Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
  • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
  • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
  • E06B3/54—Fixing of glass panes or like plates
  • E06B3/5454—Fixing of glass panes or like plates inside U-shaped section members
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
  • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
  • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
  • H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems

Definitions

• the invention relates to glazing with a metallic frame and a glazing unit inserted into the frame, preferably an insulating glazing unit, the frame engaging around the edges of the glazing unit and at the same time covering at least one RFID transponder.
• the RFID transponder can be used as an identification element.
• the glazing is intended in particular to form facade glazing, a window, a door or an interior partition with a corresponding structure.
• RFID transponders are used in a variety of ways to identify objects, for example solid or composite solid material panels, as is known, for example, from EP 2 230 626 A1.
• IGU insulating glazing units
• Such insulating glazing units represent mass-produced, dispatched and also independently traded products, which should be clearly identifiable on their way to the end product and, if necessary, also during its maintenance and repair.
• the identifying marking should be invisible from both the inside and outside of the finished window, door or facade.
• the marking should be "legible” from a distance of at least 30 cm.
• the marking should be forgery-proof as far as possible, i.e. it should not be easily overwritten or copied.
• Known insulating glazing units provided with RFID transponders are therefore not easily used in metallic frame constructions. This reduces the potential area of application of the glazing units marked in this way and thus the acceptance of the corresponding marking solutions by manufacturers and users.
• the invention is therefore based on the object of providing improved glazing with a glazing unit and with a frame structure, the frame structure at least to a considerable extent being made of a metal, and which ensures that the above-mentioned requirements are met even in such installation situations.
• this object is achieved by glazing with the features of claim 1.
• Appropriate further developments of the inventive concept are the subject of the respective dependent claims.
• the invention comprises glazing, in particular facade glazing, a window, a door or an interior partition, comprising: a frame made of a metallic first frame element, a metallic second frame element and a polymeric third frame element connecting the frame elements at least in sections and preferably completely circumferentially, and a Glazing unit arranged in the frame, in particular an insulating glazing unit, at least one RFID transponder with a dipole antenna or with a slot antenna and an operating frequency f and a corresponding vacuum wavelength lambda, the frame encompassing the end faces of the glazing unit and at the same time the RFID transponder (s) in Direction of view covered by the glazing unit, and a distance D between a center of the dipole antenna or a center of the slot antenna and a nearest corner of the glazing unit of 40% to 100% of the vacuum waves length lambda.
• the distance D is from 60% to 100% of the vacuum wavelength lambda and in particular from 70% to 90% of the vacuum wavelength lambda.
• the glazing ie in particular the frame and the glazing unit, are polygonal (ie with three or more corners) and in particular rectangular or square.
• the glazing unit has two large main surfaces (front and rear) which are connected via narrow, circumferential end surfaces.
• the corners of the glazing unit are formed by the meeting of two end faces that form an angle. The same applies to the frame comprising the glazing unit.
• the frame encompasses, preferably in a U-shape, the end face of the glazing unit and at the same time covers the RFID transponder or transponders in the viewing direction through the glass panes.
• the legs of the first and second frame elements are designed in such a way that, in the case of insulating glazing, they at least completely cover the outer area and the spacer frame in the viewing direction through the glazing unit.
• the frame frames all end faces of a glazing unit, i.e. the frame is arranged completely around the glazing unit and, in particular, is self-contained.
• the frame is designed directly around one glazing unit in each case.
• the distance A between the end faces of the glazing unit and the inside end faces of the frame is from 0 mm to 50 mm, preferably 0.5 mm to 50 mm, particularly preferably from 1 mm to 20 mm and in particular from 3 mm to 8 mm.
• the inside end face of the frame is the area inside the frame which is directly opposite the end face of the glazing unit.
• the invention includes the idea of taking into account the fundamentally unfavorable radiation and irradiation conditions for radio waves in a metallic frame of glazing by means of a special coupling-out and coupling-in of the RFID signal. Unexpectedly, particularly good results were achieved when the RFID transponder or transponders were arranged in the vicinity of the corners of the glazing unit and thus in the installed state in the frame in the vicinity of the corners of the frame.
• Distances D between the center of the dipole antenna were particularly advantageous (in the case of RFID transponders with dipole antennas) Antenna or (in the case of RFID transponders with slot antennas) between the center of the slot antenna and the next adjacent corner of the glazing unit in the range from 40% to 100% of the vacuum wavelength lambda, particularly preferably in the range from 60% to 100% of the vacuum wavelength lambda and in particular in the range from 70% to 90% of the vacuum wavelength lambda.
• the next adjacent corner here means the closest corner, i.e. the corner with the shortest distance to the center of the dipole antenna or to the center of the slot antenna of the RFID transponder.
• the optimal distance range depends on the vacuum wavelength lambda of the operating frequency f of the RFID transponder. If the operating frequency f of the RFID transponder is, for example, in the UHF range, for example
• the invention arose as a result of extensive experimental investigations carried out on glazings with the above-mentioned basic structure.
• the glazing unit according to the invention consists of or advantageously comprises a single pane, a composite pane or a fire protection glazing unit, in particular with at least one intumescent layer.
• the glazing unit according to the invention consists or contains at least one and preferably exactly one insulating glazing unit, which comprises: at least one spacer which is circumferentially shaped to form a spacer frame and delimits an interior area, a first glass pane that is on a pane contact surface of the spacer frame and a second glass pane that is on one Second pane contact surface of the spacer frame is arranged, and the glass panes protrude beyond the spacer frame and form an outer area which is at least partially, preferably completely, filled with a sealing element.
• At least one RFID transponder is advantageously arranged in the interior of the frame on the frame.
• the RFID transponder is preferably arranged on an inside surface of the frame, particularly preferably on an inside end face of the frame or an inside surface of the first or second frame element, which is arranged parallel to the large surfaces of the glazing unit.
• the RFID transponder is arranged directly on the inside surface of the frame.
• the RFID transponder is connected to the frame either directly or only by an adhesive layer, preferably an adhesive film or a double-sided adhesive tape.
• At least one RFID transponder is arranged on the glazing unit, preferably on an external (main) surface or on one of the end faces of the glazing unit.
• at least one RFID transponder can be arranged in the outer area of the insulating glazing unit, ie in the area between the glass panes protruding beyond the spacer frame, preferably in the sealing element.
• the inventors have carried out investigations in particular on glazing units embedded in metallic frames using the example of insulating glazing units in which the frame consists of two metal and therefore electrically conductive frame elements that are connected via a polymeric and electrically insulating frame element.
• Such frames made of two metallic frame elements connected by a polymer frame element are particularly advantageous since the polymer frame element significantly reduces heat transfer from the first frame element to the second frame element and thus, for example, from an exterior side to an interior side.
• Elastomer profiles, which seal the glazing and fix the glass panes are arranged between the outside of the glass panes and the inside of the adjacent metallic frame elements.
• the RFID transponder is designed as a dipole antenna.
• Such designs can be arranged particularly well in the elongated and strip-shaped outer area along the spacer and between the glass panes, on the end faces of the glass panes or on the outer surfaces of the glass panes within the frame.
• the dipole antenna contains or consists of at least a first antenna pole and a second antenna pole.
• the antenna poles are preferably arranged continuously in a line one behind the other and thus parallel to one another.
• RFID electronics or a connection to RFID electronics are usually arranged in the middle between the antenna poles.
• the radio wavelengths used in such RFID transponder systems are usually in the UHF range of 865-869 MHz (including European frequencies) or 902-928 MHz (US and other frequency bands), depending on the type.
• the released frequencies for UHF RFID transponders differ regionally for Asia, Europe and America and are coordinated by the ITU.
• the dipole antenna is on a dielectric carrier element, particularly preferably one polymeric carrier element arranged.
• the thickness of the carrier element is adapted to the material and in particular to the dielectric constant of the carrier element and to the geometry of the dipole.
• the dipole antennas including electronics per se can be arranged on a dielectric and, for example, polymeric carrier layer, which significantly simplifies assembly and prefabrication.
• the RFID transponder is designed as a slot antenna.
• Slot antennas also have an elongated design.
• the E-field typically runs perpendicular to the direction in which the slot antenna extends. This means that the E-field of the slot antenna runs orthogonally to the E-field of a dipole antenna. The same applies to the H fields.
• an RFID transponder according to the invention with a slot antenna is arranged in a glazing according to the invention in the usual and, for geometric reasons, the only possible orientation (i.e. with the direction of extent parallel to the adjacent frame or spacer), the emitted E-field in the near field area is orthogonal to the direction of extent of Frame or spacer.
• the E-field is only slightly absorbed or attenuated. Therefore, the E-field radiated by the slot antenna can exit the cavity (which is formed by the facade frame and spacer) much more easily and the RFID transponder according to the invention can be read from a greater distance.
• RFID electronics are galvanically connected or electromagnetically coupled to a slot antenna.
• Electromagnetically coupled means in the context of the present invention that two components are coupled by an electromagnetic field, ie are connected both capacitively and inductively and preferably not galvanically. Consequently, electromagnetically coupled here means that the slot antenna and the RFID transponder are coupled by an electromagnetic field, ie are connected both capacitively and inductively and preferably not galvanically.
• Slot antennas are known per se to the person skilled in the art, for example from DE894573.
• the slot antenna according to the invention contains at least one base body made of an electrically conductive material.
• the base body is preferably plate-shaped or film-shaped, particularly preferably with a rectangular base area (length x width).
• the base body has at least one, preferably exactly one, slot-shaped recess, which is hereinafter referred to as “slot” for short.
• the slot-shaped recess is essentially rectangular.
• the slot forms an open passage along the thickness direction (that is to say the smallest dimension of the base body) from the top of the base body to its underside.
• the slot is completely surrounded by the base body in the area (i.e. in the other dimensions).
• the base body contains or consists of a self-supporting metal foil, preferably made of aluminum, an aluminum alloy, copper, silver or stainless steel.
• Preferred metal foils have a thickness of 0.02 mm to 0.5 mm and in particular 0.09 mm to 0.3 mm.
• Such base bodies for slot antennas can easily be integrated into the glazing and, moreover, can be produced simply and inexpensively.
• the metal foil can also be stabilized by a polymer foil or can be electrically insulated on one or both sides.
• the slot is preferably a recess only in the metal foil or in the metal and polymer foil.
• the base body of the slot antenna contains or consists of a metallized polymer film with a preferred metallization of aluminum, an aluminum alloy, copper, silver or stainless steel. Preferred metal layers have a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
• the slot is advantageously a recess only in the metallization.
• Such base bodies can also be easily integrated into the glazing and, moreover, can be produced simply and inexpensively.
• the preferred lengths and widths of the slot antenna, i.e. the length LG and the width BG of the base body and the length LS and the width BS of the slot as well as the position of the slot within the base body depend on the operating frequency of the RFID transponder and the particular conditions of the installation situation away.
• the length LG of the base body is advantageously from 25 mm to 200 mm, preferably from 40 mm to 170 mm and in particular from 80 mm to 150 mm.
• the width BG of the base body is advantageously from 10 mm to 80 mm, preferably from 12 mm to 40 mm and in particular from 15 mm to 30 mm.
• the length LS of the slot is advantageously from 20 mm to 180 mm, preferably from 35 mm to 160 mm and in particular from 70 mm to 140 mm.
• the width BS of the slot is advantageously from 0.2 mm to 20 mm, preferably from 1 mm to 10 mm and in particular from 2 mm to 5 mm.
• Such designs can be arranged particularly well on the elongated inside surfaces of the frame of the glazing.
• the arrangement of an RFID transponder with a slot antenna on and in particular directly on the polymeric third frame element is particularly preferred.
• the RFID transponder is connected to the polymeric, third frame element either directly or merely by an adhesive layer, preferably an adhesive film or a double-sided adhesive tape.
• the slot of the slot antenna is arranged directly on the polymeric third frame element and the base body of the slot antenna is galvanically connected to the metallic first frame element and / or the metallic second frame element on one or both sides or electromagnetically coupled. The coupling leads to an advantageous improvement in the readout ranges of the RFID signal.
• the RFID electronics are preferably arranged centrally with respect to the direction of extent of the slot or in one of the end regions of the slot or somewhere in between and are galvanically connected to the base body and / or electromagnetically coupled.
• the choice of the position of the RFID electronics can be used to optimize the impedance matching between the RFID electronics and the antenna.
• the radio wavelengths used in such RFID transponder systems with slot antennas are usually in the UHF range of 865-869 MHz (including European frequencies) or 902-928 MHz (US and other frequency bands) or the SHF at 2.45, depending on the type GHz and 5.8 GHz.
• the released frequencies for UHF RFID transponders differ regionally for Asia, Europe and America and are coordinated by the ITU.
• the slot antenna according to the invention can be coupled in sections to a metal body, such as a metallic spacer or a metallic foil or a metallized foil on the spacer.
• a strip of the base body between the slot and the border of the base body is preferably brought into the immediate vicinity or in contact with the metal body, the strip of the base body opposite with respect to the slot and the slot itself being arranged as far away from it as possible.
• a strip of the base body can be arranged on the metallic or metallized spacer and the slot and the opposite strip of the base body can be arranged on the inner surface of one of the glass panes at an angle of approximately 90 °.
• the slot antenna can be arranged on a dielectric carrier element, particularly preferably a polymeric carrier element.
• the thickness of the carrier element is adapted to the material and in particular to the dielectric constant of the carrier element and to the geometry of the slot antenna.
• the slot antennas together with the RFID electronics per se can be arranged on a dielectric and, for example, polymeric carrier layer, which significantly simplifies assembly and prefabrication.
• the inventors' findings apply in principle to both passive and active RFID transponders.
• a glazing can have several RFID transponders, in particular in the edge or outer areas of the various sides (top, bottom, right, left) of the glazing. This is usually necessary in the case of glazing according to the state of the art with only a small range of the RFID transponder in order to quickly find an RFID signal and quickly identify the glazing and the glazing unit arranged therein. As a result of the increase in the range of the RFID transponder according to the invention, exactly one or a few RFID transponders per glazing are usually sufficient.
• the glazing unit has a rectangular shape. Furthermore, it has at least and preferably exactly four RFID transponders.
• An RFID transponder is arranged in the area of one of the four corners of the glazing unit.
• Each RFID transponder has a distance D according to the invention from the nearest corner of the glazing unit. That is, the distance D between the center of the dipole antenna or the center of the slot antenna (i.e. the center of the slot in the direction of extent) and the nearest corner of the glazing unit is from 40% to 100% of the vacuum wavelength lambda, preferably from 60% to 100 % and especially from 70% to 90%.
• the glazing unit has a rectangular shape.
• the glazing also has exactly two RFID transponders. In this case, one RFID transponder is arranged in each case in the area of two corners that are diagonally opposite with respect to the glazing unit. Each RFID transponder has a distance D according to the invention to the nearest corner of the
• Glazing unit on. That is, the distance D between the center of the dipole antenna or the center of the slot antenna (i.e. the center of the slot in the direction of extent) and the nearest corner of the
• the glazing unit is from 40% to 100% of the vacuum wavelength lambda, preferably from 60% to 100% and in particular from 70% to 90%.
• the glazing according to the invention has at least one strip-shaped coupling element which is electromagnetically coupled to the RFID transponder, the coupling element galvanically or capacitively in at least one coupling area with one of the metallic frame elements and preferably in two coupling areas with one of the metallic frame elements each is coupled.
• Coupling element which is provided separately from the RFID transponder, to be arranged on the glazing unit in such a way that, when suitably installed in a glazing, it optimally couples to its frame and a signal transmission from the frame to the antenna of the RFID transponder or from the antenna of the RFID transponder causes to the frame and thus to the outside of the glazing.
• the coupling element is electromagnetically coupled to an antenna pole of the dipole antenna or the slot antenna of the RFID transponder.
• Electromagnetically coupled here means that the coupling element and the RFID transponder are coupled by an electromagnetic field, ie are connected both capacitively and inductively and preferably not galvanically.
• the RFID transponder is designed as a dipole antenna.
• the coupling element according to the invention is arranged congruently in sections over the RFID transponder. In this case, in sections, congruent means that the coupling element covers the dipole antenna in sections in the orthogonal projection onto the RFID transponder.
• the coupling element covers the RFID transponder and in particular an antenna pole of the dipole antenna of the RFID transponder in sections in the viewing direction perpendicular to the end face of the frame.
• the coupling element is at least similar in size to the dipole antenna of the RFID transponder.
• the coupling element protrudes in the projection both on one side along the direction of extent of the dipole antenna and transversely to the direction of extent beyond the dipole antenna.
• the direction of extension of the dipole antenna is the longitudinal direction of the dipole antenna, that is, along its antenna poles arranged linearly with respect to one another and in the direction of their straight extension.
• the coupling element contains or consists of a self-supporting metal foil, preferably made of aluminum, an aluminum alloy, copper, silver or stainless steel.
• Preferred metal foils have a thickness of 0.02 mm to 0.5 mm and in particular 0.09 mm to 0.3 mm.
• Such coupling elements can easily be integrated into the glazing and, moreover, can be produced simply and inexpensively. It goes without saying that the metal foil can also be stabilized by a polymer foil or can be electrically insulated on one or both sides.
• the coupling element contains or consists of a metallized polymer film with a preferred metallization of aluminum, an aluminum alloy, copper, silver or stainless steel.
• Preferred metal layers have a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
• the coupling element according to the invention is advantageously arranged between the RFID transponder and at least one section of one of the frame elements.
• the coupling element is arranged directly on the frame elements and is capacitively or galvanically connected to the metallic frame elements.
• an electrical insulation layer is arranged in sections between the coupling element and the metallic frame elements, which electrically isolates the coupling element from the metallic frame elements. This is particularly advisable if the coupling element does not already have an electrically insulating carrier film or sheathing in order to reduce the thermal coupling between the outside and the inside. Such a galvanic isolation prevents a short circuit of the coupling element in undesired areas, which can limit its functionality.
• the insulation layer is, for example, a polymer film or a paint film made of an electrically insulating material.
• the coupling element according to the invention is advantageously arranged at least in sections on the inside end face of the frame.
• the coupling element protrudes beyond the inside end face transversely to at least in the area of one of the metallic frame elements
• the direction of extension of the frame here means the direction of the long side of the frame in contrast to the short side of the frame, which is only formed by the depth of the frame orthogonal to the surfaces of the glazing.
• the coupling element projects beyond the inside end face of the frame by one Overhang U.
• the coupling element is arranged in the region of the overhang on the inside surface of the frame element, which runs parallel to the large surfaces of the glazing.
• the maximum overhang is dependent on the width of the metallic frame element and in particular on the thickness of the elastomer profile, which is 6 mm to 7 mm, for example.
• the protrusion U is preferably from 2 mm to 30 mm, particularly preferably from 5 mm to 15 mm and in particular from 7 mm to 10 mm.
• the preferred length L of the coupling element that is to say the length parallel to the direction of extent of the dipole antenna, depends on the operating frequency f of the RFID transponder.
• the coupling element has a length L parallel to the dipole antenna of greater than or equal to 40% of half the vacuum wavelength lambda / 2 of the operating frequency f of the dipole antenna, preferably from 40% to 240%, particularly preferred from 60% to 120% and in particular from 70% to 95%.
• the coupling element has a length L parallel to the dipole antenna of 7 cm to 40 cm, preferably from 10 cm to 20 cm and in particular from 12 cm to 16 cm.
• the coupling element only covers one antenna pole of the dipole antenna and protrudes over the side facing away from the other antenna pole Antenna pole out. Covering here means that the coupling element is arranged in front of the respective antenna pole in the direction of view of the RFID transponder and covers it. Or in other words, the coupling element covers the respective antenna pole in the orthogonal projection.
• the coupling element only covers the first antenna pole of the dipole antenna and extends beyond the first antenna pole on the side facing away from the second antenna pole.
• the coupling element only covers the second antenna pole of the dipole antenna and extends beyond the second antenna pole on the side facing away from the first antenna pole.
• the coupling element can also have a small offset V between the edge of the coupling element and the center of the dipole antenna, the offset V being measured in the projection of the coupling element onto the dipole antenna.
• the offset V means that the projection of the edge of the coupling element is not arranged exactly in the middle between the antenna poles of the dipole antenna, but deviates by an offset V therefrom in the direction of extent of one antenna pole or in the direction of extent of the other antenna pole.
• the respective maximum offset is dependent on half the vacuum wavelength lambda / 2 of the operating frequency f of the dipole antenna.
• V 0 is optimal. Nevertheless, good results and read ranges could still be achieved for deviations from this.
• the offset V is advantageously from -20% to + 20% of half the vacuum wavelength lambda / 2 of the operating frequency f of the RFID transponder, preferably from -10% to + 10% and in particular from -5% to + 5%.
• the offset V is at an operating frequency f of the RFID transponder in the UHF range of -30 mm to +30 mm, preferably from -20 mm to +20 mm and in particular from -10 mm to + 10 mm.
• a positive sign here means, for example, that the edge of the coupling element is arranged in the projection on the second antenna pole and the rest of the second antenna pole is completely covered, while the first antenna pole is completely uncovered.
• a negative sign means that the edge of the coupling element in the projection is arranged on the first antenna pole and a section of the first antenna pole and the rest of the second antenna pole are completely covered.
• the width of the coupling element advantageously depends on the width of the frame and possibly on the respective one-sided or two-sided overhang over the inside end face of the frame. Typical widths are from 2 cm to 10 cm and preferably from 3 cm to 5 cm.
• the coupling element according to the invention is galvanically or capacitively coupled in at least one coupling area with one of the metallic frame elements and preferably in two coupling areas with one of the metallic frame elements in each case.
• the coupling element is preferably in direct contact with the metallic frame element and is, for example, galvanically connected to it.
• the coupling element preferably touches the metallic frame element over its entire length.
• the coupling element does not have to be firmly anchored to the metallic frame element. Rather, a loose concern or clamping is sufficient. In particular, a capacitive coupling between the coupling element and the metallic frame element in the coupling area is sufficient.
• the RFID transponder is arranged on the polymeric third frame element and a first strip-shaped coupling element is arranged between the first antenna pole of the dipole antenna and the third frame element, which is capacitively or galvanically coupled to the first frame element and a second strip-shaped coupling element is arranged between the second antenna pole of the dipole antenna and the third frame element, which is capacitively or galvanically coupled to the second frame element.
• the first coupling element extends only to a section of the first frame element and not to the second frame element. Furthermore, the second coupling element extends only to a section of the second frame element and not to the first frame element.
• glazing according to the invention does not have to have a coupling element or functionally equivalent components. That is, in an alternative advantageous embodiment of the invention, the glazing according to the invention has no electrically conductive active or passive components and in particular no coupling elements are arranged between the RFID transponder and the frame elements.
• FIG. 1A shows a detailed view (cross-sectional representation) of an edge area of a glazing with an insulating glazing unit according to an embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 1B shows a detailed view (top view) of a section of the glazing with insulating glazing unit according to FIG. 1A
• FIG. 1C shows a detailed view (cross-sectional representation) of the glazing in a sectional plane parallel to the end face of the insulating glazing unit according to FIG. 1A
• FIG. 2 shows a detailed view (cross-sectional representation) of an edge region of a glazing with an insulating glazing unit according to a further embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 3 shows a detailed view (cross-sectional representation) of an edge area of a glazing with an insulating glazing unit according to a further embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 4 shows a detailed view (cross-sectional view) of an edge area of glazing with insulating glazing unit according to a further embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 5 shows a greatly simplified view of a top view of glazing according to the invention
• FIG. 6 measurement results of the turn-on-power as a function of the irradiated frequency of glazing according to the invention in comparison with glazing according to the prior art
• FIG. 7B shows a detailed view (top view) of a section of the glazing with insulating glazing unit according to FIG. 7A
• FIG. 7C shows a detailed view (cross-sectional view) of the glazing in a sectional plane parallel to the end face of the insulating glazing unit according to FIG. 7A
• FIG. 7B shows a detailed view (top view) of a section of the glazing with insulating glazing unit according to FIG. 7A
• FIG. 7C shows a detailed view (cross-sectional view) of the glazing in a sectional plane parallel to the end face of the insulating glazing unit according to FIG. 7A
• FIG. 8A shows a detailed view (cross-sectional representation) of an edge region of a glazing with an insulating glazing unit according to a further embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 8B shows a detailed view (cross-sectional representation) of glazing in a sectional plane parallel to the end face of the insulating glazing unit according to a further embodiment
• FIG. 9 shows a detailed view (cross-sectional representation) of glazing in a sectional plane parallel to the end face of the insulating glazing unit according to a further embodiment
• FIG. 10 shows a detailed view (cross-sectional representation) of an edge area of glazing with insulating glazing unit according to a further embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 11A shows a detailed view (cross-sectional view) of an edge area of glazing according to a further embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 11 B shows a plan view of a section of the edge region of a glazing according to the embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 11 A, and FIG. 11
• FIG. 11 C shows a detailed view (perspective illustration) of a slot antenna according to the invention.
• the glazing units as well as the glazing and the individual components are each denoted by the same or similar reference numbers, regardless of whether the specific designs differ.
• FIG. 1A shows a detailed view (cross-sectional representation) of an edge region of a glazing 2 according to the invention with an insulating glazing unit 1.
• the glazing 2 also has one or more glazing units made of a single pane, a composite pane or a fire protection glazing unit, in particular with an intumescent layer, may have. All the embodiments shown here apply in isolation and in combination to all types of glazing units.
• FIG. 1B shows a detailed view (top view) of a section of the glazing 2 with insulating glazing unit 1 according to FIG. 1A with the viewing direction according to the arrow A from FIG. 1A.
• FIG. 1 C shows a detailed view (cross-sectional representation) of the glazing 2 in a sectional plane parallel to the end face 14 of the insulating glazing unit 1 according to FIG. 1A, looking in the direction of arrow B in FIG. 1A.
• the insulating glazing unit 1 comprises two glass panes 4a and 4b. These are held at a predetermined distance by a spacer 5 placed between the glass panes 4a, 4b near the end face 14 of the insulating glazing unit 1.
• the base body of the spacer 5 consists, for example, of glass fiber reinforced styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN).
• FIG. 1B shows a schematic plan view of the insulating glazing unit 1 in a viewing direction which is indicated by the arrow A. FIG. FIG. 1B therefore shows the second pane of glass 4b on top.
• spacers 5 are guided along the side edges of the glass panes 4a, 4b and form a spacer frame 5 '.
• the pane contact surfaces of the spacers 5, i.e. the contact surfaces of the spacers 5 to the glass panes 4a, 4b, are each glued to the glass panes 4a and 4b and thereby mechanically fixed and sealed.
• the adhesive connection consists, for example, of polyisobutylene or butyl rubber.
• the inner surface of the spacer frame 5 ′ together with the glass panes 4a, 4b delimits an inner area 12.
• the spacer 5 is usually hollow (not shown) and filled with a drying agent (not shown) which binds any moisture that has penetrated into the inner region 12 via small openings on the inside (also not shown).
• the desiccant contains, for example Molecular sieves such as natural and / or synthetic zeolites.
• the inner region 12 between the glass panes 4a and 4b is filled, for example, with a noble gas such as argon.
• the glass panes 4a, 4b usually protrude on all sides over the
• Spacer frame 5 ‘addition, so that the outer surface of the spacer 5 and the outer sections of the glass panes 4a, 4b form an outer area 13.
• a sealing element (sealing profile) 6 is introduced in this outer area 13 of the insulating glazing unit 1 between the glass letters 4a and 4b and outside the spacer 5.
• This is shown here in simplified form in one piece. In practice, it usually comprises two components, one of which seals the contact area between spacer 5 and glass panes 4a, 4b and protects it from penetrating moisture and external influences.
• the second component of the sealing element 6 additionally seals and mechanically stabilizes the insulating glazing unit 1. That
• Sealing element 6 is formed, for example, from an organic polysulfide.
• an insulating film (not shown here) is applied, for example, which reduces the heat transfer through the polymeric spacer 5 into the inner area 12.
• the insulation film can be attached to the polymeric spacer 5, for example, with a polyurethane hotmelt adhesive.
• the insulation film contains, for example, three polymer layers made of polyethylene terephthalate with a thickness of 12 ⁇ m and three metallic layers made of aluminum with a thickness of 50 nm. The metallic layers and the polymer layers are each attached alternately, the two outer layers being formed by polymer layers become.
• the layer sequence consists of a polymer layer, followed by a metallic layer, followed by an adhesive layer, followed by a polymer layer, followed by a metallic layer, followed by an adhesive layer, followed by a metallic layer, followed by a polymer layer .
• the base body of the spacer 5 consists, for example, of glass fiber reinforced styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN).
• SAN glass fiber reinforced styrene-acrylonitrile
• the basic spacer body has, for example, a glass fiber content of 35%. The glass fiber content in the basic spacer body improves strength and stability at the same time.
• the first glass pane 4a and the second glass pane 4b consist, for example, of soda-lime glass with a thickness of 3 mm and have dimensions of 1000 mm ⁇ 1200 mm, for example. It goes without saying that each insulating glazing unit 1 shown in this and the following configuration examples can also have three or more glass panes.
• the glazing 2 further comprises a, for example, U-shaped frame 3.
• the frame 3 consists of a first metallic frame element 3.1, which is connected to a second metallic frame element 3.2 via a polymeric and electrically insulating third frame element 3.3.
• the first and second frame elements 3.1, 3.2 are L-shaped.
• the frame 3 therefore surrounds the end face 14 of the double glazing unit 1 in a U-shape Completely cover 5 'in the direction of view (arrow A) through the insulating glazing unit 1.
• the frame 3 borders all the end faces 14 of the insulating glazing 1 and forms a closed border.
• the distance A between the end face 14 of the insulating glazing unit 1 and the inside end face of the frame 3 is approximately 4 mm, for example.
• the insulating glazing unit 1 is on a carrier, not shown here, in particular on a plastic carrier or by plastics electrically insulated support elements, arranged.
• an elastomer profile 7 is arranged between the metallic frame elements 3.1, 3.2 and the glass panes 4a, 4b so that the insulating glazing unit 1 is held firmly within the frame 3.
• the elastomer profile 7 has a thickness of 6.5 mm, for example, and fixes the distance between the respective frame elements 3.1, 3.2 and the glass panes 4a, 4b.
• the glazing according to FIGS. 1A to 1C is provided, for example, with an RFID transponder 9 which is arranged on the second frame element 3.2.
• the RFID transponder 9 is arranged inside the frame 3 and there on the inner surface of the second frame element 3.2, which runs parallel to the large surfaces of the glass panes 4a and 4b.
• the RFID transponder 9 can also be arranged in other positions within the frame 3, for example on one of the inner end faces of the frame elements 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 or on the inner surface of the first frame element 3.1, which extends parallel to the large surfaces of the glass panes 4a and 4b.
• the arrangement of the RFID transponder 9 on one of the metallic frame elements 3.1, 3.2 is to be preferred because of better signal coupling and decoupling.
• the operating frequency f of the RFID transponder is in the UHF range and, for example, around 866.6 MHz, which corresponds to a vacuum wavelength lambda of 34.6 cm.
• FIG. 1 shows a detailed view (cross-sectional view) of an edge area of a glazing 2 with an insulating glazing unit 1 according to a further embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 2 shows a modified construction which largely has the elements and the structure of the glazing 2 with insulating glazing unit 1 according to FIGS. 1A-C.
• the same reference numbers are used as there and the structure is not described again here.
• the insulating glazing unit 1 according to FIG. 2 differs from FIGS. 1A and 1C in that the RFID transponder 9 is arranged here directly on the inner end face of the third frame element 3.3. It goes without saying that it can also be arranged on the inner end face of the first frame element 3.1 or of the second frame element 3.2.
• FIG. 3 shows a detailed view (cross-sectional representation) of an edge region of a glazing 2 with an insulating glazing unit 1 according to a further embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 3 shows a modified construction which largely has the elements and the structure of the glazing 2 with insulating glazing unit 1 according to FIGS. 1 AC. In this respect, the same reference numbers are used as there and the structure is not described again here.
• the RFID transponder 9 is arranged in the sealing element 6 within the outer area 13 of the insulating glazing unit 1 and directly on the outer side of the spacer frame 5.
• FIG. 4 shows a further modified construction which also largely has the elements and the structure of the glazing 2 with insulating glazing unit 1 according to FIGS. 1A-C. In this respect, the same reference numbers are used as there and the structure is not described again here.
• the RFID transponder 9 is arranged directly on the outer surface of the glass pane 4A.
• FIG. 5 shows a greatly simplified schematic plan view of glazing according to the invention, only the glazing unit being shown using the example of an insulating glazing unit 1 and two RFID transponders 9 and the frame 3 being hidden.
• the glazing has a first corner 20.1 and a second corner 20.2, which are located diagonally opposite one another with respect to the glass panes 4a, 4b of the insulating glazing unit 1.
• the insulating glazing 1 is, for example, rectangular in shape, the horizontal sides, that is to say the top and bottom sides, being longer than the vertical sides.
• the RFID transponders 9 are arranged directly on the insulating glazing 1, for example, corresponding to FIG.
• One of the RFID transponders 9 is arranged at the lower edge of the insulating glazing 1, the distance D1 between the center 17 of the dipole antenna 9.1 of the RFID transponder 9 arranged at the lower edge and the first corner 20.1 in this example being 30 cm.
• a second RFID transponder 9 is arranged on the upper edge of the insulating glazing 1, the distance D2 between the center 17 of the dipole antenna 9.1 arranged on the upper edge and the second corner 20.2 in this example also being 30 cm. It goes without saying that the distances D1 and D2 of the RFID transponders 9 can be selected independently of one another within the range according to the invention and do not have to be identical.
• Modern insulating glazings 1 often have coatings which reduce the permeability for thermal radiation, particularly in one direction.
• Such insulating glazing 1 have a front and a rear side, which in one special installation position to the radiation source (e.g. the sun).
• the arrangement of two RFID transponders 9 at diagonally opposite corners 20.1, 20.2 shown in FIG Area of the predetermined corners 20.1, 20.2 are located. Correct installation is independent of a rotation by 180 ° around an axis perpendicular to the large surfaces of the insulating glazing unit, that is to say, of reversing the upper and lower edges.
• the RFID transponders 9 are in the respective lower right corner 20.1 and the upper left corner 20.2 and with an installation in which the front and rear of the glazing unit are reversed, the RFID transponders 9 are in the respective lower corner left corner and the upper right corner.
• FIG. 6 shows measurement results on glazing 2 according to the invention and glazing according to the prior art, each with a passive UHF RFID transponder 9.
• the glazing has, for example, an area of 1.8 m ⁇ 0.5 m.
• the RFID transponders 9 were each arranged on the longer side.
• the RFID transponder 9 is arranged in a first position Pos1.
• the distance D according to the invention from the center 17 of the dipole antenna 9.1 to the nearest corner 20 is 30 cm here.
• an RFID transponder 9 in a second position Pos2 in the middle of the pane is at a distance of 90 cm from the two nearest corners.
• the turn-on power P was measured, ie the power to be radiated from the outside that is necessary for the operation of the passive RFID transponder 9, minus the typical distance-dependent attenuation of the signal in a vacuum.
• the turn-on power P was measured as a function of the radiated frequency f in.
• the vertical dashed line shows the frequency range permitted in the European Union for UHF RFID applications from 865 Hz to 869 MHz. The measurement results are to be interpreted in such a way that the lower the necessary turn-on power, the greater the range for reading out the RFID transponder with a commercially available and practical RFID reader.
• the required power to be radiated is up to 9 times less than with an RFID transponder at position Pos2 according to the prior art.
• FIG. 7A shows a detailed view (cross-sectional representation) of an edge region of a further glazing 2 according to the invention with an insulating glazing unit 1.
• FIG. 7B shows a detailed view (top view) of a section of the glazing 2 with insulating glazing unit 1 according to FIG. 7A with the viewing direction according to the arrow A from FIG. 7A.
• FIG. 7C shows a detailed view (cross-sectional representation) of the glazing 2 in a sectional plane parallel to the end face 14 of the insulating glazing unit 1 according to FIG. 7A, looking in the direction of arrow B on FIG. 7A.
• FIGS. 7A, 7B and 7C essentially correspond in their structure to FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C, so that only the differences will be discussed below. In particular, the reference symbols correspond.
• a coupling element 10 is arranged on the inner end face 14 of the frame, which, for example, consists of a 0.1 mm thick electrically conductive film and consists for example of an aluminum foil.
• the coupling element 10 extends here, for example, from the inner face 14 of the first frame element 3.1 over the inner face 14 of the third frame element 3.3 and over the inner face 14 of the second frame element 3.2.
• the coupling element 10 can be arranged directly on the frame elements 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 (not shown here in the figures). This configuration is particularly simple and inexpensive to manufacture.
• an insulation layer 8 made of, for example, a polymeric film is arranged between the coupling element 10 and the respective sections of the frame elements 3.1, 3.2, 3.3.
• the polymeric film consists, for example, of a 0.16 mm thick polyimide film.
• the insulation layer 8 can also be part of a one-sided or both-sided electrically insulating coating of the coupling element 10.
• the coupling element 10 is led around the inner corner of the second frame element 3.2 in relation to the frame 3 and in an area 10.1 of the coupling element 10 along the inner surface of the second frame element 3.2, which runs parallel to the large surfaces of the glass panes 4a and 4b , educated.
• the coupling element 10 is arranged in this area 10.1 K between the RFID transponder 9 and the second frame element 3.2. Furthermore, the coupling element 10 is electromagnetically coupled to the RFID transponder 10 in this area 10.1 K. In addition, the coupling element 10 is galvanically coupled, for example, to the second frame element 3.2 in this area 10.1 K. It goes without saying that the coupling element 10 in this area 10.1 K can also only be coupled electromagnetically to the second frame element 3.2, for example via an insulation film and in particular via a continuation of the insulation film 8.
• the width of the area 10.1 K is 9 mm, for example.
• One edge of the coupling element 10 is arranged approximately congruently over one of the two antenna poles of the dipole antenna 9.1. That is to say, the edge of the coupling element 10 is arranged essentially in the middle of the dipole antenna 9.1.
• Arranged congruently means that the Coupling element 10 is arranged within the orthogonal projection of the antenna pole of the dipole antenna 9.1 on the coupling element 10 and covers it at least completely.
• the coupling element 10 is arranged with respect to a plan view of the RFID transponder 9 and completely covers an antenna pole of the dipole antenna 9.1.
• the length L of the coupling element 10 in its direction of extent parallel to the direction of extent of the dipole antenna 9.1 and thus parallel to the direction of extent of the long side of the frame 3 is, for example, 15 cm.
• the coupling element 10 is thus approximately as long as the dipole antenna 9.1 and thus protrudes on one side by approximately 50% beyond its end.
• the example shown is an RFID transponder 9 in which the dipole antenna 9.1 is arranged on a dielectric support body 9.2. This is necessary because both the coupling element 10 and the second frame element 3.2 are electrically conductive. Without the dielectric support body 9.2, the dipole antenna 9.1 would be arranged directly on an electrically conductive surface and thereby “short-circuited”. The short circuit can be avoided by using an RFID transponder 9 with a dielectric carrier body 9.2 (so-called “on-metal” RFID transponder).
• half of the RFID transponder 9 is on the coupling element 10 above the metallic frame elements 3.2 and the other half is on the
• Frame element 3.2 itself glued or clamped on.
• the dipole antenna 9.1 consists of a first antenna pole 9.1.1 and a second antenna pole 9.1.2, both of which are connected to electronics in the middle of the RFID transponder 9.
• the coupling element 10 is arranged in such a way that it completely covers the first antenna pole 9.1.1 and protrudes beyond the first antenna pole 9.1.1 on the side facing away from the second antenna pole 9.1.2. As a result of this overlap and the small distance between the first antenna pole 9.1.1 and the coupling element 10, an electromagnetic coupling takes place.
• the coupling element 10 is coupled to the metallic second frame 3.2 in a coupling region 15.
• the conductive film of the coupling element 10 rests against the second frame element 3.2, for example over its entire length, and is galvanically connected to it. It goes without saying that a capacitive coupling is also sufficient for coupling high-frequency signals in the operating range of the RFID transponder 9.
• the signal from the dipole antenna 9.1 of the RFID transponder 9 can also be better directed to the outside and, conversely, a signal from the outside of the RFID transponder 9 can be improved are fed.
• the range of the RFID signal is increased again compared to glazing 2 according to the invention with insulating glazing units 1 without coupling element 10.
• FIG. 8A shows a detailed view (cross-sectional representation) of an edge region of a glazing 2 with an insulating glazing unit 1 according to a further embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 8B shows a detailed view (cross-sectional representation) of the glazing in a sectional plane parallel to the end face 14 of the glazing 2 according to FIG. 8A in the direction of the arrow B from FIG. 8A.
• FIGS. 8A and 8B show a modified construction which largely has the elements and the structure of the glazing 2 with insulating glazing unit 1 according to FIGS. 7A-C.
• the same reference numbers are used as there and the structure is not described again here.
• the viewing direction in FIG. 8B here points from the side of the insulating glazing unit 1 into the frame 3, that is to say against the direction of the arrow B from FIG. 8A.
• the insulating glazing unit 1 according to FIGS. 8A and 8B differs from FIGS. 7A and 7C in the design of the coupling element 10, which protrudes here on both sides by an area 10.1 K, 10. TK over the inner end face of the frame 3. This results in two coupling areas 15, 15 ', in which the coupling element 10 couples to the first and second frame elements 3.1, 3.2. Overall, this leads to a symmetrization of the properties described above in order to improve the readout ranges of the RFID signal, so that the same signal strengths can be achieved on both sides of the glazing 2.
• the RFID transponder 9 is arranged here for example with respect to the frame 3 and with the interposition of the coupling element 10 and the insulation layer 8 on the inner end face of the second frame element 3.2. It goes without saying that it can also be arranged on the inner end face of the first frame element 3.1 or of the frame element 3.3.
• FIG. 9 shows a detailed view (cross-sectional representation) of a glazing 2 in a sectional plane parallel to the end face 14 according to a further embodiment of the invention.
• the direction of view here is from the side of the insulating glazing unit 1 into the frame 3, that is, against the direction of the arrow B from FIG. 8A.
• An edge 16 of the coupling element 10 is not arranged in the center of the dipole antenna 9.1 (center of the dipole 17), but rather offset by an offset V of approximately 10 mm.
• the coupling element 10 thus also covers part of the second antenna pole 9.1.2. Nevertheless, good RFID signals could be measured here.
• an offset V of 20% of half the vacuum wavelength lambda / 2 of the operating frequency f of the RFID transponder 9 good and practically usable signals or sufficiently large maximum reading ranges can be achieved. It is unimportant whether the offset V takes place in the direction of the first antenna pole 9.1.1 or in the direction of the second antenna pole 9.1.2. Investigations by the inventors have shown that such an arrangement also has a positive effect on the reception / transmission characteristics and increases the achievable read distance of the RFID transponder 9.
• FIG. 10 shows a detailed view (cross-sectional representation) of an edge region of a glazing 2 with an insulating glazing unit 1 according to a further embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 10 shows a modified construction which largely has the elements and the structure of the glazing 2 with insulating glazing unit 1 according to FIGS. 7A-C. In this respect, the same reference numbers are used as there and the structure is not described again here.
• the RFID transponder 9 is arranged in the sealing element 6 within the outer area 13 of the insulating glazing unit 1 and directly on the spacer frame 5.
• the coupling element 10, which here for example has an overhang 10.1, 10.1 ‘on both sides beyond the second glass pane 4b and the first glass pane 4a, is arranged on the end faces 14 of the glass panes 4a and 4b. This results in two coupling areas 15, 15 ', in which the coupling element 10 to the first and second frame elements 3.1,
• FIG. 11A shows a detailed view (cross-sectional representation) of an edge region of a glazing 2 with an alternative RFID transponder 9 with a slot antenna 90.1.
• the insulating glazing unit 1 and the glazing 2 of FIG. 11A essentially correspond to the insulating glazing unit 1 and the glazing 2 according to FIG. 1A, so that only the differences are discussed below.
• the RFID transponder 9 is designed as a slot antenna 90.1. Details of the slot antenna 90.1 can be found in FIGS. 11B and 11C and the associated description of the figures. Furthermore, the slot antenna 90.1 is on the polymeric, third frame element
• FIG. 11B shows a schematic plan view through the edge region of the glazing 2 from FIG. 11A in a viewing direction which is indicated by the arrow B in FIG. 11A.
• the operating frequency of the RFID transponder is in the UHF range and, for example, 866.6 MHz.
• the example shown is an inventive RFID transponder 9 with a slot antenna 90.1 in which the RFID electronics 90.2 is arranged in the center of the slot 90.1.1, the base body 90.1.2 of the slot antenna 90.1 is attached to the adjacent areas and is connected to these in an electrically conductive manner, for example by two galvanic connections on both sides of the slot 90.1.1 (once above and once below in FIG. 11B). It goes without saying that the RFID electronics 90.2 can also be arranged elsewhere and can be connected to the slot antenna 90.1 via lines, galvanic connections or electromagnetic coupling.
• FIG. 11C shows a perspective illustration of the slot antenna 90.1 according to the invention.
• This consists of a metallic base body 90.1.2, for example a rectangular copper foil with a length LG of 140 mm, a width BG of 10 mm and a thickness DG of 0.1 mm.
• the base body 90.1.2 has, for example, in the middle a slot 90.1.1 in the form of a complete recess with a length LS of 120 mm and a width BS of 2 mm.
• the edge area of the base body 90.1.2 around the slot 90.1.1 is therefore approximately 10 mm in the longitudinal direction (LR) and approximately 4 mm in each case in the transverse direction (BR). It goes without saying that lengths, widths, position of the slot, material etc. can be adapted to the respective conditions of the installation situation, the radiation characteristics and the RFID frequency.
• strips 100.1, 100.2 are of the same width and length.
• the base body 90.1.2 can also consist of a comparatively rigid, thin metal plate or of a very thin metal foil or metallization which is arranged on a carrier element, preferably a dielectric carrier element such as a polymer plate or polymer film.
• the slot antenna 90.1 is arranged, for example, directly on the polymeric, third frame element 3.3. Since the material of the polymeric, third frame element 3.3 is electrically insulating, the slot antenna 90.1 can for example be arranged directly on the polymeric, third frame element 3.3, for example glued via a thin adhesive film or a double-sided adhesive tape.
• Another aspect of the invention relates to an RFID transponder 9 according to the invention, preferably at least one further RFID transponder 9 according to the invention, the
• the glazing unit preferably on an outer surface or on one of the end faces 14 of the insulating glazing unit, or
• Another aspect of the invention relates to glazing 2 according to the invention, a strip-shaped coupling element 10 being electromagnetically coupled to the RFID transponder 9 and the coupling element 10 being coupled in at least one coupling area 15 to one of the metallic frame elements 3.1, 3.2 and preferably in two coupling areas 15, 15 'is galvanically or capacitively coupled to one of the metallic frame elements 3.1,3.2.
• This is particularly advantageous for RFID transponders 9 with dipole antennas 9.1.
• the coupling element 10 contains or consists of a metallized polymer film or a self-supporting metal film, preferably made of aluminum, an aluminum alloy, copper, silver or stainless steel.
• the strip-shaped coupling element 10 according to the invention is arranged between the RFID transponder 9 and at least one section of one of the frame elements 3.1, 3.2, 3.3. In a further preferred embodiment, the strip-shaped coupling element 10 according to the invention is arranged congruently in sections over the RFID transponder 9.
• no electrically conductive components and in particular no coupling elements 10 are arranged between the RFID transponder 9 and the frame elements 3.1, 3.2, 3.3.

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