EP4117814A1 - Catalyseur d'hydrogénation sans chrome présentant une stabilité accrue à l'eau et aux acides - Google Patents

Catalyseur d'hydrogénation sans chrome présentant une stabilité accrue à l'eau et aux acides

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Publication number
EP4117814A1
EP4117814A1 EP21711816.5A EP21711816A EP4117814A1 EP 4117814 A1 EP4117814 A1 EP 4117814A1 EP 21711816 A EP21711816 A EP 21711816A EP 4117814 A1 EP4117814 A1 EP 4117814A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
catalyst body
shaped catalyst
range
copper
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21711816.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christoph Doerfelt
Manuel PFANZELT
Goetz Burgfels
Frank Grossmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Clariant International Ltd
Original Assignee
Clariant International Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Clariant International Ltd filed Critical Clariant International Ltd
Publication of EP4117814A1 publication Critical patent/EP4117814A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/005—Spinels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/72—Copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
    • B01J35/394—Metal dispersion value, e.g. percentage or fraction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J35/61—Surface area
    • B01J35/613—10-100 m2/g
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J35/61—Surface area
    • B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/0236—Drying, e.g. preparing a suspension, adding a soluble salt and drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
    • B01J37/031—Precipitation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/04—Mixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/06—Washing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/08—Heat treatment
    • B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
    • B01J37/088—Decomposition of a metal salt
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/16—Reducing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
    • C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
    • C07C29/14—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group
    • C07C29/141—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
    • C07C45/64—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by introduction of functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form

Definitions

  • Chromium-free hydrogenation catalyst with increased water and acid stability Chromium-free hydrogenation catalyst with increased water and acid stability
  • the present invention relates to an improved catalyst based on a shaped catalyst body for the hydrogenation of carbonyl groups in organic compounds, characterized in that the shaped catalyst body comprises a proportion of copper in an amount of 17.5 to 34.5% by weight and in which the copper at least 70% is in the form of a copper spinel CuAhC.
  • the present invention also relates to the production of the shaped catalyst body and its use in the hydrogenation of carbonyl groups in organic compounds.
  • Catalytic processes for the hydrogenation of carbonyl groups in organic compounds such as esters, diesters, aldehydes or ketones are of great relevance in industry. Among other things, they serve to convert carboxylic acids or their esters, especially esters of fatty acids, into the corresponding alcohols.
  • catalysts Systems based on copper in combination with other elements of the transition metals are suitable as catalysts.
  • the catalysts are usually in the form of tablets, extrudates or granules.
  • WO 2004/085356 describes the production of a catalyst for the hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds which, in addition to copper and aluminum, contains at least one oxide of lanthanum, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium or zirconium and which is also admixed with copper powder or flakes, cement powder or graphite.
  • DE 40 21 230 A1 describes a process for the production of alcohols by hydrogenating an organic carboxylic acid ester compound in the presence of a copper-zirconium catalyst, which is composed of copper, zirconium and oxygen, to form a corresponding alcohol such as a higher alcohol or a dihydric To get alcohol.
  • EP 0434062 A1 relates to a process for hydrogenating a mixture of substances into the corresponding alcohols, in which a catalyst is used which is produced by co-precipitation of metals selected from Mg, Zn, Ti, Zr, Sn, Ni, C and mixtures thereof became.
  • the catalyst disclosed in EP 0 552463 A1 for the hydrogenation of carbonyl groups in organic compounds has the composition in its oxidic form Cu a Al b Zr c Mn d O d with a>O;b>O;c>O;d>O;a> b / 2; b> a / 4; a>c;a>d; and x as the number of oxygen ions required per formula unit to maintain electroneutrality.
  • US 2018/0280940 A1 is the use of powdered catalysts based on N1AI 2 O 4 or CUAI 2 O 4 for the hydrogenation of ketones to alcohols.
  • the samples examined have copper contents of at least 42.7% by weight.
  • the catalysts described in US Pat. No. 6,455,464 B1 essentially consist of copper and aluminum and have a spinel content below 60% by weight. The catalysts were used in hydrogenolysis.
  • the starting compounds of the hydrogenation processes usually contain traces of acidic compounds. These are, for example, carboxylic acids that are present as by-products in esterification reactions. Under the reaction conditions of the hydrogenation reaction, these compounds attack the catalyst and lead to a reduction in mechanical stability and the washing out of the catalytically active metals, which can be observed in some cases, and which are carried out of the reaction reactor with the product stream and have to be separated off from it. In addition, as the discharge of the catalytically active metals progresses, the catalytic activity of the catalyst is also reduced.
  • Catalysts containing copper and chromium are used for such reactions. These usually have an increased stability against the action of acids.
  • the object of the present invention was therefore to provide a catalyst for hydrogenation of carbonyl groups in organic compounds which is distinguished by improved mechanical stability and which is less susceptible to the action of acidic compounds or water.
  • this catalyst in particular, in hydrogenations which take place in an acidic and / or water-containing medium.
  • the invention relates to a Cu-Al shaped catalyst body, characterized in that it has a proportion of copper in the range from 17.5 to 34.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the shaped catalyst body after loss on ignition, and in which the copper is at least 70% is in the form of a copper spinel CUAI 2 O 4 .
  • the shaped catalyst body can be in various forms, for example in the form of extrudates, spheres, granules or tablets. In a preferred embodiment, the shaped catalyst body is in the form of a tablet.
  • the pelletized shaped catalyst body can be present in various dimensions.
  • the diameter of the tablets can be between 2 and 6 mm and preferably between 3 and 5 mm.
  • the diameter is particularly preferably between 4.4 and 4.6 mm.
  • the fleas of the tablets can be between 2 and 6 mm and preferably between 2 and 4 mm.
  • the fleas are particularly preferably between 2.5 and 3.5 mm.
  • the shaped catalyst body according to the invention has a side compressive strength of 80 to 300 N, preferably 150 to 250 N, particularly preferably 170 to 230 N.
  • the shaped catalyst body according to the invention preferably has a diameter in the range from 3 to 5 mm, a fleas in the range from 2 to 4 mm and a lateral compressive strength in the range from 170 to 230N.
  • the pore volume, measured by means of mercury porosimetry, of the shaped catalyst body according to the invention is between 100 and 500 mm 3 / g, preferably between 150 and 400 mm 3 / g, particularly preferably between 200 and 400 mm 3 / g.
  • the shaped catalyst body according to the invention has a BET specific surface area of from 20 to 150 m 2 / g, preferably from 70 to 120 m 2 / g.
  • the amounts of copper and aluminum specified below in the shaped catalyst body according to the invention relate to an oxidic, non-reduced form of the shaped catalyst body in which the elements are present in oxidized form as Cu (II) and Al (III).
  • the shaped catalyst body in oxidic form comprises Cu in an amount in the range of 22.1% by weight, preferably 24.5% by weight, more preferably 25.0% by weight, more preferably 24.5% by weight. -%, more preferably 25.0% by weight, even more preferably 27.0% by weight, most preferably 27.5% by weight, and 33.8% by weight, preferably 31.0% by weight, more preferred 30.4% by weight, based on the total weight of the shaped catalyst body after loss on ignition.
  • the shaped catalyst body in oxidic form comprises AI in an amount in the range of 21.2% by weight, preferably 21.8% by weight, more preferably 24.9% by weight, more preferably 29.0% by weight. -%, more preferably 29.5% by weight, most preferably 30.1% by weight, and 38.3% by weight, preferably 36.9% by weight, more preferably 36.7% by weight , more preferably 36.4% by weight, particularly preferably 35.1% by weight, most preferably 34.7% by weight, based on the total weight of the shaped catalyst body after loss on ignition.
  • At least 70% of the copper present in the shaped catalyst body is in the form of a copper spinel CUAI 2 O 4 .
  • the proportion is in the range from 70 to 98%, more preferably in the range from 70 to 95%, even more preferably in the range from 75 to 90%, most preferably in the range from 80 to 90%.
  • the atomic ratio Cu / Ab is less than 1, preferably less than 0.97, particularly preferably less than 0.94.
  • the atomic ratio Cu / Al 2 is greater than 0.49 and less than 1, preferably greater than 0.57 and less than 0.97, more preferably greater than 0.58 and less than 0.94, particularly preferably greater than 0.79 and less 0.94.
  • the catalyst does not contain manganese and zirconium in oxidized or metallic form. In a further embodiment, apart from copper, the catalyst does not contain any further transition metal in oxidized or metallic form.
  • the shaped catalyst body according to the invention is produced by the following steps according to the invention: a) combining (i) an aqueous solution A of copper and optionally transition metal compounds and (ii) an aqueous alkaline solution B to form a precipitate, solution A and / or solution B additionally comprises a dissolved aluminum compound, b) separating the precipitate, optionally washing the precipitate c) drying the precipitate to obtain a dried precipitate, d) calcining the dried precipitate according to step c) at a temperature between 200 and 800 ° C for a period between 30 min and 4 h, e) shaping the calcined precipitate after step d) to obtain a shaped body.
  • the aluminum compound can either already be present in the copper-containing solution A or can be added together with the precipitant in the form of the aqueous alkaline solution B.
  • the proportion of copper compound in solution A in step a) is chosen so that the proportion of copper in the final catalyst is in the range from 17.5 to 34.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the shaped catalyst body after loss on ignition.
  • the precipitate is formed in step a) by passing the aqueous alkaline solution B containing the precipitant into the solution A containing the dissolved compound of copper and optionally the transition metal, preferably with constant stirring of the metal-containing solution.
  • the formation of the precipitate takes place in step a) by passing the aqueous alkaline solution B containing the precipitant and the aluminum compound into the solution A containing the dissolved compound of copper and optionally the transition metal, preferably with constant stirring of the metal-containing solution .
  • the aqueous alkaline solution B containing the precipitant is passed together with the metal-containing solution A into a common precipitation container.
  • the temperature of the combined solutions in step a) is usually in the range from 10 to 90.degree. C., preferably in the range from 30 to 90.degree. C., more preferably in the range from 50 to 85.degree.
  • the pH value during the precipitation of the metal-containing compounds in step a) is in the range from 6.0 to 8.0, preferably in the range from 6.5 to 7.5, even more preferably in the range from 6.5 to 7.0 .
  • the resulting precipitate is separated off. This is typically done by means of filtration. Alternatively, the precipitate can also be separated off by decanting or centrifuging.
  • the separated precipitate can then optionally be subjected to one or more washing steps in order to remove any adhering impurities such as excess flydroxide ions or alkali ions.
  • the precipitate can either remain directly in the filter chamber as a filter cake and a washing medium, preferably deionized water, flows through it, or alternatively it can be suspended in the washing medium and subjected to renewed separation by means of a filter press, decanting or centrifugation. This process is usually repeated until the conductivity of the washing medium falls below a certain value. This is typically 0.5 mS / cm, in particular 0.3 mS / cm. The conductivity is determined according to DIN 38404, part 8.
  • the separated and optionally washed precipitate is dried at a temperature in the range from 50 to 150.degree. C., preferably in the range from 70 to 130.degree. C., particularly preferably in the range from 80 to 120.degree.
  • the drying can take place in a spray dryer. Alternatively, the drying can also take place in a stationary oven; the drying time here is usually in the range from 30 minutes to 6 hours.
  • the dried powder is then subjected to calcination. This takes place at a temperature between 200 and 800.degree. C., preferably between 400 and 800.degree. C., particularly preferably between 600 and 750.degree.
  • the duration of the calcination is between 30 minutes and 4 hours, preferably between 1 and 3 hours and particularly preferably between 1.5 and 2.5 hours.
  • the dried and calcined precipitate is then subjected to a shaping process.
  • the calcined precipitate is tabletted.
  • Tableting is usually carried out with a tablet press, such as a press of the Kilian Pressima type. Tableting is preferably carried out with the addition of lubricants such as graphite, oils or stearates, preferably graphite.
  • lubricants such as graphite, oils or stearates, preferably graphite.
  • the calcined precipitate obtained in step d) is mixed with at least one lubricant mixed, optionally compacted and / or granulated and then tabletted.
  • the proportion of lubricant in the mixture is usually between 0.5 and 5.0% by weight, preferably between 1 and 4% by weight, based on the total weight of the mass to be tabletted.
  • a binder is added to the precipitate to be deformed.
  • binders are aluminum oxide, such as pseudoboehmite, boehmite or corundum, silicon dioxide, calcium aluminate, calcium silicate or clay minerals such as bentonite.
  • the binder is usually added to the mixture in such an amount that the content of binder in the shaped body is in the range from 2 to 30 wt.%, Preferably in the range from 2 to 10 wt up to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the shaped body after loss on ignition.
  • the shaped bodies obtained in step e) can then be subjected to a thermal treatment in step f).
  • a thermal treatment takes place at a temperature between 200 and 800.degree. C., preferably between 400 and 700.degree. C., particularly preferably between 400 and 600.degree.
  • the duration of this thermal treatment is between 30 minutes and 4 hours, preferably between 1 and 3 hours and particularly preferably between 1.5 and 2.5 hours.
  • the shaped catalyst body obtainable by the process according to the invention can be reduced in a further step before it is used in the catalytic reaction.
  • the reduction is preferably carried out by heating the shaped catalyst body in a reducing atmosphere.
  • the reducing atmosphere is, in particular, hydrogen.
  • the reduction takes place, for example, at a temperature in the range from 150.degree. C. to 450.degree. C., preferably in the range from 160.degree. C. to 250.degree. C., particularly preferably in the range from 170.degree. C. to 200.degree.
  • the reduction takes place, for example, over a period of 1 hour to 20 days, preferably over a period of 2 hours to 120 hours, particularly preferably over a period of 24 to 48 hours.
  • the reduction takes place at a temperature in the range from 190 ° C. to 210 ° C. over a period of from 24 to 48 hours.
  • the shaped catalyst bodies are stabilized wet or dry after the reduction.
  • the shaped catalyst bodies are covered with a layer of liquid to prevent contact with oxygen to avoid if possible.
  • Suitable liquids include organic liquids and water, preferably organic liquids.
  • Preferred organic liquids are those which have a vapor pressure of 0.5 hPa or less at 20 ° C. Examples of such suitable organic liquids are iso-decanol, Nafol, fatty alcohols, hexadecane, 2-ethylhexanol, propylene glycol and mixtures thereof, especially iso-decanol.
  • a mixture of oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas, preferably air, and an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen is metered into the reduction chamber.
  • concentration of oxygen in the mixture is preferably increased from about 0.04% by volume to about 21% by volume.
  • a mixture of air and inert gas can be metered in, the ratio of air to inert gas initially being approximately 0.2% by volume of air to 99.8% by volume of inert gas. The ratio of air to inert gas is then gradually increased (for example continuously or in steps) until finally, for example, 100% by volume of air is metered in (corresponding to an oxygen concentration of about 21% by volume).
  • the addition of air or oxygen creates a thin oxide layer with a thickness of, for example, 0.5 to 50 nm, preferably 1 to 20 nm, particularly preferably 1 to 10 nm on the surface of the Catalyst arises, which protects the shaped catalyst body from further oxidation.
  • the reactor temperature is preferably 100.degree. C. or less, particularly preferably 20.degree. C. to 70.degree. C. and most preferably 30.degree. C. to 50.degree.
  • the reduction can take place ex situ or in situ in the reaction plant into which the shaped catalyst body is introduced as a catalyst.
  • the crystallite size of the copper in the reduced shaped body is in the range from 7 to 12 nm, preferably in the range from 8 to 11 nm, particularly preferably in the range from 9 to 11 nm.
  • the side compressive strength of the shaped catalyst bodies in tablet form has values of 50 to 250 N, preferably 60 to 200 N, particularly preferably 70 to 150 N, after the reduction.
  • the shaped catalyst bodies according to the invention or the shaped catalyst bodies obtainable by the process according to the invention contain, after the reduction, Cu (0) (ie copper in oxidation state 0), in particular in a proportion of 5 to 36% by weight, preferably in a proportion of 10 to 34% by weight .-%, particularly preferably in a proportion of 20 to 32% by weight, based on the total weight of the reduced catalyst after loss on ignition.
  • the catalysts according to the invention have an improved stability towards acidic media or water-containing media, such as organic solutions or organic gaseous mixtures with acids and / or water as impurities.
  • the shaped catalyst body according to the invention also has a lower total loss of metal ions, which is a sign of an increased stability of the solid structure with respect to the leaching out of individual metal ions.
  • the shaped body is subjected to a treatment in an acid- and water-containing medium and the side compressive strength of the shaped body treated in this way and the proportion of metal ions in the acid- and water-containing medium are then determined.
  • Another object of the present invention is the use of the catalyst according to the invention in catalytic hydrogenation of carbonyl groups in organic compounds, which takes place in an acidic and / or water-containing medium.
  • Possible reactions include the hydrogenation of aldehydes to give alcohols, in particular oxoaldehydes to give oxo alcohols, the hydrogenation of a fatty acid, e.g. by esterification, in particular to give fatty acid methyl esters and subsequent hydrogenolysis, or the hydrogenation of ketones to give the corresponding alcohols.
  • Typical acid numbers of the reaction media used here are in the range from 0.1 to 3.4 mg K oH / g solution, preferably in the range from 0.2 to 1.0 mg K oH / g solution.
  • the acid number is a measure of the presence of acidic OH groups, for example in carboxylic acids, in a solution and can be determined, for example, by titrating a corresponding solution with a KOH solution up to the neutralization point.
  • the amount of KOH consumed in relation to the face of the solution corresponds to the acid number, expressed in mg K o H / g solution .
  • the water content in such reaction media is usually in the range from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, more preferably in the range from 0.2 to 5.0% by weight, particularly preferably 0.5 to 3.0% by weight.
  • the fatty acids to be hydrogenated in the context of the present invention are saturated or unsaturated fatty acids which, due to their chain lengths, are divided into short-chain fatty acids (up to 6-8 carbon atoms), medium-chain (6-8 to 12 carbon atoms) and long-chain ( 13 to 21 carbon atoms). In addition, fatty acids with more than 22 carbon atoms can also be used.
  • the determination of the loss on ignition in the context of the present invention was carried out in accordance with DIN 51081 by determining the weight of approx. 1-2 g of a sample of the material to be analyzed and then heating it to 900 ° C. in a room atmosphere and storing it at this temperature for 3 h became. The sample was then cooled in a protective atmosphere and the remaining weight was measured. The difference between the weight before and after the thermal treatment corresponds to the loss on ignition.
  • the side compressive strength (SDF) was determined according to ASTM 04179-01 without predrying the tablets. A statistically sufficient number of tablets (at least 20 tablets) was measured and the arithmetic mean of the individual measurements was calculated. This mean value corresponds to the lateral compressive strength of a specific sample.
  • the acid number was determined by mixing approx. 4 g of the sample solution with 25 ml of propanol and adding phenolphthalein as an indicator. The solution was titrated at room temperature with a tetrabutylammonium hydroxide solution (0.1 mol / L in 2-propanol / methanol) until the color changed.
  • the specific BET surface areas were determined by means of nitrogen adsorption according to DIN 66131. ok The pore volume of the shaped catalyst body was measured by the mercury porosimetry method in accordance with DIN 66133 in a pressure range from 1 to 2000 bar.
  • the weight fraction of copper spinel CuAl 2 0 4 in the shaped catalyst body and the crystal size of the copper were determined by means of X-ray diffractometry and Rietveld refinement.
  • the sample was measured in a D4 Endeavor from BRUKER over a range from 5 to 90 ° 20 (step sequence 0.020 ° 20, 1.5 seconds measurement time per step).
  • CuKal radiation (wavelength 1, 54060 ⁇ , 40 kV, 35 mA) was used as the radiation.
  • the sample plate was rotated around its axis at a speed of 30 revolutions / min during the measurement.
  • the diffractogram of the reflection intensities obtained was calculated quantitatively by means of Rietveld refinement and the proportion of copper spinel CuAl 2 0 4 in the sample was determined.
  • the software TOPAS, Version 6, from BRUKER was used to determine the proportion of the respective crystal phases.
  • the crystallite size of the copper was determined on the basis of the reflection at 43.3 ° 20 by calculating it using the software using the Scherrer formula.
  • An aqueous solution 1 was prepared by adding 4482 g of Cu (NC> 3) 2 2.5 H 2 O to 3000 ml of demineralized water. 3000 mL nitric acid (65% by weight HNO3) were then added to the mixture. The acidic solution was made up to a total volume of 23330 mL with demineralized water. The pH of the solution was -0.20. The solution was then heated to 80 ° C.
  • a precipitation container was provided for the precipitation, which was filled with 8000 mL demineralized water.
  • the copper-containing solution and the carbonate-containing solution were introduced into this at the same time.
  • the metering rate was set so that the precipitating solution had a pH of about 6.5.
  • the precipitate was filtered off and washed with demineralized water in order to remove adhering impurities.
  • the filter cake was then resuspended in 8000 mL demineralized water and dried.
  • the spray-dried powder was then calcined at 750 ° C. for 2 hours.
  • the crystallite size of the copper in the shaped body after reduction was 9.5 nm.
  • the pore volume was 314 mm 3 / g, the BET specific surface area was 103 m 2 / g.
  • Example 3 Production of the catalyst 2 according to the invention
  • the calcined powder obtained in Example 1 were mixed with 7.2 g of graphite and mixed for 10 minutes, so that a homogeneous mixture was formed.
  • This mixture was first compacted and granulated and then pressed in a tablet press of the Pressima type from Kilian to give tablets with a width of 4.5 mm and a height of 3 mm. Finally, the tablets were subjected to calcination at 450 ° C. for 2 hours.
  • the side compressive strength of the tablets was 155 N.
  • Catalyst A was prepared by precipitating a copper- and chromium-containing precipitate, converting it into the oxidic form by thermal treatment and pressing it into tablets with a width of 4.5 mm and a height of 3 mm.
  • an aqueous solution 1 was prepared by adding 1250 g of CU (N0 3 ) 2 3 H 2 0, 220 g of Mn (N0 3 ) 2 4 H 2 0 and 1800 g of Al (N0 3 ) 3 9 H 2 0 were dissolved in 9000 g of distilled H 2 0.
  • the powder for catalyst C was prepared according to the method of preparation of the powder for catalyst B, the proportion of Mn (N0 3 ) 2 4 H 2 0 being chosen so that the relative weight proportion of the manganese in the powder obtained in this way, based on the mass Loss on ignition, was 0.1% by weight.
  • the bulk density of the tablets obtained in this way was 1152 g / l.
  • Some of the material obtained after the tableting of comparative catalysts A, B and C and of catalyst 1 according to the invention was subjected to a reduction.
  • the sample was thermally treated in a gas mixture of 2% by volume of H2 and 98% by volume of N2 at a temperature of 200 ° C. in order to reduce the amount of Cu present in the oxidic state.
  • the sample was then cooled to room temperature under nitrogen and stored under liquid iso-decanol.
  • the side compressive strength of this sample was then measured and used for application examples 1 to 3.
  • the acid stability was determined by adding a total amount of tableted, reduced and stabilized samples of 25 g with a liquid mixture of 75 g of an oxoaldehyde solution, a water content of 1 weight, from each of the inventive catalysts 1 and the comparative catalysts A, B and C -% and an acid number of 0.2 mg KOH / gi_ ösung was mixed. This mixture was heated at 120 ° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for 4 days. The tabletted sample was separated from the liquid mixture after the test had ended. Immediately afterwards, their side compressive strength was measured.
  • the oxoaldehyde solution after the test was carried out was analyzed for the presence of Cu, Al, Cr, and Mn.
  • Table 1 clearly shows that the catalyst according to the invention, on the one hand, already has a higher lateral compressive strength after reduction than the catalysts known from the prior art. The increased stability against the effects of acid and water can be seen even more clearly on the basis of the values for the side compressive strength after the end of the test.
  • the catalyst according to the invention also has the The highest value of the side compressive strength, while, in contrast, the tablets of the chromium-free CuAIMn catalyst broke during the test and no side compressive strength could be sensibly measured.
  • the data from Table 2 show that the catalyst according to the invention is largely stable to a loss of copper species under the drastic test conditions, while this is significantly higher for the comparison catalysts. Overall, the catalyst according to the invention has a low total loss of metals compared with the comparison catalysts.
  • Application example 2 Hydrogenation of oxoaldehydes to oxo alcohols
  • catalyst 1 according to the invention causes conversion rates of the aldehyde which approximately correspond to those of the commercial chromium-containing catalyst A under comparable test conditions. A similar behavior can also be seen for the formation of the corresponding alcohol.
  • the catalyst according to the invention is thus an environmentally friendly alternative to the chromium-containing catalysts used hitherto.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un catalyseur amélioré sur la base d'un corps de catalyseur façonné pour hydrogéner des groupes carbonyle dans des composés organiques sous l'effet d'acides et d'eau, caractérisé en ce que le corps de catalyseur façonné contient du cuivre en une quantité de 17,5 à 34,5 % en poids, par rapport au corps de catalyseur mis en forme et le cuivre est présent dans le corps de catalyseur façonné à au moins 70 % sous la forme d'un spinelle de cuivre CuAl2O4. L'invention concerne également la production du catalyseur et son utilisation dans l'hydrogénation de groupes carbonyle dans des composés organiques en présence d'acides et/ou d'eau.
EP21711816.5A 2020-03-13 2021-03-09 Catalyseur d'hydrogénation sans chrome présentant une stabilité accrue à l'eau et aux acides Pending EP4117814A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102020106964.2A DE102020106964A1 (de) 2020-03-13 2020-03-13 Chromfreier hydrierkatalysator mit erhoehter wasser- und saeurestabilitaet
PCT/EP2021/055910 WO2021180717A1 (fr) 2020-03-13 2021-03-09 Catalyseur d'hydrogénation sans chrome présentant une stabilité accrue à l'eau et aux acides

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EP4117814A1 true EP4117814A1 (fr) 2023-01-18

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WO2023246892A1 (fr) * 2022-06-22 2023-12-28 Basf Corporation Corps de catalyseur mis en forme

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NO146046L (fr) * 1980-03-28
JPH03128334A (ja) 1989-07-04 1991-05-31 Ube Ind Ltd アルコールの製造方法
US5008235A (en) 1989-12-21 1991-04-16 Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Technology Corporation Catalysts of Cu-Al-third metal for hydrogenation
DE4141199A1 (de) 1991-12-13 1993-06-17 Sued Chemie Ag Chromfreier katalysator fuer die hydrierung von organischen verbindungen, die die carbonylfunktionen enthalten
WO1997034694A1 (fr) 1996-03-21 1997-09-25 Engelhard Corporation PREPARATION ET UTILISATION DE CATALYSEURS SANS CHROME POUR DES APPLICATIONS DANS DES CATALYSEURS Cu/Cr
DE10313702A1 (de) 2003-03-27 2004-10-07 Basf Ag Katalysator und Verfahren zur Hydrierung von Carbonylverbindungen
JP2012115771A (ja) * 2010-12-01 2012-06-21 Toyota Industries Corp 触媒とその製造方法
DE102014013530A1 (de) * 2014-09-12 2016-03-17 Clariant International Ltd. Extrudierter Cu-Al-Mn-Hydrierkatalysator
KR101884928B1 (ko) 2017-03-28 2018-08-30 금호석유화학 주식회사 금속산화물 촉매, 그 제조방법, 및 이를 이용한 알코올의 제조방법

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CN115279488A (zh) 2022-11-01
WO2021180717A1 (fr) 2021-09-16
JP2023515147A (ja) 2023-04-12
AR121552A1 (es) 2022-06-15
JP7509900B2 (ja) 2024-07-02

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