EP4123062B1 - Vorrichtung zur verarbeitung von hanffasern - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur verarbeitung von hanffasern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4123062B1
EP4123062B1 EP22020336.8A EP22020336A EP4123062B1 EP 4123062 B1 EP4123062 B1 EP 4123062B1 EP 22020336 A EP22020336 A EP 22020336A EP 4123062 B1 EP4123062 B1 EP 4123062B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rollers
hemp
equipment
stalks
pair
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP22020336.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4123062A1 (de
Inventor
Gheorghe Stroescu
Mihai Olan
Anisoara Paun
Alexandru Zaica
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institutul National De Cercetare Dezvoltare Pentru Masini Si Instalatii Destinate Agriculturii Si Industriei Alimentare Inma
Original Assignee
Institutul National De Cercetare Dezvoltare Pentru Masini Si Instalatii Destinate Agriculturii Si Industriei Alimentare Inma
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Publication of EP4123062A1 publication Critical patent/EP4123062A1/de
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
    • D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
    • D01B1/14—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating
    • D01B1/22—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating with crushing or breaking rollers or plates
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
    • D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
    • D01B1/14—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating
    • D01B1/30—Details of machines
    • D01B1/46—Driving arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mobile equipment with electromechanical drive intended for processing hemp stalks, from experimental plots, for fibre.
  • a mobile equipment with electromechanical drive intended for processing hemp stalks, from experimental plots, for fibre.
  • Cannabis saliva fresh stem peeling machine comprising inter alia, four pairs of rollers that fragments cannabis/hemp stalks, a pair with two rollers and a carder with two movable plates for cleaning the fibber of the rest of the stalks.
  • the equipment does not contain elements that can separate the hemp leaves from the stalks and does not ensure the correlation of the relative speed of the working surfaces of the ten rollers so that the hemp fibber to be pulled towards the exhaust end of the machine.
  • Patent document EP2018447A1 (A4, B1), Apparatus and method for processing of plant material presents an apparatus for processing at least one plant stalk, having a fibrous outer part (fibre) and an inner section (hurds), the apparatus comprising: one or more toothed rollers and a bending element, in which the toothed roller has one or more teeth on the outside, each tooth comprising a guide part and a transport part, wherein the guide part extends over a smaller portion than the transport one so that on contact of the stalk with the bending element, the fibrous part is divided and the woody inner part is substantially separated from the fibrous outer part.
  • Patent document US 2018103591 A1 Systems for unbaling, separating and decortifying fibrous crops is also known, which relates to systems for processing fibrous crops in bales, such as hemp, and especially to systems that extract the stalks from their initial baled state, separate the outer fibres from the core of the stalks and remove the core residues from separate fibres.
  • Said system includes a bale opening step, a hulling step and a separation step.
  • the bale opener has a conveyor that moves the bales from the entrance to a toothed extractor, with a series of teeth driven on a revolution path moving upwards, passing the adjacent end of the conveyor to rake the bale and extract the material from it.
  • a separating stage has several sets of vertically mounted rollers, with different characteristics from one set to another.
  • a huller has an outer housing, an inner rotating drum, supported in the casing and a series of teeth on the drum. The driven rotation of the inner drum rotates the fibrous stalks around the inner drum and leads the fibrous stalks to the inner surfaces of the outer housing walls.
  • the equipment consists of a mobile support on four wheels that can be locked by means of two adjustable systems that are attached to the floor.
  • a mobile support On this mobile support is mounted a housing with two rollers for driving the hemp stalks and two profiled blade rollers that will defoliate the stalks introduced into the inlet only with the upper part of the stalk. Simultaneous drive of this set of rollers is done by an electric motor controlled by means of a frequency converter and a V-belt drive.
  • the woody part of the stalks is fragmented and the hemp fibre is partially separated.
  • the processed material reaches the surface of a rotating drum with wooden rods that drive the stalks and they come into contact with the top cover on which is mounted another set of wooden rods for cleaning woody pieces also from the upper surface of fibres.
  • This cleaning drum is driven by an electric motor controlled by a frequency converter.
  • the equipment for hemp fiber processing has the following advantages:
  • FIG. 1-7 An embodiment of the invention is shown in connection with Fig. 1-7 which represent:
  • the equipment for hemp fiber processing consists of the support (1) constructed of assembled parts and having four wheels for movement (2), a handle (3) and two adjustable legs (4) for its positioning during work.
  • a stalk processing module (5) comprising a first housing (6) with a first pair of rollers (7) and (8) for driving hemp stalks and a second pair of profiled blade rollers (9) and (10) that will defoliate the stalks introduced into the inlet only with the upper part of the stalk. Simultaneous drive of the first and second pair of rollers is done by an electric motor (11) and a V-belt drive (12), the electric motor is controlled by means of a frequency converter mounted in the electrical control panel (13).
  • the first pair of rollers (7) and (8) have on the outer surface a jacket (14) which will drive the hemp stalks and are positioned by means of fixed bearings (15) and two adjustable bearings (16) which are actuated by two adjustable springs (17) and two threaded rods (18).
  • the first pair of rollers (7) and (8) is driven together by two cylindrical pulley wheels (19) and (20) and the second pair of rollers (9) and (10) is driven together by two cylindrical pulley wheels (21) and (22) and between the two pairs of rollers a first Galle chain drive (23) is used.
  • the blade rollers (9) and (10) which are used to remove the leaves from the stalks are constructed of a single body (24) provided with special grooves (25) in which the profiled blades (26) are positioned by means of wedges (27) and screws (28).
  • These rollers are simultaneously driven by a coaxial gear motor (31) and a second Galle chain drive (32).
  • a coaxial gear motor (31) and a second Galle chain drive (32) In this processing block, the woody part of the stalks is fragmented and the hemp fibre is partially separated. It was found experimentally that a number of six rollers with different numbers of profiles and different heights, allow to obtain an optimal fragmentation of the hemp stalks and to increase the efficiency of the fibre hulling technology.
  • Each pair of two rollers is mounted by means of two fixed bearings (33) and (34) and two adjustable bearings (35) and (36) which are adjusted by means of threaded rods (37) and helical springs (38).
  • a pair of cylindrical pulley wheels (39) is mounted on the ends of each additional pair of rollers (30) to synchronize the rotational movement between the rollers and to transmit the rotational movement from one set of rollers to another using a V-belt drive (40).
  • An adjustable roller tensioner (41) is used to tension the belts.
  • the angular velocities of the three sets of rollers are correlated by the appropriate sizing of the pulley wheels for V-belts so that the angular velocity increases by a predetermined value from one set of rollers to the next.
  • the coaxial gear motor is also controlled by the electrical panel (13) which ensures the simultaneous control of the three electric motors that serve this equipment.
  • Hulling rollers are made either monobloc with the active working part made by milling the teeth, with teeth welded in grooves or with removable teeth.
  • a specific module ensures the final cleaning of the fibre, so that the processed material reaches the surface of a rotating drum (42) with wooden rods (43) that drive the stalks and they come into contact with the top cover (44) on which is mounted another set of wooden rods (45) for cleaning woody pieces also from the upper surface of fibres.
  • This cleaning drum is driven by an electric motor (46) controlled by a frequency converter located in the control panel (13).
  • the processed fibre is collected on the adjustable support (47).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Vorrichtung zur Verarbeitung von Hanffasern, bestehend aus einem beweglichen Träger (1) auf vier Rädern zum Bewegen (2), einem Griff (3) und zwei verstellbaren Beinen (4) zum Positionieren während der Arbeit, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie aus einem Stängelverarbeitungsmodul (5) besteht, das in einer ersten Phase den Antrieb des Hanfstängels durch ein erstes Gehäuse (6) mit ein erstes Walzenpaar (7) und (8) durchführt, die gemeinsam durch zwei zylindrische Riemenscheiben (19) und (20) angetrieben werden, die an der Außenfläche eine Ummantelung (14) aufweisen, in einer zweiten Phase die Entfernung der Blätter von den Stängeln in einem speziellen Modul, das mit einem zweiten Walzenpaar (9) und (10) versehen ist, wobei der gleichzeitige Antrieb des ersten und zweiten Walzenpaares durch einen Elektromotor (11) und einen Keilriemenantrieb (12) erfolgt, wobei ein erster Gallekettenantrieb (23) zwischen den beiden Walzenpaaren verwendet wird, in einer dritten Phase das Schälen des Hanfstängels zur Gewinnung von Fasern, bestehend aus einem Gehäuse (29) mit sechs Walzen (30) die drei zusätzliche Rollenteile definieren, die gleichzeitig durch einen koaxialen Getriebemotor (31) und ein zweiten Gallekettenantrieb (32), am Ende jedes Rollenpaars (30) wird ein Paar zylindrischer Riemenscheiben (39) montiert, um die Drehbewegung zwischen den Rollen zu synchronisieren und die Drehbewegung mithilfe eines Keilriemenantriebs (40) von einem Paar auf einen anderen zu übertragen, wobei der holzige Teil der Stängel zerkleinert und die Hanffasern teilweise abgetrennt werden, wobei die Winkelgeschwindigkeiten der drei zusätzlichen Walzensätze durch die entsprechende Dimensionierung der Riemenscheiben (39) für Keilriemen so korreliert werden, dass die Winkelgeschwindigkeit von einem Walzensatz zum nächsten um einen vorbestimmten Wert zunimmt, die Vorrichtung umfasst auch ein spezifisches Modul für die Endreinigung des verarbeiteten Materials..
  2. Vorrichtung zur Verarbeitung von Hanffasern gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das das zweite Rollenpaar (9) und (10) umfasst, die gemeinsam durch zwei zylindrische Riemenscheiben (21) und (22) angetrieben werden und die in den Einlass eingeführten Stängel nur mit dem oberen Teil des Stängels entblättern, wobei der gleichzeitige Antrieb dieses Walzensatzes durch einen Elektromotor (11) und einen Keilriemenantrieb (12) erfolgt und der Elektromotor mittels eines Frequenzumrichters gesteuert wird, der in der elektrischen Schalttafel (13) montiert ist.
  3. Vorrichtung zur Verarbeitung von Hanffasern gemäß Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Satz von Klingenwalzen (9) und (10) aus einem einzigen Körper (24) besteht, der mit speziellen Rillen (25) versehen ist, in denen die profilierten Klingen (26) mittels Keilen (27) und Schrauben (28) positioniert sind.
  4. Vorrichtung zur Verarbeitung von Hanffasern gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Modul zur Endreinigung der Fasern das verarbeitete Material die Oberfläche einer rotierenden Trommel (42) mit Holzstäben (43) erreicht, die die Stängel antreiben, und diese kommen mit einer oberen Abdeckung (44) in Kontakt, auf der ein weiterer Satz Holzstäbe (45) angebracht ist, um Holzstücke auch von der oberen Oberfläche der Fasern zu entfernen, die rotirende Reinigungstrommel von einem Elektromotor (46) angetrieben wird, der von einem Frequenzumrichter gesteuert wird, der sich in der Schalttafel (13) befindet.
EP22020336.8A 2021-07-22 2022-07-14 Vorrichtung zur verarbeitung von hanffasern Active EP4123062B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ROA202100422A RO137209A2 (ro) 2021-07-22 2021-07-22 Echipament pentru procesare fibră de cânepă

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4123062A1 EP4123062A1 (de) 2023-01-25
EP4123062B1 true EP4123062B1 (de) 2024-12-25

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EP (1) EP4123062B1 (de)
RO (1) RO137209A2 (de)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2399809A (en) * 1941-05-19 1946-05-07 California Central Fibre Corp Decorticating apparatus
US2480602A (en) * 1944-08-26 1949-08-30 David E Patterson Machine for decorticating fiberbearing stalks and leaves
NZ590509A (en) 2005-03-09 2012-08-31 Fibre Lab Pty Ltd Apparatus for processing of plant material with a toothed roller with the leading portion of the teeth shorter than the trailing portion
CA2985840C (en) 2015-05-11 2023-02-07 Shan Jin Systems for unbaling, separating and decortifying fibrous crops
CN106811804A (zh) * 2015-12-02 2017-06-09 田荣侠 大麻鲜茎剥皮机
CN108517568B (zh) * 2018-04-11 2019-09-03 国家林业局哈尔滨林业机械研究所 一种提拉式苎麻剥麻机
CN111172599A (zh) * 2020-01-17 2020-05-19 向道英 一种基于剑麻纺织加工的剑麻纤维提取装置

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EP4123062A1 (de) 2023-01-25
RO137209A2 (ro) 2023-01-30

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