EP4104269A1 - Alimentation électrique redondante, en particulier destinée à un centre de données, et procédé et programme informatique correspondants - Google Patents

Alimentation électrique redondante, en particulier destinée à un centre de données, et procédé et programme informatique correspondants

Info

Publication number
EP4104269A1
EP4104269A1 EP22718993.3A EP22718993A EP4104269A1 EP 4104269 A1 EP4104269 A1 EP 4104269A1 EP 22718993 A EP22718993 A EP 22718993A EP 4104269 A1 EP4104269 A1 EP 4104269A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
power supply
switches
load
fault
line
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22718993.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Yi Zhu
Shivansh BATRA
Thomas Beckert
David MEULENBROEKS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP4104269A1 publication Critical patent/EP4104269A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/001—Methods to deal with contingencies, e.g. abnormalities, faults or failures
    • H02J3/0012—Contingency detection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/007—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources
    • H02J3/0073—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources for providing alternative feeding paths between load and source when the main path fails, e.g. transformers, busbars

Definitions

  • Redundant power supply especially for data centers, as well as methods and computer programs for their operation
  • the invention relates to a redundant power supply that is particularly suitable for data centers.
  • the power supply is designed redundantly.
  • Such a system already expanded to include a generator and a local uninterruptible power supply, is known from US 2014/0191579 A1.
  • a critical component of a data center is powered by two independent power supplies.
  • both power supplies In order to ensure the operation of the critical component even if one of the power supplies fails, both power supplies must be dimensioned in such a way that each of the power supplies alone can reliably supply at least the critical component with power.
  • every power supply must be designed in such a way that it can carry double the load compared to the undisturbed case. This is very uneconomical, since the design of the power supply for this rare fault leads to a considerable increase in the cost of the individual power supplies.
  • a unified power supply network supplies several essential and several critical electrical loads and several diesel-powered emergency power supplies are provided, which take over the supply of the critical loads if the unified power supply fails.
  • flywheels are provided as kinetic intermediate energy storage devices, which supply electrical energy via a generator after a power failure until the internal combustion engines of the emergency generators have been started using the kinetic energy of the flywheels.
  • the emergency power units are coupled by means of an electrical bus system, which is intended to prevent a combustion engine that does not start or does not start in time from leading to an interruption in the supply of the critical load assigned to the corresponding emergency power unit.
  • This system is also very expensive, both mechanically and in terms of circuitry.
  • the present invention relates to subsystems each having a load supplied by two power supplies, which can be coupled by means of a busbar in the event of a fault.
  • Coupling switches are provided for this hen, with which each load and each power supply can be connected to the busbar. These section switches are open when there is no fault and are selectively closed when a fault is detected. Which section switches are selectively closed depends on the type of fault detected.
  • each load is supplied directly (apart from the usual safety precautions such as circuit breakers and switch disconnectors, fuses, etc.) by two power supplies, and that in the event of a fault in one Subsystem the power supplies of the other subsystem can be switched on to supply the load affected by the fault.
  • This interconnection which can be activated in the event of a fault or other special operating cases, of the two subsystems that are operated independently of one another in fault-free or normal operation, each consisting of two power supplies and a load, advantageously means that (as, for example, in the case of US 2014/0191579 A1 ) each power supply alone must be able to operate the respective load.
  • the redundant second power supply does not have to carry the additional load alone, but one embodiment of the invention provides for the dome1 switch to be switched on selectively in faulty operation and then the first load to be supplied additionally by means of the third and the fourth Stromversor supply.
  • each power supply does not have to be designed for twice (200%) the load to be carried in normal operation, but only for 133%, since the power lost if one power supply fails from three other power supplies supplies can be delivered. This is done advantageously For example, by automatically controlling the coupling switch, i.e. with a very short time delay.
  • the present invention can advantageously be achieved in preferred exemplary embodiments that the coupling switch or switches to be switched are switched before one or more power supply module(s) are impermissibly loaded due to an error, for example an excessively high current through a is called up for a long time and/or before a load cannot be supplied with the electrical power required due to a fault, for example the supply voltage drops below the minimum permissible value.
  • the criteria mentioned above i.e. loading a power supply module with too high a current and/or supplying a load with too low a voltage, possibly also taking into account a time for which the respective critical state lasts, can be used as switching criteria for switching the coupling switch can be used.
  • the concept according to the invention can be expanded to include additional power supplies and loads, advantageously in the form of additional subsystems that can be connected to the busbar by means of coupling switches, each consisting of two power supplies and one load, which means that the remaining power supplies also have to be borne in the event of a power supply failure
  • the load can be further reduced or failures of more than one power supply can be compensated if the design of the power supplies remains the same.
  • means for detecting a fault can be provided for each power supply path.
  • These can be designed as separate components or integrally with other components, for example integrally together with the power supplies and/or the line contactor switches and/or the power or load switches in the current path between a power supply and a load.
  • These means can locally generate commands for selectively closing the tie switches and transmit them to the tie switches by means of suitable transmission means in a wired or wireless manner.
  • information about the fault can be transmitted to a central controller, which evaluates this information and generates control commands for the coupler switches and, if necessary, the line contactor switches and/or the circuit breakers or load switches in the current path between the power supply and the load and transmits them to them by wire or transmits wirelessly.
  • the means for detecting faults have a central controller and current and/or voltage measuring means in the current paths between the power supplies and the loads, i.e. only the central controller makes a decision based on the measured values received or based on them of the signals representing the measured values whether there is a fault or not and then generates and sends the commands for selectively closing one or more section switches.
  • the controller can be designed to take into account the time course of the received measured values and only recognize the error or initiate measures when the state to be classified as a fault lasts for a defined and/or configurable period of time.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for operating a redundant power supply according to the invention and a computer program which causes a processor to execute this method.
  • FIGURE shows a schematic representation of a redundant power supply 1 to which two loads LI and L2 can be connected, according to a preferred exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the redundant power supply 1 can be viewed as the interconnection of two fundamentally known subsystems by means of a busbar 100 and (open during fault-free operation) coupling switches 15, 25, 35, 45.
  • the first subsystem on the left in the illustration, has a first power supply module 10 and a second power supply module 20 .
  • the first power supply module 10 is connected to a first line system 12 by means of a fuse device 11 on the source side.
  • the source-side security device 11 is a customary security device.
  • the second power supply module 20 is connected to a second line system 22 by means of a fuse device 21 on the source side.
  • the source-side safety device 21 is also a conventional safety device.
  • a first load LI is connected to the first line system 12, specifically by means of a load-side safety device 13.
  • the load-side safety device 13 is also a customary safety device.
  • the first load LI is also connected to the second line system 22, specifically by means of a load-side safety device 23.
  • the load-side safety device 23 is also a conventional safety device.
  • a first device 16 is provided, with the aid of which faults in the first power supply 10 and/or the first current path 12 are detected in particular, for example, a failure of the first power supply 10 or an interruption in the first current path 12.
  • the first device 16 can be a current measuring device and/or a voltage measuring device.
  • the device 16 can be designed to detect faults automatically, or to transmit measured values continuously or at discrete times or as a result of events to a central controller 110, which then detects a fault from the measured values.
  • a corresponding second device 26 is provided in connection with the second power supply 20 and/or in the second current path 22, with the aid of which faults in the second power supply 20 and/or the second current path 22 can be detected, in particular, for example, a failure of the second power supply 20 or an interruption of the second current path 22.
  • the second device 26 can likewise be a current measuring device and/or a voltage measuring device.
  • the second device 26 can be designed to detect faults independently, or to transmit measured values continuously or at discrete times or as a result of events to a central controller 110, which then detects a fault from the measured values.
  • the second subsystem on the right in the illustration, has a third power supply module 30 and a fourth power supply module 40, which are connected via respective source-side fuse devices 31, 41 to a corresponding third and fourth line system 32, 42.
  • a second load L2 is connected to corresponding load-side safety devices 33, 43 both with the third and with the fourth line system 32, 42.
  • a third device 36 and a fourth device 46 are provided in connection with the third or fourth power supply 30, 40 and/or in the third or fourth current path 32, 42, with the aid of which faults in the third or fourth power supply 30 , 40 and/or the third or of the fourth current path 32, 42 can be detected.
  • the operation and properties of the third and fourth devices 36, 46 correspond to those of the first and second devices 16, 26, as described above.
  • a first section switch 15 connects the first line system 12 to the busbar 100 if required, a second section switch 25 connects the second line system 22 to the busbar 100 if necessary, a third section switch 35 connects the third line system 32 to the busbar 100 and on if necessary fourth section switch 45 connects fourth line system 42 to busbar 100, if required.
  • each power supply module is directly coupled to a load, i.e. without a section switch, and can be connected to busbar 100 by means of a section switch.
  • the loads can each be connected to the busbar 100 via a coupling switch.
  • the first load LI is connected to the first power supply 10 without a section switch, via the line system 12, and the first power supply can be connected to the busbar, also via the line system 12, by means of the first section switch 15.
  • Coupling switch 25 and the second line system 22 is an alternative native supply path from the first power supply 10 to the first load LI, for example in the event that the line to the first load LI, which is protected by the safety device 13, is disrupted.
  • the section switches 15, 25, 35, 45 are all open during normal operation and, in the event of a fault, are automatically and selectively closed depending on the particular fault.
  • the nominal voltages in the two subsystems must be at least approximately the same and that, in the case of AC voltage, phase synchronism must exist or be established in order to avoid undesirable effects.
  • Devices and methods in this regard are within the scope of what is customary in the art and are not considered in more detail here.
  • the present invention provides considerable advantages in the design of the power supply modules 10, 20, 30, 40.
  • an expansion to include further subsystems is possible without any problems and it is also conceivable to provide an odd number of power supply modules.
  • the description in relation to the subsystems has been chosen here only as an example, since such subsystems are often already found in existing installations and can be converted into a redundant power supply according to the present invention at low cost.
  • a first subsystem is already present here, with the usual design of the power supply modules so that each of the power supply modules alone can supply the load of the first subsystem.
  • the first sub-system is only expanded by two branches on the line systems and the controllable coupling switches and then connected to the new busbar - no further changes are required and the existing (now actually oversized) power supply modules can continue be used or, if necessary, replaced by more efficient modules.
  • the redundant power supply 1 has a controller 110, the function of which is described in detail further below.
  • the control can be centralized or decentralized, i.e. distributed to other components, for example the power supplies 10, 20, 30, 40 or the line or circuit breakers 11, 21, 31, 41.
  • the control can be centralized or decentralized, i.e. distributed to other components, for example the power supplies 10, 20, 30, 40 or the line or circuit breakers 11, 21, 31, 41.
  • the security devices 11, 13, 21, 23, 31, 33, 41, 43 and the Control 110 and/or to the coupling switches 15, 25, 35, 45 and/or the components mentioned among themselves have been omitted for the sake of a better overview.
  • the first error scenario relates to the failure or maintenance of a power supply module. Without restricting the generality, consider the case in which the first power supply module 10 is not available, for example, or the source-side safety device 11 is defective and, as a result, no energy can be provided by the first power supply module 10 .
  • This error scenario is solved in that all four coupling switches are closed and thus the remaining power supply modules 20, 30, 40 supply the first load LI together. From the point of view of the first load LI, the failure of the first power supply module 10 is almost completely transparent, only for the short period of time until the coupling switch is closed is there power supply only on one side, ie only on one of the two power supply connections of the load LI.
  • the second power supply 20 only has to supply the load LI for the period until the coupling switches close.
  • the design of the components of the power supply 1 is therefore preferably chosen so that the time between the occurrence of the error and the closing of the coupling switch, i.e. the time required for error detection and command generation and execution, is less than the time after which the power supply 20 is switched off due to the temporary overload is switched off and/or the source-side fuse device 21 triggers.
  • the second error scenario is that a fault occurs in one of the line systems 12, 22, 32, 42 that can be assigned to the individual power supply modules, while all four power supply modules 10, 20, 30, 40 are working without faults, for example in the line section between the first power supply 10 and the first section switch 15 and/or in the wiring harness between the first power supply 10 and the first load LI a fault occurs or the first section switch 15 causes a short circuit.
  • This error scenario is solved by the second, the third and the fourth tie switch 25, 35, 45 being closed, but not the first tie switch 15, so as not to supply additional energy to the error.
  • the fault is preferably isolated by opening the source-side safety device 11 and/or the load-side safety device 13 of the first line system 12, unless they have already been tripped due to the fault.
  • the second error scenario is not transparent, but uninterrupted operation is ensured by means of a power supply then only on one side via the load-side safety device 23 .
  • additional electrical power is transmitted from the third and fourth power supplies via the busbar 100 and the remaining power supply path 22 shown on the right to the first load LI.
  • the second power supply only has to supply the load LI alone for the period up to the closing of the section switches.
  • the preferred layout of the components of the power supply 1 applies what was said in relation to the first error scenario.
  • the third fault scenario relates to a fault in the busbar 100.
  • This fault scenario has no effect on the normal operation of the power supply 1, since the busbar is isolated from the rest of the arrangement in normal operation due to the tie switches 15, 25, 35, 45 being open by default is.
  • the third error scenario affects the handling of errors according to the first or the second error scenario.
  • the third error scenario for example a short circuit in the area of busbar 100, it is no longer possible to eliminate the first or second error scenario. Only in the case of a low-level fault, in which a tolerable amount of electrical energy is lost at the busbar 100 for a certain period of time, i.e. there is a fault that is not a short circuit, for example, can the first or second fault scenario be corrected for this period of time take place if the third error scenario is present at the same time.
  • the bus bar 100 is automatically tested on an occasional or continuous basis, e.g., by means of resistance or impedance measurements of the bus conductors to one another and to ground, which are well known to those skilled in the art. If a tolerable error is found, this is signaled to an operator of the system, but the automatic error correction of the first or second error scenario is not deactivated. If an intolerable error is detected, an urgent alarm is issued to the operator and the automatic error recovery of the first or second error scenario is deactivated.
  • the bus bar 100 is not tested occasionally or continuously, but rather After activation of the coupling switch for eliminating the first or second error scenario, monitoring of the currents that subsequently flow detects whether an inadmissibly high amount of power is being supplied to one of the remaining power supplies 20, 30,
  • the section switch closest to this power supply is deactivated. This is preferably done separately for all power supplies.
  • the first error scenario described above can be detected in various ways. On the one hand it is possible, please include self-test means in the power supplies 10, 20, 30,
  • the OK signal from this power supply is lost and a switch-on command is immediately generated, sent and executed to all coupling switches.
  • the current can be measured by means of current measuring devices in the path between a power supply and the respective load. If this falls below a certain value, a power supply fault is assumed and all section switches are switched on. This can be supplemented by an evaluation of the current flowing in the other path of the respective load. If one of the current values is very low and the other is constant or increasing, then the power supply is assumed to have failed and the current value is low and all tie breakers are turned on.
  • the voltage at the output of the power supplies or along the current paths between the power supply and the load can be evaluated. If the voltage at the output and/or on this line falls below a certain value compared to a reference potential, a power supply fault is assumed and all section switches are switched on. In the case of AC voltage, for example, the peak or effective value of the voltage can be evaluated.
  • the power supply assumed to be faulty can be isolated from the overall system by the respective source-side safety device 11,
  • the measuring means can be independent devices 16, 26, 36, 46 or integrated into the voltage supplies 10, 20, 30, 40 or the source-side safety devices 11, 21, 31, 41 or distributed over both components, for example Voltage measuring means in one component and current measuring means in the other component.
  • the security devices 11, 21, 31, 41 particularly when these security devices are electronic security devices. such as Solid State Circuit Breakers.
  • the second fault scenario described above can also be detected by current and/or voltage measurements using the measuring means described in connection with the detection of the first fault scenario.
  • a fault in the first line system 12 is again considered without loss of generality, the current through the current measuring means rises sharply in the event of a short circuit and possibly triggers the source-side safety device 11 .
  • the sharp rise and/or exceeding a maximum permissible value and/or the triggering of the source-side safety device 11 can be used as criteria to close the section switch 25, 35, 45 and to keep the section switch 15 open.
  • the voltage at the output of the power supplies or along the current paths between the power supply and the load can also be evaluated here. If this voltage drops rapidly, i.e. with a large negative increase, and/or below a certain value, a fault in the line system is assumed if an OK signal is received from the power supply at the same time.
  • the tie switches 25, 35, 45 are turned on as described above and tie switch 15 is held open.
  • the error is corrected by closing the tie switches not connected to the current path concerned and leaving the tie switch connected to the current path concerned open.
  • the line assumed to be faulty can also be isolated from the overall system in the second fault case, in that the respective source-side safety device 11, 21,
  • the third error scenario can only be detected with the means shown in FIG. 1 if the first or the second error scenario also occurs at the same time.
  • the corresponding methods have already been described above. It is also possible to test the busbar 100 by closing only one of the section switches and evaluating the current flowing in the corresponding branch, for example closing the first section switch 15 and evaluating the current or the through component 11 or component 16 flowing through com current. If this remains constant, there is no error according to the third scenario. If the current increases solely due to the closing of the section switch, there is probably an error according to the third error scenario, which is signaled to an operator of the system and, as already described above, may lead to a deactivation of the automatic error correction according to the first or second error scenario.
  • the fault detection can take place centrally by means of a controller 110 or decentrally by a distributed controller or by controllers implemented locally for each power supply, which send corresponding commands to all coupling switches. In the latter case is preferable to ensure that an "open" command for a cap switch has priority over a simultaneous or timely "close” command in order to prevent the third fault scenario together with the first or the second fault scenario leading to the dated Error unaffected subsystem becomes inoperable.
  • the central controller 110 can be set up to receive pre-processed information, for example signals from the means 11, 16, 21, 26, 31,
  • the central controller can be set up to receive measured values from measuring devices arranged in each power supply branch, in particular current and/or voltage measuring devices, and to evaluate these measured values and/or their time history as described in connection with the detection of the various fault scenarios and correspondingly To generate commands for selectively closing or keeping the dome switches 15, 25, 35, 45 open and to send them to the dome switches.
  • the controller can generate disconnect commands suitable for isolating a detected error and send them to the respective safety devices 11, 13, 21, 23, 31, 33, 41, 43.
  • an alarm can preferably be output to an operator in addition to eliminating and possibly isolating the error. It has to be considered from application to application whether a central controller, which must monitor at least four channels, or a decentralized solution, for example with correspondingly more complex source-side safety devices and/or tie switches, should be preferred.
  • the present invention entails a certain amount of implementation effort, but this should be worthwhile in most cases, because only the present invention enables the use of significantly smaller power supply modules (as already explained, the power supply modules only have to be used for 133% of the normal load can be designed, compared to 200% of the normal load in isolated subsystems not equipped according to the invention) and at the same time all relevant error scenarios can be detected in good time and the errors can be automatically isolated that there is no impairment in the operation of the loads LI, L2 coming. In addition, thanks to the present invention, the respective error can be corrected without the loads LI, L2 having to be switched off for this purpose.
  • controller includes processors and processing units in the broadest sense, ie for example general-purpose processors, graphics processors, digital Signal processors, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic circuits such as FPGAs, discrete analog or digital circuits and any combination thereof, including any other processing units known to those skilled in the art or hereafter developed.
  • processors can consist of one or more devices. When a processor consists of multiple devices, they may be configured to process instructions in parallel or sequentially.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une alimentation électrique redondante (1) comprenant : une première alimentation électrique (10) qui peut être connectée à une barre omnibus (100) au moyen d'un premier disjoncteur de couplage (15) et est connectée de manière amovible à une première charge (L1) au moyen d'un premier système de lignes (12) ; une deuxième alimentation électrique (20) qui peut être connectée à la barre omnibus (100) au moyen d'un deuxième disjoncteur de couplage (25) et est connectée de manière amovible à la première charge (L1) au moyen d'un deuxième système de lignes (22) ; une troisième alimentation électrique (30) qui peut être connectée à la barre omnibus (100) au moyen d'un troisième disjoncteur de couplage (35) et qui est connectée de manière amovible à une seconde charge (L2) au moyen d'un troisième système de lignes (32) ; et une quatrième alimentation électrique (40) qui peut être connectée à la barre omnibus (100) au moyen d'un quatrième disjoncteur de couplage (45) et qui est connectée de manière amovible à la seconde charge (L2) au moyen d'un quatrième système de lignes (42). Tous les disjoncteurs de couplage (15, 25, 35, 45) sont ouverts dans des conditions de fonctionnement normales.
EP22718993.3A 2021-05-03 2022-04-06 Alimentation électrique redondante, en particulier destinée à un centre de données, et procédé et programme informatique correspondants Pending EP4104269A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021204436 2021-05-03
PCT/EP2022/059084 WO2022233525A1 (fr) 2021-05-03 2022-04-06 Alimentation électrique redondante, en particulier destinée à un centre de données, et procédé et programme informatique correspondants

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4104269A1 true EP4104269A1 (fr) 2022-12-21

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22718993.3A Pending EP4104269A1 (fr) 2021-05-03 2022-04-06 Alimentation électrique redondante, en particulier destinée à un centre de données, et procédé et programme informatique correspondants

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4104269A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN115568291A (fr)
WO (1) WO2022233525A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6433444B1 (en) 2000-02-18 2002-08-13 General Electric Company Modular fault tolerant power distribution system
US8754544B2 (en) * 2005-01-27 2014-06-17 General Electric Company Apparatus for synchronizing uninterruptible power supplies
EP1890371A1 (fr) 2006-08-03 2008-02-20 Michael J. Mosman Configuration de système UPS se composant de modules parallèles et indépendants
US20140191579A1 (en) 2013-01-10 2014-07-10 GCCA Inc. Power System for Data Center
US10270285B2 (en) * 2015-07-31 2019-04-23 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Multi-UPS systems with coordinated fault response and power sharing using paralleling bus
US10199861B2 (en) * 2016-09-13 2019-02-05 Abb Schweiz Ag Isolated parallel UPS system with choke bypass switch

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WO2022233525A1 (fr) 2022-11-10
CN115568291A (zh) 2023-01-03

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