EP4101061A1

EP4101061A1 - Magnetic turbine and magnetic turbine assembly

Info

Publication number: EP4101061A1
Application number: EP21705096.2A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Petr Orel
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-02-05
Filing date: 2021-02-01
Publication date: 2022-12-14
Also published as: WO2021155872A1; CZ202055A3; CZ308739B6

Abstract

The magnetic turbine (1) comprises the rotor (2) and the assigned stator (3). The rotor (2) is, on its side facing the stator (3), equipped with at least one magnetic row (4) formed by in-line magnets (8) of the same polarity, but with different magnetic forces, arranged with gradually increasing forces in series in the direction of rotation of the rotor (2). The rotor (2) is also fitted with at least one external magnet (5), the polarity of which is the same as that of the in-line magnets (8) behind the last in-line magnet (8) in the direction of the rotor (2) rotation. The stator (3) is fitted with at least one hold-down magnet (6), the polarity of which is opposite to that of the in-line magnets (8) of the rotor (2), arranged against the magnetic row (4), and at least one electromagnet (7) arranged against the external magnet (5).

Description

Magnetic Turbine and Magnetic Turbine Assembly

Field of the Invention

The present invention discloses a magnetic turbine and a magnetic turbine assembly as a drive unit creating torque by the action of magnetic forces of permanent magnets and electromagnets.

Background of the Invention

Common technologies behind electric power generation utilize a number of physical and chemical processes that are based on the conversion of one type of energy into electric power, the storage and transmission of which are easier than for other kinds of energy. Among the well-known conversions is the conversion of mechanical and/or dynamic energy of water, wind, tide, etc., where the movement of these elements sets in motion an electric turbine that partly absorbs such dynamic energy and converts it into electric power using electromagnetic induction. Similarly, also solar, thermal, etc. energy can be converted into electric power.

Among the basic equipment used for the conversion of dynamic energy into electric power are direct-current generators and alternating-current generators. While direct-current generators generate direct current, alternating-current generators generate alternating current. Alternating-current generators form the basis of a majority of electric power generators. An alternating-current generator comprises the stator consisting of a system of coils and the rotor, i.e. an electromagnet. To generate electric current, a three-phase alternating -current generator is used, the coils of which form an angle of 120°, with a magnet positioned in the middle. Alternating-current voltage that is displaced one to another by a third of one revolution is induced by the rotor rotational movement.

The EP 2299112 patent document discloses a generator of electric power utilizing dynamic energy for turning up the rotor as in the standard alternating-current generator. The difference between this technical solution and the alternating-current generator according to the standard design rests in the use of permanent magnets along the rotor circumference instead of the electromagnets. Even here, rotational movement and the induced movement of the magnetic field results in induction in the pair of stators equipped with coils and the generation of electric power. A similar principle of interaction between rotating permanent magnets is disclosed in the WO 2011147935 document, where the design of the rotor is circumferential and the design of the stator is central, or as disclosed in the EP 2290792 document with the standard central rotor and the circumferential stator case.

The EP 2226815 document discloses a generator of a variable magnetic field. The essence of the equipment is a pair of rings, each of which comprises a system of permanent magnets with differently oriented polarities, that rotate in opposite directions. Both rings are separated by a cavity and create an internal cavity with a variable magnetic field.

The EP 3125257 document discloses a generator of magnetic field with a dipole ring that is able to generate a substantially unidirectional magnetic field in the inner space of the ring without utilizing pieces of permanent magnets with fan-shaped or trapezoidal sections. Due to this arrangement, a smaller bevel angle of the permanent magnet is achieved. The sections of the pieces of permanent magnets are shaped as perpendicular, and a number of rectangular pieces of permanent magnets are deployed circumferentially in pre-defined positions. The disadvantage of this solution is the complexity of calculations of the right positioning of the sectional magnets and the calculation of their force.

The task of the invention is to utilize to the maximum extent the interaction between permanent magnets to create a rotary magnetic field that sets in motion the rotor to reduce energy demands for the supply of electric power to drive a turbine. Summary of the Invention

The disadvantages of the known solutions of turbine designs that comprise at least one rotor and the assigned stator, where the rotor and stator are fitted with magnetic elements adapted to mutual magnetic interaction to set the rotor in motion, are removed by the present invention of the magnetic turbine. The magnetic turbine according to the present invention comprises the rotor that is fitted with at least one magnetic row on its side facing the stator. This magnetic row is comprised of in-line magnets with the same polarity but with different magnetic forces. These in-line magnets are arranged into a magnetic row with increasing magnetic forces in the direction of the rotor rotation. In addition, the rotor is fitted with at least one external magnet, the polarity of which is the same as that of the in-line magnets, that is arranged outside the magnetic row behind the last in-line magnet in the direction of the rotor rotation. According to the present invention, the stator is fitted, on its side facing the rotor, with at least one hold-down magnet, the polarity of which is opposite to that of the in-line magnets in the rotor. The hold-down magnet is arranged against the in-line magnets of the magnetic row. The stator is also equipped with at least one electromagnet arranged against an external magnet. A magnet as disclosed in the present invention refers to a permanent magnet forming a magnetic field without the necessity of external electric power supply. On the other hand, an electromagnet refers to a piece of equipment for the creation of a temporary magnetic field by a coil with the metal core generating a magnetic field due to the passage of electric power through the coil.

In a preferred embodiment, the rotor and stator are formed by flat sections. The rotor in this preferred embodiment has a flat circular shape, when viewed from the front side, while the stator has a flat quadrangular shape in the front view. The stator and rotor are arranged in parallel on the same central axis of the rotor rotation.

In another preferred embodiment, the magnetic turbine is comprised of one rotor arranged in parallel on a single axis of rotation of the rotor between a pair of stators. In this preferred embodiment, the two stators are equipped with hold-down magnets and electromagnets arranged only on the side of the stator adjacent to the rotor. On the other hand, the magnetic rows and external magnets of the rotor are arranged on both sides of the rotor.

In another preferred embodiment, the rotor is fitted, on each of its sides, with a pair of magnetic rows arranged on the opposite sides and a pair of external magnets fitted on the opposite sides. In this preferred embodiment, the stator is equipped, on its side adjacent to the rotor, with a pair of hold-down magnets arranged on the opposite sides and a pair of electromagnets arranged on the opposite sides.

In the following preferred embodiment, the rotor has on each of its sides four magnetic rows arranged evenly at an angle of 90° and four external magnets arranged evenly at an angle of 90°. In this preferred embodiment, the stator has, on its side adjacent to the rotor, four hold down magnets arranged evenly at an angle of 90° and two electromagnets arranged on the opposite sides.

In a preferred embodiment, all magnetic rows have identical arrangement and configuration of forces. Due to this arrangement, in one case, the in-line magnets of the rotor and the hold down magnets of the stator interact by their magnetic forces, while in the other case, magnetic forces affect mutual interaction between the external magnets of the rotor and the electromagnets of the stator. The effect of magnetic forces is continual and the design of the arrangement of individually positioned magnets and electromagnets ensures as regular as possible rotation of the rotor without any considerable vibrations and variations.

In another preferred embodiment, individual external magnets have the same size, shape and pitch between the neighbouring magnets and attain the same values of magnetic force. The situation with the hold-down magnets and electromagnets is similar.

In another preferred embodiment, the rotor is fitted with a fixed, load-bearing shaft and the stators are fitted with fixed centring bearing housings, in which the free ends of the load-bearing shaft of the rotor are inserted, thanks to which the distances between the stator and rotor are defined with the rotor rotation fully maintained.

Connection of several turbines into a unit forms an assembly of magnetic turbines. Such an assembly consists of a box fitted with a plurality of magnetic turbines, each of which comprises one rotor and two stators. In this embodiment, the magnetic turbines are arranged in the box in series with the same axis of rotation of the rotors. The resulting torque of individual magnetic turbines is tapped to the common output shaft of the assembly.

In a preferred embodiment, the magnetic turbine assembly comprises a box fitted with a plurality of magnetic turbines, each of which consists of one rotor and two stators as in the previous case, but the magnetic turbines in this preferred embodiment are arranged in parallel in the box. Also in this preferred embodiment, the resulting torque of the assembly is tapped to the common output shaft of the assembly.

The main advantage of the solution of the design of the magnetic turbine and the magnetic turbine assembly is the maximum utilization of the magnetic forces of the magnets to set the rotor of the turbine in motion, where these magnets form the main driving force of both the rotor and the stator. Unlike in standard designs, here the electromagnets are used only to overcome the magnetic forces between the end of one and the beginning of the other magnetic row. The resulting effect is a lower consumption of electric power needed for the operation of the magnetic turbine and/or the magnetic turbine assembly compared to that in the well- known solutions.

Brief Description of Figures

The invention will be explained in detail by figures where the following is illustrated:

Fig. 1 The front view of the magnetic turbine stator in the embodiment with a pair of hold-down magnets and a pair of electromagnets; Fig. 2 The front view of the magnetic turbine rotor in the embodiment with the rotor fitted with magnets on both sides, here with a pair of magnetic rows for each side of the rotor and with a pair of external magnets;

Fig. 3 The exploded side view of the magnetic turbine in the embodiment with two one-sided stators and a double-sided rotor;

Fig. 4 The front view of the magnetic turbine stator in the embodiment with four hold-down magnets and a pair of electromagnets;

Fig. 5 The front view of the magnetic turbine rotor in the embodiment with the rotor fitted with magnets on both sides, here with four magnetic rows for each side of the rotor and with four external magnets;

Fig. 6 The side view of the magnetic turbine assembly with the magnetic turbines connected in series.

Examples of the Invention Embodiments

The magnetic turbine 1 by its appearance and the basis of design resembles the basic design of the turbines, the essential parts of which are the rotor 2 and the stator 3. The standard design ensures the rotational movement of the rotor 2 by the action of magnetic forces induced by the mutual interaction of magnets and electromagnets. This invention has overcome the standard design by a more extensive application of magnets fitted on the stator 3 as well as the rotor 2, and by only a marginal, although not insignificant effect of the electromagnets.

The magnetic turbine 1 according to this embodiment of the present invention comprises a rotor 2 that is fitted with at least one magnetic row 4 on its side facing the stator 3. This magnetic row 4 is comprised of in-line magnets 8 with the same polarity but with different magnetic forces. These in-line magnets 8 are as per Figure 2 arranged in the magnetic row 4 with increasing magnetic forces in the direction of the rotor 2 rotation. In the same example of the present invention embodiment, the rotor 2 is fitted with at least one external magnet 5, the polarity of which and the polarity of the in-line magnets 8 are identical. This external magnet 5 is arranged outside the magnetic row 4, namely behind the last in-line magnet 8 in the direction of the rotor 2 rotation. According to this example of the present invention embodiment, the stator 3 is fitted, on its side facing the rotor 2, with at least one hold-down magnet 6, the polarity of which is opposite to that of the in-line magnets 8 of the rotor 2. This hold-down magnet 6 is arranged against the in-line magnets 8 of the magnetic row 4. The stator 3 is also equipped with at least one electromagnet 7 arranged against an external magnet 5.

In another example of the present invention embodiment as per Fig. 1 through 6, the rotor 2 and stator 3 are formed by flat sections. The rotor 2 in this example of the present invention embodiment as per Fig. 2, has a flat circular shape, when viewed from the front side, while the stator 3 has a flat quadrangular shape in the front view according to Fig. 1. The stator 3 as well as the rotor 2 are arranged in parallel on the same central axis R of the rotor 2 rotation according to Fig. 3.

In another example of present invention embodiment, the magnetic turbine 1 according to Fig. 3 is comprised of one rotor 2 arranged in parallel on a single axis R of the rotor 2 rotation between a pair of stators 3. In this preferred embodiment, the two stators 3 are equipped with hold-down magnets 6 and electromagnets 7 arranged only on the side 13 of the stator 3 adjacent to the rotor 2. On the other hand, the magnetic rows 4 and external magnets 5 of the rotor are arranged on both sides 12 of the rotor 2. To achieve structural integrity, the stators 3 are fitted with four connecting openings 17, through which both stators 3 are connected using rods and screwed together.

In another example of the present invention embodiment, the rotor 2 is fitted, on each of its sides 12, with a pair of magnetic rows 4 arranged on the opposite sides, see Fig. 2, and a pair of external magnets 5 fitted on the opposite sides. In the example of the present invention embodiment according to Fig. 1, the stator 3 is equipped, on its side 13 adjacent to the rotor 2, with a pair of hold-down magnets 6 arranged on the opposite sides and a pair of electromagnets 7 arranged on the opposite sides. In this example of the present invention embodiment, the in-line magnets 8 made of neodymium, have a circular shape with the diameter of 17 mm and the height of 5 mm and are arranged with their unmarked ends offward the rotor 2. The magnetic rows 4 here comprise in-line magnets 8 arranged in the direction of rotation of the rotor 2 with the gradually increasing forces of 10 N, 20 N, 30 N, 40 N, 50 N, and 60 N on one side 12 of the rotor 2 and with the gradually increasing forces of 50 N, 60 N, 70 N, 80 N, 90 N, and 100 N on the other side 12 of the rotor 2. The magnetic rows 4 are arranged on each side 12 of the rotor 2 symmetrically in semi-circles and have identical spatial arrangement and configuration of forces. The external magnets 5 of the rotor 2 arranged on the opposite sides are again made of neodymium, have a circular shape with the diameter of 19 mm and the height of 6 mm and have, on both sides 12 of the rotor 2, the same magnetic force 160 N and the same polarity as that of the in-line magnets 8.

In the same example of the present invention embodiment, one of the stators 3 is, on its side _13 adjacent to the rotor 2, fitted with a pair of hold-down magnets 6 made of neodymium with the rectangular shape of 25 mm x 10 mm and the height of 5 mm arranged on the opposite sides. The force of these hold-down magnets 6 is 50 N with their marked ends offwards the stator 3. The other stator 3 is, on its side 13 adjacent to the rotor 2, fitted with a pair of hold-down magnets 6 arranged on the opposite sides and with the same size, shape, and polarity as in the case of the one stator 3, but with the force of 70 N. The electromagnets 7 of both stators 3 are also arranged on the opposite sides and in both stators 3 have the same size, dimensions, and force, which is in this case 180 N. The consumption of individual electromagnets 7 is 4 W/h and are powered by the direct- current voltage of 12 V.

Due to this arrangement, in one case, the in-line magnets 8 of the rotor 2 and the hold-down magnets 6 of the stator 3 interact by their magnetic forces, while in the other case, the magnetic forces affect mutual interaction between the external magnets 5 of the rotor 2 and the electromagnets 7 of the stator 3. The effect of magnetic forces is continual and the design of the arrangement of individually positioned magnets 5, 6, 8 and electromagnets 7 ensures as regular as possible rotation of the rotor 2 without any considerable vibrations and variations. The magnets 5, 6, 8 are screwed on the stators 3 and the rotor 2 as are the electromagnets 7 screwed on the stators 3.

In another example of the present invention embodiment, the magnets 5, 6, 8 and the electromagnets 7 are attached to the rotor 2 and the stators 3 also by a different method known to a person skilled in the art, such as gluing, encapsulation, etc.

In another example of the present invention embodiment according to Fig. 4 and 5, the rotor 2 has on its each side 12 four magnetic rows 4 arranged evenly at an angle of 90° and four external magnets 5 arranged evenly at an angle of 90°. The magnetic rows 4 on one of the sides 12 of the rotor 2 form in-line magnets 8 made of neodymium, with the gradually increasing forces of 30 N, 40 N, 50 N, and 60 N arranged in the direction of the rotor 2 rotation. The in-line magnets 8 with the force of 30 N have a circular shape with the diameter of 15 mm and with the height of 3 mm; the in-line magnets 8 with the force of 40 N are of a circular shape with the diameter of 14 mm and with the height of 5 mm, and the in-line magnets 8 with the force of 50 N ad 60 N have the rectangular shape of 20 mm x 10 mm with the height of 5 mm. The magnetic rows 4 on the other of the sides 12 of the rotor 2 form in line magnets 8 made of neodymium, with the gradually increasing forces of 50 N, 60 N, and 70N arranged in the direction of the rotor 2 rotation. The in-line magnets 8 with the forces of 50 N and 60 N are of the rectangular shape of 20 mm x 10 mm with the height of 5 mm and the in-line magnets 8 with the force of 70 N are of the rectangular shape of 25 mm x 10 mm with the height of 5 mm. The external magnets 5 of the rotor 2 are the same as the external magnets 5 in the previous example of the present invention embodiment, but here the rotor 2 is fitted with four external magnets 5 and not with only two of them.

In this very example of the present invention embodiment, the stator 3 has, on its side 13 adjacent to the rotor 2, four hold-down magnets 6 arranged evenly at an angle of 90° and two electromagnets 7 arranged on the opposite sides. While the parameters of the electromagnets 7 remain the same as those used in the previous example of the present invention embodiment, the hold-down magnets 6 are in the case of the one stator 3 with the force of 50 N, of the rectangular shape of 20 mm x 10 mm with the height of 5 mm.

In another example of the resent invention embodiment, individual external magnets 5 of the same size, shape and pitch between the neighbouring external magnets 5 attain the same values of magnetic force. The situation of the hold-down magnets 6 and electromagnets 7 fitted on one side _13 of the stator 3 is similar.

In another example of the present invention embodiment according to Fig. 3, the rotor 2 is fitted with a fixed load-bearing shaft 9 and the stators 3 are fitted with fixed centring housings 10 with bearings _P comprising the free ends of the load-bearing shaft 9 of the rotor 2. This mounting defines distances between the stators 3 and the rotor 2, but maintains full rotation of the rotor 2. The integrity and strength of the connection between the rotor 2 and the stators 3 is provided by the connecting rods 18 with screws.

As far as materials are concerned, the stators 3 as well as the rotor 2 are made of magnetically resistant materials, such as carbon fibres, glass fibres, composite plastic, plastic, aluminium alloys, titanium alloys, or titanium. Similar materials are used for the construction of the centring housing 10.

Connection of a plurality of magnetic turbines 1 forms an assembly 14 of the magnetic turbines 1. According to one example of the present invention embodiment, the assembly 14 consists of a box 16 fitted with a plurality of magnetic turbines 1, each of which comprises one rotor 2 and two stators 3. In this example of the present invention embodiment, the magnetic turbines 1 are arranged as per Fig. 6 in the box 16 in series with the same axis of rotation R of the rotors 2. The resulting torque of individual magnetic turbines 1 is tapped to the common output shaft 15 of the assembly 14.

In another not illustrated example of the present invention embodiment, the assembly of the magnetic turbine 1 comprises a box 16 also fitted with a plurality of magnetic turbines 1, each of which consists of one rotor 2 and two stators 3, but in this example of the present invention embodiment the magnetic turbines 1 are arranged in the box 16 in parallel. Even in this example of the present invention embodiment, the resulting torque of the assembly 14 is tapped to the common output shaft 15.

In another not illustrated example of the present invention embodiment, the assembly 14 may comprise magnetic turbines 1 arranged in the box 16 either in parallel or in series.

Industrial Applicability

The invention can be used as a drive for machines and equipment in various industrial and scientific fields. The design according to the present invention reduces the consumption of electric power for the generation of torque by utilizing the magnetic forces of permanent magnets to a significantly greater extent. The intensity of the electromagnets is required in particular to overcome the peak forces acting between the end of one magnetic row and the beginning of the other magnetic row.

Overview of the Positions used in the Drawings

1 magnetic turbine

2 rotor of the magnetic turbine

3 stator of the magnetic turbine

4 magnetic row of the rotor

5 external magnet of the rotor

6 hold-down magnet of the stator

7 electromagnet of the stator

8 in-line magnet

9 load-bearing shaft

10 centring housing

11 bearing

12 side of the rotor

13 side of the stator

14 magnetic turbine assembly

15 output shaft

16 box of the assembly

17 connecting opening

18 connecting rod

19 connecting screw

R axis of rotation of the rotor

Claims

1 CLAIMS

1. The magnetic turbine (1), comprising at least one rotor (2) with the axis of rotation (R) of the rotor (2) and the assigned stator (3), where the rotor (2) and the stator (3) are fitted with magnetic elements, where the magnetic elements are adapted to mutual magnetic interaction to set the rotor (2) in motion, characterized in that the rotor (2) is, on its side facing the stator (3), equipped with at least one magnetic row (4) formed by in-line magnets (8) of the same polarity but with different magnetic forces, arranged with gradually increasing forces in the direction of rotation of the rotor (2), and the rotor (2) is fitted with at least one external magnet (5) with the same polarity as that of the in-line magnets (8), arranged outside the magnetic row (4) behind the last in-line magnet (8) in the direction of rotation of the rotor (2), and that the stator (3) is, on its side facing the rotor (2), fitted with at least one hold-down magnet (6) of the opposite polarity compared to that of the in-line magnets (8) of the rotor (2), arranged against the magnetic row (4) and with at least one electromagnet (7) arranged against the external magnet (5).

2. The magnetic turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor (2) and the stator (3) are comprised of flat sections where the rotor (2) has, if viewed from the front side, a flat and circular shape and the stator (3), if viewed from the front side, has a flat quadrangular shape, and the stator (3) and the rotor (2) are arranged in parallel on one central axis of rotation (R) of the rotor (2).

3. The magnetic turbine according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises one rotor (2) arranged in parallel on one axis of rotation (R) of the rotor (2) between a pair of stators (3), where the two stators (3) are fitted with hold-down magnets (6) and electromagnets (7) arranged only on the side (13) of the stator (3) adjacent to the rotor (2), and the magnetic rows (4) and external magnets (5) of the rotor (2) are arranged on both sides (12) of the rotor (2). 2

4. The magnetic turbine according to some of claims 1 through 3, characterized in that the rotor (2) has, on each of its sides (12), two magnetic rows (4) arranged on the opposite sides and a pair of external magnets (5) arranged on the opposite sides, and that the stator (3) has, on its side (13) adjacent to the rotor (2), a pair of hold-down magnets (6) arranged on the opposite sides and a pair of electromagnets (7) arranged on the opposite sides.

5. The magnetic turbine according to some of claims 1 through 3, characterized in that the rotor (2) has on each of its sides (12) four magnetic rows (4) arranged evenly at an angle of 90° and four external magnets (5) arranged evenly at an angle of 90°, and that the stator (3) has, on its side (13) adjacent to the rotor (2), four hold-down magnets (6) arranged evenly at an angle of 90° and two electromagnets (7) arranged on the opposite sides.

6. The magnetic turbine according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that all magnetic rows (4) have the same spatial arrangement and configuration of forces.

7. The magnetic turbine according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that individual external magnets (5), hold-down magnets (6), and electromagnets (7) of the magnetic turbine (1) attain for specific types of magnets (5, 6) as well as electromagnets (7) the same values of magnetic force with the same size, shape, and pitch between the neighbouring magnets (5, 6) as well as electromagnets (7).

8. The magnetic turbine according to some of claims 3 through 7, characterized in that the rotor (2) is fitted with a fixed, load-bearing shaft (9) and the stators (3) are fitted with fixed centring housings (10) with bearings (11) in which the free ends of the load-bearing shaft (9) of the rotor (2) are inserted. 3

9. The assembly (14) of the magnetic turbines (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that it consists of the box (16) fitted with a plurality of magnetic turbines (1), of which each comprises one rotor (2) and two stators (3), where the magnetic turbines (1) are arranged in the box (16) in series with the same axis of rotation (R) of the rotors (2), and the load-bearing shafts (9) of individual magnetic turbines (1) are connected to the common output shaft (15) of the assembly (14) of the magnetic turbines (1).

10. The assembly (14) of the magnetic turbines (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that it consists of the box (16) fitted with a plurality of magnetic turbines (1), of which each comprises one rotor (2) and two stators (3), where the magnetic turbines (1) are arranged in the box (16) in parallel, and the load-bearing shafts (9) of individual magnetic turbines (1) are connected to the common output shaft (15) of the assembly (14) of the magnetic turbines (1).