Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
  • C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
  • C04B26/26—Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
  • C08K5/101—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
  • C04B24/04—Carboxylic acids; Salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
  • C04B24/045—Esters, e.g. lactones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
  • C04B2111/0075—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for road construction

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of fluxing agents for hydrocarbon binders, which can be used in particular in road applications. More specifically, the invention relates to the use, as fluxing agent for a hydrocarbon binder, of a compound of formula (I) as defined below, and its use in a process for the preparation of a product. bituminous.
• bituminous products mineral particles are bound by a hydrocarbon binder, in particular a bitumen.
• the hydrocarbon binders used in bituminous products are very viscous products, typically viscoelastic, which, in order to be handled, need to be heated, emulsified and / or additives by so-called “fluxing" compounds.
• the fluxes make it possible, among other things, to reduce their viscosity.
• These fluxes can be of petroleum, carbochemical or even vegetable origin. Usual fluxes are fluxes of petroleum origin which include:
• petroleum fluxes which are products from the distillation of crude oil (light fraction (s)), which may have undergone a hydrotreatment operation. Mention may be made, for example, of the fluxing agents marketed by Total (Greenflux® 2000, Greenflux® SD in particular).
• the fluxes of petroleum origin are very satisfactory in terms of results. Indeed, when they are added to a hydrocarbon binder, they make it possible to occasionally lower its viscosity while generally ensuring that the mechanical performance of the bituminous product based on this fluxed hydrocarbon binder is not appreciably deteriorated and thus makes them clean. for their road use, in particular with a sufficient increase in cohesion.
• Patent application FR 3068702 discloses the use of monoesters said short chain saturated, that is to say typically less than Ci 6, for example C12 or C13, such as volatile fluxing agents making it possible, once incorporated into a binder hydrocarbon-based and before their evaporation, to reduce the viscosity of the hydrocarbon-based binder, and to limit the drawbacks of the usual volatile fluxes in terms of repercussions on the environment and of toxicity for their manipulator.
• a naturally occurring non-fossil flux is a naturally occurring non-fossil oil, one of its derivatives such as fatty acid esters, or a mixture of two or more of these oils and / or oil derivatives. Mention may in particular be made of vegetable oils such as sunflower, rapeseed, peanut, copra, linseed, palm, soybean, olive, castor, corn, squash and seed oils. grape, jojoba, sesame, walnut, hazelnut, Chinese wood, tall oil (tall oil), their derivatives, as well as their mixtures. These oils include unsaturated fatty acids at least C16 unsaturated.
• Such fluxes are for example described in applications FR 2 910 477, EP 0 900 822, FR 2 721 043 or FR 2 891 838.
• the flux is selected from the iodine number which characterizes the level of unsaturations of a compound and therefore its ability to react by sicactivtion. If they present less risk for the environment or the well-being and health of the operators, the fluxes of natural non-fossil long-chain origin, that is to say at least in Ci 6 , are however less satisfactory than the fluxes of petroleum origin in terms of results. Indeed, the results of increase in cohesion are less good. They most often lead to disorders in the event of showers, heat or too dense traffic, problems of bleeding, linked in particular to poor adhesion of the fluxed hydrocarbon binder to the solid mineral particles.
• bituminous products prepared using existing non-fossil naturally occurring fluxes are currently considered unsuitable for moderate to heavy traffic and climatic variations.
• a first object of the invention relates to the use of at least one compound of formula (I):
• R 1 is an alkyl group, linear or branched, C1-C6, and
• R 2 is a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain comprising from 2 to 13 carbon atoms and one or more unsaturations, the said unsaturations being one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, as fluxing agent for a hydrocarbon binder.
• a second object of the invention relates to a process for preparing a bituminous product comprising solid particles and a hydrocarbon binder, said process comprising a step of bringing the hydrocarbon binder, solid particles and at least one compound of formula (I) as described above and below.
• the invention relates to the use, as a fluxing agent, of at least one compound of formula (I):
• R 1 is an alkyl group, linear or branched, C1-C6, and - R 2 is a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain comprising from 2 to 13 carbon atoms and one or more unsaturations, said unsaturations being carbon-carbon double bonds.
• the invention relates in particular to the use, as fluxing agent, of at least one compound of formula (I):
• R 1 is an alkyl group, linear or branched, C1-C6, and
• R 2 is a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain comprising from 5 to 13 carbon atoms and one or more unsaturations, said unsaturations being carbon-carbon double bonds.
• the compound of formula (I) can be used alone or as a mixture with one or more other compounds of formula (I) and / or one or more other fluxing agents which can be fluxing agents commonly used in the technical field or as described. for example in FR 3,068,702.
• a compound of formula (I) or“ the compound of formula (I) ” denotes a compound of formula (I) used alone or a mixture of compounds of formula (I) .
• the compounds of formula (I) can be used in a process for preparing a bituminous product comprising solid particles and a hydrocarbon binder.
• the present invention also relates to a process for preparing a bituminous product comprising solid particles and a hydrocarbon binder, said process comprising a step of contacting a hydrocarbon binder, solid particles and a compound of formula (I) as described here.
• the contacting of the hydrocarbon binder, the solid particles and the compound of formula (I) can comprise the following steps:
• the contacting steps can be carried out in the sequential order of one and / or the other of the following three variants:
• step a) then step b), characterized in that step b) is carried out before the complete evaporation of the compound of formula (I) from the hydrocarbon binder, and or
• steps a) and b) are carried out concomitantly, and / or
• the contacting can also include a combination of these different variants.
• step (a) the compound of formula (I) is added to the mixture comprising the binder and the solid particles.
• the compound of formula (I) is always present within the hydrocarbon binder during all or part of the period of time when said hydrocarbon binder is brought into contact with the solid particles.
• the compound of formula (I) is therefore still present at least in part in the binder when it is brought into contact with the solid particles, preferably in an amount sufficient to act as a flux. .
• variant 2 and / or 3 when variant 2 and / or 3 is used, it can quite be envisaged to use, in a preliminary step (E0), compounds of formula (I) as fluxes in the binder, then of allow the compounds of formula (I) used to evaporate completely before using one and / or the other of variants 2 and 3.
• compounds of formula (I) identical or different from those used in the preliminary stage (E0), will be introduced together and / or after the mixing of the binder with the solid particles.
• the compounds of formulas (I) therefore provide a similar effect to fluxes of petroleum origin, but without the problems of their impact on the environment and of toxicity for the manipulator.
• the compounds of formula (I), before their evaporation, ensure not only a point reduction in the viscosity of the hydrocarbon binder, but also good wettability of the solid particles, for example solid mineral particles, by the hydrocarbon binder, typically of the same order as that of the best fluxing agents currently used, such as Greenflux® SD.
• the compounds of formula (I) also provide satisfactory adhesiveness, typically of the same order as those obtained with the best fluxing agents currently used.
• one or more compounds of formula (I) to the hydrocarbon binder therefore makes it possible to obtain a hydrocarbon binder exhibiting good workability (transient reduction in viscosity) and offering satisfactory wettability and adhesiveness with respect to the particles.
• solids for example solid mineral particles, to which it is added, all without the release of volatile organic compounds which may present a risk to the environment or to health.
• the compounds of formula (I) exhibit better fluxing properties than the volatile saturated monoesters described in application FR 3,068,702.
• the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention also make it possible to obtain a high-performance hydrocarbon binder after stabilization (these performances are seen through the results of penetrability, of ball-ring temperature).
• hydrocarbon binder or "binder” as used in the present description denotes any hydrocarbon binder of fossil or plant or synthetic origin which can be used for the production of so-called “bituminous” products.
• the hydrocarbon binder can be pure, additivated, in particular by adding additives commonly used in the road industry, for example stickiness dopes or vegetable waxes or of petrochemical origin, or else be modified, in particular by adding polymers.
• the hydrocarbon binder can be a soft to hard binder, advantageously of a grade ranging from 10/20 to 160/220.
• the hydrocarbon binder is a bitumen, pure, with additives or modified as described above.
• bitumen-modifying “polymers” referred to here can be chosen from natural or synthetic polymers. It is a question, for example, polymers of the family of elastomers, synthetic or natural, and exemplarily and not limiting:
• the bitumen-modifying polymers can be chosen from recovered polymers, for example “rubber powder” or other rubber-based compositions reduced to pieces or to powder, for example obtained from used tires or other waste materials.
• base polymers (cables, packaging, agricultural, ...) or any other polymer commonly used for bitumen modification such as those mentioned in the Technical Guide written by the International Road Association (PIARC) and published by the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées "Use of Modified Bituminous Binders, Special Bitumens and Bitumens with Additives in Road Pavements” (Paris, LCPC, 1999), as well as any mixture in any proportion of these polymers.
• the hydrocarbon binder can be in anhydrous form, in the form of an emulsion or a foam.
• the hydrocarbon binder When the hydrocarbon binder is in the form of an emulsion, the hydrocarbon binder (bitumen, synthetic binder or vegetable binder) is dispersed in a continuous phase, typically an aqueous phase, for example water.
• a surfactant can be added to the emulsion to stabilize it.
• the hydrocarbon binder is dispersed in fine droplets in a continuous phase, for example in water, by mechanical action.
• a surfactant forms a protective film around the droplets, preventing them from clumping together and thus allowing the mixture to be kept stable and stored for a period of time.
• the amount and type of surfactant added to the mixture determines the stability of the emulsion in storage and affects the cure time upon application.
• the surfactant can be positively charged, negatively charged, amphoteric, or nonionic.
• the surfactant is advantageously selected from surfactants of petroleum, plant and animal origin and their mixtures (for example the surfactant can be of plant and petroleum origin).
• the surfactant can be an alkaline soap of fatty acids: sodium or potassium salts of an organic acid (resin for example).
• the emulsion is then anionic.
• the surfactant can be an acidic soap, which is generally obtained by the action of hydrochloric acid on one or two amines.
• the emulsion is then cationic.
• surfactants relevant for road application mention may be made of the surfactants marketed by Akzo NOBEL (Redicote® E9, Redicote® EM 44, Redicote® EM 76), the surfactants marketed by CECA (Dinoram® S, Polyram® S, Polyram® L 80), the surfactants marketed by Meadwestvaco (Indulin® R33, Indulin® R66, Indulin® W5). These surfactants can be used alone or in mixtures.
• the emulsion can contain synthetic or natural latex.
• latex is meant a dispersion of polymers (polyisoprene, SBS, SB, SBR, acrylic polymers, etc.) crosslinked or not in the aqueous phase. This latex is incorporated into the aqueous phase before emulsification or online during the manufacture of the emulsion, or again after manufacture of the emulsion.
• the foam is typically obtained by a process of injecting into the inlet of the binder a quantity of water, and optionally air, the water being pure or possibly comprising additives making it possible to modify the adhesiveness or even the rheological properties of the binder.
• solid particles denotes any solid particles which can be used for the production of bituminous products, in particular for road construction.
• solid particles include solid mineral particles such as natural mineral aggregates (chippings, sand, fines), for example from quarries or gravel pits, recycling products such as asphalt aggregates, for example resulting from the recycling of materials recovered during road repairs or surplus asphalt mixing plants, manufacturing scrap, "shingles" (from recycling roofing membranes), aggregates from recycling road materials including concrete, slag in particular slag, shale in particular bauxite or corundum, rubber powder from recycling tires in particular, artificial aggregates of any origin and aggregates from, for example, bottom ash from the incineration of household waste (MIOM) , as well as their mixtures in all proportions.
• MIOM household waste
• Solid particles in particular solid mineral particles, for example natural mineral aggregates, typically include:
• the size of the solid particles is measured by the tests described in standard NF EN 933-2 (version May 1996).
• asphalt aggregates is used to designate asphalt fragments (a mixture of aggregates and bituminous binders) coming from the milling of asphalt layers, from the crushing of slabs extracted from asphalt pavements, from pieces of asphalt slabs, asphalt waste or asphalt production surplus (production surpluses are materials coated or partially coated in a plant resulting from transient phases of production). These and other recycled products can reach sizes up to 31.5mm.
• the “solid mineral particles” are also designated by the terms “0 / D mineral fraction”. This 0 / D mineral fraction can be separated into two particle sizes: the 0 / d mineral fraction and the d / D mineral fraction.
• the finest elements (the mineral fraction 0 / d) will be those included in the range between 0 and a maximum diameter which can be set between 2 and 6 mm (from 0/2 to 0/6), advantageously between 2 and 4 mm.
• the other elements (minimum diameter greater than 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 mm; and approximately up to 31.5 mm) constitute the mineral fraction d / D.
• R 1 is an alkyl group, linear or branched, C1-C6, and
• the compounds of formula (I) preferably have a molecular mass by weight varying from 140 g / mol to 270 g / mol.
• the molecular mass may for example be greater than or equal to 150 g / mol, in particular greater than or equal to 160 g / mol or even 170 g / mol.
• the molecular mass typically remains less than 260 g / mol, for example less than or equal to 250 g / mol.
• the total number of carbon atoms of the compounds of formula (I) preferably varies from 5 to 17. According to one embodiment, the total number of carbon atoms is greater than or equal to 6, or even greater than or equal to 7. , for example greater than or equal to 8. Furthermore, it is generally preferred that the total number of carbon atoms is less than or equal to 16, for example less than or equal to 15. The total number of carbon atoms may for example example be between 10 and 16, for example between 11 and 15 or between 11 and 14.
• R 1 represents a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl or isopentyl group, preferably a C1-C3 alkyl group, for example a group methyl, ethyl or isopropyl, in particular a methyl group.
• R 2 is a hydrocarbon chain comprising from 5 to 13, preferably from 8 to 13, more preferably from 9 to 13 carbon atoms, linear or branched, carrying at least one carbon-carbon double bond. .
• R 2 is a hydrocarbon chain as defined above comprising one or two carbon-carbon double bonds.
• R 1 is a C1-C3 alkyl group as described above, in particular a methyl group
• R 2 is a hydrocarbon chain comprising from 5 to 13, preferably from 8 to 13, more preferably from 9 to 13 carbon atoms.
• a compound of formula (I) mention may in particular be made of methyl 9-decenoate, methyl 9-dodecenoate, methyl 10-undecenoate, ethyl 10-undecenoate, n- 10-undecenoate.
• propyl isopropyl 10-undecenoate, ethyl 9-decenoate, n-propyl 9-decenoate, isopropyl 9-decenoate, ethyl 9-dodecenoate, n- 9-dodecenoate propyl, isopropyl 9-dodecenoate and methyl 9,12-tridecadienoate.
• the compounds of formula (I) are commercially available or can be prepared according to methods known to those skilled in the art.
• the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention can be obtained by metathesis reaction of a glyceride comprising at least one unsaturation in the presence of an olefin and of a metathesis catalyst.
• ruthenium to produce the desired ester according to the method described in US Pat. No. 8,569,560.
• said glyceride is in particular chosen from vegetable oils, in particular soybean oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, oil sesame oil, Jatropha oil, castor oil, grape seed oil, peanut oil and mixtures thereof.
• vegetable oils in particular soybean oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, oil sesame oil, Jatropha oil, castor oil, grape seed oil, peanut oil and mixtures thereof.
• it is rapeseed oil, palm oil, jatropha oil or soybean oil.
• Said olefin is preferably chosen from ⁇ -olefins, having in particular a number of carbon atoms less than or equal to 7.
• said olefin includes ethylene, 1-propene, 1 -butene, 1-pentene. , 1-hexene and 1-heptene.
• the metathesis catalyst used is in particular a Grubbs-Hoveyda type catalyst as described in US Pat. No. 8,569,560.
• methyl 9-decenoate and methyl 9-dodecenoate are obtained by metathesis reaction from a vegetable oil of triglyceride nature as described above, with an ⁇ -olefin, in particular 1 -butene, and a metathesis catalyst.
• the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention can be obtained by pyrolysis at very high temperature of esters of castor oil according to the method described in application WO 2013/079888 on page 11, lines 10-12 and 26-32 and page 12, lines 22 to 28, also called in English "steam cracking".
• This pyrolysis method can in particular be used for the synthesis of methyl 10-undecenoate by pyrolysis of the methyl ester of castor oil.
• the compound of formula (I) can be used alone or as a mixture with one or more other compounds of formula (I) and / or one or more other fluxing agents which can be fluxing agents commonly used in the technical field. or as described in FR3068702.
• the compounds of formula (I) can be used in admixture with other compounds known as fluxing agents such as plant fluxes such as for example OIeoflux®, or mineral fluxing agents such as for example Greenflux® SD, Greenflux® 2000 or Varsol® 120.
• fluxing agents such as plant fluxes such as for example OIeoflux®, or mineral fluxing agents such as for example Greenflux® SD, Greenflux® 2000 or Varsol® 120.
• the compounds of formula (I) can be used as a mixture with one or more compounds of formula (II) described in application FR 3,068,702:
• the compound of formula (II) may advantageously be introduced as a mixture with the compound of formula (I), according to one and / or the other of the aforementioned variants 1, 2 and / or 3 or during step (E0) .
• a compound known as a fluxing agent as described above and / or one or more compounds of formula (II) may be added to the binder before and / or during and / or after (and preferably before and / or during) the contacting of the solid particles with the binder, regardless of the time of introduction of the compound of formula (I).
• at least part of the compounds of formula (I) and at least part of the compounds of formula (II) are present simultaneously in the binder, preferably at least during part of the time when the binder is in contact. with solid particles.
• the compound of formula (I) / compound of formula (II) mass ratio is advantageously greater than or equal to 1, more advantageously between 1 and 5, even more advantageously between 1 and 3.
• the compound of formula (I) / compound of formula (II) mass ratio is greater than 5, or even greater than 10, or even greater than 15.
• compounds of formula (II) it is possible in particular to cite methyl laurate, ethyl laurate, isopropyl laurate, mixture of methyl laurate and methyl myristate, methyl cocoate, ethyl cocoate, isopropyl cocoate, methyl, ethyl myristate, isopropyl myristate, Texanol® or 2-ethyl hexyl acetate.
• the compounds of formula (I) useful according to the invention are used in the form of a mixture not comprising a compound of formula (II).
• a “bituminous product” designates a product comprising a hydrocarbon binder and solid particles, in particular solid mineral particles. Mention may in particular be made of cold-cast bituminous materials (MBCF), surface coatings, emulsion mixes, storable mixes, hot mixes, warm mixes with controlled workability which are described in more detail below. .
• MBCF cold-cast bituminous materials
• Bituminous products can contain significant contents (ranging from 0% to 100% by weight, advantageously from 20% to 50% by weight, relative to the total weight) of recycling products (aggregates of asphaltic product, aggregates of asphalt) .
• bituminous products are prepared according to processes known in the technical field, the difference residing in the use of a compound of formula (I) as described above.
• Surface plasters
• a surface coating within the meaning of the present description, denotes a layer consisting of superimposed layers of a hydrocarbon binder and solid particles, in particular solid mineral particles. It is typically obtained by spraying a hydrocarbon binder then by spreading solid mineral particles on this binder, in one or more layers. The whole is then compacted.
• a surface coating requires not only a binder which is sufficiently fluid to be able to be sprayed, but also a binder which allows good adhesion of the solid mineral particles on the support.
• the fluxing agent added to the binder must make it possible to soften it without penalizing the wetting of the solid mineral particles by the binder.
• the flux must make it possible to soften the binder during its spraying, but once sprayed, the binder must harden quickly in order also to meet the criterion of increasing cohesion. If the binder does not properly wet the solid mineral particles, the adhesion of this binder to these particles will not be satisfactory or even unacceptable.
• the binder affinity - solid mineral particles is determined by the possibility of wetting the solid mineral particles by the binder, which is assessed by means of the test for determining the binder-aggregate adhesiveness by measuring the Vialit cohesion (NF EN 12272-3, 2003-07-01).
• the compound of formula (I) is advantageously added in full to the hydrocarbon binder then the resulting composition comprising the hydrocarbon binder and the compound of formula (I) is sprayed onto the solid mineral particles before complete evaporation of the compound of formula (I) out of the composition.
• said compound of formula (I) is still present at least in part when the fluxed binder is brought into contact with the solid mineral particles, preferably in an amount sufficient in the composition to allow good adhesion of the binding to solid mineral particles.
• the solid mineral particles used in a coating advantageously belong to the following granular classes (d / D): 4 / 6.3, 6.3 / 10, 10/14.
• the total content of hydrocarbon binder in a coating will be adapted according to the structure of the coating (single or two-layer, type of grit), the nature of the binder and the size of the solid mineral particles, in particular the aggregates, following for example the recommendations of the document “Surface wear coatings - Technical guide, May 1995”.
• the hydrocarbon binder used for the manufacture of a coating can be a pure bitumen or modified by polymers, as described above.
• the hydrocarbon binder used for the manufacture of a coating may be in the form of an anhydrous binder or in the form of an emulsion binder.
• the hydrocarbon binder is used as an anhydrous binder during the manufacture of the plaster.
• the hydrocarbon binder advantageously comprises, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon binder, from 3% to 18% by weight of fluxing agent, said fluxing agent denoting a compound of formula (I) or a mixture of compounds of formula (I), optionally as a mixture with other plant or mineral fluxing agents as described above.
• the coating is advantageously used at a temperature less than or equal to 200 ° C, for example ranging from 120 ° C to 180 ° C or ranging from 130 ° C to 160 ° C.
• the hydrocarbon binder is an emulsion binder.
• the hydrocarbon binder advantageously comprises, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon binder, 0.1 to 10% by weight of said compound of formula (I) or of the mixture of compounds of formula (I), more advantageously 0.5 at 8% by weight, even more preferably 1 to 6% by weight.
• the coating is advantageously used at a temperature less than or equal to 40 ° C, for example ranging from 5 ° C to 40 ° C or ranging from 15 ° C to 35 ° C.
• Emulsion bituminous concrete BBE
• Emulsion bituminous concretes also called emulsion mixes, are hydrocarbon mixes produced cold from a mixture of solid particles, in particular solid mineral particles including aggregates, of a hydrocarbon binder in emulsion. , typically bitumen (modified or not) and additives.
• the aggregates can be used without drying and prior heating or undergo partial hot pre-lacquering. It may sometimes be necessary to reheat the mix obtained after its manufacture, during its implementation.
• This technique known as the "cold” technique, has the significant environmental advantage of not producing smoke emissions, which reduces the nuisance for workers and residents.
• the quality of the coating can be mediocre, with the observation of a stripping phenomenon: poor distribution of the bitumen film over the entire granular fraction, especially as the fluxing or fluidifying content is high. .
• the step of mixing the granular fractions and the binder, possibly the fluxing agent can be sequenced. These sequenced processes involve more steps and therefore are less economical.
• the compound of formula (I) makes it possible to efficiently flux bituminous concretes with emulsion.
• the compound of formula (I) also aids in compaction.
• the invention can also make it possible to dispense with the implementation of sequenced and / or reheating processes.
• the compound of formula (I) is advantageously added to the hydrocarbon binder according to one and / or the other of the 3 variants described above, and thus before and / or during and / or after contacting the binder and the solid particles.
• the compound of formula (I) is introduced at the latest before using the bituminous concrete with the emulsion, and is present at least in part in the composition comprising the binder and the solid particles to allow good adhesion.
• the compound of formula (I) is introduced into the binder in emulsion, then said binder is brought into contact with solid particles (variant 1).
• the compound of formula (I) is introduced at least in part at the same time as the solid particles in the emulsion binder (variant 2).
• part or all of the compound of formula (I) is introduced into a premix based on emulsion binder and solid particles (variant 3).
• the resulting composition further comprises a sufficient amount of compound of formula (I) for processing asphalt concrete with emulsion.
• the solid particles in particular the solid mineral particles (for example the natural mineral solid particles or the asphalt aggregates), for bituminous concretes with emulsion advantageously comprise:
• the hydrocarbon binder used for the synthesis of bituminous concrete in emulsion is in the form of an emulsion binder.
• the total content of the hydrocarbon binder in said emulsion is typically 2 to 8 pph (part weight percent), preferably 3 to 7 pph, more preferably 3.5 to 5.5 pph, based on the weight of the solid particles.
• This binder content corresponds to the amount of binder introduced as such (input binder) plus the possible amount of binder recovered from the asphalt aggregates which may form part of the solid mineral fraction.
• the hydrocarbon binder in an emulsion used for making asphalt concrete with an emulsion advantageously comprises, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon binder, 1 to 25% by weight of said compound of formula (I) or of the mixture of compounds of formula (I), more preferably 2 to 15% by weight, still more preferably 2 to 10% by weight, still more preferably 3 to 10% by weight.
• Emulsion bituminous concretes can be used for the manufacture of storable asphalt.
• the hydrocarbon binder advantageously comprises, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon binder, 10 to 30% by weight of said compound of formula (I) or of the mixture of compounds of formula (I), more advantageously 15 to 25 % by weight, even more preferably 17 to 22% by weight.
• Cold cast bituminous materials are surface layer mixes made up of solid particles, such as solid mineral particles, for example aggregates, not dried coated with bitumen emulsion and continuously cast in place using equipment. specific.
• this very thin cold cast coating (generally 6 to 13 mm thick per layer) must reach its final consistency (increase in cohesion) very quickly.
• the two essential parameters governing the formulation, manufacture and processing of cold-cast bituminous materials are: - the workability of the solid particles (aggregates) / emulsion mixture: optimization of the proportions of the different constituents (water, additives, formulation of the emulsion) to obtain sufficient processing time and thus allow the solid particles (aggregates) to be mixed with the emulsion in the mixer.
• the compounds of formula (I) allow efficient fluxing of cold cast bituminous materials.
• the compounds of formula (I) make it possible to improve the kinetics of the rise in cohesion of the cold cast bituminous material.
• bitumen droplets For a cold cast bituminous material, the initially separated bitumen droplets give the system a fluid character and easy placement using specific machines for cold cast bituminous materials. The system is then viscous. The characteristic time during which this state persists is called handling time. Secondly, the bitumen droplets gradually coalesce. When all of the bitumen droplets are combined, the emulsion is considered to have broken (break-through time). The system is then viscoelastic. The system subsequently tends to contract so as to reduce the contact surface between the water and the bitumen (cohesion time). This process follows a kinetics which will depend on the electrostatic repulsions between droplets and therefore on the nature of the bitumen and of the emulsifier. The kinetics of the coalescence reaction between the bitumen droplets will determine the speed of the rise in cohesion of the cold-cast bituminous material which may result in whether the material is sensitive or not to the conditions of ripening at a young age.
• the compounds of formula (I) advantageously make it possible to facilitate the coalescence of the bitumen droplets.
• the compound of formula (I) is introduced into the emulsion binder, then said binder is brought into contact with solid particles, in particular aggregates (variant 1).
• the compound of formula (I) is introduced into the binder then the binder is emulsified in an aqueous continuous phase.
• the compound of formula (I) is introduced into the binder already in emulsion.
• the compound of formula (I) is added at the same time as the solid particles (aggregates) to the emulsion hydrocarbon binder (variant 2). It is possible to premix the compound of formula (I) and the solid particles.
• Another part of the compound of formula (I) is added at the same time as the solid particles (aggregates) to the hydrocarbon binder in emulsion and the part already introduced of the compound of formula (I).
• part or all of the compound of formula (I) is introduced to a premix based on emulsion binder and solid particles (aggregates) (variant 3) , before rupture of the emulsion.
• the solid particles for example natural mineral solid particles or asphalt aggregates used for cold-cast bituminous materials advantageously include:
• the hydrocarbon binder used in the manufacture of cold cast bituminous materials is in the form of an emulsion binder.
• the binder content advantageously varies from 50 to 75% by weight of binder, relative to the total weight of the emulsion, more advantageously from 55 to 70% by weight, even more advantageously from 60 to 65% by weight .
• the hydrocarbon binder suitable for cold cast bituminous materials advantageously comprises, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon binder, 0.1 to 6% by weight of said compound of formula (I) or of the mixture of compounds of formula (I), more advantageously 0.1 to 3% by weight of said compound of formula (I) or of the mixture of compounds of formula (I).
• the hydrocarbon binder comprises less than 2% by weight of said compound of formula (I) or of the mixture of compounds of formula (I), advantageously less than 1.5% by weight, even more advantageously 0.1 to 1% by weight of said compound of formula (I) or a mixture of compounds of formula (I).
• Hot asphalt mixes are obtained by hot mixing solid particles, for example aggregates and a binder.
• This binder can be a pure or modified bitumen (for example addition of polymer (s), of fluxes of petroleum or plant origin), a pure or modified plant binder or a synthetic binder of petroleum origin.
• the solid particles (aggregates) are heated, as a rule to a temperature above 100 ° C.
• Warm hydrocarbon mixes are mixes used at temperatures of approximately 30 to 50 ° C below the temperatures used for hot hydrocarbon mixes.
• the compound of formula (I) is advantageously added to the hydrocarbon binder according to one and / or the other of the 3 variants described above, and thus before and / or during and / or after contacting the binder and the solid particles.
• the compound of formula (I) is introduced at the latest before use of the hot or warm hydrocarbon mixes, and is present at least in part in the composition comprising the binder and the solid particles to allow good adhesion.
• the compound of formula (I) is introduced into the binder, then said binder is brought into contact with solid particles (variant 1).
• the solid particles are as defined above (for example natural mineral solid particles or asphalt aggregates) and advantageously include:
• the hydrocarbon binder is in the anhydrous form.
• the total content of hydrocarbon binder is 3 to 7 pph (part weight percent), preferably 3.5 to 6 pph based on the weight of the solid particles.
• This binder content corresponds to the amount of binder introduced as such (filler binder) plus the possible amount of binder recovered from the mix aggregates forming part of the solid fraction.
• the hydrocarbon binder advantageously comprises, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon binder, 1 to 30% by weight of said compound of formula (I) or of the mixture of compounds of formula (I).
• the flux content is adjusted as a function of the time between manufacture and use.
• the hydrocarbon binder advantageously comprises, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon binder, 0.1 to 6% by weight of said compound of formula (I) or a mixture of compounds of formula (I).
• These hot or warm asphalt mixes can be used for the manufacture of storable mixes.
• the hydrocarbon binder advantageously comprises, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon binder, 15 to 30% by weight of said compound of formula (I) or of the mixture of compounds of formula (I), more advantageously 15 to 25 % by weight, even more preferably 17 to 22% by weight.
• Anhydrous binders This is a method of obtaining a thin layer of binder. Stabilization is carried out according to standard NF EN 13074 1, 2 (April 2011) by leaving the bitumen fluxed for 24 hours at laboratory temperature then transferred to a ventilated oven for 24 hours at 50 ° C, and finally, 24 hours at 80 ° C in order to to allow evaporation of the flux.
• Penetrability corresponds to the consistency expressed as the depth, in tenths of a millimeter, corresponding to the vertical penetration of a reference needle in a test sample of the material, under prescribed conditions of temperature, load and duration of load application.
• the penetrability test is carried out according to standard NF EN 1426 (June 2007). In the examples, the measurements were carried out at 25 ° C., for a load of 100 g and a duration of 5 s.
• the penetrability can be measured using a fluxed bitumen, a stabilized binder obtained from a fluxed bitumen or else a stabilized binder obtained from a bitumen emulsion.
• - Ball-ring temperature This is the temperature at which the binder reaches a precise consistency under the reference conditions of the test.
• Two horizontal bitumen disks, molded into shouldered brass rings, are heated in a stirred liquid (water) bath with a controlled temperature rise rate (5 ° C / min, initial bath temperature of (5 ⁇ 1) ° C), while each is supporting a steel ball.
• the softening point noted must correspond to the average of the temperatures at which the two discs soften sufficiently to allow each ball, wrapped in bituminous binder, to descend from a height of (25.0 ⁇ 0.4) mm.
• the measurement is carried out according to standard NF EN 1427 (June 2007).
• the ball-ring temperature can be measured from a fluxed bitumen, a stabilized binder obtained from a fluxed bitumen or a stabilized binder obtained from a bitumen emulsion.
• the loss of mass after stabilization is measured as the difference in mass between the binder deposited at the start of the stabilization procedure and the mass of binder actually measured after the stabilization step (standard NF EN 13074 1, 2, April 2011)
• thermobalance This is a measure of the mass loss of fluxed bitumen as a function of time at a fixed temperature of 50 or 85 ° C. The test is carried out using a thermobalance and makes it possible to evaluate the kinetics of evaporation of a flux.
• Adhesiveness This is a method for determining the binder-aggregate adhesiveness and the influence of additives on the characteristics of this adhesiveness (Standard NF EN 12272 - July 3, 2003).
• the necessary amount of binder is heated to the spreading temperature and then applied evenly to a steel plate.
• the test is carried out at (5 ⁇ 1) ° C. 100 calibrated chippings are distributed over the binder, then rolled.
• the plate thus prepared is turned over and then placed on a support with three points. A steel ball falls on the plate from a height of 500 mm, three times in 10 s.
• NF P 98-251-4, DATE The purpose of this test method is to determine, for two compaction methods, the percentage of voids and the resistance to water, at 18 ° C, from a cold hydrocarbon mixture to the bitumen emulsion from the ratio of compressive strengths with and without immersion of the test pieces. According to modality 1, the specimens are made with a load of 60kN per specimen.
• Methyl F2 9-dodecenoate (marketed by Elevance Renewable Sciences)
• the TO binder is a non-fluxed binder, which serves as a control allowing the performance of the binder according to the invention to be compared with the binder without addition of compound according to the invention.
• the binders C1 and C2 are binders fluxed with a volatile petroleum flux, which serve as comparative examples.
• the binders C3, C4 and C5 are binders fluxed with a volatile flux of the short-chain saturated monoester type (methyl laurate), which serve as comparative examples.
• Binder C6 is a binder fluxed with a plant flux of the long-chain unsaturated monoester type (sunflower oil methyl ester) which serves as a comparative example.
• the binders from L1 to L9 are binders according to the invention.
• the properties of the binders according to the STV pseudo-viscosity test at 40 ° C with a 10mm orifice (NF EN 12846-2) are reported in the following table.
• Greenflux® SD sold by TOTAL Radia 7118 sold by OLEON (3) tall oil fatty amides, N - [(dimethylamino) -3propyl] sold by INGEVITY
• the T0 binder is a non-fluxed binder, which serves as a control allowing the performance of the binder according to the invention to be compared with the binder without the addition of compound according to the invention.
• Binder C7 is a binder fluxed with a volatile petroleum flux, which serves as a comparative example.
• Binder C8 is a binder fluxed with a volatile flux of saturated monoester (methyl laurate) type, which serves as a comparative example.
• Binders L10, L11 and L12 are binders according to the invention.
• the binders according to the invention regain their properties before fluxing, seen through the penetrability and the bead-ring temperature.
• the binders according to the invention (L10, L11 and L12) have, after stabilization, lower penetrability values and higher ball-ring temperature values than the values measured with the reference binder C7.
• Example 2 bituminous concrete with emulsion
• Emulsion bituminous concretes are defined by the French standard NF P98-139 (December 2016).
• the bituminous concretes with emulsion according to the following formulas for a BBE of Type 2 M were prepared:
• Ppc means "parts per hundred by weight” relative to the weight of the solid mineral fraction.
• the emulsion is a cationic emulsion comprising as binder a 70/100 bitumen.
• the binder content of the emulsion used is 65% by weight, relative to the total weight of the emulsion.
• the flux was introduced by spraying at the end of mixing.
• Compound (I) makes it possible to improve the workability of bituminous concretes with emulsion compared to reference solutions.
• Compound (I) makes it possible to reach the values specified for the Duriez test in standard NF P98-139 for a BBE Type 2 M.
• Example 3 emulsion fluxed polymer binders for surface coatings The following binders were prepared:
• this binder has a cohesion greater than or equal to 1.3 J / cm 2 as measured according to standard NF EN 13588 of November 2017 after stabilization according to standards NF EN 13074-1 and 13074-2
• Binder C9 is a fluxed binder-polymer, which serves as a comparative example.
• the binders L13, L14 and L15 are binders according to the invention.
• binders C9, L13, L14 and L15 were emulsified following the same emulsification protocol, with the same surfactant (HCL / amine). Cationic emulsions are made.
• the properties of the emulsions comply with the expected specifications.
• the properties of emulsions with binders L13, L14 and L15 are comparable to those observed for the emulsion with binder C9 while the flux content for binders L13, L14 and L15 is lower. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the fluxants of the invention for emulsifying binder-polymers.
• the properties of the stabilized emulsions testify to a faster evaporation of the fluxes of the invention compared to the reference petroleum flux.

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