EP4116182B1 - Ship and system adapted for collection of distant windpower - Google Patents

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a ship and a system capable of nomadically collecting offshore wind energy, storing it in chemical form, in a battery, in the form of dihydrogen, in synthetic fuel or e-fuel, then to bring it back to a collection point, for example on land.

Such a vessel has the advantage of moving towards windy areas and following depressions so as to maximize the load factor of electrical production, while eliminating the need for anchoring fixed structures such as wind turbines.

Prior art

So-called offshore wind installations are known to enable higher load factors to be obtained than onshore wind installations.

The load factor is defined as the ratio of the electrical energy produced by the generator, driven by wind power during a reference period, generally 1 year, by the theoretical quantity of energy which would have been produced over the same period of reference if the generator had produced at its full power over the same period.

Thus this load factor is a composite parameter which takes into account both the performance of the means itself, that is to say its production power as a function of the wind speed for a wind turbine, the stops for maintenance and breakdown rates over the same reference period, but also the environment in which this means produces, which defines the frequency and intensity of windy episodes.

Thus onshore wind power displays load factors of between 20% and 25%, offshore wind power has load factors of between 40% and 60%, favored by the consistency and power of offshore winds.

However, the development of offshore wind power is limited by several factors.

The depth of the ocean floor beyond a certain depth increases installation costs very significantly.

The distance from the coast, which requires pulling underwater cables to bring back the electricity produced.

Thus offshore wind installations remain not far from the coasts where their operation competes with rival uses (navigation, fishing, etc.) and where they cannot take full advantage of the constancy and power of the winds.

There are also floating wind power systems, installed offshore and storing the energy they produce in the form of hydrogen by electrolysis of water. Hydrogen thus produced is collected from time to time by a suitable vessel and brought back to the coast.

However, in the latter case, production remains dependent on the weather at the place where the wind turbine is moored, and on the collection system.

The co-pending patent application FR2101157 describes a catamaran-type vessel equipped with a Flettner-type rotating rig, suitable for nomadic collection of wind energy offshore, and for storing this energy chemically.

This ship is equipped with tidal turbines under its floats, which are rotated when the ship moves and produce electricity.

The ship thus enters a port from time to time so that the energy thus stored can be recovered.

Although this system is generally satisfactory, its effectiveness can still be improved.

Thus the Flettner type rigging, producing a thrust both perpendicular to the wind and to the axis of rotation of the rotor, means that in ideal wind conditions with respect to electrical production, the ship takes a list. under the effect of the wind which reduces the efficiency of the rigging, the axis of rotation of which is then no longer perpendicular to the wind.

Furthermore, the dimensions of the ship are such that only substantial port facilities are capable of accommodating it for the unloading of the energy storage means.

The document US 2015/027125 describes a catamaran type vessel comprising 4 Flettner rotors and reversible tidal turbines, making it possible to use the latter to produce and store electricity when the vessel is moved by the sails and to use this stored energy to propel the vessel in the event of absence of wind, using the tidal turbines in propulsion mode.

The document WO 2010/00277 describes a device for producing electrical energy from marine currents comprising a floating part and a submerged part.

The document US 2005/0252764 describes a multihull sailing ship and tidal turbines to produce electricity during the movement of the ship pushed by its rigging and to produce dihydrogen by electrolysis of water using the electricity thus produced.

Summary of the invention

The invention aims to resolve the drawbacks of the prior art and to this end relates to an amphidrome multihull vessel of the Pacific type, comprising a hull (101) producing a first displacement as a function of its draft and a float parallel to the hull producing a second displacement as a function of its draft, the float and the hull being linked by a beam (130) and spaced apart from each other by a distance y , the hull carrying a rotating rigging of Flettner type capable of producing a thrust perpendicular both to its axis of rotation and to a wind direction, the float comprising ballasts and means for filling and emptying said ballasts, vessel in which the hull comprises a submerged tidal turbine capable of producing electricity by the movement of the vessel and the float comprises a storage battery capable of storing electricity produced by said tidal turbine, in which said storage battery being linked to the float in a housing in a removable manner by locking means so as to be able to be embarked and disembarked.

Thus, the ability to modify the ship's list through ballast and the removable battery makes it possible to exchange the battery when the ship is anchored offshore without it being necessary to reach a port.

The invention is implemented according to the embodiments and variants set out below, which are to be considered individually or in any technically effective combination.

Advantageously, the beam links the float to the hull in a relative vertical position of the float relative to the hull so that the ship being loaded and in the absence of wind, the drafts of the hull and of the float are such as vessel is inclined from a list of an angle α towards the float.

Thus, the counter-heel inclination of the ship makes it possible to straighten it in favorable wind regimes and thus increase the efficiency of the Flettner rigging.

According to one embodiment, the angle α is greater than or equal to 8°.

This embodiment is suitable for operating the vessel in a wind speed range of between 8 and 30 knots (3 to 7 Beauforts).

According to one embodiment, the hull comprises two Flettner type rotating rigging.

Advantageously, each Flettner rigging comprises 2 sections superimposed along its axis of rotation and comprises at the junction between said two sections a shroud connection between the rigging and the float.

This embodiment makes it possible to distribute the rolling tilting torque exerted at the foot of each Flettner rig.

According to a variant of this embodiment, the Flettner rotary rigging comprises a central mast, and a plurality of sections superimposed along its axis of rotation, each section of the plurality comprising a catenoid-shaped canvas, stretched between two centered coaxial hoops on the axis of rotation, linked to the central mast and separated from each other parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotating rigging, so as to exert traction on the canvas parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotating rigging , said canvases forming the aerodynamic surface of the rotating rigging.

This variant makes it possible to lighten the Flettner rigging.

The invention also relates to a system for collecting wind energy in the form of electricity comprising a vessel according to the invention and a buoy mooring, in which the storage battery includes means to ensure its flotation.

Advantageously, the ship includes between the hull and the float a hauling device for loading or unloading the storage battery from the float.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the floating storage battery of the system which is the subject of the invention comprises propulsion means.

In the case where the floating storage battery does not include its own propulsion means, the system includes a second mooring buoy intended for the storage battery, so as to moor said battery during an exchange.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the collection system comprises a telecommunications satellite and a control station remote from the ship, the ship and the control station comprising means for establishing a radio link with the telecommunications satellite, the control station controlling the ship remotely via the radio link.

This embodiment allows the collection of energy without a crew being on board the ship.

1. i) amarrer le navire à la bouée d'amarrage ;
2. ii) ballaster le flotteur de sorte à incliner le navire ;
3. iii) sortir la batterie de stockage de son logement par treuillage ;
4. iv) évacuer la batterie de stockage.

The invention also relates to a method for disembarking a storage battery from the system which is the subject of the invention comprising the steps consisting of:

1. i) moor the vessel to the mooring buoy;
2. ii) ballast the float so as to tilt the vessel;
3. iii) remove the storage battery from its housing by winching;
4. iv) evacuate the storage battery.

1. a) amarrer le navire à la bouée d'amarrage ;
2. b) ballaster le flotteur de sorte à incliner le navire ;
3. c) amener la batterie de stockage entre le flotteur et la coque du navire ;
4. d) treuiller la batterie de stockage dans son logement du flotteur ;
5. e) déballaster le flotteur et verrouiller la batterie de stockage dans son logement.

The invention also relates to a method for loading a storage battery onto the vessel of the system which is the subject of the invention, comprising the steps consisting of:

1. a) moor the vessel to the mooring buoy;
2. b) ballast the float so as to tilt the vessel;
3. c) bring the storage battery between the float and the hull of the ship;
4. d) winch the storage battery into its float housing;
5. e) unballast the float and lock the storage battery in its housing.

Brief description of the drawings

• Fig.1
  [Fig.1] représente selon une vue schématique en perspective un exemple de réalisation du navire objet de l'invention ;
• Fig.2
  [Fig.2] montre schématiquement le navire objet de l'invention selon une vue de face en l'absence de vent ;
• Fig.3
  [Fig.3] est la même vue que la [Fig.2] mais en présence de vent et comprend une vue de détail schématique de la jonction entre le mât et un hauban ;
• Fig.4
  [Fig.4] montre le navire objet de l'invention de face avant le ballastage du flotteur ;
• Fig.5
  [Fig.5] montre selon la vue de la [Fig.4], le treuillage dans ou hors de son logement d'une batterie de stockage après ballastage du flotteur ;
• Fig.6
  [Fig.6] représente un synopsis en vue de dessus du procédé d'échange d'une batterie de stockage dans le système objet de l'invention ;
• Fig.7
  [Fig.7] est une vue schématique de profil d'un exemple de réalisation d'un bateau-batterie ;
• Fig.8
  [Fig.8] représente de manière schématique les coupes au maître de la coque et du flotteur non liés par une poutre et leurs positions de flottaison individuelles ;
• Fig.9
  [Fig.9] montre une coupe au maître schématique du navire et les positions de flottaison relatives du flotteur et de la coque lorsqu'ils sont liés par une poutre ;
• Fig.10
  [Fig.10] est une vue partielle en coupe AA définie [Fig.3] d'un exemple de réalisation d'un gréement Flettner.
  Fig.11
• [Fig.11] représente schématiquement un mode de réalisation du système comprenant un satellite et une station de commande à distance.

The invention is implemented according to its preferred embodiments, which are in no way limiting, and with reference to the figures 1 to 11 in which :

• Fig.1
  [ Fig.1 ] represents in a schematic perspective view an exemplary embodiment of the ship which is the subject of the invention;
• Fig.2
  [ Fig.2 ] schematically shows the ship which is the subject of the invention in a front view in the absence of wind;
• Fig.3
  [ Fig.3 ] is the same view as the [ Fig.2 ] but in the presence of wind and includes a schematic detail view of the junction between the mast and a guy wire;
• Fig.4
  [ Fig.4 ] shows the ship which is the subject of the invention from the front before ballast of the float;
• Fig.5
  [ Fig.5 ] shows according to the view of the [ Fig.4 ], winching a storage battery into or out of its housing after ballasting the float;
• Fig.6
  [ Fig.6 ] represents a synopsis in top view of the method of exchanging a storage battery in the system which is the subject of the invention;
• Fig.7
  [ Fig.7 ] is a schematic profile view of an example of a battery boat;
• Fig.8
  [ Fig.8 ] schematically represents the master sections of the hull and the float not linked by a beam and their individual flotation positions;
• Fig.9
  [ Fig.9 ] shows a schematic master cut of the ship and the relative waterline positions of the float and hull when linked by a beam;
• Fig.10
  [ Fig.10 ] is a partial view in AA section defined [ Fig.3 ] of an example of a Flettner rig.
  Fig.11
• [ Fig.11 ] schematically represents an embodiment of the system comprising a satellite and a remote control station.

For the sake of clarity, the figures are schematic and individually represent each characteristic of the invention. Unless specifically stated, all of these features may be combined in part or in whole on the same vessel.

Description of embodiments

[ Fig.1 ], according to an exemplary embodiment, the ship (100) object of the invention is a multihull ship designed according to a "pacific prao" type architecture, comprising a hull (101) and a float (102) parallel to said hull and linked to it by one or more beams (130).

Unlike more classic trimarans and catamarans, the prao does not tack. He is amphidrome, that is to say that it always sails with the float (102) to the wind in counterweight.

This feature is used to balance the effect of the wind on the rigging as explained below.

The hull (101) carries, according to this embodiment, a rigging composed of one or more Flettner rotary rigging (111, 112) comprising a rotor each rotating with a substantially vertical axis (110).

Each Flettner rig (111, 112) produces a thrust (190) whose direction is perpendicular to the axis of rotation (110) of the rotor and to the direction of the wind (180).

The hull (101) comprises in its submerged part one or more tidal turbines (120) comprising a hydraulic turbine, rotated by the movement of the vessel under the effect of the wind and which produce electricity via a generator coupled to the hydraulic turbine.

The float (102) is always oriented towards the wind and in counterweight, so that the turbines of said tidal turbines are always submerged to produce electricity.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the length of the vessel is 80 m, its width is 21 m, the length of the float (102) is 60 m and the height of the Flettner rigging (111, 112) is 50 m for a diameter of 7 m, the rotors being rotated at a speed between 0 and 130 revolutions per minute.

Such a vessel is able to follow windy areas on the high seas to collect energy and produce electricity.

[ Fig.2 ], advantageously, in the absence of wind, the weight and shape of the float (102) and the hull (101) are such that the ship takes a list and that the axis of rotation (110) of the rotors of the rigging Flettner is inclined at an angle α towards the float (102) with reference to a line perpendicular to the waterline (210).

Typically α is of the order of 8°.

To this end, [ Fig.8 ], when the hull (101) taken alone, that is to say not connected to the float (102) by a beam, is immersed theoretically while it is subjected to its own weight and that of the elements which it transports, in particular the Flettner rigging, it sinks to a certain depth (801) in relation to the water level (800) according to its shape and its draft, so that the thrust of 'Archimedes balances his total weight.

In the same way, the float (102) taken individually, that is to say not connected to the hull by a beam, and subjected to its own weight as well as that of the elements which it transports, in particular a battery storage of the electricity produced, sinks to a certain depth (802) relative to the water level (800), depth depending on its shape and its draft, so that the thrust of 'Archimedes balances his total weight.

It is thus easy, under these theoretical conditions, to define a difference in height h (803) between, for example, an upper part of the hull (101) and an upper part of the float (102), both submerged individually.

[ Fig.9 ], to obtain a heel angle α when the ship is at rest and in the absence of wind, the beam (130) connecting the float (102) to the hull (101) is installed such that the hull is the float being a distance y apart (904), said beam connects the float to the hull such that the difference in height (903) between the upper part of the hull (101) and the upper part of the float is equal at (hx). Under these conditions, as a first approximation, tan(α) = x / y.

If y = 20 m and x = 3 m, α = 8°.

Launched, the ship will then tilt at an angle close to α until the Archimedean thrusts applying to the hull and the float balance its weight.

So, [ Fig.3 ], in navigation conditions, the float (102) being placed to windward, the aerodynamic force exerted by the apparent wind (380) on the Flettner rigging, exerts a capsizing torque which tends to right the vessel, so that the axis of rotation (110) of the rotors of said rigging is substantially vertical in favorable wind conditions, typically for crosswinds whose speed is between 8 knots (4.12 ms') and 30 knots (15.43 ms ^-1 ), the rotor being vertical for a crosswind of 18 knots (9.26 ms').

The Flettner rig produces a thrust perpendicular to the wind and perpendicular to the axis of rotation (110) of the rotor, it is more efficient in these conditions.

Under these conditions, the feet of the Flettner rigging masts are subjected to a bending torque around the thrust axis.

To this end, according to an advantageous embodiment, a Flettner rig comprises several sections (311, 312) superimposed along the axis of rotation (110) of the rotor around the mast (310).

Between all or part of said sections (311, 312) the mast is linked to the float (102) via one or more shrouds (315) so as to limit the concentration of the bending torque at the base of the mast.

Advantageously, the junction between a stay (315) and the mast (310) comprises a cowling (316), for example linked to the rotors (311, 312) so as to limit the unfavorable aerodynamic effects of this junction.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the Flettner rigging is lightened so as to keep the center of gravity of the ship as low as possible and thus improve its stability, limit the energy necessary to drive the rotors in rotation, and limit the volumes ballast to carry out the battery loading and unloading operations as explained below.

To this end, [ Fig.10 ], and according to an exemplary embodiment, the Flettner rigging comprises several sections (1001, 1002) superimposed along the axis of rotation (110) of the rotor.

Each section extends between two hoops (1010 ₁ , 1010 ₂ , 1010 ₃ ) separated from each other, parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor (110), by a spacer (1020 ₁ , 1020 ₂ ) tubular to which they are linked in rotation by their central part, for example by bolting. These spacers assembled together via the central parts of the hoops, constitute the central mast, centered on the axis (110) of the rotor, which mast is driven in rotation when said rotor is used for propulsion of the ship.

Said hoops are circular and coaxial, centered on the axis of rotation (110) of the rotor, and according to this embodiment, are of the same diameters without this last characteristic constituting a limitation.

The exterior surface of the rigging is made of stretched canvas (1030). Each section comprises a canvas (1030) extending between two hoops and forming a cylindrical surface substantially in the shape of a diabolo, the canvas thus stretched describing a catenoid.

This catenoid shape results from an equilibrium configuration taken by the canvas under the effect of the tension applied to it by an installed traction, exerted by the hoops parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor.

The high tension of the canvas gives it the rigidity necessary to serve as an aerodynamic surface for the Flettner rig, the spacers, hoops and canvases are rotated when said rotor is rotating.

Internal stays (1015) extending between two directly superimposed hoops and in the volume between the spacer and the canvas, perfect the rigidity of the assembly and in particular its torsional rigidity.

This construction limits the mass and rotational inertia of Flettner rigs.

The spacers and the hoops are advantageously made of a light alloy or a composite material with fibrous reinforcement.

According to non-limiting examples of embodiment, the fabric (1030) is for example made of a fluoropolymer such as a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), an ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) chosen for their resistance to environmental conditions and their stability, or a fabric of natural fibers, such as cotton, linen, or even polymer fibers, the fabric possibly being reinforced by a weave of glass or carbon fibers, which fabric is coated with a fluoropolymer film.

[ Fig.4 ], according to an advantageous embodiment, the float (102) comprises a location (421) capable of receiving a storage battery, and comprises a volume ballastable (not shown) so that the list of the ship can be modified by filling or emptying said ballastable volume.

Said storage battery is intended to store the electrical energy produced by the tidal turbines to then be transported to a place of consumption of this electrical energy, on land or at sea, but separate from the collection vessel.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the battery is of the Li-on type.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the ship further comprises one or more batteries, also rechargeable by the tidal turbines or by other means such as solar panels, or if necessary by the storage battery, but of lower capacity, and intended to power the systems on board the ship.

According to a non-limiting exemplary embodiment, the float moves a volume of 1100 m ³ , the storage battery with a capacity of 20 MWh corresponds to a movement volume of 300 m ³ and the ballastable volume is 50 m ³ .

Thus, through the use of ballast, the heel angle α can be modified while the ship is at anchor, so as to facilitate boarding and disembarking from the storage battery.

To this end, the ship comprises one or more guide lines (430) extending between the hull (101) and the float (102) between winches (431, 432), which guide lines make it possible to haul a battery of floating storage in or out of its location (421) in the float.

Thus, the invention also relates to a system comprising the vessel described above and one or more floating storage batteries.

A floating storage battery comprises a battery, for example of 20 MWh capacity, provided with means ensuring its flotation.

According to alternative embodiments, said floating battery may or may not include its own propulsion means. When it has its own means of propulsion, it is designated as a “battery boat”, in the other case the floating storage battery is moved by means of a towing boat.

[ Fig.11 ], according to an exemplary embodiment the system comprises a communications satellite (1190), the ship (1100), here equipped with lightweight Flettner rigging without this configuration being limiting, comprising means for establishing a satellite link (1192) with said satellite (1190).

The system further comprises a control station (1150) located on land or in a surface vessel (1150), provided with means for communicating with the ship (1100) via its own satellite link (1191).

According to this example of implementation, the ship does not include a crew on board to monitor windy areas and collect energy.

Thus the collection vessel is controlled remotely from the control station in function of the meteorology so as to follow the wind. A control station is able to remotely control several collection vessels to cover a very large geographical area.

[ Fig.7 ], according to an exemplary embodiment, a battery boat (700) comprises a main thruster (710) of the “pod” type comprising an electric motor and which can be oriented along at least one axis (711) and a bow thruster (720). ) so as to give it good maneuverability.

The propulsion means of the battery boat are powered by the battery itself or by auxiliary batteries, which are recharged for example when the battery boat is at the dock or by solar panels carried by said battery.

[ Fig.5 ], according to an example of implementing the embarkation of a storage battery (520), the ship being moored, the ballasts of the float (102) are filled so as to increase the angle of heel α towards the float , for example up to a value α = 11°.

The floating storage battery (520) is placed between the float (102) and the hull (101) either using its own means of propulsion, in the case of a battery boat, or by a towing boat.

The floating storage battery (520) is then linked to the guide lines by mooring means (530) present on said battery and the action of the winches (431, 432) makes it possible to pull it into its housing (421). ).

The ballasts are emptied while the battery is held in position by the guide lines, then the battery is locked into its housing.

The disembarkation is generally done by operations in reverse, the ship is ballasted, the battery is unlocked, it is then pulled out of its housing via the guide lines, until it is between the float and the hull , there the floating storage battery is evacuated either by its own means of propulsion or by a towing boat.

The advantage is that these steps do not require the ship to be in port, at the quay, to be carried out, and can be carried out offshore with the ship at anchor.

Thus, the invention also relates to a method for exchanging batteries between a full storage battery and an empty storage battery, implementing the system described above and further comprising a mooring buoy, or several mooring buoys. mooring corresponding to storage battery exchange locations, easily distributed in a defined geographical area.

According to an example embodiment, the ship is controlled remotely during its electricity collection. In this case, the implementation of the method described below comprises, before the first step, the boarding of a crew on board said vessel, capable of taking control of it and carrying out the maneuvers corresponding to certain of the steps.

This crew is brought on board, for example by means of an inflatable boat. Prior to its boarding, it is for example on board the “battery boat” or the floating storage battery tug.

Prior to the following steps, a crew operator disconnects and electrically isolates the electrically charged floating battery (520 ₁ ) with a view to replacing it.

[ Fig.6 ], according to a trunk taking step (610), the ship (100) is moored to the mooring buoy (601) intended for it. This step is for example carried out by a member of the crew transported on board the ship.

The ship is moored facing the wind (180) and facing the waves (181).

Advantageously, during the period during which the ship is moored, the tidal turbines, powered by the ship's own means, are used in propulsion mode in order to stabilize the ship.

During a ballast step (615), the ballasts of the float are filled so as to bring the floating battery, still in its housing, close to its flotation height.

During a slinging step (620), the battery (520 ₁ ) is secured to the guide lines (430).

During an unlocking step (625), the floating battery is separated from its housing.

During a winching step (630) the floating storage battery (520 ₁ ) is winched between the float (102) and the hull (101) of the ship.

During an unhooking step (635), the floating storage battery (520 ₁ ) is detached from the guide lines.

The slinging, winching and battery unhooking maneuvers are carried out by the crew on board the vessel.

During an evacuation step (640), the electrically charged storage battery (520 ₁ ) is recovered by the towing boat or evacuates itself by its own propulsion means, the ship is then ready to receive a new storage battery (520 ₂ ).

During a positioning step (645) the new storage battery (520 ₂ ) is placed between the hull (101) and the float (102) of the ship.

During a slinging step (650) the new battery (520 ₂ ) is secured to the guide lines.

During a winching step (655), the new battery is winched into its housing.

During a disconnection step (660) the new battery is separated from the guide lines and pre-locked in its housing.

During a deballasting stage (665) the float ballasts are emptied and the ship rights itself.

During a locking step (670) the new battery is locked in its housing, and the electrical connections are established.

During an unmooring step (675), the ship is unmoored from the buoy.

During a departure stage (680) the crew leaves the ship which leaves for an energy collection campaign.

In the case where the floating batteries are devoid of propulsion means and they are moved by a towing boat, the system includes one or two additional mooring buoys allowing the new battery (520 ₂ ) to be moored, particularly during the evacuation step (640) and docking the charged battery (520 ₁ ) during the steps following this evacuation step.

Those skilled in the art organize the steps presented above in the case of a simple disembarkation or embarkation operation without exchange of storage battery.

The examples of implementation above show that the invention achieves the intended goal and that it makes it possible, by “following the wind”, to collect wind energy in a nomadic manner so as to achieve a high load factor without requiring infrastructure. major fixed and port sites, without modifying the landscape, without modifying the seabed and without submarine cables.

The system which is the subject of the invention is flexible and makes it possible to supply several territories in a variable manner according to their variable needs, in particular the islands. It can easily be assigned to serve another territory, even far away, and can be subject to maintenance and repair operations at the port.

A system comprising one or more ships and 2 or more exchangeable batteries makes it possible to supply an area with electricity without interruption.

Claims (14)

1. A Pacific prao-type amphidromic multihull vessel (100), comprising a hull (101) producing a first displacement according to its draft and a float (102) parallel to the hull producing a second displacement according to its draft, the float and the hull being linked by a beam (130) and separated from each other by a distance y (904), the hull carrying a Flettner-type rotary rigging (111, 112) capable of producing a thrust perpendicular to both its axis of rotation (110) and a wind direction (180), the float (102) comprising ballasts and means for filling and emptying said ballasts, wherein the hull (101) comprises a submerged hydro-turbine (120) capable of producing electricity by the movement of the vessel and the float comprises a storage battery (520) capable of storing the electricity produced by said tidal turbine, characterized in that said storage battery is removably connected to the float (102) into a housing (421) by locking means so that it can be loaded and unloaded.
2. The vessel according to claim 1, wherein the beam (130) connects the float (102) to the hull (101) in a relative vertical position (903) of the float with respect to the hull so that the vessel being loaded and in the absence of wind, the draughts of the hull and the float are such that the vessel is inclined by a heeling angle α towards the float (102).
3. The vessel according to claim 2, wherein the angle α is greater than or equal to 8°.
4. The vessel according to claim 1, wherein the hull comprises 2 rotating Flettner-type riggings (111, 112).
5. The vessel according to claim 1, wherein a Flettner rotary rig comprises 2 sections (311, 312) superimposed along its axis of rotation (110) and that it comprises at the junction between said two sections a stay connection (315) between the sail and the float (102).
6. The vessel according to claim 5, wherein the cable stay connection (315) at the junction between said sections (311, 312) is protected by an aerodynamic cowling (316).
7. The vessel according to claim 5, wherein the Flettner rotary rigging comprises a central mast, and a plurality of sections (1001, 1002) superimposed along its axis of rotation (110), each section of the plurality comprising a catenoid-shaped cloth (1030), stretched between two coaxial hoops (1010) centered on the axis of rotation (110), connected to the central mast and separated from each other parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotary rigging, so as to exert on the cloth a traction parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotary rigging, said cloths forming the aerodynamic surface of the rotary rigging.
8. A wind energy to electricity collection system comprising a ship (100) according to claim 1 and a mooring buoy (601), wherein the storage battery (520) comprises means for ensuring its buoyancy.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the vessel includes between the hull and the float a winch device (430, 431, 432) for loading or unloading the storage battery (520₁, 520₂) from the float.
10. The system of claim 9 wherein the storage battery (700) comprises propulsion means.
11. The system of claim 8, comprising a second mooring buoy for the storage battery.
12. The system of claim 8, further comprising a telecommunications satellite (1190) and a remote control station of the vessel, the vessel and the control station comprising means for establishing a radio link with the telecommunications satellite, the control station controlling the vessel remotely via the radio link.
13. A method for unloading a storage battery (520₁ of a system according to claim 11 comprising the steps of:

    i) mooring (610) the vessel to the mooring buoy (601);

    ii) ballasting (615) the float so as to tilt the vessel;

    iii) removing the storage battery from its housing (421) by winching (630);

    iv) evacuating (640) the storage battery.
14. A method for loading a storage battery (520₂ onto the ship of a system according to claim 11, comprising the steps of:

    a) mooring (610) the ship to the mooring buoy;

    b) ballasting (615) the float so as to tilt the ship;

    c) bringing (645) the storage battery between the float and the hull of the ship;

    d) winching (650) the storage battery in its float housing;

    e) deballasting (665) the float and locking (670) the storage battery in its housing (421).

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