EP4077891A1 - Boisseau en deux parties coaxiales, et moteur a source chaude externe comprenant celui-ci - Google Patents
Boisseau en deux parties coaxiales, et moteur a source chaude externe comprenant celui-ciInfo
- Publication number
- EP4077891A1 EP4077891A1 EP20838058.4A EP20838058A EP4077891A1 EP 4077891 A1 EP4077891 A1 EP 4077891A1 EP 20838058 A EP20838058 A EP 20838058A EP 4077891 A1 EP4077891 A1 EP 4077891A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- orifice
- plug
- working chamber
- guide part
- mouth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 139
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L7/00—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements
- F01L7/02—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly shaped valves
- F01L7/026—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly shaped valves with two or more rotary valves, their rotational axes being parallel, e.g. 4-stroke
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L7/00—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements
- F01L7/02—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly shaped valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L7/00—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements
- F01L7/02—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly shaped valves
- F01L7/021—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly shaped valves with one rotary valve
- F01L7/023—Cylindrical valves having a hollow or partly hollow body allowing axial inlet or exhaust fluid circulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L7/00—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements
- F01L7/02—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly shaped valves
- F01L7/027—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly shaped valves with two or more valves arranged coaxially
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2242/00—Ericsson-type engines having open regenerative cycles controlled by valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2242/00—Ericsson-type engines having open regenerative cycles controlled by valves
- F02G2242/40—Piston-type engines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a valve for an external hot source engine of the type comprising: at least one cylinder, at least one piston, a cylinder head, a working chamber for a working gas, a distribution comprising said valve and selectively making communicate the working chamber with different resources.
- the bushel has two coaxial parts:
- a working gas guiding part comprising internal passages opening radially through at least one mouth which communicates selectively with the working chamber by at least one slot made in the cylinder head, and
- a working gas distribution part mobile and disposed at the periphery of the guide part, comprising at least one window which selectively communicates the working chamber with at least one of said internal passages so that the gas from work selectively flows between the work chamber and the various resources. It also relates to an external hot source engine equipped with said plug.
- External hot-source engines for example of the Ericsson type, are experiencing renewed interest and development, with the aim of reducing pollutant emissions or reducing energy consumption by upgrading heat emissions.
- This type of engine works between two heat sources external to the engine through exchangers. It uses valves to control the flow of working fluid (in gas phase) between two chambers, one for compression and the other for expansion.
- valves actuated by cams For positive displacement machines such as in particular internal combustion piston engines, distributions are also known using valves actuated by cams. This type of distribution has various limitations. In particular, the pressure on the face of the valve opposite to the working chamber must be low. In addition, the maximum valve lift is low if the duration (measured in degrees of cam rotation angle) of valve opening is short. In addition, the cam drive consumes energy.
- Positive displacement machines such as compressors, which use a valve distribution.
- This solution requires that the pressure differential on each valve always have, at each stage of the operating cycle of the machine, an appropriate value and direction so that the valve is in the state - open or closed - necessary for the considered stage of the cycle.
- Patent application FR 3,069,884 discloses an external hot source motor comprising plugs. Each plug is rotatably mounted in the cylinder head and has internal passages opening out through its side wall by at least one mouth which communicates selectively with the working chamber by at least one slot made in the cylinder head. Each bushel is made in one piece.
- the plug offers a larger passage section for the working gas and makes it possible to reduce the pressure losses between the working chamber and resources. Although satisfactory, this type of dispenser has the following drawbacks:
- the object of the present invention is to provide an external hot source motor making it possible to remedy at least in part the problems mentioned above. It also aims to provide a compact motor. Disclosure of the invention
- a plug for an external hot source motor of the type comprising:
- cylinder head defining, with the piston and the cylinder, a working chamber for a working gas
- a distribution comprising said plug, mounted in the cylinder head and selectively communicating the working chamber with different resources.
- the plug is characterized in that it comprises two coaxial parts:
- a working gas guiding part comprising internal passages opening radially through at least one mouth which selectively communicates with the working chamber by at least one slot made in the cylinder head, and
- a working gas distribution part arranged on the periphery of the guide part and movable relative to the guide part, the distribution part comprising at least one window which selectively communicates the working chamber with at at least one of said internal passages so that the working gas selectively flows between the working chamber and the different resources.
- the valve according to the invention has the advantages of simultaneously limiting the thermal losses and the pressure drops, and ensuring better continuity of the flow between the working chamber and the hot resource, thus making it possible to improve the efficiency. and / or the performance of an external hot source engine equipped with said plug.
- plug By plug is meant a cylindrical device comprising internal passages in which the working gas can circulate.
- An internal passage is for example a duct.
- the plug is arranged so that its axis of rotation is perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder above which it is arranged.
- the plug is located between the working chamber and an exchanger along the path of the working gas.
- the plug presented here has the particularity of comprising two coaxial parts: a guide part and a distribution part surrounding the guide part.
- the rotary movement of one part and / or the other part among the guide part and the valve part distribution is / are synchronized with the reciprocating movement of the piston, so that the working gas can pass through the plug via the internal passages, and thus distribute the gas between the working chamber and the exchanger.
- each internal passage communicates with at least two openings made through the side wall of the guide part of the plug, each opening being located at one of the two ends of the internal passage.
- the working gas flows between the working chamber and the cold inlet of the exchanger, passing through at least one light of the cylinder head, at least one internal passage of the guide part of the plug and at least one opening of the distribution part of the plug.
- Called mouth an opening located at one end of the guide part of the plug.
- the mouthpiece selectively coincides with at least one lumen in the breech.
- window an opening of the distribution part of the valve.
- a window selectively coincides with at least one lumen and at least one mouth.
- a window can coincide with at least one orifice.
- orifice is used to refer to an opening located at another end of the guide part of the plug. The orifice is located opposite the mouth.
- mouth and orifice correspond to, or qualify, openings made through the side wall of the guide part of the valve.
- the term mouthpiece is used to describe each opening capable of communicating with the lumen of the breech for the passage of the working gas from the working chamber to the plug or vice versa.
- a mouth is always made through the peripheral wall of the guide part, also called the circumferential wall.
- the term orifice is used to describe each opening capable of communicating with a fitting for the passage of working gas from the plug to the fitting or vice versa.
- An orifice can be made through the peripheral wall of the guide part, also called the circumferential wall, or through the transverse wall of the guide part.
- a mouthpiece cannot be used as an orifice and vice versa. For this, in the case where the orifice is made on the peripheral wall of the guide part, at least one mouth is offset axially with respect to the at least one orifice.
- window corresponds to, or qualifies, an opening made through the side wall of the distribution part of the valve.
- the term window is used to qualify each opening capable of communicating with the lumen of the breech and a mouthpiece, for the passage of the working gas from the working chamber to the plug or vice versa.
- the term window is used to qualify each opening capable of communicating with an orifice and a fitting, for the passage of the working gas from the plug to the fitting or vice versa.
- a window can be produced through the peripheral wall of the dispensing part, also called the circumferential wall, or through the transverse wall of the dispensing part.
- hot and cold are understood to mean a relative meaning simply that a hot element, for example a hot mouthpiece or a hot orifice, is generally hotter than a cold element, by example a cold mouth or a cold orifice, when the engine is running.
- side wall is understood to mean, referring to the guide part or the distribution part, on the one hand a peripheral wall, also called the circumferential wall, which extends along a cylindrical face of said part, or on the other hand a transverse wall, also called the axial face of said part, which extends along a flat face of said part.
- the valve distribution system makes it possible to provide a large working gas passage section, in particular as soon as a mouth begins to coincide with a window of the distribution part and with a lumen of the cylinder head. Since the rotational speed of the plug is substantially constant, the passage section increases rapidly, for example linearly, until the mouthpiece perfectly matches the lumen of the breech.
- thermodynamic cycle of the four-stroke type, according to:
- At least one lumen of the cylinder head is capable of communicating with two internal passages of the guide part of the plug which open out through the peripheral wall of the guide part by two mouths aligned circumferentially, according to the angular position of the distribution part.
- Said two internal passages are, one, a passage through which the working gas enters the working chamber, and the other, a passage through which the working gas leaves the working chamber.
- the bushel comprises:
- the distribution is arranged so that, towards the end of the compression, the working chamber begins to communicate with the cold end of the exchanger when the pressure in the working chamber is lower than the pressure in the exchanger.
- the cold and compressed working gas and / or during compression enters the in the guide part of the plug, which is fixed, as long as at least a window of the rotating distribution part coincides simultaneously with a part of the mouth and with the lumen so as to circulate the cold and compressed working gas towards the cold end of the exchanger.
- the section of passage between the working chamber and the mouth increases with the rotation of the distribution part of the plug. When the mouth of the plug coincides perfectly with the slot of the breech, the passage section is maximum.
- the major part, at least 50%, of the volume of cold and compressed working gas has then passed through said mouth. Then, due to the rotation of the guide part of the plug and the end of the compression, only part of the mouthpiece coincides with the lumen, so as to circulate the remaining part of the cold and compressed working gas towards the cold end of the exchanger. At the same time, the section of passage between the working chamber and the second mouth, of the second internal passage, increases so that a part of said mouth coincides with the same lumen.
- the working gas leaving the second mouth, and therefore entering the working chamber comes from the hot end of the exchanger after being heated. The working gas thus makes a loop passing through the same lumen of the cylinder head but through different internal passages of the plug.
- the section of the lumen is at least equal to the sum of the sections of the hot and cold mouths.
- the section of the lumen is at least equal to the sum of the sections of the hot and cold mouths and of the cross section of the wall separating the hot mouth from the cold mouth.
- the two neighboring mouths are aligned circumferentially and offset by an angle of between 5 and 15 degrees.
- angular values are indicated for a rotational speed of the plug of between 1000 and 3000 rev / min (revolutions per minute), from preferably between 2000 and 3000 rpm (revolutions per minute).
- the nominal pressure in the heat exchanger can be between 4 and 5 bar absolute and the heat transfer fluid can have a temperature between 500 ° C and 900 ° C (degrees Celsius).
- the guide part is fixed relative to the motor. Since most of the bushel is static, the gases are on the one hand less disturbed when they flow through the bushel. In addition, the heat of the hot gases is on the other hand less dissipated by convection and / or conduction from the internal and / or external surface of the internal passage (s) of the valve, or from the external surface of the valve opposite the cylinder head. In particular, the heat of the hot gases is dissipated less by convection and / or conduction of the internal and / or external surface of the internal passage (s) of the valve compared to the internal passage (s) in which / which cold gases flow.
- hot gas relative to cold gas is meant a hot gas which has a higher temperature than that of a cold gas. This makes it possible to limit or avoid the reduction in the temperature difference between the hot part of the bushel and the cold part of the bushel; the principle of the motor residing on the temperature difference between the hot source and the cold source.
- the guide part comprises at least one orifice, arranged at the end of an internal passage opposite to the at least one mouth, so that the internal passages open out through a wall of the part of guiding the valve through at least one orifice which allows the internal passage to communicate with a corresponding fixed connector.
- a fixed connection connects the motor with a resource, for example a cold or hot end of an exchanger.
- the at least one orifice is arranged on a peripheral wall of the guide part.
- This characteristic has the advantage of causing the gases to pass radially in the plug and thus makes it possible to limit the distance the gases travel between the working chamber and the resources.
- the guide part may include two orifices, a cold orifice and a hot orifice, arranged on the peripheral wall.
- the at least one orifice comprises two orifices: an orifice arranged on a peripheral wall of the guide part and an orifice arranged on a transverse wall of the guide part.
- the at least one orifice comprises two orifices: an orifice, called cold orifice, arranged on a peripheral wall of the guide part and an orifice, called hot orifice, arranged on a transverse wall of the guide part.
- This characteristic has the advantage of limiting the heat transfers between the internal passages, in which hot gases and cold gases respectively flow, from the internal passage containing a hot gas to an internal passage containing a cold gas or vice versa, because the distance of the hot orifice from the cold orifice.
- the at least one orifice is arranged on a transverse wall of the guide part.
- This characteristic has the advantage of leaving at least one orifice constantly open, and thus of limiting the pressure drop.
- the guide part may have two orifices, a cold orifice and a hot orifice, arranged on a transverse wall.
- the two orifices can be arranged on the same transverse wall, or on the same axial face.
- each orifice is arranged on a separate opposite transverse wall.
- the dispensing part is of generally tubular shape.
- the dispensing portion includes at least one radially directed window arranged and configured to, during rotation of said portion, selectively align with at least one mouth of the guide portion of the plug.
- the dispensing part is of generally tubular shape, and the dispensing part comprises at least one window arranged and configured to selectively align, during a rotation of said part, with at minus one orifice in the guide part of the plug.
- the distribution part is of generally tubular shape, and the distribution part comprises at least one window directed radially and arranged to selectively align. with at least one mouth, and at least one window directed radially and arranged to align with at least one orifice.
- the dispensing part may further comprise, for a cylinder, the same radially directed window, selectively communicating one or the other of two internal passages with the working chamber.
- the dispensing part comprises, for a cylinder, a single window directed radially.
- the at least one mouthpiece comprises two em- plugs for the same internal passage, capable of communicating simultaneously with the working chamber, by two lights.
- Each mouthpiece can coincide with a lumen.
- the gas passes through the two openings of the high pressure valve passing through the two ports of the cylinder head so that the flow is split in half to pass through the two lumens and the two mouths, forming two lines of flow. After the two mouths, each flow line circulates in a duct opening into a common duct.
- the internal passage is in fact the shape of a Y according to this particular embodiment.
- the lights and the mouths have a rectangular shape to limit the pressure drops.
- At least one of the mouths is subdivided by at least one mullion.
- This feature allows for supporting gaskets, placed on the breech, when at least one mouthpiece passes a lumen in the breech.
- the mullions can equip both the mouths of the low pressure plug and those of the high pressure plug.
- mullion is understood to mean a bar intended to subdivide only the mouth without protruding inside the bushel (without subdividing the internal passage). It extends circumferentially to connect two longitudinal sides of a mouthpiece so as to extend the circumference of the plug.
- At least one passage comprises two passages leading in parallel to the same resource, each capable of communicating simultaneously with a respective lumen of the cylinder head.
- This characteristic makes it possible to provide a large passage section for the working gas. For example, during the return of the working gas from the hot end of the exchanger, the flow of the working gas is divided into two flow lines, which circulate in two separate internal passages inside the plug. The two flow lines are divided before entering the two valve ports and meet after the two ports exit the cylinder head.
- the guide part comprises at least one cavity arranged between the internal passages of the guide part, the cavity forming an axially directed pipe.
- This cavity can make it possible to introduce a gas in order to heat the internal passages.
- an external hot source engine comprising:
- cylinder head defining, with the piston and the cylinder, a working chamber for a working gas
- a distribution mounted in the cylinder head and selectively communicating the working chamber with the following resources:
- the engine comprises a second valve, said low pressure, controlling the selective communication of the working chamber with the inlet and the exhaust, the second valve comprising internal passages opening radially through at least one mouth which communicates selectively with the chamber working by at least one light made in the cylinder head,
- the second valve comprises a radially directed orifice and an axially directed orifice, each orifice being arranged at the end of the corresponding internal passage opposite its mouth,
- the second valve is a low pressure valve controlling the selective communication of the working chamber with the inlet and the exhaust
- the first valve is a high pressure valve controlling the selective communication of the working chamber with the hot ends and cold of the exchanger
- the bushels may have identical diameters, making it possible to simplify the construction of the engine,
- the plugs may have different diameters, for example the first so-called high pressure plug may be of a diameter greater than the diameter of the second so-called low pressure plug, this characteristic makes it possible to further enlarge the passage section of the internal passages, going to the interchange and coming back;
- the motor comprises means for driving one of the parts of the valve at a speed proportional to the speed of the motor shaft
- the motor comprises means for driving the distribution part of the valve at a speed proportional to the speed of the motor shaft
- the engine comprises, alternately to the second valve, a valve timing, of the type used for internal combustion engines,
- the motor has two fixed connections, a so-called “high pressure” connection and a so-called “low pressure” connection,
- the high pressure connection includes a cold connection communicating with the cold end of the exchanger and a hot connection communicating with the hot end of the exchanger,
- the low pressure connection includes an inlet connection, communicating with the working gas inlet, and an exhaust connection communicating with the working gas exhaust.
- thermodynamic cycle is carried out in a single cylinder.
- the cylinder head surmounting the working chamber, supports the high pressure plug and the low pressure plug, which are arranged parallel to each other when viewed parallel to the axis of the plug.
- the external hot source engine may include several cylinders such as an internal combustion engine.
- the engine can include at least two cylinders. In this case, it may include all or some of the characteristics described so far.
- the plug is potentially the same for all the cylinders which are arranged in line with each other. According to another embodiment, there is provided one plug per cylinder.
- the engine comprises sealing devices to limit gas leaks.
- the lumens can be surrounded by sealing devices to close the gap between the peripheral wall of the plug and an adjacent surface of the cylinder head all around each lumen.
- the sealing device may include strips of a dry friction material, for example graphite.
- the bars are arranged around the openings of the breech.
- the mouths can be surrounded by sealing devices to close the radial gap between the guide part and the distribution part of the plug.
- an engine assembly comprising an engine according to one or more of the characteristics stated above and a heat exchanger having a path heat receptor extending between a cold end and a hot end selectively connected to the working chamber towards the end of a compression phase and towards the start of a relaxation phase, respectively.
- the working gas circulates in the heat receptor path.
- the exchanger is of the countercurrent type.
- the heat exchanger comprises a heat transfer path traversed in one direction by a heat transfer fluid, which direction is opposite to the direction of travel of the working gas in the heat receptor path.
- the heat transfer path is distinct from the heat receptor path.
- the heat exchanger comprises a heat transfer path traversed by the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine. According to another embodiment, the heat exchanger comprises a heat transfer path traversed by a fluid heated by solar energy.
- Figure 1 comprises two figures la and lb showing two schematic representations of an external hot source engine, comprising two bushels, a low pressure bushel, to the left of each of figures la and lb, and a high pressure valve, to the right of each of Figures la and lb, comprising two coaxial parts according to the invention, a guide part and a distribution part, the high pressure valve being illustrated according to a first embodiment, in which the guide portion comprises internal passages, each internal passage opening radially through a mouthpiece and an orifice, the dispensing part comprising a mouthpiece window directed radially and arranged to selectively align with a mouthpiece, and a mouthpiece window.
- the guide portion comprises internal passages, each internal passage opening radially through a mouthpiece and an orifice
- the dispensing part comprising a mouthpiece window directed radially and arranged to selectively align with a mouthpiece, and a mouthpiece window.
- FIG. 2 comprises three FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c showing three schematic representations of an engine according to FIG. 1, the engine and exchanger assembly also being seen in section during three main phases of engine operation: FIG. 2a illustrating a phase of the end of compression of the working gas and during which the gas is also directed towards a cold end of the heat exchanger, FIG. 2b illustrating a phase in which a plug has a so-called “scanning" position which allows simultaneous fluid communication of the cold end and the hot end of the exchanger with the engine cylinder, the FIG. 2c illustrating a phase of expansion of the working gas after it has passed through the exchanger;
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view of an engine comprising a low pressure valve, to the right of the figure, and a high pressure valve, to the left of the figure, comprising two coaxial parts, the section plane being perpendicular to the axes of the plugs, FIG. 3 illustrating an end phase of compression of the working gas and showing the position of the various moving parts including the angular position of the plugs, in particular the angular position of the distribution part relatively to the guide part of the high pressure valve, the position of the dispensing part being such that a window is angularly offset by a few degrees relative to a cold mouth;
- FIG. 4 is a zoom of the high pressure valve of Figure 3;
- Figure 5 is a zoom of the high pressure valve according to Figures 3 and
- FIG. 5 illustrating a position in which the window of the dispensing part is centered relative to a cold mouth
- Figure 6 is a zoom of the high pressure valve according to Figures 3 and
- FIG. 6 illustrating a position in which the window of the dispensing part is angularly offset by a few degrees relative to a cold mouth and also to a hot mouth;
- Figure 7 is a zoom of the high pressure valve according to Figures 3 and
- FIG. 7 illustrating a position in which the window of the dispensing part is centered relative to a hot mouthpiece
- FIG. 8 is a zoom of the high pressure valve according to Figures 3 and
- Fig. 8 illustrating a position in which the window of the dispensing part is angularly offset a few degrees relative to a hot mouth so that said window of the dispensing part no longer coincides with the hot mouth;
- FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of a high pressure plug according to a second embodiment of the invention, the plug comprising a distribution part and a guide part, the part of guide comprising two cold mouthpieces and two hot mouthpieces, the distribution part comprising only two windows, called mouthpiece windows, the distribution part being provided to cover the guide part of the plug;
- Figure 10 is an exploded perspective view of a plug according to the same embodiment as Figure 9, the guide part comprising an orifice, said cold orifice, arranged on the circumferential wall, the distribution part comprising a window, called the orifice window, arranged on the circumferential wall;
- FIG. 11 is a view in longitudinal section of the engine having a high pressure plug according to the embodiment of Figures 9 and 10, the sectional plane passing through the axis of said plug and through the axis of the piston, Figure 11 illustrating a phase during which the working gas is in communication with one of the cold ends of the heat exchanger;
- Figure 12 is a zoom of the high pressure valve according to Figures 9, 10 and 11, illustrating a phase during which the working gas is directed to a cold end of the heat exchanger , or else, during which the working gas, coming from a hot end of the heat exchanger, is directed towards the working chamber;
- Figure 13 is a zoom of the high pressure valve according to Figures 9, 10 and 11, illustrating a phase during which the working gas, coming from a hot end of the heat exchanger heat, is directed towards the working chamber, or else, during which the working gas is directed towards a cold end of the heat exchanger;
- FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view of a high pressure plug according to a third embodiment of the invention, the plug comprising a distribution part and a guide part, the part of guide comprising two cold mouthpieces and two hot mouthpieces, the distribution part comprising two windows, called mouthpiece windows, the distribution part being provided to cover the guide part of the plug;
- FIG. 15 comprises two FIGS. 15a and 15b showing two perspective views of a guide part of a plug according to the embodiment of FIG. 14, in which two orifices are arranged on a transverse wall, the plug being provided for an engine comprising a cylinder, FIG. 15a showing the plug in transparency so as to visualize the internal passages;
- Figure 16 is a longitudinal sectional view of an engine having a high pressure plug according to Figures 14 and 15, the section plane passing through the axis of said plug and through the axis of piston, FIG. 16 illustrating a phase during which the working gas is directed towards a cold end of the heat exchanger. Description of the embodiments
- variants of the invention comprising only a selection of characteristics described below isolated from the other characteristics described (even if this selection is isolated within (a sentence comprising these other characteristics), if this selection of characteristics is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the prior art.
- This selection comprises at least one characteristic preferably functional without structural details, and / or with only a part of the structural details if this part alone is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the prior art.
- Figures la, lb, 2a, 2b and 2c illustrate the main phases of operation of an external hot source motor 1, and will allow to describe the motor comprising bushels according to one embodiment.
- the motor includes:
- a movable piston 3 arranged to move back and forth in the cylinder 2
- a cylinder head 4 covering the engine block above cylinder 2, a working chamber 5 being delimited for a working gas, typically air, in cylinder 2 between piston 3 and cylinder head 4,
- the engine is connected to a heat exchanger 6 for heat exchange between the working gas, called heat-receiving fluid, and a heat transfer fluid.
- the heat exchanger 6 is of the countercurrent type. It includes a heat transfer path 61 traversed by the heat transfer fluid from left to right. It further comprises a heat-receiver path 62, shown under the heat-transfer path 61, with reference to Figures 1a to 2c, so that the working gas travels the heat-receiver path from right to left.
- the heat transfer path is distinct from the heat transfer path.
- the heat transfer fluid is, for example, the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine.
- the heat exchanger 6 is connected to the engine via fittings 60, see Figures 11 and 16, and pipes so as to be able to circulate the working gas from the engine to the exchanger and vice versa.
- fittings 60 see Figures 11 and 16, and pipes so as to be able to circulate the working gas from the engine to the exchanger and vice versa.
- one or more fittings or pipes are connected to the engine to provide the intake and exhaust.
- the distribution comprises two bushels, a first bushel 10, called a "high pressure” bushel, and a second bushel 30, called a “low pressure” bushel, mounted in the cylinder head 4, above the working chamber 5.
- Each bushel has the general shape of a cylinder.
- the axes of the two plugs are parallel to each other and orthogonal to the axis of cylinder 2.
- the low pressure plug 30 is arranged and configured to control the selective communication of the working chamber 5 with the inlet A and the exhaust D.
- the high pressure valve 10 is arranged and configured to control the selective communication of the working chamber 5 with the hot C and cold B ends of the exchanger 6.
- the high pressure plug 10 is used only to control the circulation of the working gas between the working chamber and the exchanger.
- the low pressure valve 30 is used only to control the intake and the exhaust. This characteristic makes it possible to simplify the construction of the engine by separating the so-called “high pressure” flows and the so-called “low pressure” flows and to reduce its bulk.
- the plugs have, for example, but not necessarily identical diameters making it possible to simplify the construction of the engine.
- the low pressure valve 30 is made in one piece or in one piece and is rotatably mounted in the cylinder head 4.
- the high pressure valve 10 is made in two coaxial parts: a so-called "guide” part 11 and a part. said "distribution" 16.
- the guide portion 11 has a generally cylindrical shape and is fixed relative to the cylinder head 4.
- the distribution portion 16 has a generally tubular shape which surrounds the guide portion 11 and which is rotatable relative to the cylinder head. guide part.
- the distribution part 16 of the high pressure valve is rotatably mounted in the cylinder head 4. Only the distribution part is rotatable as regards the high pressure valve.
- Each plug 10, 30 comprises internal passages for conducting the working gas between the working chamber 5 and the resources.
- Each internal passage has two ends which open out through the side wall of a plug, each through at least one opening.
- the distribution is arranged and configured so that the rotary movements of the plugs are synchronized with the reciprocating movement of the piston, so that the working gas can pass through the plugs via the internal passages.
- the openings are arranged and configured to selectively coincide with at least one lumen in the cylinder head and at least one lumen in a fixed connector.
- the opening facing the lumen of the breech is called mouthpiece when the working gas passes between the working chamber and the plug or vice versa.
- the orifice is called the opening opposite a connection when the working gas passes between the valve and said connection or vice versa.
- a mouthpiece cannot be used as an orifice and vice versa.
- the orifices have an axial offset with the mouths.
- the opening facing both a mouth and a lumen is called a mouth window when the working gas passes between the working chamber and the plug or vice versa.
- the orifice window is called the opening opposite both an orifice and a fitting during the passage of the working gas between the valve and said fitting or vice versa.
- the low pressure valve comprises:
- an internal passage comprising a mouth intake and an intake port
- an internal passage comprising an exhaust mouthpiece and an exhaust port
- the guide part of the high pressure valve comprises, according to any embodiment of the guide part:
- the distribution part of the high pressure valve comprises, according to any embodiment of the distribution part, at least one window, called the mouth window, for the transfer of the working gas from the working chamber 5 to the cold end B of the exchanger 6, then for the transfer of the working gas from the hot end C of the exchanger 6 to the working chamber 5.
- FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c schematically illustrate an engine comprising a high pressure valve produced according to a first particular embodiment; said FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c showing a high pressure valve comprising two mouths and two orifices arranged on the peripheral wall of the guide part of the high pressure valve.
- the high pressure valve comprises two cold mouthpieces 21 and two hot mouthpieces 22 arranged on the peripheral wall of the guide part 11, and two mouthpiece windows 17 arranged on the peripheral wall of the distribution part 16, each window 17 being designed to be superposed successively above a cold mouth 21 and then a hot mouth 22, during operation.
- the guide part comprises a single cold mouth and a single hot mouth
- the dispensing part comprises a single mouth window.
- Figure 10 shows a high pressure valve according to Figure 9, rotated by an angle of about 180 degrees, comprising a cold orifice 23 arranged on the peripheral wall of the guide part 11, and a window d orifice 19, said cold orifice window, arranged on the peripheral wall of the dispensing part 16, said window being provided to be superimposed on said orifice during operation.
- the high pressure valve comprises two orifices, a cold orifice 23 and a hot orifice 24 (see FIG.
- FIGS. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 illustrate a first high pressure valve according to one embodiment and seen in section. These figures make it possible to show the rotation of the distribution part of the high pressure plug relative to the guide part of said plug and relative to the cylinder head of the engine, during engine operation in addition to Figures la, lb, 2a, 2b and 2c. In particular, there is shown the angular displacement of a mouthpiece window 17, relative to the cold 21 and hot 22 mouthpieces and relative to the lumen of the breech.
- FIG. la there is illustrated the phase of admission of a working gas into the working chamber 5.
- the synchronization of the piston 3 and the plugs 10, 30 is such that the movement of the piston 3 is descending as the rotation of the low pressure valve 30 allows an inlet port 32 of the low pressure valve to communicate with a lumen of the cylinder head and simultaneously allows an inlet port 34 to communicate with a lumen of a fitting admission.
- the working gas passes through the internal passage between the inlet port 34 and the inlet mouth 32 so as to be admitted into the working chamber 5.
- no mouth of the high pressure valve communicates with a lumen of. the cylinder head.
- the working gas is preferably air taken from the outside environment.
- the low pressure valve 30 When the piston has reached bottom dead center, the low pressure valve 30 has pivoted so that the inlet mouth 32 of the low pressure valve no longer communicates, even partially, with a slot in the cylinder head (excluding any delay in closing admission).
- the dispensing part comprises a window, called the mouth window 17.
- the mouth window 17 the opening length of which is represented by a dotted circular arc, is located in a position angular offset by a few degrees with respect to the cold mouth 21, the opening length of which is represented by a arrow with two opposite points, and with respect to the slot 41 of the breech, so that part of said window begins to fit between the cold mouth 21 and said slot 41.
- FIG. 5 there is illustrated a phase of end compression of the working gas.
- the synchronization of the piston 3 and the plugs 10, 30 is such that the movement of the piston 3 is upward while the rotation of the distribution part 16 of the high pressure plug 10 allows the mouth window 17 to fit radially between a lumen of the breech and a cold mouthpiece 21.
- the mouthpiece window 17 is centered relative to the opening of the cold mouthpiece 21. This position has the effect of communicating the cold mouthpiece 21 of the guide part with the lumen of the cylinder head so that the working gas enters the associated internal passage.
- the synchronization allows a window, called the cold orifice window 19c, to be inserted between the cold orifice 23 and a lumen of a connection of the cold end B of the exchanger 6.
- This position has for effect of communicating the cold orifice 23 and the lumen of a connection of the cold end B of the exchanger 6 so that the working gas enters said connection.
- the working gas passes through the internal passage between the cold mouth 21 and the cold orifice 23 so as to be transferred to the exchanger 6 to be heated.
- no mouth of the low pressure valve communicates with a lumen of the cylinder head.
- the synchronization of the distribution part 16 of the high pressure valve with respect to the rise of the piston during compression is adjusted so as to limit an unfavorable phenomenon of relatively high pressure in the working chamber.
- the synchronization of the piston 3 and the plugs 10, 30 is such that the piston 3 is located at top dead center, or a position close to top dead center, while the rotation of the part. distribution of the high pressure plug 10 allows the mouth window 17 to position itself circumferentially simultaneously partially opposite the cold mouth 21 and partially opposite the hot mouth 22, so to achieve a double circulation of working gas inside the high pressure valve.
- the mouth window 17 is located circumferentially between the cold mouth 21 and the hot mouth 22 so that said window 17 overlaps the wall separating the cold internal passage from the warm internal passage.
- the cold mouth 21 and the hot mouth 22 of the guide portion 11 each coincide at least partially with the same lumen 41 in the breech.
- the synchronization allows the cold orifice window 19c to be positioned partially vis-à-vis the cold orifice 23 and partially with the same lumen of a connection of the cold end B of exchanger 6, which previously.
- a so-called cold internal passage of the guide part allows the working gas to be transferred from the working chamber to the exchanger 6, via the cold end B.
- an orifice window said hot orifice window 19h, to be positioned partially vis-à-vis with a hot orifice 24 and a lumen of a connector of the 'hot end C of the exchanger 6, so as to at least partially coincide the hot orifice 24 with a slot of a connection of the hot end C of the exchanger 6.
- a so-called hot internal passage distinct from the cold internal passage, allows the working gas to be transferred from the exchanger 6, via the hot end C, to the working chamber 5.
- a communication between the cold end B and the hot end C of the exchanger is then established so that part of the incoming working gas and part of the outgoing working gas come into contact and cross.
- Working gas still passes through the internal passage between the cold mouth 21 and the cold orifice 23, and working gas passes through the internal passage between the hot orifice 24 and the hot mouth 22.
- the volume of previously compressed gas is in fact distributed in the path between the cold end B and the hot end C of the exchanger 6, the working gas being heated thanks to the heat transfer fluid present in the heat transfer path 61 of the exchanger 6.
- the heated working gas leaving the hot mouthpiece 22 begins to relax.
- no mouth of the low pressure valve communicates with a lumen of the cylinder head.
- the heated working gas leaving the high pressure valve expands in the working chamber.
- the synchronization of the piston 3 and the high pressure valve 10 is such that the movement of the piston 3 is downward while the rotation of the distribution portion 16 of the high pressure valve 10 allows the mouth window 17 to be inserted radially between the slot 41 of the cylinder head and the hot mouth 22 of the guide part.
- the mouth window 17 is centered relative to the opening of the hot mouth 22. This position has the effect of communicating the hot mouth 22 of the guide portion with the lumen 41 of cylinder head so that working gas can exit the hot internal passage into the working chamber.
- the synchronization of the motor allows the hot orifice window 19h to be inserted between the hot orifice 24 and the lumen of a connection of the hot end C.
- This position has the effect of communicating the hot orifice 24 with the same lumen of a connection of the hot end C of the exchanger 6.
- the working gas passes through the internal passage between the hot orifice 24 and the hot mouth 22 so as to be transferred from the exchanger 6 to the working chamber to be relaxed.
- no mouth of the low pressure valve communicates with a breech light.
- no mouth of the high pressure valve communicates with a lumen in the cylinder head.
- no mouth of the high pressure valve communicates with a lumen of the cylinder head before the piston reaches its bottom dead center.
- FIG. lb there is illustrated a phase of exhaust of the working gas.
- the synchronization of the piston 3 and the plugs 10, 30 is such that the movement of the piston 3 is upward while the rotation of the low pressure plug 30 allows an exhaust port 31 of the low pressure plug to communicate with a lumen in the cylinder head. and simultaneously allows an exhaust port 33 to communicate with a lumen of an exhaust connector.
- the working gas passes through the internal passage between the exhaust mouth 31 and the exhaust port 33 so as to be expelled from the working chamber 5.
- no mouth of the high pressure valve communicates with a lumen of. the cylinder head.
- the rotation, in the direction of clockwise, of the dispensing part is such that the mouth window 17 is angularly offset by a few degrees so that the latter is no longer and is not vis-à-vis, even partially with the hot mouth 22.
- the working gas is discharged into the external environment.
- the low-pressure valve has pivoted so that the exhaust port 31 of the low-pressure valve no longer communicates, even partially, with a light in the cylinder head (excluding any delay in closing the exhaust ).
- the hot mouthpieces 22 and the cold mouthpieces 21 are spaced along the circumference of the valve by a very small angular displacement, for example 5 to 15 degrees.
- the angular travel is chosen so that a light 41 can communicate simultaneously with a cold mouthpiece and a hot mouthpiece.
- each hot mouth has, along the circumference of the plug, an angular opening of between 20 and 50 degrees, preferably between 25 and 35 degrees. Since the motor carries out four main phases and the internal passages are separated by walls of non-zero thickness, these values are chosen according to a compromise between the need for a large flow section of the working gas flow, the reduction of pressure drops and the size (diameter and length of the plug).
- Each cold mouth has, along the circumference of the plug, an angular opening of, for example, between 10 and 40 degrees, preferably between 20 and 30 degrees.
- each lumen has, along the circumference of the receiving surface 40, an angular opening of, for example, between 15 and 30 degrees.
- each orifice has, along the circumference of the plug, an angular opening of between 100 and 350 degrees, preferably between 120 and 150 degrees.
- FIG. 9 Referring to Figures 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13, there is shown a second embodiment of a high pressure valve of the type comprising a guide portion having a radial cold orifice and an axial hot orifice.
- the high pressure valve 10 comprises a guide part 11 having the shape of a cylinder.
- the guide part comprises a base arranged at one end, in order to fix it to the cylinder head.
- the guide part 11 comprises on its peripheral surface two mouths, called cold mouths 21, adjacent and aligned axially. It further comprises two other mouthpieces, called hot mouthpieces 22, adjacent and axially aligned.
- the cold mouthpieces 21 are aligned circumferentially with the hot mouthpieces 22.
- the mouthpieces have a rectangular shape.
- the cold and hot mouthpieces each have a substantially rectangular shape, the longitudinal dimension of which extends in a direction which is parallel to the axis of the plug.
- the shape and opening dimensions of the cold mouthpieces are substantially the same as the shape and the opening dimensions of the hot mouthpieces.
- the high pressure valve 10 comprises a distribution part having the shape of a tube.
- the dispensing part comprises a pivot shaft 26 which is arranged at one end of said dispensing part.
- the dispensing part comprises on its peripheral surface two windows, called mouth windows 17, aligned axially.
- the mouth windows 17 have a shape and opening dimensions substantially identical to the shape and dimensions of the mouths.
- the axial spacing of the windows is identical to that of the mouths 21, 22.
- FIG. 10 represents the plug of FIG. 9 rotated angularly by approximately 180 degrees.
- the guide part 11 comprises on its peripheral surface a single orifice, called the cold orifice 23.
- the cold orifice 23 is offset axially with respect to the cold 21 and hot 22 mouths.
- the cold orifice 23 has a rectangular shape whose longitudinal dimension extends in a direction which is orthogonal or circumferential to the axis of the plug.
- the distribution part 16 comprises on its peripheral surface a window, called the orifice window 19.
- the orifice window 19 has a shape and opening dimensions substantially identical to the shape and opening dimensions of the opening. hot orifice.
- the dispensing part is provided to cover and surround the guide part.
- Figures 11, 12 and 13 show the path of the internal passages of the guide part of the high pressure valve according to Figures 9 and 10.
- the guide part comprises a hot orifice 24 opening onto a transverse end, or axial face, of the guide part.
- FIGS. 11 and 12 each illustrate a phase of transfer of working gas to the cold end of an exchanger, like FIG. 2a, the mouth windows 17 coincide with the cold mouths 21, and the orifice window 19 coincides with the cold orifice 23.
- the internal hot passages In the background, there is shown the internal hot passages.
- This embodiment has the advantage of further dissociating the hot flows from the cold flows and thus of minimizing the heat transfers between these two flows.
- the high pressure valve comprises a guide part having an axial cold orifice and a radial hot orifice.
- FIG. 14 there is shown a third embodiment of a high pressure valve of the type comprising a guide portion having an axial cold orifice and an axial hot orifice.
- This embodiment will be described in its differences with the above embodiment.
- the cold 23 and hot 24 orifices are each arranged on a face or transverse end of the guide part 11.
- the path of the cold and hot internal passages is respectively such that the conduits extend from two mouths and meet to form a single duct which opens out at an axial end of the guide part 11, see figure 16.
- the internal hot and cold passages are arranged in the guide part in a substantially symmetrical manner with respect to to a plane passing through the axis of the guide part.
- the absence of a radially arranged orifice allows a high pressure valve of a shorter length compared to the other embodiments. Further, the dispensing part only includes mouth windows.
- each mouth comprises a mullion 25 dividing the opening of the mouth in two.
- two conduits extend from a mouth, see Figures 15 and 16.
- the distribution part 16 is driven in rotation by a pulley 28 which sets the distribution part 16 in motion by means of the pivot shaft 26, see figures 11, 12, 13 and 16.
- the guide part 11 comprises a cavity 27 arranged between the hot and cold internal passages, see Figures 11 and 16.
- the cavity 27 is intended to receive and store a hot gas. This feature makes it possible to maintain the highest possible temperature for the working gases coming from the hot end of the exchanger and heading towards the working chamber.
- the high pressure valve comprises sealing devices arranged between the guide part and the distribution part.
- the sealing devices have the shape of a plate curved in an arc of a circle so as to be inserted between the guide part and the distribution part.
- Each sealing device comprises a notch at each end so as to achieve a central allowance which is intended to be disposed in a housing 13 of the sealing device arranged on the peripheral surface of the guide part, see Figures 9 and 14.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanically-Actuated Valves (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1915078A FR3105295B1 (fr) | 2019-12-20 | 2019-12-20 | Boisseau en deux parties coaxiales, et moteur à source chaude externe comprenant celui-ci |
PCT/EP2020/087278 WO2021123351A1 (fr) | 2019-12-20 | 2020-12-18 | Boisseau en deux parties coaxiales, et moteur a source chaude externe comprenant celui-ci |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP4077891A1 true EP4077891A1 (fr) | 2022-10-26 |
Family
ID=69811303
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20838058.4A Pending EP4077891A1 (fr) | 2019-12-20 | 2020-12-18 | Boisseau en deux parties coaxiales, et moteur a source chaude externe comprenant celui-ci |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4077891A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3105295B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2021123351A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB275557A (en) * | 1926-08-04 | 1928-01-12 | Charles Luyckx | Improvements in rotary valves, particularly for internal combustion engines |
GB524424A (en) * | 1939-01-30 | 1940-08-06 | Hugh Stanley Mclaren | Improvements relating to rotary valve internal combustion engines |
FR2905728B1 (fr) | 2006-09-11 | 2012-11-16 | Frederic Thevenod | Moteur hybride a recuperation de la chaleur d'echappement |
FR2954799B1 (fr) | 2009-12-28 | 2012-10-19 | Frederic Olivier Thevenod | Machine thermique a source chaude externe, groupe de production d'energie et vehicule associes. |
FR3069884B1 (fr) | 2017-08-02 | 2020-02-21 | H2P Systems | Moteur a source chaude externe a boisseaux |
-
2019
- 2019-12-20 FR FR1915078A patent/FR3105295B1/fr active Active
-
2020
- 2020-12-18 WO PCT/EP2020/087278 patent/WO2021123351A1/fr unknown
- 2020-12-18 EP EP20838058.4A patent/EP4077891A1/fr active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR3105295A1 (fr) | 2021-06-25 |
WO2021123351A1 (fr) | 2021-06-24 |
FR3105295B1 (fr) | 2021-12-24 |
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