennelements ist vorgesehen, dass die Kopplungsflächen einen Sitz definieren, der für Halbzeuge unterschiedlicher Querabmessungen (insbesondere Durchmesser) innerhalb eines Durchmesserbereichs ausgelegt ist. Hierzu können pro Sitz zwei gegenüber der Horizontalen aufeinander zu geneigte Kopplungsflächen herangezogen werden. Ein Neigungswinkel gegenüber der Horizontalen beträgt bevorzugt wenigstens 15°, weiter bevorzugt wenigstens 20°, nochmals weiter bevorzugt wenigstens 25° und insbesondere wenigstens 30°. Andererseits ist durchaus bevorzugt, dass der Neigungswinkel geringer ist als 65°, weiter bevorzugt geringer als 55°, und insbesondere 45° nicht übersteigt.In a particularly preferred embodiment of a separating element, it is provided that the coupling surfaces define a seat that is designed for semi-finished products with different transverse dimensions (in particular diameters) within a diameter range. For this purpose, two coupling surfaces that are inclined towards one another relative to the horizontal can be used for each seat. An angle of inclination relative to the horizontal is preferably at least 15°, more preferably at least 20°, even more preferably at least 25° and in particular at least 30°. On the other hand, it is definitely preferable for the angle of inclination to be less than 65°, more preferably less than 55°, and in particular not to exceed 45°.
In einer konstruktiv bevorzugten Gestaltung weist ein Trennelement eine Mehrzahl an planaren Blechen auf und besteht insbesondere daraus. So können beispielsweise auf zwei in einer Richtung verlaufende Trägerbleche eine Mehrzahl von Auflageblechen angeordnet werden, die quer zu den Trägerblechen verlaufen. Die Längsabmessung der Auflagebleche wird von der Länge der Halbzeuge in Richtung quer zur Transportrichtung abhängen und könnte z.B. im Bereich von 4 bis 20 cm liegen, bevorzugt 6 bis 16 cm, insbesondere 8 bis 12 cm. Bevorzugt zentral in Erstreckungsrichtung der Trägerbleche können einerseits Positionieröffnungen in dem Trägerblech mit einer definierten Konturkomponente als Positionierhilfe vorgesehen werden, und/oder zusätzliche sich parallel zu den Auflageblechen erstreckende Greiferbleche mit einer Positionieröffnung. Des Weiteren können die Trägerbleche an ihren Endseiten Zentrierflächen für deren Lagerung in z.B. den oben erwähnten Magazinen aufweisen. Die Befestigung der Auflagebleche oder andere Querbleche an den Trägerblechen könnte durch Presssitz von Haltevorsprüngen der Trägerbleche in Halteöffnungen in den Querblechen (Auflageblechen) erfolgen, und/oder durch Verschweißen. Es können jedoch auch andere, dem Fachmann geläufige Befestigungen herangezogen werden. Zudem können die Trennelemente mit Identifikationskennzeichnungen vorgesehen sein, insbesondere auch einem Binär-Code, der beispielsweise durch Löcher innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Binär-Felds realisiert ist. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung aus planaren Blechen sind lediglich Blechzuschnittschritte und ggf. Schweißschritte in der Herstellung erforderlich, es versteht sich jedoch, dass Trennelemente auch durch andere Verfahren, insbesondere formgebende Verfahren gestaltet werden können.In a design that is preferred in terms of construction, a separating element has a plurality of planar metal sheets and in particular consists of them. For example, a plurality of support plates can be arranged on two support plates running in one direction, which support plates run transversely to the support plates. The longitudinal dimension of the support plates will depend on the length of the semi-finished products in the direction transverse to the transport direction and could be, for example, in the range from 4 to 20 cm, preferably 6 to 16 cm, in particular 8 to 12 cm. Positioning openings in the carrier plate with a defined contour component can be provided as a positioning aid, preferably centrally in the direction of extension of the carrier plates, and/or additional gripper plates extending parallel to the support plates with a positioning opening. Furthermore, the support plates can have centering surfaces on their end sides for storing them in, for example, the magazines mentioned above. The support plates or other transverse plates could be attached to the carrier plates by press-fitting retaining projections of the carrier plates into retaining openings in the transverse plates (support plates), and/or by welding. However, other attachments familiar to those skilled in the art can also be used. In addition, the separating elements can be provided with identification markings, in particular also a binary code, which is implemented, for example, by holes within a predetermined binary field. In this configuration made of planar sheets, only sheet metal cutting steps and possibly welding steps are required in production, but it goes without saying that separating elements can also be designed using other methods, in particular shaping methods.
In einer bevorzugten Gestaltung ist das Verhältnis aus effektiver Dichte und Dichte des Trägerelements geringer als 1/3, bevorzugt geringer als 1/4, insbesondere geringer als 1/5, wobei die effektive Dichte des Trägerelements definiert ist durch seine Masse geteilt durch ein Volumen, das durch das Produkt aus Breitenabmessung des Trennelements mit seiner Projektionsfläche orthogonal zur Breitenrichtung gegeben ist.In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of effective density and density of the carrier element is less than 1/3, preferably less than 1/4, in particular less than 1/5, the effective density of the carrier element being defined by its mass divided by a volume, which is given by the product of the width dimension of the separating element with its projected area orthogonal to the width direction.
Als Material des Trennelements könnte ein hitzebeständiger Stahlwerkstoff herangezogen werden, im Übrigen ist darauf zu achten, dass die erforderlichen Festigkeiten und Steifigkeiten bei gegebenen Ofentemperaturen zum verformungsfreien Tragen der darauf aufliegenden Gewichte ausreichend dimensioniert ist. Dies könnte beispielsweise durch entsprechende Anpassung der Blechdicke der oben genannten Trägerbleche und/oder Auflagebleche erreicht werden. In einer bevorzugten Gestaltung ist die Blechstärke der Trägerbleche wenigstens 4 mm, bevorzugt wenigstens 6 mm, insbesondere wenigstens 8 mm. Für die Auflagebleche zur Bildung des Sitzes für die Halbzeuge sind bevorzugt wenigstens 1,6 mm Blechdicke, weiter bevorzugt wenigstens 2,0 mm Blechdicke, insbesondere wenigstens 2,4 mm Blechdicke vorgesehen. Diese Werte sind geeignete Anhaltspunkte für beispielsweise Stangen aus Aluminium-Legierungen mit einem Durchmesser im Rahmen der oben angegebenen Durchmesserbereiche, bei entsprechend anderen Materialdichten und/oder Abmessungen ist ggf. steifigkeits-/festigkeitserhöhend angepasst auszulegen.A heat-resistant steel material could be used as the material of the separating element; moreover, care must be taken to ensure that the required strength and rigidity at the given furnace temperatures is dimensioned sufficiently to carry the weights resting thereon without deforming. This could be achieved, for example, by appropriately adjusting the sheet thickness of the above-mentioned carrier sheets and/or supporting sheets. In a preferred embodiment, the sheet metal thickness of the carrier sheets is at least 4 mm, preferably at least 6 mm, in particular at least 8 mm. A sheet metal thickness of at least 1.6 mm, more preferably at least 2.0 mm, in particular at least 2.4 mm, is preferably provided for the support sheets to form the seat for the semi-finished products. These values are suitable reference points for rods made of aluminum alloys, for example, with a diameter within the range of diameters specified above; in the case of correspondingly different material densities and/or dimensions, the design may need to be adapted to increase rigidity/strength.
In einem weiteren Aspekt stellt die Erfindung auch bereit ein Set aus mehreren derartigen Ensembles, wobei sich wenigstens zwei Ensembles des Sets hinsichtlich der Anzahl ihrer unteren und/oder oberen Kopplungsflächen und/oder hinsichtlich der Dimensionierung und/oder Positionierung ihrer oberen und unteren Kopplungsflächen unterscheiden. Dies erhöht weiter die Flexibilität des Durchlaufofens, indem beispielsweise in einem Bewegungsinkrement nicht nur eine unterschiedliche Anzahl von Halbzeugen gemeinsam weitertransportierbar ist, sondern dies auch mehrlagig mit einer unterschiedlichen Anzahl von Halbzeugen pro Lage.In a further aspect, the invention also provides a set of several such ensembles, with at least two ensembles of the set differing in terms of the number of their lower and/or upper coupling surfaces and/or in terms of the dimensioning and/or positioning of their upper and lower coupling surfaces. This further increases the flexibility of the continuous furnace, in that, for example, not only a different number of semi-finished products can be transported further together in one movement increment, but also in multiple layers with a different number of semi-finished products per layer.
Ebenfalls stellt die Erfindung bereit eine Kompositionsvorrichtung eines derartigen Wärmebehandlungssystems, mit einer in einer ersten Richtung positionierbaren ersten Greifereinrichtung und einer bezüglich der ersten Richtung und einer zweiten Richtung positionierbaren zweiten Greifereinrichtung, wobei die zweite Greifereinrichtung dazu ausgelegt ist, aus einem mitbewegten Magazin entnommene Trennelemente eines Ensembles bezüglich der zweiten Richtung beabstandet zu positionieren. Diese weist insbesondere eine Steuereinrichtung auf, welche die Kompositionsvorrichtung insbesondere vollautomatisch und insbesondere in Abhängigkeit von Daten steuert, welche Abmessungen der Halbzeuge, insbesondere deren Durchmesser (bzw. Querabmessung) angeben und/oder Durchsätze aus der dem Wärmebehandlungssystem in einer Prozesskette vorgelagerten Kettenglied, insbesondere einer Gießanlage, angeben.The invention also provides an assembly device of such a heat treatment system, with a first gripper device that can be positioned in a first direction and a second gripper device that can be positioned with respect to the first direction and a second direction, the second gripper device being designed to separate separating elements from an ensemble from a magazine that is moved along with it to be positioned spaced apart with respect to the second direction. This has in particular a control device which the composition device in particular fully automatically and in particular as a function of data which indicate the dimensions of the semi-finished products, in particular their diameter (or transverse dimension) and/or indicate throughputs from the chain link upstream of the heat treatment system in a process chain, in particular a casting plant.
Ebenfalls stellt die Erfindung bereit ein Teilsystem eines derartigen Wärmebehandlungssystems mit einem Greifer einer ersten Greifereinrichtung einer derartigen Kompositionsvorrichtung und einem Trennelement eines derartigen Ensembles, bei dem der Greifer eine Greiferkralle aufweist, dessen nach oben weisende Seite der abstützenden Auflage eines metallischen Halbzeugs dient und dessen nach unten weisende Seite im tiefsten Punkt einen Abstand vom höchsten Punkt des freien Endes der Greiferkralle in Schwererichtung gesehen von weniger als dem durch die halbzeugabstandsdefinierende Anordnung von unteren und oberen Kopplungsflächen des Trennelements gegebenen Abstand ist.The invention also provides a subsystem of such a heat treatment system with a gripper of a first gripper device of such a composition device and a separating element of such an ensemble, in which the gripper has a gripper claw, the upward-facing side of which serves to support a metallic semi-finished product and the downward-facing side pointing side at the deepest point is a distance from the highest point of the free end of the gripper claw, seen in the direction of gravity, of less than the distance given by the semi-finished product distance-defining arrangement of lower and upper coupling surfaces of the separating element.
In bevorzugten Gestaltungen ist dieser Abstand zwischen dem höchsten Punkt des freien Endes der Greiferkralle und dem tiefsten Punkt der nach unten weisenden Seite geringer als 16 mm, bevorzugt geringer als 12 mm, insbesondere als 8 mm. Das Material der Greiferkralle ist bevorzugt ein hochfestes hitzebeständiges Material wie etwa Stahl, insbesondere ist vorgesehen, dass dieser Abstand geringer ist als 20%, bevorzugt geringer 15%, insbesondere als 10% des mittleren (arithmetisch) Durchmessers der Halbzeugbarren, für welche die Greifer ausgelegt sind.In preferred configurations, this distance between the highest point of the free end of the gripper claw and the lowest point of the side pointing downwards is less than 16 mm, preferably less than 12 mm, in particular less than 8 mm. The material of the gripper claw is preferably a high-strength, heat-resistant material such as steel, in particular it is provided that this distance is less than 20%, preferably less than 15%, in particular than 10% of the average (arithmetic) diameter of the semi-finished ingots for which the grippers are designed are.
Die durch das oben angegebene Set aus mehreren Ensembles von Trennelementen gewährte Flexibilität ist verfahrenstechnisch durch die Erfindung auch durch ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Durchlaufofens eines solchen Wärmebehandlungssystems unter Schutz gestellt, bei dem in einer ersten Betriebsart ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren mit einem ersten Ensemble eines solchen Sets ausgeführt wird, und in einer zweiten Betriebsart metallische Halbzeuge mit insbesondere einer Höhenabmessung von größer der Höhenabmessung der metallischen Halbzeuge der ersten Betriebsart den Durchlaufofen einlagig durchlaufen oder ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren mit einem bezüglich des Ensembles der ersten Betriebsart anderen Ensembles eines solchen Sets ausgeführt wird.The flexibility granted by the above-mentioned set of several ensembles of separating elements is procedurally protected by the invention through a method for operating a continuous furnace of such a heat treatment system, in which, in a first operating mode, a method according to the invention is carried out with a first ensemble of such a set and in a second mode of operation, metallic semi-finished products with in particular a height dimension greater than the height dimension of the metallic semi-finished products of the first mode of operation pass through the continuous furnace in a single layer or a method according to the invention is carried out with an ensemble of such a set that differs from the ensemble of the first mode of operation.
Die oben bereits erläuterten Aspekte hinsichtlich dem Ensemble aus mehreren Trennelementen, dem Set aus mehreren Ensembles, der Kompositionsvorrichtung und dem Teilsystem eines Wärmebehandlungssystems sowie dem Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Durchlaufofens werden als eigenständig schutzfähig betrachtet und als solche offenbart:
- Aspekt 1: Ensemble (9) aus mehreren Trennelementen (9a, 9b,...) eines Wärmebehandlungssystems (300) nach Anspruch 13, bei dem die Trennelemente (9a, 9b,...) insbesondere gleichartig ausgebildet sind und insbesondere untere Kopplungsflächen (92) zur insbesondere aufliegenden Ankopplung an die Oberseite wenigstens zweier Halbzeuge und obere Kopplungsflächen (92) zur insbesondere aufgelegten Ankopplung wenigstens eines, bevorzugt wenigstens zweier Halbzeuge mit deren Unterseiten aufweisen.
- Aspekt 2: Set aus mehreren Ensembles (9, 9')
nach Aspekt 1, wobei sich wenigstens zwei Ensembles (9, 9') des Sets hinsichtlich der Anzahl ihrer unteren und/oder oberen Kopplungsflächen und/oder hinsichtlich der Dimensionierung und/oder Positionierung ihrer oberen und unteren Kopplungsflächen unterscheiden. - Aspekt 3: Kompositionsvorrichtung (400) eines Wärmebehandlungssystems (800) nach Anspruch 13, mit einer in einer ersten Richtung (T) positionierbaren ersten Greifereinrichtung (390) und einer bezüglich der ersten Richtung (T) und einer zweiten Richtung (Q) positionierbaren zweiten Greifereinrichtung (310), wobei die zweite Greifereinrichtung (310) dazu ausgelegt ist, aus einem Magazin entnommene Trennelemente (9a, 9b,...) eines Ensembles (9)
nach Aspekt 1 bezüglich der zweiten Richtung (Q) beabstandet zu positionieren. - Aspekt 4: Teilsystem eines Wärmebehandlungssystems (800) nach Anspruch 13, mit einem Greifer (392) einer ersten Greifereinrichtung (390) einer Kompositionsvorrichtung (400) nach
Aspekt 3 und einem Trennelement (9a, 9b,...) eines Ensembles (9)nach Aspekt 1, bei dem der Greifer eine Greiferkralle (393) aufweist, dessen nach oben weisende Seite der abstützenden Auflage eines metallischen Halbzeugs dient und dessen nach unten weisende Seite im tiefsten Punkt einen Abstand vom höchsten Punkt des freien Endes der Greiferkralle in Schwererichtung gesehen von weniger als dem durch die halbzeugabstandsdefinierende Anordnung von unteren und oberen Kopplungsflächen des Trennelements gegebenen Abstand ist. - Aspekt 5: Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Durchlaufofens (100) eines Wärmebehandlungssystems (800) nach Anspruch 13, bei dem in einer ersten Betriebsart ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 mit einem ersten Ensemble (9) eines Sets
nach Aspekt 2 ausgeführt wird, und in einer zweiten Betriebsart metallische Halbzeuge mit insbesondere einer Höhenabmessung von größer der Höhenabmessung der metallischen Halbzeuge der ersten Betriebsart den Durchlaufofen einlagig durchlaufen oder ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 mit einem bezüglich des Ensembles (9) der ersten Betriebsart anderen Ensemble (9') des Setsnach Aspekt 2 ausgeführt wird.
- Aspect 1: Ensemble (9) of a plurality of separating elements (9a, 9b,...) of a heat treatment system (300) according to Claim 13, in which the separating elements (9a, 9b,...) are in particular of the same design and in particular have lower coupling surfaces ( 92) for in particular overlying coupling to the upper side of at least two semi-finished products and upper coupling surfaces (92) for in particular laying-on coupling of at least one, preferably at least two semi-finished products with their undersides.
- Aspect 2: Set of several ensembles (9, 9') according to
aspect 1, wherein at least two ensembles (9, 9') of the set differ in terms of the number of their lower and/or upper coupling surfaces and/or in terms of dimensioning and/or positioning differ in their upper and lower coupling surfaces. - Aspect 3: Composition device (400) of a heat treatment system (800) according to claim 13, with a positionable in a first direction (T) first gripper device (390) and with respect to the first direction (T) and a second direction (Q) positionable second gripper device (310), wherein the second gripper device (310) is designed to position separating elements (9a, 9b,...) of an ensemble (9) removed from a magazine at a distance from
aspect 1 with respect to the second direction (Q). - Aspect 4: Partial system of a heat treatment system (800) according to Claim 13, with a gripper (392) of a first gripper device (390) of a composition device (400) according to
aspect 3 and a separating element (9a, 9b, ...) of an ensemble (9) according toaspect 1, in which the gripper has a gripper claw (393), the upward-pointing side of which serves to support a metallic semi-finished product and the downward-pointing side at the lowest point a distance from the highest point of the free end of the gripper claw in the direction of gravity, seen from is less than the distance given by the semi-finished product distance-defining arrangement of lower and upper coupling surfaces of the separating element. - Aspect 5: Method for operating a continuous furnace (100) of a heat treatment system (800) according to Claim 13, in which in a first operating mode a method according to one of
Claims 1 to 12 is carried out with a first ensemble (9) of a set according toaspect 2, and in a second operating mode, metallic semi-finished products with in particular a height dimension greater than the height dimension of the metallic semi-finished products of the first operating mode pass through the continuous furnace in a single layer or a method performed according to one ofclaims 1 to 12 with a different ensemble (9') of the set according toaspect 2 with respect to the ensemble (9) of the first operating mode.
Weitere Merkmale, Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung mit Bezug auf die beigefügten Figuren, von denen
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Fig. 1 eine schematische Ansicht von durch einen Durchlaufofen transportierten Stangen in einer erläuternden Ansicht ins Ofeninnere ist, -
Fig. 2 schematisch eine Aufsicht auf ein Wärmebehandlungssystem mit einem Durchlaufofen von oben ist, -
Fig. 3 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Kompositionsvorrichtung des inFig. 2 dargestellten Wärmebehandlungssystems is, -
Fig. 4A-E ein Trennelement zeigt, -
Fig. 5 ebenfalls ein Trennelement zeigt, und -
Fig. 6 in einem schematischen Längsschnitt einen Durchlaufofen mit Hubbalkenförderer aus dem Stand der Technik zeigt.
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1 Fig. 12 is a schematic view of bars transported through a continuous furnace in an explanatory view inside the furnace, -
2 schematic is a top view of a heat treatment system with a continuous furnace, -
3 a perspective view of a composition device of in2 shown heat treatment system is, -
Figures 4A-E shows a separator -
figure 5 also shows a separator, and -
6 shows a continuous furnace with a walking beam conveyor from the prior art in a schematic longitudinal section.
In der schematischen Darstellung von
In
In einem ebenfalls nur angedeutet dargestellten oberen Bereich 80 des Ofens 100 ist der Heizbereich des Ofens vorgesehen, der auf alle möglichen bekannten Aufheiztechniken basieren kann, die Erfindung ist diesbezüglich nicht weitergehend eingeschränkt. Im in
Die Stangen 1-4 sind jedoch nicht wie herkömmlich bezüglich der Transportrichtung T hintereinander angeordnet und unverdeckt, vielmehr bilden sie eine Gruppierung 10, und bei der gezeigten Ausführungsform der Gruppierung 10 verdeckt Stange 2 Stange 1 nahezu vollständig, und Stange 3 wird nahezu vollständig von Stange 4 überdeckt. Hierzu stützen sich die Stangen 2 und 4 über mehrere in Querrichtung Q hintereinander angeordnete Trennelemente 9 (9a, 9b,...) ab, welche sich ihrerseits auf den Stangen 1, 3 abstützen, die wiederum auf den Festbalken 21, 22 aufliegen, bzw. bei ihrem diskontinuierlichen Weitertransport auf Balken 31, 32 der Transportvorrichtung 30 des Durchlaufofens 100, von denen in
Beim Durchlaufen des Ofens 100 der bewegten Stangen 1 und 3 werden aufgrund der koppelnden Wirkung der Trennelemente 9 die eine obere Lage bildenden Stangen 2 und 4 durch den Durchlaufofen 100 mithindurchbewegt, wodurch sich ein höherer Durchsatz ergibt als würde man die Stangen nur in der unteren Lage (in
Der in
Eine in
In
Bei freiem (freigewordenen) Eintrittsbereich 60 im Durchlaufofen 100 wird das zweilagige Stangenpaket 10 nach Öffnung einer nicht dargestellten Zugangsöffnung in Längsrichtung des Stangenpakets bzw. Querrichtung Q bezüglich der Transportrichtung T des Durchlaufofens 100 in den Eingangsbereich des Durchlaufofens 100 verbracht und durchläuft den Durchlaufofen 100 entsprechend der Steuerung des in
In
Die Kompositionsvorrichtung 300 weist ein Gestell 320 auf (in
Durch Verfahren des Querträgers 391 parallel zur Transportrichtung T des Durchlaufofens 100 greifen die Greifer 392 mit ihrer Greiferkralle 393 eine Stange in Bereich 190 und nach Bewegung des Querträgers 393 entgegen der Transportrichtung T werden die Stangen auf die Schubeinrichtung 130 verbracht. Diese hat entlang der Transportrichtung T ein Auflageprofil entsprechend dem auf den Trägern des Durchlaufofens 100 vorgesehenen Auflageprofils. Nachdem zwei Stangen (z.B. Stangen 1, 3) auf den Rollen der Einschubeinrichtung 130 abgelegt sind, kommt die zweite Greifereinrichtung 310 zum Einsatz. Diese dient als Belade-Roboter für die Trennelemente 9, während die erste Greifereinrichtung einen Bolzenmanipulator für eine Stange darstellt. Nachdem der Belade-Roboter 310 auf den Stangen 1 und 3 die Trennelemente 9a, 9b,... entlang der Querrichtung an vorgegebenen Abstützstellen abgelegt hat, holt der Bolzenmanipulator 390 zwei weitere Stangen (2, 4) aus dem Bereich 190 und legt sie zur Komplettierung der Gruppierung 10 auf den Trennelementen 9 ab. Aus
An einer Verfahrschiene 312 des Querträgers 311 ist ein Schlitten 313 in Querrichtung Q verfahrbar angeordnet, der einen Roboter-Arm 330 trägt. Der Roboter-Arm 330 weist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ein gegenüber dem Schlitten 313 mit Drehachse parallel zur Schwererichtung verdrehbares Teil 331 auf, einen gegenüber dem Teil 332 um eine (mitverschwenkte, in
Die auf der anderen Seite des Durchlaufofens 100 angeordnete Dekompositionsvorrichtung 400 ist entsprechend der Kompositionsvorrichtung 300 konzipiert, allerdings ist bezüglich der Transportrichtung T im Durchlaufofen 100 gesehen der dem Belade-Roboter entsprechende Entlade-Roboter auf der anderen Seite des Bolzenmanipulators (Bolzenmanipulator 450 entspricht Bolzenmanipulator 390) angeordnet. So wie der Belade-Roboter 330 der Greifereinrichtung 310 die Trennelemente 9 einsetzt, sammelt ein Belade-Roboter der Greifereinrichtung 420 die eingesetzten Trennelemente wieder ein und verstaut sie zunächst in einem mitbewegten Magazin, welches z.B. bei Tätigkeit der Greifereinrichtung 450 in ein stationäres Magazin entladen werden kann. Der Ausdruck "stationäres Magazin" bezieht sich darauf, dass keine Mitbewegung mit einem Schlitten des Beladeroboters stattfindet. Das "stationäre" Magazin kann selbst im Raum beweglich sein und insbesondere könnte ein bestücktes Magazin von der Dekompositionsvorrichtung 400 zur Kompositionsvorrichtung 300 verbracht werden, um den Zyklusumlauf der Trennelemente 9 zu schließen.The
Die Greifereinrichtung 310 wie auch die Greifereinrichtung 420 weist demnach in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel jeweils wenigstens fünf Bewegungsachsen auf, im vorliegenden Fall zwei translatorische Bewegungsachsen (in Querrichtung Q und Transportrichtung T), sowie drei rotatorische Achsen (schwererichtungsparallele Drehachse A1, parallele horizontale Schwenkachsen A2, A3).In this exemplary embodiment,
In
Ein Trennelement 9, das zur Bildung einer Vierer-Gruppierung ausgelegt ist, hat zwei in
Wie aus
Die Neigung der Auflagebleche 92 zur zentralen Erstreckungsachse der Trägerbleche 91 beträgt in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel 35°. Wie durch die drei Kreislinien K1, K2 und K3 in
Zudem können zu Identifikations- und Lagerungszwecken identifizierende Kennzeichnungen an den Trennelementen 9 vorgesehen werden, in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel realisiert durch einen Binärcode 94 und/oder einer fortlaufenden Nummer 95, die auf einem Trägerblech angebracht sein können. Bei dem mit dem Bezugszeichen 94 dargestellten Binärcode entsprechen die fünf Markierungsmöglichkeiten der oberen Zeile den Zahlen 1, 2, 4, 8 und 16, und der unteren Zeile den Ziffern 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, so dass durch entsprechende Markierung der Markierungsmöglichkeit eine leicht scannbare Identifizierungsmöglichkeit gegeben ist.In addition, identification markings can be provided on the
Aus den obigen Erläuterungen zu
In
Der Durchlaufofen 100 kann somit stangengrößenabhängig in mehreren Betriebsarten betrieben werden. Für Stangen eines ersten Durchmesserbereichs (bis etwa entsprechend der Kreislinie K3) können die Gruppierungen von jeweils acht Stangen mit Trennelementen 9' bei einer zweilagigen Gruppierungsgestaltung für einen Durchsatz von acht Stangen pro Bewegungsinkrement sorgen. Es könnten aber auch z.B. nur zwei Stangen für die obere Lage herangezogen werden, so dass auch ein Durchsatz von sechs Stangen pro Bewegungsinkrement einstellbar ist. Hier erkennt man wiederum die höhere Flexibilität auch bei Durchsätzen von mehr als in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel vier Stangen pro Bewegungsinkrement.The
Für mittlere Stangendurchmesserbereiche (entsprechend Kreisen K2 zwischen K3 und K1) eignet sich die Verwendung der Trennelemente 9 (
Weitergehende Flexibilität hinsichtlich Durchsatz und/oder ein höherer Maximaldurchsatz könnten dadurch erreicht werden, indem eine noch höhere Mehrlagigkeit unter Einsatz einer zweiten Reihe von Trennelementen 9 (9') auf den Stangen, die auf einer ersten Reihe von Trennelementen 9 (9') angeordnet sind, Platz für eine dritte Lage geschaffen wird, ggf. noch durch wiederholtes Stapeln von noch mehr Lagen. Bevorzugt sind jedoch Gestaltungen mit maximal drei, weiter bevorzugt maximal zwei Stangenlagen.Further flexibility in terms of throughput and/or a higher maximum throughput could be achieved by using an even higher multi-layer using a second row of separating elements 9 (9') on the bars, which are arranged on a first row of separating elements 9 (9'). , Space is created for a third layer, if necessary by repeated stacking of even more layers. However, configurations with a maximum of three, more preferably a maximum of two, rod layers are preferred.
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die in der obigen Figurenbeschreibung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele eingeschränkt. Vielmehr können die einzelnen Merkmale nachfolgender Ansprüche wie auch vorstehender Beschreibung einzeln und in Kombination für die Verwirklichung der Erfindung in ihren verschiedenen Ausführungsformen wesentlich sein.The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the above description of the figures. Rather, the individual features of the following claims as well as the above description can be used individually and in combination be essential for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments.
Claims (15)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens eines (1, 3) der Mehrzahl von Halbzeugen in Projektion orthogonal zur Schwererichtung (g) gesehen von einem anderen (2, 4) der Mehrzahl von Halbzeugen wenigstens zum Teil verdeckt ist und eine das Gewicht des anderen (2, 4) Halbzeugs wenigstens zum Teil über das eine (1, 3) und/oder ein weiteres (3, 1) der Mehrzahl von Halbzeugen gehalten wird.Process for the heat treatment of metallic semi-finished products (1, 2, 3, 4), in particular elongated metallic semi-finished products, in particular made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, in particular homogenization treatment of cast semi-finished products, in which the metallic semi-finished products are moved by a transport device of a continuous furnace (100) to the continuous furnace from an entry point (60) along a transport route running along a transport direction (T) to an exit point (70) and experience an increase in temperature during their passage at least over a first area of the transport route, with a plurality of metallic semi-finished products (1, 2, 3, 4),
characterized in that at least one (1, 3) of the plurality of semi-finished products is at least partially covered by another (2, 4) of the plurality of semi-finished products in a projection orthogonal to the direction of gravity (g) and one of the weight of the other (2, 4) semi-finished product is held at least in part by one (1, 3) and/or another (3, 1) of the plurality of semi-finished products.
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DE102021003946.7A DE102021003946A1 (en) | 2021-07-30 | 2021-07-30 | PROCESS FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF METALLIC SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS AND HEAT TREATMENT SYSTEM |
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Citations (5)
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JPS57181323A (en) * | 1981-04-30 | 1982-11-08 | Nissei Kk | Heat retaining furnace of high temperature material |
JPS6137625A (en) * | 1984-07-27 | 1986-02-22 | Toyama Keikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Unloading process and device for loading and surface treatment of extruded shapes of aluminum or its alloy |
EP1223398A1 (en) | 2001-01-15 | 2002-07-17 | Hertwich Engineering GmbH | Hubbalkenförderer für einen Durchlaufofen zum Erwärmen von Aluminiumbarren |
EP2530681A1 (en) * | 2010-01-28 | 2012-12-05 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Method of heat-treating metal pipes for nuclear power plant, batch-type vacuum heat-treatment furnace used therefor, and metal pipe for nuclear power plant treated using same |
CN107267740A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-10-20 | 广东科立工业技术股份有限公司 | A kind of bottom parting bead component for being used to place whole pile aluminium bar |
Family Cites Families (4)
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DE2242388B1 (en) | 1972-08-29 | 1974-03-07 | Stahlwerke Suedwestfalen Ag, 5930 Huettental-Geisweid | Process for the treatment of steel bars from the rolling heat |
FR2416951A1 (en) | 1978-02-14 | 1979-09-07 | Vallourec Lorraine Escaut | PROCESS FOR THERMAL TREATMENT OF OBTAINED TUBES AND TUBES |
DE102015001408A1 (en) | 2015-02-06 | 2016-08-11 | Eisenmann Se | Plant for the form hardening of workpieces |
DE102015215179A1 (en) | 2015-08-07 | 2017-02-09 | Schwartz Gmbh | Method of heat treatment and heat treatment device |
-
2021
- 2021-07-30 DE DE102021003946.7A patent/DE102021003946A1/en active Pending
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2022
- 2022-06-30 EP EP22182082.2A patent/EP4124815A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
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JPS57181323A (en) * | 1981-04-30 | 1982-11-08 | Nissei Kk | Heat retaining furnace of high temperature material |
JPS6137625A (en) * | 1984-07-27 | 1986-02-22 | Toyama Keikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Unloading process and device for loading and surface treatment of extruded shapes of aluminum or its alloy |
EP1223398A1 (en) | 2001-01-15 | 2002-07-17 | Hertwich Engineering GmbH | Hubbalkenförderer für einen Durchlaufofen zum Erwärmen von Aluminiumbarren |
EP2530681A1 (en) * | 2010-01-28 | 2012-12-05 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Method of heat-treating metal pipes for nuclear power plant, batch-type vacuum heat-treatment furnace used therefor, and metal pipe for nuclear power plant treated using same |
CN107267740A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-10-20 | 广东科立工业技术股份有限公司 | A kind of bottom parting bead component for being used to place whole pile aluminium bar |
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