EP4113016A1 - Procédé et unité de commande permettant de commander un réseau de chauffage collectif - Google Patents

Procédé et unité de commande permettant de commander un réseau de chauffage collectif Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4113016A1
EP4113016A1 EP21182516.1A EP21182516A EP4113016A1 EP 4113016 A1 EP4113016 A1 EP 4113016A1 EP 21182516 A EP21182516 A EP 21182516A EP 4113016 A1 EP4113016 A1 EP 4113016A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating network
flow temperatures
heat
heating
sub
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP21182516.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thanh Phong Huynh
Sebastian THIEM
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP21182516.1A priority Critical patent/EP4113016A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2022/065362 priority patent/WO2023274666A1/fr
Publication of EP4113016A1 publication Critical patent/EP4113016A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D10/00—District heating systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a control unit according to the preamble of patent claim 10.
  • decentralized heat generation systems In the future, more and more decentralized heat generation systems will be connected to a common heating network. Compared to conventional large-scale systems, these decentralized generation systems often have a low feed-in capacity.
  • the associated energy systems for example industrial plants, office buildings or residential buildings, are not only heat consumers (consumers) but also heat generators (producers), i.e. prosumers.
  • the energy systems mentioned can thus feed out heat from the common heating network, ie consume and feed generated heat into the heating network.
  • Known heating networks are characterized by conventional large-scale systems, such as waste-to-energy plants as heat generators or heat supply systems.
  • each energy system meaning in this case each consumer, is typically connected to the heating network via a heat transfer station.
  • This heat transfer station typically includes a heat exchanger and one or more valves, by means of which the mass flow of a heat transfer medium of the heating network can be adjusted or controlled or regulated.
  • the heat or thermal power transferred to the respective energy system by means of the heat exchanger can be controlled or regulated.
  • connectees i.e. the energy systems
  • the connectees are statically guaranteed certain minimum flow temperatures.
  • no significant dynamic adjustments to the flow temperature with corresponding optimization potential are carried out.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide improved control for a heating network, in particular with regard to a large number of decentralized generators.
  • the method according to the invention and/or one or more functions, features and/or steps of the method according to the invention and/or one of its configurations can be computer-aided.
  • the minimization of the target function or the target functions is carried out by means of an arithmetic unit of a control unit according to the present invention.
  • the heating network includes several sub-heating networks.
  • Each of the sub-heating networks has permissible flow temperatures or a permissible range of the flow temperatures within which the sub-heating network can be technically operated.
  • the controller is basically designed to set the flow temperature of each sub-heating network within its specified permissible range, for example by means of a correspondingly designed control unit.
  • An essential aspect of the method according to the invention is to determine flow temperatures that are as efficient as possible for the respective sub-heating networks. After these efficient flow temperatures have been determined according to the invention, they are set accordingly and the partial heating networks are operated in accordance with the determined flow temperatures.
  • the flow temperatures are typically determined according to regular time steps t, for example every hour or every 15 minutes, so that the method according to the invention can be repeated at each time step.
  • the heat outputs and flow temperatures are time-dependent and are determined and set again for each time step t.
  • the flow temperatures and the associated heat output, which the participants connected to the heating network exchange with one another or feed into and/or feed out of the heating network, are determined using an optimization process.
  • the objective function which depends on the heat outputs and these included as variables minimized. Equivalent to this - depending on the definition of the sign - the target function can be maximized. However, since the target function typically refers to technical variables such as the total heat conversion or total carbon dioxide emissions or models them, these are minimized in the present case.
  • the values of its variables, in this case the first and second heat outputs are determined.
  • the heat outputs generated and fed in as well as consumed and thus fed out are determined in such a way that the total carbon dioxide emissions associated with all heat exchanges via the heat network are minimized as far as possible within the framework of numerical accuracy. This is comparable to a model predictive control.
  • the first heat outputs are thus determined by minimizing the target function.
  • the heat outputs are dependent on the permissible flow temperatures, ie the associated heat outputs are determined for each permissible flow temperature within a sub-heating network.
  • a rough initial technical selection of the flow temperatures is only made based on the previously specified permissible flow temperatures.
  • the permissible flow temperatures are determined by the technical parameters of the equipment connected to the heating network.
  • the possible flow temperatures are determined.
  • the possible flow temperatures are a subset of the (technically) permissible flow temperatures.
  • the flow temperatures are preselected. This flow temperature is only considered as a possible flow temperature if a non-zero heat output is to be exchanged within the associated partial heating network for a flow temperature (according to the heat outputs determined in the first step).
  • only the permissible flow temperatures are taken into account as possible flow temperatures for which a heat exchange, that is to say, for example, a first heat output different from zero, is to take place within the associated partial heating network.
  • the set of permissible flow temperatures can also correspond to the set of possible flow temperatures, so that no restriction is possible in advance.
  • thermal outputs are again determined by an optimization process. This is done for each combination of possible flow temperatures determined in the second step, with exactly one possible flow temperature for each partial heating network being used for the combination.
  • An associated set of heat outputs is then available for each combination of possible flow temperatures.
  • the target function used in the first step is used to determine the second heat outputs for a combination of possible flow temperatures limited to the above combination. In other words, the target function used only includes the terms and variables associated with the combination.
  • n combinations of possible flow temperatures there are n partial optimization problems. For each of these sub-problems, exactly one flow temperature from the possibly restricted set of possible flow temperatures is used in each sub-heating network.
  • Each sub-problem represents a new combination of possible flow temperatures of the sub-heating network. These several sub-problems are then solved independently of one another, in particular in parallel. In other words, associated (second) heat outputs are determined for each sub-problem, ie for each combination of possible flow temperatures.
  • a combination on which the control is based is determined from the multiple combinations of possible flow temperatures. This is technically necessary because each sub-heating network can only be operated with exactly one flow temperature.
  • the combination that is ultimately used for control is determined or ascertained by the fact that the associated restricted target function has the smallest value among all restricted target functions for this combination and associated (second) heat outputs.
  • the restricted objective function with the largest value is relevant.
  • a target function value and associated heat output are determined for each combination.
  • the combination that has the smallest target function value is therefore used to set the flow temperatures. Accordingly, the actual heat outputs are set or controlled according to the heat outputs associated with and determined for the combination.
  • the flow temperatures determined in this way are set for the partial heating networks.
  • the method according to the invention ensures that the technical goal, for example minimizing the total carbon dioxide emissions and/or an optimal balance between consumption and generation, is achieved for the set flow temperatures.
  • the heating network can be operated as efficiently as possible with regard to the total carbon dioxide emissions and/or the total energy requirement and/or external heat requirement.
  • the solving of the n sub-problems can be parallelized, so that the computing time can be reduced as a result.
  • the total heat loss of the heating network which depends on the flow temperatures, could be used as a target function.
  • the heating network is operated with the lowest possible heat losses.
  • a type of sequential optimization or control thus takes place, which makes it possible, in particular for a heating network with a large number of connectees, to operate them as efficiently as possible in terms of energy. This is the case in particular because the best possible flow temperatures for the partial heating networks are determined and set. This leads to lower heat losses, since it is possible to react dynamically to the connectees and their technical requirements.
  • the mass flow is almost constant, so that the primary control variable - as with conventional network control - is the temperature of the heat transfer medium.
  • the flow temperatures of the partial heating networks are determined via the sequential solution of purely linear problems, so that the computing time only scales linearly with the number of participants, energy systems or connectees. This can further reduce the computing time.
  • the method according to the invention can be repeated for several time steps t .
  • the flow temperatures and associated heat outputs are determined again for each time step t .
  • control unit for controlling a heating network with several partial heating networks is characterized in that the control unit is designed to determine the flow temperatures of the partial heating networks according to a method according to the present invention and/or one of its configurations and to set the determined flow temperatures of the partial heating networks.
  • total carbon dioxide emissions are used as the target function.
  • Carbon dioxide emissions are typically associated with heat generation and/or heat consumption.
  • the technical goal is to minimize this as much as possible.
  • an objective function that models the total carbon dioxide emissions associated with the heat outputs exchanged is advantageous.
  • the flow temperatures and the associated heat output are determined in such a way that the overall carbon dioxide emissions are as low as possible are connected.
  • this is represented by the following objective function ⁇ t , k , ⁇ P k , ⁇ , t s ⁇ c Max , k , ⁇ , t s ⁇ P k , ⁇ , t B ⁇ c at least , k , ⁇ , t B allows where P k , ⁇ , t S the heat output of a generation and P k , ⁇ , t B is the heat output of a consumption at grid node k with flow temperature ⁇ at time t .
  • the constants of the named linear combination c Max , k , ⁇ , t S , c at least , k , ⁇ , t B are maximum or minimum specific carbon dioxide quantities or, analogously, maximum or minimum specific carbon dioxide prices.
  • the constants c Max , k , ⁇ , t S , c at least , k , ⁇ , t B any other specific variable associated with the heat outputs, for example specific heat losses.
  • a target function that is linear in the heat outputs is advantageously used.
  • the target function is therefore a linear combination formed by the heat outputs to be determined.
  • the computing time can be reduced by using a linear combination.
  • the heating network is controlled in such a way that the determined second heat outputs associated with the set flow temperatures are exchanged within the heating network.
  • control unit transmits the heat output determined to the participating energy systems or heating systems, which then feed a corresponding heat output into or out of the heating network at time t or within the time interval marked t in accordance with the second heat output determined.
  • the central control unit with regard to the energy systems thus controls the flow temperatures of the partial heating networks and the associated time-dependent heat exchanges.
  • the flow temperatures are - like the (second) heat outputs - are determined as a function of time and can therefore be reset for each time step or for each time range.
  • the objective function and/or the restricted objective functions are minimized under secondary conditions.
  • the heat outputs and/or flow temperatures determined must meet technical boundary conditions that must be taken into account when minimizing (or maximizing).
  • generation plants and consumption plants can each provide or consume a maximum heat output or amount of heat.
  • T ⁇ t t must therefore P k , ⁇ , t S ⁇ ⁇ t t ⁇ E Max S respectively P k , ⁇ , t B ⁇ ⁇ t t ⁇ E Max B get noticed.
  • the maximum possible heat output must be observed, i.e.
  • the temperature of the fed-in heat output of the generating plants ⁇ in and the lines ⁇ ( i, j ) is higher than the temperature of the power drawn ⁇ out .
  • t S ⁇ ⁇ in ⁇ ⁇ i j ⁇ ⁇ out ⁇ ⁇ at least , t B to be considered as a secondary condition in the optimization process as a physical boundary condition.
  • thermotechnical installations of the energy systems are taken into account as a secondary condition.
  • plant-specific and/or energy-system-specific technical boundary conditions can be transmitted to the control unit in order to carry out the optimization.
  • control takes place by means of a central control unit with regard to the energy systems.
  • the heating network is advantageously controlled in a centralized manner.
  • the various heat inputs and heat outputs can be better coordinated by the central control unit. This means that the best possible match between consumption and generation can be achieved. This is comparable to a local energy market for electrical energy.
  • the control unit forms a local energy market platform with regard to heat or thermal energy.
  • a sequential optimization method based on a local energy market for thermal energy is used to determine the optimal flow temperatures of the partial heating networks.
  • a permissible temperature range which is determined by thermotechnical systems within the associated partial heating network, is discretized for the provision of the permissible flow temperatures for one of the partial heating networks.
  • the installations of one of the energy systems can only be operated in the temperature range from 60 degrees Celsius to 100 degrees Celsius.
  • it is advantageous to discretize the permissible temperature range for example in steps of 10 Kelvin. Due to the discretization, the determination of the flow temperatures remains practicable. Furthermore, it makes sense from a technical point of view, since heating systems are typically insensitive to small fluctuations in the flow temperature. Thus, only the essential flow temperatures are taken into account through the discretization, which can save further computing time.
  • the heating network is designed as a local heating network or district heating network.
  • the controller according to the invention or a controller according to an embodiment of the present invention can advantageously be used for existing and known heating networks.
  • the single figure shows a heating network with several partial heating networks, the flow temperatures of which are determined and set according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the figure shows a schematic heating network 2, the heating network being divided into several sub-heating networks 21, 22, 23.
  • thermal engineering systems 41, 42, 43 are connected to the heat network 2 for heat exchange.
  • the systems 41, 42, 43 can feed heat output into the heating network 2 and/or feed it out of the heating network 2.
  • sub-heating network 21 has two consumer systems 43 and a generating system 41
  • sub-heating network 22 has a consumer system 43
  • a generating system 41 and a prosumer system 42
  • sub-heating network 22 has a consumer system 43 and two prosumer systems 42.
  • a prosumer system is a thermotechnical system that both generate and consume heat.
  • the energy systems or the plants 41, 42, 43 are each coupled via a heat exchanger to the respective sub-heating network 21, 22, 23 and thus to the heating network 2 for heat exchange.
  • Each of the sub-heating networks 21, 22, 23 can in principle be operated with a different flow temperature.
  • a central control unit 1 controls or regulates the flow temperatures of the partial heating networks 21, 22, 23. Furthermore, the control unit 1 controls or regulates the heat outputs that are fed in and/or fed out by the heating systems 41, 42, 43 within a time step.
  • control unit 1 determines the flow temperatures according to the present invention and/or one of its configurations.
  • the flow temperatures advantageously determined in this way are set by the control unit 1 and the heating network 2 is thus controlled or regulated accordingly.
  • the heat losses of the heating network 2 depend crucially on the flow temperatures.
  • the thermal losses (heat losses) of a district heating network in Germany amount to an average of 13 percent and accordingly lead to avoidable additional costs when operating a district heating network. With a reduction of typical flow temperatures by 20 degrees Celsius, heat losses can be reduced by 9 percent. Furthermore, a reduction in the operating temperatures has a positive effect on the aging of the plastic-jacketed composite pipes used in the heating network 2, so that any repairs or even replacements are avoided. Therefore, the lowest possible flow temperatures should always be aimed for. This is also made possible by the present invention and its configurations.
  • the sub-heating networks 21, 22, 23 are hydraulically and thermally decoupled from one another by means of heat exchangers at nodes in the heating network.
  • the mass flow in the lines is not considered in detail here and is considered to be optimally adjusted. This is comparable to known network control with constant mass flow.
  • a respective permissible temperature range with which the partial heating networks 21, 22, 23 may in principle be operated is first discretized.
  • the technical boundary conditions of the lines used and the connected generation or consumer systems restrict the permissible temperatures in a partial heating network 21, 22, 23. If the temperature range in a partial heating network 21, 22, 23 is limited in the range from 60° C. to 100° C., the increment of the discretization can in principle be chosen arbitrarily.
  • An advantageous increment of 10 Kelvin results in the exemplary permissible flow temperatures ⁇ x SUB ⁇ 60 °C , 70 °C , 80 °C , 90 °C , 100 °C for the partial heating network x .
  • the power balance for a node i and a time step t must be taken into account as constraints in the optimization, i.e. when minimizing the objective function will.
  • the sum of all powers fed in via generator systems 41 and/or prosumer systems 42 P i , ⁇ , t in as well as the sum of all powers drawn (fed) from consumer systems 43 and/or prosumer systems 42 P i , ⁇ , t out as well as the power P ( i,j ), ⁇ ,t supplied via the lines of the heating network 2 results in the value zero.
  • P i , ⁇ , t out P i , ⁇ , t in + ⁇ i j ⁇ E ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ x SUB P i j , ⁇ , t ⁇ i ⁇ N , ⁇ t ⁇ be taken into account as physical constraints.
  • the power that is fed in or drawn off at node i is determined via offers from the connected subscriber k .
  • the services fed in P i , ⁇ , t in correspond to the sum of the variables P k , ⁇ , t S .
  • the power transfer between the nodes is determined by the variable P ( i,j ), ⁇ , t . Due to the second law of thermodynamics, the temperature of the fed-in power of the generator systems ⁇ in and the lines ⁇ ( i,j ) is higher than the temperature of the power drawn ⁇ out . Thus, as a constraint ⁇ Max , t S ⁇ ⁇ in ⁇ ⁇ i j ⁇ ⁇ out ⁇ ⁇ at least , t B required.
  • the method according to the invention is used repeatedly over time.
  • Initial will be the crowd ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ x SUB the permissible flow temperatures of the partial heating network x are only limited by the technical parameters of the connected equipment.
  • the optimization process or the solver determines possible solutions for the variables of the heat output P i , ⁇ , t in , P i , ⁇ , t out and P ( i,j ) , ⁇ ,t .
  • the heat outputs or their variables used when minimizing the target function are set for more than one flow temperature. This corresponds to the first step of the method according to the invention.
  • This solution cannot be implemented technically, since a partial heating network 21, 22, 23 can only be operated with one flow temperature. It is therefore for each sub-heating network 21, 22, 23 to determine exactly one flow temperature. This is done according to the following steps.
  • the permissible flow temperatures ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ x SUB for the partial heating networks 21, 22, 23 are initially further restricted to possible flow temperatures.
  • the heat outputs or their variables set for several flow temperatures the amount ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ x SUB correspondingly limited to the flow temperatures used in this sense. This further restriction corresponds to the second step of the method according to the invention.
  • each sub-problem represents a new combination of possible flow temperatures in the partial heating networks 21, 22, 23.
  • the sub-problems are solved independently of each other.
  • the combination with the highest target function value then determines the actual flow temperatures of the partial heating networks 21, 22, 23. This corresponds to the third and fourth step of the method according to the invention.
  • the flow temperatures of the partial heating networks 21, 22, 23 are set according to the determined flow temperatures and the heating network 2 is thus operated according to the determined advantageous flow temperatures.
  • the present invention is advantageous with regard to local heat markets, since these typically have a large number of decentralized generation plants. This is explained in more detail in the following non-limiting exemplary embodiment, which describes a use of the present invention for such a heating market.
  • a local heat market can be realized as a day-ahead auction, which at a specified time of the day, for example 12:00 p.m. for 24 hours of the following day, matches offers for the heat exchanges via an algorithm in the time steps t .
  • the participating energy systems transmit at least an intended heat consumption and/or an intended heat generation to the control unit 1.
  • a minimum reference temperature and/or maximum reference power as well as a maximum feed temperature and/or a maximum feed power can be transmitted to the control unit.
  • This technical transmitted data/information can then be used as secondary conditions in the process for determining the flow temperatures are taken into account.
  • the same target function is preferably used for market matching and for determining the flow temperatures.
  • the control unit 1 can thus be designed as a local heat market platform.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
EP21182516.1A 2021-06-29 2021-06-29 Procédé et unité de commande permettant de commander un réseau de chauffage collectif Withdrawn EP4113016A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21182516.1A EP4113016A1 (fr) 2021-06-29 2021-06-29 Procédé et unité de commande permettant de commander un réseau de chauffage collectif
PCT/EP2022/065362 WO2023274666A1 (fr) 2021-06-29 2022-06-07 Procédé et unité de commande permettant de commander une grille thermique

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EP21182516.1A EP4113016A1 (fr) 2021-06-29 2021-06-29 Procédé et unité de commande permettant de commander un réseau de chauffage collectif

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EP4113016A1 true EP4113016A1 (fr) 2023-01-04

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EP21182516.1A Withdrawn EP4113016A1 (fr) 2021-06-29 2021-06-29 Procédé et unité de commande permettant de commander un réseau de chauffage collectif

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117419380A (zh) * 2023-12-18 2024-01-19 华能济南黄台发电有限公司 一种基于大数据的热网管理方法及系统

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018015508A1 (fr) * 2016-07-20 2018-01-25 Vito Nv Réduction de la température de retour dans un chauffage collectif et augmentation de la température de retour dans un refroidissement collectif
EP3767770A1 (fr) * 2019-07-17 2021-01-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de commande d'un échange des énergies dans un système d'énergie ainsi que système d'énergie

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018015508A1 (fr) * 2016-07-20 2018-01-25 Vito Nv Réduction de la température de retour dans un chauffage collectif et augmentation de la température de retour dans un refroidissement collectif
EP3767770A1 (fr) * 2019-07-17 2021-01-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de commande d'un échange des énergies dans un système d'énergie ainsi que système d'énergie

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MAROUFPIROUTIA ET AL: "Optimisation of supply temperature and mass flow rate for a district heating network", 4 December 2014 (2014-12-04), XP055333736, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Audrius_Bagdanavicius/publication/268202032_Optimisation_of_supply_temperature_and_mass_flow_rate_for_a_district_heating_network/links/548040500cf250f1edbfe05e.pdf> [retrieved on 20170110] *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117419380A (zh) * 2023-12-18 2024-01-19 华能济南黄台发电有限公司 一种基于大数据的热网管理方法及系统
CN117419380B (zh) * 2023-12-18 2024-03-08 华能济南黄台发电有限公司 一种基于大数据的热网管理方法及系统

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