EP4078728A1 - Antenne à double polarisation - Google Patents
Antenne à double polarisationInfo
- Publication number
- EP4078728A1 EP4078728A1 EP20824690.0A EP20824690A EP4078728A1 EP 4078728 A1 EP4078728 A1 EP 4078728A1 EP 20824690 A EP20824690 A EP 20824690A EP 4078728 A1 EP4078728 A1 EP 4078728A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- polarization
- blades
- network
- antenna according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 101710195281 Chlorophyll a-b binding protein Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 101710143415 Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 1, chloroplastic Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 101710181042 Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 1A, chloroplastic Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 101710091905 Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 2, chloroplastic Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 101710095244 Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 3, chloroplastic Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 101710127489 Chlorophyll a-b binding protein of LHCII type 1 Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 101710184917 Chlorophyll a-b binding protein of LHCII type I, chloroplastic Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 101710102593 Chlorophyll a-b binding protein, chloroplastic Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000032370 Secondary transmission Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
- H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
- H01Q13/025—Multimode horn antennas; Horns using higher mode of propagation
- H01Q13/0258—Orthomode horns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a radiofrequency (RF) module, intended to form the passive part of a direct radiation antenna (DRA, Direct Radiating Array).
- RF radiofrequency
- Antennas are elements which are used to emit electromagnetic signals in free space, or to receive such signals.
- Simple antennas, such as dipoles, have limited performance in terms of gain and directivity.
- Parabolic antennas allow higher directivity, but are bulky and heavy, which makes their use unsuitable in applications such as satellites for example, where weight and volume must be reduced.
- DRA antenna arrays which combine several radiating elements (antenna elements) out of phase in order to improve the gain and directivity.
- the signals received on the various radiating elements, or emitted by these elements, are amplified and out of phase with one another so as to control the shape of the reception and transmission lobes of the network.
- the various radiating elements are all connected via a waveguide network to a port making it possible to connect the antenna to an electronic circuit comprising for example an RF electronic circuit and an amplifier.
- Dual polarization antennas capable of transmitting respectively of simultaneously receiving signals with two polarizations.
- the signals transmitted or received by each antenna element are combined, respectively separated, according to their polarization by means of a polarizer.
- the polarizer can also be integrated into the antenna element.
- a dual polarization antenna has two ports for connecting each of the two polarizations separately from respectively to the electronic circuit.
- Such antennas intended to transmit high frequencies, in particular for microwave frequencies, are difficult to design. It is in particular often desired to bring the various elementary antennas of the network as close as possible in order to reduce the amplitude of the secondary transmission or reception lobes, in directions other than the transmission or reception direction which must be favored. . This reduction in the pitch between the different elementary antennas of the network is however incompatible with the size of the waveguide network necessary in order to combine the signals received by the different elementary antennas, respectively to divide the signals to be transmitted.
- Another object when designing such an antenna is also to reduce its weight, in particular in applications for space or aeronautics.
- An aim is to provide an antenna suitable for the Ka frequency band, in particular for satellite communications with LHCP and RHCP polarization.
- antennas with a new modular design which makes it possible to vary the number of elementary antennas as required, without having to review the entire design of the antenna.
- the design is said to be modular when different types of antennas can easily be designed by adding or removing standardized antenna elements when designing the antenna, without having to review the entire design of the antenna or the network. waveguides. It is in particular desirable to be able to design an antenna in a modular fashion by adding units with several antennas while guaranteeing spatial filtering.
- the antenna must of course also have very high performance, gain and radiation pattern characteristics that are compatible with the specifications of the application.
- the antenna must be able to be manufactured in an industrial manner and without falling within the scope of protection of existing patents.
- a dual polarization antenna comprises: at least a first port intended to connect the antenna to an active circuit for transmitting or receiving a signal with a first polarization (LHCP); at least a second port for connecting the antenna to an or to the active circuit for transmitting or receiving a signal with a second polarization (RHCP); several dual-polarized antenna elements, the antenna elements being arranged in cell units, each cell unit including four antenna elements and two junctions 1-to-4, a first of the two junctions being associated with a first polarization and a second of these two junctions being associated with a second polarization, each said junction comprising four branches to connect it to one of the polarizations of each antenna element of the corresponding unit and a common trunk, a network of dividers / combiners to connect the trunk of each said junction 1 -to-4 of a cell unit associated with the first polarization with the first port and to connect the trunk of each said 1-to-4 junction associated with the second polar
- This structure makes it possible to produce an elementary antenna array, referred to simply as an antenna hereinafter, in a modular manner by juxtaposing antenna units each formed of four superimposed elementary antennas.
- Each antenna unit has two junctions 1-to-4 and thus makes it possible to receive and respectively transmit signals according to two distinct polarizations.
- Each antenna unit thus comprises four antenna elements superimposed but offset two by two by two.
- the arrangement of the antenna elements of each unit in two planes offset from each other in a perpendicular direction at the plane of the blade by a distance less than the width of an antenna element allows beamforming, or spatial filtering, of the signals received or transmitted within a cell unit, such that in particular directions, signals interfere constructively while in other directions interference is destructive.
- This beamforming at the elementary level of each unit allows more freedom when combining the antenna units since each antenna unit already has pairs of out-of-phase antennas. It also facilitates the connection of the different antennas by means of the waveguide network connecting the antennas to each other.
- the number of antenna elements is preferably exactly equal to four.
- the network of dividers / combiners which connects the antenna units to the ports preferably comprises a first sub-network of dividers / combiners comprising a stack of juxtaposed blades. It is thus easily possible to produce an antenna comprising a greater number of elementary antennas by adding additional blades and / or by increasing the number of cell units per blade.
- the first sub-network of dividers / combiners is arranged to connect together the trunks of each junction 1-to-4 of this blade.
- Some blades are associated with a first polarization and other blades are associated with the second polarization.
- the first sub-network of dividers / combiners in the plates associated with the first polarization is arranged to connect between them the trunks of junctions 1-4 associated with this first polarization.
- the first sub-network of dividers / combiners in the plates associated with the second polarization is arranged to connect between them the trunks of junctions 1-4 associated with this second polarization.
- the first sub-network of dividers / combiners advantageously comprises an alternation of first blades associated with the first polarization and of second blades associated with the second polarization.
- each blade is dedicated to a single polarization.
- the antenna advantageously comprises a second sub-network of dividers / combiners arranged to connect said first blades to each other and to the first port, and to connect said second blades to each other and to the second port.
- Each blade preferably extends in a first direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of transmission of the signal, and between the two planes defined by the extreme side edges of the antenna elements associated with this blade.
- a first blade and a second blade preferably extend between the two planes defined by the extreme side edges of the antenna elements associated with these two blades.
- the width of the network dividers / combiners is less than or equal to the maximum width of the associated antenna elements; the total width of the antenna is therefore given by the width of the network of elementary antennas, and it is possible to add new antenna elements and to connect them without the network of dividers / combiners determining the total width .
- the second sub-network of dividers / combiners is advantageously provided between said blades and said ports.
- the second sub-network of dividers / combiners preferably comprises waveguide portions extending in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of transmission of the signal.
- each blade is associated with four cell units.
- Each antenna element can be connected to two neighboring blades.
- the antenna comprises 32 blades, 16 of which are associated with a first polarization and 16 associated with the second polarization.
- the first sub-network of dividers / combiners of each blade comprises at least one bifurcation in the H plane.
- Each antenna element preferably comprises a septum for combining in transmission or to separate in reception the two polarizations of a radiofrequency signal.
- Each antenna element preferably has a cross section perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the square-shaped signal.
- the antenna can be made monolithically.
- the antenna can be produced by 3D printing a core and depositing a surface layer at least on the internal face of this core.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of an antenna comprising four cell units according to the invention.
- Figure 2 illustrates an example of a blade intended to connect together the first polarizations of four superimposed cell units.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an example of the juxtaposition of two plates intended to connect together the first and the second polarizations of four superimposed cell units.
- Figure 4 illustrates a first network of dividers / combiners formed of 32 juxtaposed blades.
- Figure 5 illustrates a 1-to-4 junction comprising four branches intended to be connected to the first polarization of the elementary antennas of a cell unit, and a trunk for the common signal.
- Figure 6 shows a perspective view of a power combiner / divider in the H plane.
- Figure 7 shows a side view of a power combiner / divider in the H plane.
- Figure 9 illustrates a second network of dividers / combiners in the plane E.
- FIG. 10 schematically illustrates the way in which one of the polarities of the superimposed elementary antennas are connected via the associated blade.
- Figure 11 schematically illustrates the connections within the second network of combiners / dividers.
- the present invention relates generally to an array of antennas, referred to simply as an antenna hereinafter, and comprising several elementary antennas 3 (radiating elements) arranged in a matrix so that the openings of these elementary antennas are all in the same plan.
- the direction d of transmission of the signal, in the antenna and at the output of the antenna, is perpendicular to this plane.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an antenna 1 comprising four juxtaposed cell units 8, each cell unit comprising four elementary antennas 3 superimposed.
- the antenna 1 of this example thus comprises 16 elementary antennas, numbered by row and column of 3o ; o up to 3B ; B and forming a matrix with four rows and four columns, each column being formed in this example of a single cell unit.
- the number of columns can be increased by juxtaposing additional cell units, and the number of rows can be increased by superimposing additional cell units within each column.
- the pitch between two adjacent antenna elements as well as the pitch between two lines is advantageously less than the nominal wavelength of the signal to be transmitted; the unwanted sidelobes in transmission or in reception sensitivity are thus reduced.
- the successive lines of the antenna are out of phase; in the example illustrated, the even lines are phase-shifted with respect to the odd lines by a pitch corresponding to the half-width of an elementary antenna.
- This phase shift makes it possible to perform beamforming or spatial filtering of the signals received or transmitted by the antenna elements of the cell unit 8, such that in particular directions the signals constructively interfere while in other directions the interferences are destructive.
- the antenna elements 3 each include an opening forming a radiant element oriented towards the ether, and two connection ports at the junction 5 described below. One of the two ports is intended for a first polarization and the second is intended for the second polarization.
- the antenna includes a polarizer, preferably in the form of a septum 32 making it possible to separate the two polarizations LHCP and RHCP of a signal in reception respectively to combine the two polarizations in transmission.
- the antenna elements 3 can include another type of polarizer, or be linked to a separate polarizer.
- the antenna 1 further comprises a series of junctions 1-to-45.
- Two junctions 5 are associated with each cell unit, in order on the one hand to divide respectively combine the signals of first LHCP polarization of the four elementary antennas of the cell unit, and on the other hand to dividing respectively combining the signals of second polarization RHCP from the four elementary antennas of the cell unit.
- the number of junctions 1-to-45 is therefore equal to 8.
- the signals at the output of the junctions 5 are combined using a first power divider / combiner in the plane H, separately for each polarization.
- a port 7 (figure 8) makes it possible to connect each polarization to an active electronic circuit.
- FIGS. 2 to 4 illustrate an example of a first divider-combiner 4 with the junctions 1-to-4 of the associated cell units, in the case of a dual-polarization antenna comprising 16 ⁇ 16 antenna elements 3.
- the first divider / combiner consists of several juxtaposed blades 2, each blade being dedicated to one of the two polarizations LHCP or RHCP. As each antenna element provides two polarizations, the number of blades is therefore equal to twice the number of antenna elements per row, that is to say 32 blades in this example.
- Each blade 2 is intended to be connected to all of the antenna elements 3 of a column, that is to say to four cell units 8 superimposed in this example. It therefore comprises branches 500o to 500i 5 , each of these branches being directly connected to one of the two output ports of one of the antennas.
- Two levels of junctions 1-to-2 in the H plane form a junction 1-to-4 (reference 5) making it possible to combine / divide the signals inside each cell unit 8; the signal common to the trunk 501 of the junctions of the blade 2 is combined using two additional levels of junctions 1-to-2 in the H plane, the signal resulting from the addition of the signals in all the branches 500 of a blade 2 thus being found in the trunk 23 of this blade.
- Figure 2 illustrates a single blade 2.
- Figure 3 shows two juxtaposed blades, one being dedicated to a first LHCP polarization of several superimposed cell units and the other to the second polarization RHCP of the same cell units.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the juxtaposition of 32 blades 2 constituting the first array of dividers / combiners of the antenna.
- Figure 5 illustrates a 1-to-4- junction present in each cell unit.
- the junction therefore comprises four branches 500 intended to be connected to four ports of the antenna elements 3 of a cell unit 8.
- the first level comprises two junctions 1-to-2 51 for combining / dividing the signals from two by two. same polarization of two superimposed antenna elements. The two antennas of each pair being out of phase, the junction takes place in the H plane.
- a second 1-to-2 junction 50 then makes it possible to combine together the trunks of the two junctions 51, united in a common trunk 501.
- Figures 6 and 7 illustrate in more detail an example of a 1-to-2 junction.
- This example relates to the first power divider / combiner 21 in the first network 4; however, the realization of the 1-to-2 junctions 50 and 51 in the cell units, and of the second power divider / combiner 22 in the first network 4 may be the same or similar, only the direction of the branches of the junction differing.
- the height bi of the trunk 201 is less than the height b2 of the portion of the junction in which the signals combine or divide, this height b2 itself being less than the total height b3 of the two branches 200.
- FIG. 8 illustrates the rear of the antenna 1, that is to say the side opposite the front face from which the antenna elements 3 point.
- this figure shows a second network of dividers / combiners 6 in the plane E, is intended to combine / divide the signals of the different plates 2, independently for each polarization.
- This network 6 comprises a first half-network 6LHCP for the first LHCP polarization and whose branches form a first comb intended to be connected to the blades 2 of first polarization.
- a second half-network 6RHCP for the second RHCP polarization comprises branches forming a second comb interposed between the first comb and intended to be connected to the blades 2 of second polarization.
- the trunk of the first half-network forms the first port 7LHCP of antenna 1 and the trunk of the first half-network forms the first port 7RHCP.
- FIG. 9 illustrates one of the half-networks, for example the first half-network 6LHCP.
- it comprises 16 branches 60o to 60i 5 forming the comb intended to connect to the trunk / port of the different blades 2.
- the number of branches 60 obviously depends on the number of blades 2.
- Four levels of junctions 1 - à-261,62,63,64 in the plane E make it possible to successively combine / divide the signals of these different branches united in a common trunk 7 forming one of the two ports of the antenna.
- the outlet of this trunk 7 is bent at 90 ° to facilitate connection to a waveguide or directly to the electronic circuit.
- FIG. 10 schematically illustrates the tree structure of the junctions within each blade 2, the blade comprising both the first network of divider / combiners 4 and the junctions 1-to-45 of the cell units 8 associated with this blade.
- FIG. 11 schematically illustrates the tree structure of the junctions within the second network of dividers / combiners 6.
- the antenna is advantageously produced in a monolithic manner, preferably by 3D printing of a metal or polymer core, then deposition of a conductive layer at least on the internal faces of the waveguides of the antenna. .
- the above example relates to an antenna comprising 16 ⁇ 16 antenna elements.
- This number is non-limiting and the number of antenna elements can be any.
- the number of lines is however preferably a multiple of 4 so as to be able to design the antenna by stacking cell units comprising four antenna elements each.
- This number is also advantageously a power of two so as to be able to produce a first network of dividers / combiners 4 with an equal number of junctions between each branch of this network and the trunk of the blade, thus guaranteeing more easily paths of isophase length to the different branches.
- the number of antenna elements per branch, and therefore of blades 2 can be any. This number is however advantageously a power of two, so as to be able to produce a second network of dividers / combiners 6 with an equal number of junctions between each branch of this network and the ports 7 of the antenna, thus guaranteeing more easily paths. isophase in length to the various branches.
- the antenna may include a mounting hole passing through the array of dividers in a direction perpendicular to the direction of signal transmission, and allowing it to be mounted by threading it around a cylindrical mounting bar. This solution makes it possible to easily adjust the orientation of the antenna by pivoting it around the bar.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1914809A FR3105611B1 (fr) | 2019-12-18 | 2019-12-18 | Antenne à double polarisation |
PCT/IB2020/062059 WO2021124170A1 (fr) | 2019-12-18 | 2020-12-16 | Antenne à double polarisation |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4078728A1 true EP4078728A1 (fr) | 2022-10-26 |
EP4078728B1 EP4078728B1 (fr) | 2024-07-31 |
Family
ID=70613946
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20824690.0A Active EP4078728B1 (fr) | 2019-12-18 | 2020-12-16 | Antenne à double polarisation |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20230011966A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP4078728B1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3157973A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3105611B1 (fr) |
IL (1) | IL293345A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2021124170A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US12057639B2 (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2024-08-06 | Relia Communication Equipment Co., Ltd. | Antenna and combined antenna |
DE102022209120A1 (de) * | 2022-09-02 | 2024-03-07 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Radarsensor mit Hohlleiterstruktur |
WO2024189517A1 (fr) * | 2023-03-13 | 2024-09-19 | Swissto12 Sa | Réseau de guides d'ondes à section arrondie |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2425490B1 (fr) * | 2009-04-30 | 2013-02-13 | QEST Quantenelektronische Systeme GmbH | Système d'antenne à large bande pour communication par satellite |
KR20130066906A (ko) * | 2011-12-13 | 2013-06-21 | 주식회사 마이크로페이스 | 간단한 도파관 급전망과, 이의 평판형 도파관 안테나 |
US10096904B2 (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2018-10-09 | Viasat, Inc. | Waveguide feed network architecture for wideband, low profile, dual polarized planar horn array antennas |
US9559428B1 (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2017-01-31 | Viasat, Inc. | Compact waveguide power combiner/divider for dual-polarized antenna elements |
US20170237182A1 (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2017-08-17 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Antenna with beamwidth reconfigurable circularly polarized radiators |
WO2019203902A2 (fr) * | 2017-12-20 | 2019-10-24 | Optisys, LLC | Réseau d'antennes de poursuite intégré |
-
2019
- 2019-12-18 FR FR1914809A patent/FR3105611B1/fr active Active
-
2020
- 2020-12-16 IL IL293345A patent/IL293345A/en unknown
- 2020-12-16 US US17/757,319 patent/US20230011966A1/en active Pending
- 2020-12-16 CA CA3157973A patent/CA3157973A1/fr active Pending
- 2020-12-16 WO PCT/IB2020/062059 patent/WO2021124170A1/fr unknown
- 2020-12-16 EP EP20824690.0A patent/EP4078728B1/fr active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2021124170A1 (fr) | 2021-06-24 |
CA3157973A1 (fr) | 2021-06-24 |
EP4078728B1 (fr) | 2024-07-31 |
US20230011966A1 (en) | 2023-01-12 |
IL293345A (en) | 2022-07-01 |
FR3105611B1 (fr) | 2023-01-06 |
FR3105611A1 (fr) | 2021-06-25 |
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