EP4078057A1 - Wärmepumpe mit optimiertem kältemittelkreislauf - Google Patents
Wärmepumpe mit optimiertem kältemittelkreislaufInfo
- Publication number
- EP4078057A1 EP4078057A1 EP20824194.3A EP20824194A EP4078057A1 EP 4078057 A1 EP4078057 A1 EP 4078057A1 EP 20824194 A EP20824194 A EP 20824194A EP 4078057 A1 EP4078057 A1 EP 4078057A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- refrigerant
- evaporator
- heat pump
- pump according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
- F25B41/24—Arrangement of shut-off valves for disconnecting a part of the refrigerant cycle, e.g. an outdoor part
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
- F28F3/042—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
- F28F3/042—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element
- F28F3/044—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element the deformations being pontual, e.g. dimples
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
- F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
- F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat pump with a refrigerant telnikank with a compressor, an expansion element, a condenser and an evaporator, which are connected to refrigerant lines, and a refrigerant contained in the refrigerant circuit, which can be circulated by means of the compressor in the refrigerant circuit.
- Flammable refrigerants are often used in the refrigerant circuits of heat pumps, as these are considered more environmentally friendly than previously used refrigerants.
- newer, especially flammable refrigerants often increased safety requirements must be observed and appropriate measures must be met, such as special requirements for the installation site, which make the manufacture and operation of these heat pumps more expensive. This is all the more noticeable the more refrigerant is used.
- the object on which the present invention is based is to provide a heat pump with a refrigerant circuit which has the described overcomes its disadvantages and enables the amount of refrigerant to be reduced while the performance figures are still acceptable, thereby reducing refrigerant costs and lowering the requirements for the necessary safety concepts.
- a heat pump is proposed with a refrigerant circuit with a compressor, an expansion device, a condenser and an evaporator, which are connected to refrigerant lines, and a refrigerant contained in the refrigerant circuit, which can be circulated by means of the compressor in the refrigerant circuit.
- the condenser and the evaporator comprise heat exchangers with a refrigerant side and a media side, the heat exchanger of the condenser being a plate heat exchanger and the heat exchanger of the evaporator being a plate heat exchanger or a lamellar tube heat exchanger.
- the heat exchangers from the condenser and / or the evaporator are designed asymmetrically between the refrigerant side and the media side in such a way that the volume of the refrigerant side is reduced by at least 10% compared to the volume of the media side.
- the asymmetrical design of the heat exchanger according to the invention leads to a noticeable reduction in the amount of refrigerant required and to a reduction in the requirements for security-related measures with acceptable performance figures.
- Heat pumps can be designed as brine-water heat pumps, water-water heat pumps or air-water heat pumps, for example.
- the evaporator's heat exchanger is often designed as a plate heat exchanger, whereas in air-to-water heat pumps it is usually a lamellar tube heat exchanger.
- the plates of the heat exchanger of the condenser and / or of the evaporator have an arrow embossing with an arrow angle of at least 45 ° (“high” embossing).
- a high sweep angle or embossing angle causes a strong deflection of the fluid, which can possibly lead to a higher coefficient of performance and a greater pressure loss as a result.
- the invention provides that the inner diameter of the tubes of the lamellar tube heat exchanger is 3 to 7 mm and their outer diameter is 3.5 to 7.5 mm, whereby a reduction in the amount of refrigerant is achieved here as well.
- the inside of the tubes of the lamellar tube heat exchanger is provided with ribs.
- the heat pump according to the invention can comprise an internal heat exchanger which is designed as a plate heat exchanger.
- the inner heat exchanger has plates which have an arrow embossing with an arrow angle or embossing angle of less than 45 °.
- the inner heat exchanger can be designed with dimple embossing instead of an arrow embossing. Dimple embossing enables a reduction in pressure losses on the media side of the heat exchanger and a reduction in the amount of refrigerant.
- the internal heat exchanger is configured asymmetrically in such a way that a volume of the liquid side is reduced compared to the volume of the gas side. This results in a further reduction in the amount of refrigerant.
- a further reduction in the amount of refrigerant can be achieved by making the internal diameter of the liquid lines, in particular the refrigerant lines, as small as possible.
- the flow velocity in the liquid lines is at least 0.5 m / s but at most 3.5 m / s.
- the minimum flow velocity is preferably not less than 0.05 m / s, 0.3 m / s or a value between 0.05 m / s and 0.3 m / s.
- the heat pump according to the invention comprises a controller which is connected to an inverter which controls the compressor and which is connected to the expansion element.
- This regulator is designed to control the compressor and the expansion element in such a way that the flow rate in the liquid lines, in particular in the refrigerant lines, is at most 3.5 m / s.
- Figure 1a a circuit diagram of a refrigeration circuit of a heat pump according to the invention with an evaporator as a plate heat exchanger and with an internal heat exchanger
- Figure 1b a circuit diagram of a refrigeration circuit of a heat pump according to the invention with an evaporator as a plate heat exchanger
- Figure 1c a circuit diagram of a refrigeration circuit of a heat pump according to the invention with an evaporator as a lamellar tube heat exchanger,
- Figure 1d a circuit diagram of a refrigeration circuit of a heat pump according to the invention, with an evaporator as a lamellar tube heat exchanger and with an internal heat exchanger,
- FIG. 2a a schematic enlarged sectional view of a symmetrical plate heat exchanger
- Figure 2b a schematic enlarged sectional view of an asymmetrical plate heat exchanger
- FIG. 2c a schematic enlarged sectional view of a sheet metal of an asymmetrical plate heat exchanger
- Figure 2d a schematic enlarged three-dimensional sectional view of a sheet of an asymmetrical plate heat exchanger
- Figure 3a a section of a plate of a plate heat exchanger, with a herringbone toothing with an angle of sweep less than 45 °
- Figure 3b a section of a plate of a plate heat exchanger, with a herringbone toothing with a sweep angle greater than 45 °
- Figure 4 a section of a plate of a plate heat exchanger, with a dimple embossing
- FIG. 5 a partial view of a refrigerant circuit
- FIG. 6 a raw routing of the refrigerant circuit.
- the refrigeration circuit 100 comprises at least one compressor 10, an expansion element 20, a condenser 30, an evaporator 40 and, depending on the design, an internal heat exchanger 50 and a 4-way switch valve 60.
- the gaseous refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and fed to the heat transfer device 32 of the condenser 30, where it is cooled and liquefied.
- the liquefied refrigerant is then expanded at the expansion element 20 according to FIGS. 1b and 1c.
- subcooling initially takes place in the internal heat exchanger 50.
- the refrigerant is then passed through the heat exchanger 42 of the evaporator 40, where it is evaporated and superheated in order to then be fed back to the compressor 10 (FIGS. 1b and 1c).
- FIGS. 1a and 1d following an evaporation in the evaporator 40, there is optionally a further evaporation, as well as an overheating in the inner heat exchanger 50.
- the refrigeration circuit 100 also has the 4-way switch valve 60.
- An internal heat exchanger 50 is integrated in the refrigerant circuit 100, as shown in FIGS. 1a and 1d.
- the 4-way switch valve 60 can still be used to defrost the heat exchanger 42 of the evaporator 40.
- the 4-way switch valve 60 is switched so that there is a direct connection between the compressor 10 and the heat exchanger 42 of the evaporator 40 and a further connection between the heat exchanger 32 of the condenser 30 and the inner one running in the direction of flow of the refrigerant Heat exchanger 50 creates.
- the direction of flow of the refrigerant through the compressor 10 while maintaining the direction of flow of the refrigerant through the compressor 10, the direction of flow of the refrigerant through the other components of the refrigerant circuit 100 is reversed.
- FIG. 2a shows a schematic enlarged sectional view of a symmetrical plate heat exchanger.
- a plate heat exchanger consists of a number of plates P n which have such an imprint that channels with volumes VM, VK of identical size through which a fluid can flow arise between adjacent plates.
- the channels formed on both sides of an individual plate P n can have the same or different volumes VM, VK.
- the ducts are of identical size, as can be seen in FIG. 2a, it is a symmetrical plate heat exchanger. That is, the volume V K of the refrigerant contained in the plate heat exchanger and the volume VM of the medium, that is to say of the fluid that absorbs heat from the refrigerant or gives it off, are the same size, as shown in FIG. 2a.
- the refrigerant circuit 100 of the heat pump according to the present invention comprises a condenser 30 and an evaporator 40, each of which includes a heat exchanger 32, 42, wherein at least the heat exchanger 32 of the condenser 30 can be designed in the form of an asymmetrical plate heat exchanger (see. 1).
- the asymmetry is at least 10%, ie the volume V K of the refrigerant is at least 10% smaller than the volume V M of the medium.
- Figures 2c and 2d show plates Pn.
- FIGS. 3a and 3b the arrow embossing shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b or a dimple embossing as shown in FIG. 4 are used as embossing.
- the arrow or embossing angle ß determines the amount of pressure loss between the inlet and outlet side of the plate heat exchanger.
- a dimple embossing as can be seen in FIG. 4, enables not only a low pressure loss in the heat exchanger but also a reduction in the amount of refrigerant.
- a plurality of capillary tubes 49 preferably with an inner diameter of preferably 0.5 to 3 mm, extend from the distributor 48 to the evaporator tubes 44, as shown in FIG.
- the inner diameter of the tubes 44 of the lamellar tube heat exchanger 42 is 3 to 7 mm and their outer diameter is 3.5 to 7.5 mm.
- ribs can be arranged on the inside of the tubes 44 of the lamellar tube heat exchanger 42 in order to further improve the heat transfer between the refrigerant and the fluid.
- the components of the refrigerant circuit are connected to one another by appropriate lines. In order to further reduce the amount of refrigerant, these should be designed with the smallest possible internal diameter.
- the flow velocity in the refrigerant lines should not exceed a value of 3.5 m / s and, in the sense of a refrigerant reduction, a value of 0.5 m / s with a maximum output of the heat pump or a maximum speed of the compressor.
- the following formula applies to the design of the inner diameter of the pipes:
- the heat exchanger 32 of the condenser 30 of the refrigeration circuit 100 is designed as an asymmetrical plate heat exchanger, as described in connection with Figure 2b, in particular in the case of brine-water heat pumps, water-water heat pumps or Air-to-water heat pumps.
- the heat exchanger 42 of the evaporator 40 is a lamellar tube heat exchanger, as described in FIG.
- the heat exchanger 42 of the evaporator 40 can also be used as an asymmetrical plate heat exchanger (FIG. 2b) be designed, especially in the case of brine-to-water heat pumps or water-to-water heat pumps.
- the inner heat exchanger 50 is also designed as a plate heat exchanger and has a dimple embossing according to FIG. But it is also possible that this is provided with an arrow embossing.
- the plate heat exchanger 50 can be a symmetrical or an asymmetrical plate heat exchanger.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019008914.6A DE102019008914A1 (de) | 2019-12-20 | 2019-12-20 | Wärmepumpe mit optimiertem Kältemittelkreislauf |
| PCT/EP2020/085309 WO2021122231A1 (de) | 2019-12-20 | 2020-12-09 | Wärmepumpe mit optimiertem kältemittelkreislauf |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4078057A1 true EP4078057A1 (de) | 2022-10-26 |
| EP4078057B1 EP4078057B1 (de) | 2024-02-07 |
Family
ID=73834514
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20824194.3A Active EP4078057B1 (de) | 2019-12-20 | 2020-12-09 | Wärmepumpe mit optimiertem kältemittelkreislauf |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4078057B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN114902010B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102019008914A1 (de) |
| PL (1) | PL4078057T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021122231A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022004895A1 (ja) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-01-06 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 圧縮機における冷媒としての使用、圧縮機、および、冷凍サイクル装置 |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000193390A (ja) * | 1998-12-25 | 2000-07-14 | Daikin Ind Ltd | プレ―ト式熱交換器 |
| DE19948222C2 (de) * | 1999-10-07 | 2002-11-07 | Xcellsis Gmbh | Plattenwärmetauscher |
| JP2003021475A (ja) * | 2001-07-05 | 2003-01-24 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 熱交換器及びヒートポンプ式給湯機 |
| JP3781046B2 (ja) * | 2004-07-01 | 2006-05-31 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
| ATE350639T1 (de) * | 2004-08-28 | 2007-01-15 | Swep Int Ab | Plattenwärmetauscher |
| WO2009065233A1 (de) * | 2007-11-21 | 2009-05-28 | Remo Meister | Anlage für die kälte-, heiz- oder klimatechnik, insbesondere kälteanlagen |
| FR2948990A1 (fr) * | 2009-08-04 | 2011-02-11 | Mobile Comfort Holding | Dispositif thermodynamique multi-energie modulaire |
| SE534918C2 (sv) * | 2010-06-24 | 2012-02-14 | Alfa Laval Corp Ab | Värmeväxlarplatta och plattvärmeväxlare |
| JP5413433B2 (ja) * | 2010-11-09 | 2014-02-12 | 株式会社デンソー | 熱交換器 |
| DE202011110052U1 (de) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-03-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Plattenwärmetauscher |
| DE102012105144B4 (de) * | 2012-06-14 | 2021-12-02 | Gea Wtt Gmbh | Plattenwärmetauscher in asymmetrischer Ausführung |
| EP3165852B1 (de) * | 2015-11-09 | 2021-06-09 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Wärmepumpe mit frostschutz |
| DE102016102690A1 (de) * | 2016-02-16 | 2017-08-17 | Miele & Cie. Kg | Wärmeübertrager für einen Kältemittelkreis einer Wärmepumpe für ein Haushaltsgerät und Wärmepumpe für ein Haushaltsgerät |
| DK3306253T3 (da) * | 2016-10-07 | 2019-07-22 | Alfa Laval Corp Ab | Varmevekslerplade og varmeveksler |
| DE102018002201B4 (de) * | 2018-03-19 | 2021-03-18 | EAW Energieanlagenbau GmbH Westenfeld | Wasser-Lithiumbromid-Absorptionskälteanlage |
-
2019
- 2019-12-20 DE DE102019008914.6A patent/DE102019008914A1/de active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-12-09 EP EP20824194.3A patent/EP4078057B1/de active Active
- 2020-12-09 WO PCT/EP2020/085309 patent/WO2021122231A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2020-12-09 CN CN202080088779.0A patent/CN114902010B/zh active Active
- 2020-12-09 PL PL20824194.3T patent/PL4078057T3/pl unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114902010A (zh) | 2022-08-12 |
| WO2021122231A1 (de) | 2021-06-24 |
| EP4078057B1 (de) | 2024-02-07 |
| DE102019008914A1 (de) | 2021-06-24 |
| PL4078057T3 (pl) | 2024-07-01 |
| CN114902010B (zh) | 2025-11-25 |
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