EP4115075A1 - Nozzle needle for a fuel injector, and injector housing for a nozzle needle - Google Patents
Nozzle needle for a fuel injector, and injector housing for a nozzle needleInfo
- Publication number
- EP4115075A1 EP4115075A1 EP21716081.1A EP21716081A EP4115075A1 EP 4115075 A1 EP4115075 A1 EP 4115075A1 EP 21716081 A EP21716081 A EP 21716081A EP 4115075 A1 EP4115075 A1 EP 4115075A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle needle
- plastic
- injector
- ceramic sleeve
- injector housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/166—Selection of particular materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
- F02M61/10—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type
- F02M61/12—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type characterised by the provision of guiding or centring means for valve bodies
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/168—Assembling; Disassembling; Manufacturing; Adjusting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/80—Fuel injection apparatus manufacture, repair or assembly
- F02M2200/8038—Fuel injection apparatus manufacture, repair or assembly the assembly involving use of adhesives, glue or the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/80—Fuel injection apparatus manufacture, repair or assembly
- F02M2200/8046—Fuel injection apparatus manufacture, repair or assembly the manufacture involving injection moulding, e.g. of plastic or metal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/90—Selection of particular materials
- F02M2200/9007—Ceramic materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/90—Selection of particular materials
- F02M2200/9015—Elastomeric or plastic materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nozzle needle for a fuel! injector and an injector housing for a nozzle needle.
- nozzle needle also:
- Injector needle which lets a high pressure fuel exit when an outlet hole of the injector is opened.
- This nozzle needle acts in interaction with this outlet opening like a plug that allows fuel to escape when raised. Accordingly, it is necessary to lift this needle at relatively short time intervals and to slide it back into the outlet opening again after a short time.
- Hydraulic servo valves can be used to trigger this movement. Such valves, in turn, are controlled with the aid of an electromagnet. Alternatively, a piezo element can be used, which reacts faster than the valve controlled by means of an electromagnet.
- servo valves which control the nozzle needle and are themselves controlled via an electromagnetic valve or piezo valve.
- a pressure level is built up in a control chamber that interacts with the nozzle needle with the aid of the fuel available under high pressure, which pressure level acts on the nozzle needle in the closing direction.
- This control chamber or this control valve is typically connected to the high-pressure region of the fuel via an inlet throttle.
- this control chamber has a small, closable outlet throttle which is arranged in the seat plate and from which the fuel can escape to a low-pressure area.
- the outlet throttle of the valve is either closed or opened with the help of an anchor element.
- the seat plate furthermore has a passage which runs from top to bottom and which represents the outlet throttle of an injector.
- the detection of the injector state is of great importance for the controlled operation of the injector.
- this ability is advantageous in terms of status recognition, since when the injector is closed, an electrical circuit can be generated via the contact between the nozzle needle and the nozzle needle seat of the injector housing. The prerequisite for this is, of course, that this electrical circuit is not already closed at another point (e.g.
- the nozzle needle must be electrically isolated from the injector housing in a lifted state from the at least one outlet opening.
- the electrical circuit may only be closed via the nozzle needle and the Injector-side existing nozzle needle seat take place so that the proposed state detection works.
- the nozzle needle of the injector is accordingly a component which, according to the invention, is used both as a contact element for passing an electrical signal and at the same time, in a state lifted from the at least one outlet opening, must be insulated from the injector housing.
- the aim of the present invention is to create a nozzle needle guide which ensures the desired electrical insulation in a simple manner with the smallest possible lateral play of the nozzle needle.
- precise nozzle needle guidance is essential for the symmetry of the fuel ejected from an injector, that is to say results in a uniform spray pattern, since it is advantageous for the efficiency of a combustion process. Precise nozzle needle guidance allows the lifting of the
- the nozzle needle for a fuel injector comprises an elongated nozzle needle base body which, at one of its two longitudinal ends, has a nozzle needle tip for optionally closing an injection opening of the
- Has fuel injector and is characterized by a plastic and / or ceramic sleeve for circumferentially enclosing the nozzle needle base body along a longitudinal region of the nozzle needle, which is spaced from the nozzle needle tip.
- the sleeve thus covers those areas of the nozzle needle base that are typically exposed to a May come into contact with the injector housing.
- the invention proposes to attach a plastic and / or ceramic sleeve to the nozzle needle body so that even if the sleeve contacts the injector housing, none electrically conductive connection is established.
- an electrically conductive connection may only take place if the nozzle needle tip makes contact with the nozzle needle seat of the injector housing when the injector is closed.
- the design of the sleeve using ceramic is of particular advantage, since it exhibits particularly low wear and is easy to handle in terms of its processing.
- Another advantage is that in the case of sliding and / or frictional contact between the nozzle needle and the injector housing, wear is reduced, since ceramic and / or plastic have better properties in this regard.
- the lateral deflection of the nozzle needle by the injector housing can be limited without establishing an electrically conductive contact.
- the plastic and / or ceramic sleeve is firmly connected to the nozzle needle base body, preferably by means of a material or form-fitting connection, preferably by gluing or soldering.
- the nozzle needle base body can be configured rotationally symmetrical to its longitudinal axis and the plastic and / or ceramic sleeve may be configured rotationally symmetrical, but preferably not rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle needle base body. Because of its rotationally symmetrical design, the sleeve can thus center the elongated nozzle needle base to form a receptacle with a circular cross-section and, under certain circumstances, still leave space for fuel to flow.
- the nozzle needle base body made of an electrically conductive material, eg. A metal, and preferably the plastic and / or ceramic sleeve of an electrical insulator, the example.
- the components Al 2 O 3, Zr 2 Ü3 and / or ShNh includes or consists of at least one of these components.
- zirconium oxide is advantageous in use here, as it has a very similar coefficient of thermal expansion to steel and is therefore also well suited for press connections. Due to the almost identical thermal expansion behavior, interference fits for applications with high temperature fluctuations (for example with injection nozzles) can also be implemented. Compared to other ceramic materials, zirconium oxide is very tough and can therefore be used particularly advantageously in the case of sudden or pulsating loads, such as those caused by pressure waves in the injector. In terms of tribology, zirconium oxide has clear advantages over aluminum oxide because it hardly causes any wear on the contact partners.
- the plastic and / or ceramic sleeve is arranged in an area between both longitudinal ends of the nozzle needle base body and preferably the nozzle needle tip and / or the other longitudinal end spaced therefrom is / are not enclosed by the plastic and / or ceramic sleeve.
- a voltage or a current
- the longitudinal end which is spaced from the nozzle needle tip and which spreads towards the nozzle needle tip so that contact with a nozzle needle seat on the housing side leads to a detectable closure of an electrical circuit.
- the desired Contact points remain free of the insulating sleeve and are designed to be electrically conductive.
- the invention also relates to an injector housing for a nozzle needle, preferably for a nozzle needle according to one of the preceding variants, the injector housing further comprising a receptacle for inserting and guiding the nozzle needle so that it can close an injection opening of the injector housing depending on its insertion position.
- the housing is characterized in that a plastic and / or ceramic sleeve is present in the receptacle for enclosing the nozzle needle on the circumferential side along a longitudinal region of the nozzle needle which is spaced apart from the injection opening.
- the plastic and / or ceramic sleeve is firmly connected to the injector housing, preferably by means of a material or form-fitting connection, preferably by gluing or soldering.
- the implementation using ceramics is considered to be particularly advantageous, since here, too, the wear is particularly low and the handling is very good.
- the plastic and / or ceramic sleeve can be designed to be rotationally symmetrical, preferably rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis of the injector housing.
- the sleeve can have a ring shape, for example a cylinder jacket shape.
- the injector housing is made of an electrically conductive material, for example a metal, and preferably the plastic and / or ceramic sleeve is made of an electrical insulator, for example the components Al 2 O3 and / or ShNh or consists of at least one of these two components.
- the plastic and / or ceramic sleeve is arranged in an area between an arrangement position of a control valve and the injection opening.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing a nozzle needle according to one of the variants discussed above, the nozzle needle being ground only after the plastic and / or ceramic sleeve has been applied in order to achieve an optimal coaxial alignment of the sleeve and the nozzle needle body. This ensures that the nozzle needle guide and the nozzle needle tip (in particular the seat cone) are ideally aligned with one another and that there are hardly any deviations in the coaxiality.
- the plastic and / or ceramic sleeve is produced by injection molding or an additive manufacturing process and is preferably attached to the nozzle needle base body after debinding and / or sintering.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing an injector housing according to one of the variants introduced above, an inner diameter of the plastic and / or ceramic sleeve only after it has been firmly connected to the Injector housing is ground in order to achieve optimal coaxial guidance of the nozzle needle to be inserted through the sleeve.
- plastic and / or ceramic sleeve is produced by injection molding or an additive manufacturing process and is preferably attached to the injector housing after debinding and / or sintering.
- the invention also relates to a fuel injector with a nozzle needle according to one of the preceding variants and / or with an injector housing according to one of the preceding variants.
- the invention also encompasses the fact that the nozzle needle has a plastic and / or ceramic sleeve firmly connected to it, which is received in a guide on the housing side, which likewise has a plastic and / or ceramic sleeve firmly connected to the housing.
- FIG. 2 a schematic representation of a nozzle needle according to the invention together with a sectional view in an injector housing
- FIG. 3 an enlarged representation of a nozzle according to the invention
- FIG. 1 shows a partial sectional view of an injector 10 from the prior art.
- the injector 10 can be seen, which has a housing 14 in which several injector components are arranged.
- Essential for the function of the injector 10 are the injector needle 15, the valve formed by the armature 11 and seat plate 18 and the electromagnet 12, 13, which has a coil winding 16, an inner one Magnetic pole 12 and an outer magnetic pole 13.
- a recess is provided in the inner magnetic pole 12 for arranging the spring 17, which presses the armature element 11 in the direction of the valve in order to close the outlet throttle of the valve in a fluid-tight manner when the electromagnet 12, 13 is de-energized.
- the electromagnet 12, 13 If the electromagnet 12, 13 is activated, it pulls the armature element 11 away from the valve with the aid of magnetic force, so that fuel under high pressure can flow out of the passage 15 from a control chamber that can be closed by the valve. Since this reduces the pressure in the control chamber that acts on the injector needle 15, it can slide out of a closed position and enables fuel to be dispensed from the injector 10. If, on the other hand, the electromagnet 12, 13 is switched to a de-energized state, the Magnetic force acting on the armature element 11, so that the spring element 17 presses the armature element 11 onto the outlet opening of the valve and seals the control chamber or the passage 6. This increases the pressure acting on the injector needle 15, as a result of which it is pushed back into its closed position. Accordingly, fuel no longer flows out of the outlet opening of the injector 10.
- Fig. 2 shows in its upper area a longitudinal sectional view of a nozzle needle 1 according to the present invention. It can be seen that the nozzle needle base body 2 has an essentially rod-like basic structure and tapers at one of its longitudinal ends. The pointed nozzle needle tip 3 is used in an injector 10 to close the at least one fuel outlet opening.
- the nozzle needle base body 2 is surrounded by a plastic and / or ceramic sleeve 4, which provides electrical insulation with respect to an injector housing 14.
- this sleeve 4 can also be configured not rotationally symmetrical but, for example, only rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis 21 of the nozzle needle base body 2.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the nozzle needle at the level of the sleeve 4 from the upper section of FIG. 2 in a state inserted into an injector housing 14.
- the injector housing 14 has a circular inner circumference in which the nozzle needle 1 is received.
- the nozzle needle 1 is movable in its longitudinal direction parallel to the longitudinal axis 21 so that it can be moved from a closed position of the injector 10, in which the outlet opening is closed by the nozzle needle tip 3, to an open position. To do this, it is lifted up in the longitudinal direction and fuel flows out.
- the sleeve 4 can have an essentially rotationally symmetrical shape which is not continuously flush with the inner circumference of the housing in the circumferential direction. As in the present case, an approximately triangular basic shape can be selected, with each of the corners having a surface flush with the circular segment of the inner circumference of the injector. A space can be provided between the outer surfaces 41 of the sleeve 4 and the inner circumference of the injector 14, which space can be used for the flow of fuel to an outlet opening.
- FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a lower part of a fuel injector which is equipped with a nozzle needle 1 and an injector housing 14 according to the invention. It can be seen that the injector housing 14 has a plastic and / or ceramic sleeve 5 in a guide area for guiding the nozzle needle 1, so that electrically conductive contact between the injector housing 14 and the nozzle needle occurs only in the nozzle needle tip when the injector is closed.
- the plastic and / or ceramic sleeve 5 arranged on the housing 14 can be permanently connected there, for example by soldering or gluing.
- the plastic and / or ceramic sleeve 5 arranged on the housing 14 can thus have a cylindrical jacket shape and ensure a flow of fuel through a correspondingly adapted shape of the nozzle needle.
- the nozzle needle 1 can also be provided with a plastic and / or ceramic sleeve arranged on it, so that when the nozzle needle is moved, only plastic and / or ceramic come into contact. This represents a particularly low-friction contact which, due to comparable surface hardness, leads to particularly low wear.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102020108665.2A DE102020108665A1 (en) | 2020-03-30 | 2020-03-30 | Nozzle needle for a fuel injector and injector housing for a nozzle needle |
PCT/EP2021/057510 WO2021197947A1 (en) | 2020-03-30 | 2021-03-24 | Nozzle needle for a fuel injector, and injector housing for a nozzle needle |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4115075A1 true EP4115075A1 (en) | 2023-01-11 |
Family
ID=75362564
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP21716081.1A Pending EP4115075A1 (en) | 2020-03-30 | 2021-03-24 | Nozzle needle for a fuel injector, and injector housing for a nozzle needle |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20230134998A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP4115075A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN115398092A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102020108665A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2021197947A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN116838503A (en) * | 2023-07-27 | 2023-10-03 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Injector and vehicle |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2125894B (en) * | 1982-08-26 | 1986-09-17 | Lucas Ind Plc | I.c. engine fuel injection nozzle |
JPS60129483A (en) | 1983-12-14 | 1985-07-10 | Diesel Kiki Co Ltd | Solenoid valve |
JPS6220980A (en) | 1985-07-18 | 1987-01-29 | Diesel Kiki Co Ltd | Solenoid-controlled valve |
DE19828848A1 (en) | 1998-06-27 | 1999-12-30 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection valve with integrated spark plug for direct injection of fuel into combustion chamber of IC engine and its ignition |
DE102008041165A1 (en) * | 2008-08-11 | 2010-02-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Injection valve member |
FR3024183B1 (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2019-07-26 | Delphi Technologies Ip Limited | FUEL INJECTOR |
GB201513643D0 (en) | 2015-08-03 | 2015-09-16 | Delphi Int Operations Lux Srl | Injection nozzle |
DE102017116383A1 (en) | 2017-07-20 | 2019-01-24 | Liebherr-Components Deggendorf Gmbh | Injector for injecting fuel |
-
2020
- 2020-03-30 DE DE102020108665.2A patent/DE102020108665A1/en active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-03-24 WO PCT/EP2021/057510 patent/WO2021197947A1/en unknown
- 2021-03-24 EP EP21716081.1A patent/EP4115075A1/en active Pending
- 2021-03-24 US US17/907,637 patent/US20230134998A1/en active Pending
- 2021-03-24 CN CN202180026158.4A patent/CN115398092A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2021197947A1 (en) | 2021-10-07 |
US20230134998A1 (en) | 2023-05-04 |
DE102020108665A1 (en) | 2021-09-30 |
CN115398092A (en) | 2022-11-25 |
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