CZ308739B6 - Magnetic turbine and assembly of magnetic turbines - Google Patents

Abstract

The magnetic turbine (1) comprises a rotor (2) and an associated stator (3). The rotor (2) has on its side facing the stator (3) at least one magnetic row (4) of magnets (8) of the same polarity but different magnetic forces, arranged in a force-increasing way one after the other in the direction of the rotor’s rotation (2). The rotor (2) also has at least one external magnet (5) of identical polarity with the row magnets (8), outside the magnetic row (4) behind the last row magnet (8) in the direction the rotor’s rotation of the (2). The stator (3) has on its side facing the rotor (2) at least one pressure magnet (6) of opposite polarity to the polarity of the row magnets (8) of the rotor (2), arranged against the magnetic row (4) and at least one electromagnet (7) arranged against the external magnet (5). The magnetic forces of the magnetic series (4) are used to create the rotary motion. The electromagnets are only used to overcome the backlash between the end of the magnetic row (4) and its beginning, which significantly reduces the consumption of electric energy.

Description

Magnetic turbine and assembly of magnetic turbines

Field of technology

The present invention relates to a magnetic turbine and a magnetic turbine assembly as a torque generating drive unit under the action of magnetic forces of permanent magnets and electromagnets.

Prior art

In common technical practice, a number of physical and chemical processes are used for the production of electricity based on the conversion of one type of energy into electrical energy, which is easier to store and transfer than other types of energy. It is known to convert the mechanical or kinetic energy of water, wind, tide, etc., when the movement of these elements sets in motion an electric turbine, which partially absorbs this kinetic energy and converts it into electrical energy by means of electromagnetic induction. Similarly, energy, solar, heat, etc. can be converted into electricity.

The basic devices for the conversion of kinetic, kinetic, energy into electrical energy are dynamos and alternators. While dynamos produce direct current, alternators use alternators. Alternators are the basis of most electric generators. The alternator consists of a stator and a rotor, where the stator forms a system of coils and the rotor is an electromagnet. A three-phase alternator is used to generate electricity, in which the coils form an angle of 120 ° with each other and a magnet is placed in the middle. In the coils, the rotation of the rotor induces an alternating voltage, which is mutually shifted by a third of a turn.

EP 2299112 discloses an electric power generator using kinetic energy to rotate a rotor, as in a conventional alternator. The difference of this technical solution compared to the classic design of the alternator is the use of permanent magnets around the circumference of the rotor instead of electromagnets. Here, too, the rotation and the resulting movement of the magnetic field causes electromagnetic induction in a pair of stators with coils and the production of electrical energy. A similar principle of interaction of rotating permanent magnets is known from WO 2011147935, where the rotor is circumferential and the stator is central, or from EP 2290792, where the conventional central rotor and the circumferential stator housing are.

EP 2226815 discloses a variable magnetic field generator. The essence of the device is a pair of counter-rotating rings, each of which is formed by a set of permanent magnets with different directions of polarity. Both rings are separated by a cavity and at the same time create an internal cavity with just a variable magnetic field.

EP 3125257 discloses a dipole ring magnetic field generator which is capable of generating a substantially unidirectional magnetic field in the interior of a ring without the use of pieces of permanent magnets having fan-shaped or trapezoidal sections. As a result, a smaller bevel angle of the permanent magnets is achieved. The sections of the permanent magnet pieces are shaped as rectangular and the plurality of rectangular pieces of permanent magnets are circularly placed in predetermined positions. The disadvantage of this solution is the complexity of the calculations for the correct positioning of the section magnets and the calculation of their strength.

The object of the invention is to use the maximum interaction of the permanent magnets to create a rotating magnetic field actuating the rotor and thus to reduce the energy intensity of the supply of electrical energy to drive the turbine.

- 1 CZ 308739 B6

The essence of the invention

The present invention overcomes magnetic turbines with the disadvantages of the known solutions for the construction of turbines comprising at least one rotor and a stator associated therewith, in which the rotor and the stator are provided with magnetic elements adapted to interact with each other to rotate the rotor. The magnetic turbine according to the invention comprises a rotor which is provided on its side facing the stator with at least one magnetic row. This magnetic series is formed by row magnets of the same polarity but different values of magnetic force. These row magnets in the magnetic row are arranged one behind the other in the direction of rotation of the rotor so that the value of the magnetic force of each successive row magnet in one magnetic row is higher than the value of the magnetic force of the preceding row magnet. Furthermore, the rotor is provided with at least one external magnet of identical polarity with the row magnets, which is arranged outside the magnetic row, behind the last row magnet in the direction of rotation of the rotor. According to the invention, the stator is provided on its side facing the rotor with at least one pressure magnet of opposite polarity than the polarity of the row magnets of the rotor. The pressure magnet is arranged against the row magnets of the magnetic row. The stator is further provided with at least one electromagnet arranged against the external magnet. The term magnet in this document means a permanent magnet, ie a magnet generating a magnetic field without the need to supply external electrical energy. Conversely, the term electromagnet means a device for generating a temporary magnetic field by passing electrical energy through a coil with a metal core, which generates a magnetic field.

In a preferred embodiment, the rotor and the stator are formed by flat profiles. In this preferred embodiment, the rotor has a flat circular shape when viewed from the front, while the stator has a flat quadrangular shape when viewed from the front. The stator and rotor are arranged parallel to each other on one central axis of rotation of the rotor.

In another preferred embodiment, the magnetic turbine is formed by one rotor arranged in parallel on one axis of rotation of the rotor between a pair of stators. In this preferred embodiment, both stators have pressure magnets and electromagnets arranged only on the side of the stator adjacent to the rotor. The magnetic rows and the external magnets of the rotor, on the other hand, are arranged on both sides of the rotor.

In another preferred embodiment, the rotor has on each of its lateral sides two oppositely arranged magnetic rows and a pair of oppositely mounted external magnets. In this preferred embodiment, the stator has on its side adjacent to the rotor a pair of oppositely arranged pressure magnets and a pair of oppositely arranged electromagnets.

In the following preferred embodiment, the rotor has on each side thereof four magnetic rows arranged uniformly at 90 ° and four external magnets arranged uniformly at 90 °. In this preferred embodiment, the stator has on its side adjacent to the rotor four pressure magnets arranged uniformly at 90 ° and two oppositely arranged electromagnets.

In a preferred embodiment, all magnetic rows have the same spatial arrangement and force configuration. By their arrangement, in one case the in-line magnets of the rotor and the pressure magnets of the stator act on each other by magnetic forces, and in the other case the external magnets of the rotor and the electromagnets of the stator act on each other by magnetic forces. The action of magnetic forces is continuous and the structural arrangement of the distribution of individual magnets and electromagnets ensures the most regular rotation of the rotor without significant oscillations and deviations.

In another preferred embodiment, the individual external magnets achieve the same values of magnetic force, the same size, shape and spacing between adjacent magnets. The same is true for pressure magnets and electromagnets.

-2 CZ 308739 B6

In another preferred embodiment, the rotor is provided with a fixed support shaft and the stators are provided with fixed centering bushings with bearings in which the free ends of the rotor support shaft are inserted, thus firmly defining distances between stators and rotor but maintaining full rotor rotation.

The connection of several magnetic turbines into one unit forms an assembly of magnetic turbines. This assembly consists of a housing equipped with several magnetic turbines, each of which consists of one rotor and two stators. In this embodiment, the magnetic turbines in the housing are arranged in series with the same axis of rotation of the rotors. The resulting torque of the individual magnetic turbines is output to a common output shaft of the assembly.

In a preferred embodiment, the magnetic turbine assembly consists of a housing fitted with several magnetic turbines, each of which is formed by one rotor and two stators as in the previous case, but in this preferred embodiment the magnetic turbines are arranged side by side in the housing. Even in this preferred embodiment, the resulting torque of the assembly is output to a common output shaft of the assembly.

The main advantage of the magnetic turbine design and magnetic turbine assembly is the maximum use of the magnetic forces of the magnets to create the rotational motion of the turbine rotor, where these magnets form the main driving force of both the rotor and the stator. Compared to conventional design solutions, electromagnets here only serve to overcome the magnetic forces between the end of one and the beginning of the other magnetic series. The resulting effect is lower electricity consumption to drive the magnetic turbine, respectively. magnetic turbine assemblies than in known solutions.

Explanation of drawings

The invention will be further elucidated with the aid of the drawings, which show:

Giant. 1 is a front view of a stator of a magnetic turbine in an embodiment with a pair of pressure magnets and a pair of electromagnets;

Giant. 2 is a front view of a rotor of a magnetic turbine in the form of a rotor equipped with magnets on both sides, here with a pair of magnetic rows for each side of the rotor and with a pair of external magnets;

Giant. 3 is a disassembled side view of a magnetic turbine in the form of two single-sided stators and a double-sided rotor;

Giant. 4 is a front view of the stator of a magnetic turbine in an embodiment with four pressure magnets and a pair of electromagnets;

Giant. 5 is a front view of a rotor of a magnetic turbine in the form of a rotor fitted with magnets on both sides, here with four magnetic rows for each side of the rotor and with four external magnets;

Giant. 6 is a cross-sectional side view of a magnetic turbine assembly with the magnetic turbines connected in series.

Examples of embodiments of the invention

The magnetic turbine 1 with its appearance and the basis of the construction is based on the basic constructions of turbines, the basic parts of which are the rotor 2 and the stator 3. In the classical construction the rotational movement of the rotor 2 is achieved by magnetic forces caused by magnets in mutual interaction

-3 CZ 308739 B6 with electromagnets. The present invention overcomes this classical construction by the wider application of the magnets with which the stator 3 and the rotor 2 are fitted and only by the marginal, though not insignificant, effect of the electromagnets.

The magnetic turbine 1 according to this exemplary embodiment of the invention comprises a rotor 2 which is provided on its side facing the stator 3 with at least one magnetic row 4. This magnetic row 4 is formed by row magnets 8 of the same polarity but different values of magnetic force. According to FIG. 2, these row magnets 8 are arranged in series in the direction of rotation of the rotor 2 in the magnetic row 4 so that the value of the magnetic force of each successive row magnet 8 in one magnetic row 4 is higher than the value of the magnetic force of its previous row magnet 8. In the same embodiment of the invention, the rotor 2 is provided with at least one external magnet 5 having the same polarity as the row magnets 8. This external magnet 5 is arranged outside the magnetic row 4, behind the last row magnet 8 in the direction of rotation of the rotor 2. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the stator 3 is provided on its side facing the rotor 2 with at least one pressure magnet 6 of opposite polarity to the polarity of the row magnets 8 of the rotor 2. This pressure magnet 6 is arranged against the row magnets 8 of the magnetic row 4. The stator 3 is further provided at least one electromagnet 7 arranged against the external magnet 5.

In another exemplary embodiment of the invention according to FIGS. 1 to 6, the rotor 2 and the stator 3 are formed by flat profiles. In this exemplary embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 2, the rotor 2 has a flat circular shape in front view, while the stator 3 has a flat quadrangular shape in front view according to FIG. According to FIG. 3, the stator 3 and the rotor 2 are arranged parallel to one another on one central axis R of rotation of the rotor 2.

In another exemplary embodiment of the invention, according to FIG. 3, the magnetic turbine 1 is formed by one rotor 2 arranged parallel to one axis R of rotation of the rotor 2 between a pair of stators 3. In this preferred embodiment, both stators 3 have pressure magnets 6 and electromagnets 7 arranged only on the side 13 of the stator 3 adjacent to the rotor 2. The magnetic rows 4 and the external magnets 5 of the rotor are, on the other hand, arranged on both sides 12 of the rotor 2. For mutual structural integration, the stators 3 are provided with four connecting holes 17 through which the two stators 3 are rods and bolts are screwed.

In another embodiment of the invention, the rotor 2 has on each of its side 12 two oppositely arranged magnetic rows 4, see Fig. 2 and a pair of oppositely mounted external magnets 5. In the embodiment of the invention, according to Fig. 1 on its side 13 adjacent to the rotor 2 a pair of oppositely arranged pressure magnets 6 and a pair of oppositely arranged electromagnets 7.

In this exemplary embodiment of the invention, the row magnets 8 are made of neodymium, have a circular shape with a diameter of 17 mm and a height of 5 mm and are arranged with south polarity away from the rotor 2. The magnetic rows 4 here are formed by row magnets 8 arranged in the direction of rotation of the rotor 2 by successive force 10N, 20N, 30N, 40N, 50N and 60N on one side 12 of rotor 2 and successive forces of 50N, 60N, 70N, 80N, 90N and 100N on the other side 12 of rotor 2. Magnetic rows 4 are on a specific side 12 rotor 2 are placed symmetrically in a semicircle and have the same spatial arrangement and force configuration. The external opposing magnets 5 of the rotor 2 are again made of neodymium, have a round shape with a diameter of 19 mm and a height of 6 mm and have on both sides 12 of the rotor 2 the same magnetic force 160N and the same polarity with the row magnets 8.

In the same embodiment of the invention, one of the stators 3 is fitted on its side side 13 adjacent to the rotor 2 with a pair of oppositely mounted pressure magnets 6 of neodymium of rectangular shape 25 mm x 10 mm and height 5 mm. The force of these pressure magnets 6 is 50N with a north polarity away from the stator 3. The second stator 3 is fitted on its side 13 adjacent to the rotor 2 with a pair of oppositely mounted pressure magnets 6 of the same size, shape and polarity as the first stator 3 but with a force 70N. The electromagnets 7 of both stators 3 are also arranged opposite each other and are at both

-4 CZ 308739 B6 stators 3 of the same size, dimensions and force, which here is 180N. The individual electromagnets 7 have a consumption of 4 W / h and are supplied with a 12V DC voltage.

By its arrangement, in one case the in-line magnets 8 of the rotor 2 and the pressure magnets 6 of the stator 3 act on each other by magnetic forces, and in the other case the external magnets 5 of the rotor 2 and the electromagnets 7 of the stator 3 act on each other by magnetic forces. the arrangement of the individual magnets 5, 6, 8 and the electromagnets 7 ensures a maximally regular rotation of the rotor 2 without significant oscillations and deviations. The magnets 5, 6, 8 are screwed to the stators 3 and the rotor 2, just as the electromagnets 7 are screwed to the stators 3.

In another exemplary embodiment of the invention, the magnets 5, 6, 8 and the electromagnets 7 can be fastened to the rotor 2 and the stators 3 in another manner well known to the person skilled in the art, such as gluing an encapsulation and the like.

In another exemplary embodiment of the invention according to FIGS. 4 and 5, the rotor 2 has on each of its side 12 four magnetic rows 4 arranged uniformly at 90 ° and four external magnets 5 arranged uniformly at 90 °. The magnetic rows 4 from one side 12 of the rotor 2 form in-line magnets 8 of Neodymium with successive forces 3 ON, 40N, 5 ON and 60N arranged in ascending force in the direction of rotation of the rotor 2. In-line magnets 8 with a force of 3ON are circular diameter 15 mm 3 mm, in-line magnets 8 with a thickness of 40N are a circular diameter of 14 mm with a height of 5 mm, in-line magnets 8 with a thickness of 5ON and 60N are rectangular 20 mm x 10 mm with a height of 5 mm. The magnetic rows 4 on the other side 12 of the rotor 2 form in-line magnets 8 of Neodymium with successive forces of 50N, 60N and 70N arranged in ascending force in the direction of rotation of the rotor 2. In-line magnets 8 of 5ON and 60N are rectangular 20 mm x 10 mm 5 mm and in-line magnets 8 with a thickness of 70N are rectangular 25 mm x 10 mm with a height of 5 mm. The external magnets 5 of the rotor 2 are identical to the external magnets 5 of the previous embodiment of the invention, only here the rotor 2 is equipped with four of these external magnets 5 and not with a pair.

In this same embodiment of the invention, the stator 3 has on its side 13 adjacent to the rotor 2 four pressure magnets 6 arranged evenly at 90 ° and two oppositely arranged electromagnets 7. While the parameters of the electromagnets 7 remain the same as the previous embodiment of the invention, the pressure magnets 6 are for one of the stators 3 force 50N, rectangular shape 20 mm x 10 mm with a height of 5 mm

In another embodiment of the invention, the individual external magnets 5 achieve the same values of magnetic force, same size, shape and spacing between adjacent external magnets 5. The same is true for pressure magnets 6 and electromagnets 7 mounted on one side 13 of the stator 3.

In another exemplary embodiment of the invention, according to FIG. 3, the rotor 2 is provided with a fixed support shaft 9 and the stators 3 are provided with fixed centering bushes 10 with bearings 11 in which the free ends of the support shaft 9 of the rotor 2 are inserted. 3 and the rotor 2, but maintains the full rotation of the rotor 2. The integrity and strength of the connection of the rotor 2 and the stators 3 is ensured by connecting rods 18 with screws.

In terms of material, the stators 3 and the rotor 2 are made of a magnetically resistant material, such as carbon fiber, glass fiber, composite plastic, plastic, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys or titanium. Similar materials are used for the construction of the centering sleeve 10.

The connection of several magnetic turbines 1 forms an assembly 14 of magnetic turbines E. According to one embodiment of the invention, this assembly 14 consists of a housing 16 equipped with several magnetic turbines, each consisting of one rotor 2 and two stators 3. In this embodiment of the invention the magnetic turbines 1 are in the housing 16 arranged according to FIG. 6 one after the other with the same axis R of rotation of the rotors 2. The resulting torque of the individual magnetic turbines 1 is fed to a common output shaft 15 of the assembly 14.

- 5 CZ 308739 B6

In another non-illustrated embodiment of the invention, the magnetic turbine assembly 1 is composed of a housing 16 also equipped with a plurality of magnetic turbines 1, each formed by one rotor 2 and two stators 3, but in this embodiment the magnetic turbines 1 are arranged in the housing 16 next to it. myself. Also in this exemplary embodiment of the invention, the resulting torque of the assembly 54 is output to a common output shaft 15.

In another non-illustrated embodiment of the invention, the assembly 14 can be formed by magnetic turbines 1 arranged in the housing 16 next to each other and one behind the other.

Industrial applicability

The invention can be used to drive machines and equipment in a wide variety of industrial and scientific sectors of human activity. The design of the invention reduces the consumption of electrical energy to generate the rotor torque and makes significantly more use of the magnetic forces of the permanent magnets. The power of electromagnets is needed primarily to overcome force peaks between the end of one magnetic series and the beginning of the next.

Claims (5)

A magnetic turbine (1), comprising at least one rotor (2) with an axis (R) of rotation of the rotor (2) and associated at least one stator (3), the rotor (2) and the stator (3) being provided with magnetic elements, wherein the magnetic elements are adapted for magnetic interaction with each other to rotate the rotor (2), characterized in that the rotor (2) is provided on its side facing the stator (3) with at least one magnetic row (4) formed by row magnets (8) of the same polarities, but different values of the magnetic force, the row magnets (8) in the magnetic row (4) being arranged one behind the other in the direction of rotation of the rotor (2) so that the value of the magnetic force of each successive row magnet (8) in one magnetic row (4) ) is higher than the value of the magnetic force of its previous row magnet (8), and further the rotor (2) is provided with at least one external magnet (5) of identical polarity with row magnets (8) arranged outside the magnetic row (4) behind the last row magnet (8) in the direction of rotation of the rotor (2), and that stat or (3) is provided on its side facing the rotor (2) with at least one pressure magnet (6) of opposite polarity than the polarity of the row magnets (8) of the rotor (2) arranged against the magnetic row (4) and at least one electromagnet ( 7) arranged against an external magnet (5). Magnetic turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor (2) and the stator (3) are formed by flat profiles, the rotor (2) having a flat circular shape in front view and the stator (3) having a flat quadrangular front view shape, wherein the stator (3) and the rotor (2) are arranged parallel to each other on one central axis (R) of rotation of the rotor (2). Magnetic turbine according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it is formed by one rotor (2) arranged in parallel on one axis (R) of rotation of the rotor (2) between a pair of stators (3), both stators (3) having pressure magnets (6) and electromagnets (7) arranged only on the side (13) of the stator (3) adjacent to the rotor (2), and magnetic rows (4) and external magnets (5) of the rotor (2) are arranged on both sides (12) rotor (2). Magnetic turbine according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rotor (2) has on each of its side sides (12) two oppositely arranged magnetic rows (4) and a pair of oppositely mounted external magnets (5), and that the stator (3) has on its side (13) adjacent to the rotor (2) a pair of oppositely arranged pressure magnets (6) and a pair of oppositely arranged electromagnets (7). Magnetic turbine according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rotor (2) has on each of its side sides (12) four magnetic rows (4) arranged uniformly at 90 ° and four external magnets (5) arranged uniformly. at 90 °, and that the stator (3) has on its side (13) adjacent to the rotor (2) four pressure magnets (6) arranged uniformly at 90 ° and two oppositely arranged electromagnets (7). Magnetic turbine according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that all magnetic rows (4) have the same spatial arrangement and force configuration. Magnetic turbine according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the individual external magnets (5), the pressure magnets (6) and the electromagnets (7) of the magnetic turbine (1) reach for both specific types of magnets (5, 6) and electromagnets ( 7) the same values of magnetic force, same size, shape and spacing between adjacent magnets (5, 6) and electromagnets (7). Magnetic turbine according to one of Claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the rotor (2) is provided with a fixed shaft (9) and the stators (3) are provided with fixed centering bushes (10) with bearings (11) in in which the free ends of the supporting shaft (9) of the rotor (2) are inserted. Magnetic turbine assembly (14) according to claim 8, characterized in that it consists of a housing (16) fitted with a plurality of magnetic turbines (1), each of which is formed by one rotor (2) and two -7 CZ 308739 B6 stators (3), where the magnetic turbines (1) are arranged in a row in the housing (16) with the same axis (R) of rotation of the rotors (2), while the supporting shafts (9) of the individual magnetic turbines (1) are coupled to a common output shaft (15) of the magnetic turbine assembly (14) (1). Magnetic turbine assembly (14) according to claim 8, characterized in that it consists of a housing (16) fitted with a plurality of magnetic turbines (1), each of which is formed by one rotor (2) and two stators (3). , wherein the magnetic turbines (1) are arranged side by side in the housing (16), the support shafts (9) of the individual magnetic turbines (1) being coupled to a common output shaft (15) of the magnetic turbine assembly (14).