EP4073416A1 - Filling apparatus for filling storage containers with comrpessed hydrogen, filling station having same and method for filling a storage container - Google Patents

Filling apparatus for filling storage containers with comrpessed hydrogen, filling station having same and method for filling a storage container

Info

Publication number
EP4073416A1
EP4073416A1 EP21740432.6A EP21740432A EP4073416A1 EP 4073416 A1 EP4073416 A1 EP 4073416A1 EP 21740432 A EP21740432 A EP 21740432A EP 4073416 A1 EP4073416 A1 EP 4073416A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
pressure
compression
compressed
filling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21740432.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jan Andreas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Argo GmbH
Original Assignee
Argo GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Argo GmbH filed Critical Argo GmbH
Publication of EP4073416A1 publication Critical patent/EP4073416A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/058—Size portable (<30 l)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/066—Plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0335—Check-valves or non-return valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F17C2227/0164—Compressors with specified compressor type, e.g. piston or impulsive type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0192—Propulsion of the fluid by using a working fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0348—Water cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/01—Intermediate tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/065—Fluid distribution for refueling vehicle fuel tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0171—Trucks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0176—Buses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0178—Cars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0186—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space
    • F17C2270/0189—Planes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/45—Hydrogen technologies in production processes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a filling device for filling at least one storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with compressed hydrogen.
  • the present invention also relates to a filling station, in particular a hydrogen tank part, which has a generic filling device.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for filling at least one storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with compressed hydrogen.
  • hydrogen tank parts the gaseous and / or liquid hydrogen is transferred to the vehicle to be refueled by means of suitable refueling couplings.
  • gaseous fuels such as natural gas, LPG or hydrogen. This includes not only passenger cars, but also buses, trucks and forklifts.
  • LPG natural gas
  • the number of filling stations, in particular that of hydrogen tank parts is also growing.
  • the hydrogen tank parts are more often used by private customers.
  • Piston-driven compressors in particular have the problem that they have a seal or double seal that follows the movement of the piston and is correspondingly heavily stressed. As soon as If the seal is leaking, the compressor will no longer work and must be overhauled. It is also necessary to detect possible leaks, which could pose a threat to the environment if they are not detected.
  • the diaphragm compressors use a large diaphragm instead of a piston. They can only start at very low pressures and can only generate a small oscillation or stroke. Here, microcracks in the membrane are difficult to see, which can also lead to leaks. Both systems have the problem of fast moving sealing solutions, which puts extreme stress on the seals. Repairing these compressors is time-consuming because the compressor is in contact with the gas (hydrogen).
  • piston compressors are mostly driven by compressed air or hydraulic oil. Due to the thermal expansion inside the compressor, the gas to be compressed, in particular the hydrogen, heats up and has to be cooled, which is extremely energy-intensive.
  • diaphragm compressors In the case of diaphragm compressors, the heads in which the diaphragms are provided are very heavy, so that maintenance is very time-consuming and the diaphragm compressor requires a great deal of space. Special box solutions must be provided and the space above the compressor cannot be used as it is required for maintenance.
  • a diaphragm compressor is sensitive and should only be put into operation or started a few times a day (less than 3 to 5 times a day), which makes the control of diaphragm compressors extremely inflexible. This is not possible at filling stations with changing refueling cycles. If diaphragm compressors are only started very seldom, ie operated in continuous operation, they have a long service life.
  • diaphragm compressors are commonly used in industry, where the compressor operates around the clock. Accordingly, the currently known piston and diaphragm compressors for use in filling stations, in particular hydrogen tank parts, with changing and short refueling cycles can only be used to a limited extent.
  • the vehicles are usually fueled directly by the compressors or form a high pressure bundle that is at ambient temperature.
  • the refueling flow rate must be increased from 60 grams / second, as is the case with cars, for example, to 120 grams / second or even 180 grams / second.
  • the tightness of the compression device poses a major problem in the compression of gases, especially the compression of hydrogen.
  • Hydrogen is the smallest molecule occurring on earth, which ensures the tightness of the compression device and the whole hydrogen tank parts difficult. If the system, especially the compression device, is not tight, there is a great risk of leakage. Hydrogen becomes very hot with the known compression by piston or diaphragm compressors, which is why a cooler must be provided that cools the compressed or compressed gas (hydrogen). Due to the necessary cooling after compression of the gas (hydrogen), the energy consumption of known hydrogen tank parts is extremely high. With conventional compression of hydrogen, the energy input for cooling the compressed hydrogen is almost as high as the energy required for the actual compression of the hydrogen.
  • DE 10 2009 039 645 A1 proposes, for example, an arrangement for filling a storage container with compressed hydrogen, comprising: a) at least one storage container which serves to store the hydrogen in the liquid and / or gaseous state, b) at least one cryopump and / or at least one compressor, which serves to compress the hydrogen stored in the storage container, c) at least one high-pressure storage container, which is used for intermediate storage of the compressed hydrogen is used, and d) a line system via which the hydrogen from the storage container and / or the high-pressure storage container is supplied to the storage container to be filled, the high-pressure storage container being assigned means for cooling and / or heating.
  • DE 102016 009 672 A1 which also teaches hydrogen tank parts, there is the problem of boil-off gas when storing liquid hydrogen.
  • DE 102016 009 672 A1 suggests diverting the boil-off gas from the storage tank and using it to cool the pipelines.
  • the production of liquid hydrogen is extremely energy-intensive, and the efficiency of such hydrogen tank parts is correspondingly severely impaired by the boil-off effect.
  • the Transporting the liquid hydrogen to the hydrogen tank parts is extremely complex due to the low temperature of the hydrogen.
  • one object of the present invention is to provide a filling device for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen, a filling station having a generic filling device and a method provide for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen, which are able to reduce the energy required for provision and refueling on the one hand and to minimize maintenance and operating costs on the other hand.
  • the stated object is achieved by a filling device for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen according to claim 1, a filling station, in particular a hydrogen tank part, according to claim 12 and a method for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen according to claim 16.
  • a filling device for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen is equipped with a compression device which has a pressure container for compressing the hydrogen, into which the hydrogen to be compressed can be introduced, the hydrogen in this pressure container preferably being able to be enclosed by valves, and by increasing the volume of a compression liquid, in particular water, which can be introduced into the pressure vessel, the hydrogen is compressible.
  • the conventional piston or diaphragm compressors described above which come into direct contact with the hydrogen during the compression of the same, can be dispensed with, whereby the problems of high susceptibility to leakage and the associated high maintenance costs can be eliminated. Furthermore, when using water as the compression liquid, contamination (diffusion of foreign atoms) into the hydrogen can be excluded. Furthermore, the hydrogen temperature rises only slightly in the described method of compression of hydrogen, which means that conventional recooling of the hydrogen after compression by piston or diaphragm compressors can be dispensed with, which significantly increases the energy efficiency of the compression process and thus of the complete filling process.
  • a filling device for filling at least one storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with compressed hydrogen: a compression device for compressing the hydrogen to be compressed, at least one high-pressure storage tank, which serves to temporarily store the compressed hydrogen, and a Line system through which the hydrogen to be compressed is fed to the compression device
  • the hydrogen compressed in the compression device can then be fed to the high-pressure storage tank and from there to the storage container to be filled, the compression device having a pressure container into which a compression liquid, in particular water, can be introduced and into which the hydrogen to be compressed is in the gaseous state can be introduced and compressed by increasing the liquid volume of the compression liquid within the pressure vessel to a predetermined pressure Pi.
  • the storage volume available in the pressure vessel for the hydrogen to be compressed can be reduced by introducing a compression liquid into the pressure vessel, some of the compression liquid may already have been present in the pressure vessel, as a result of which the hydrogen is reduced to a predetermined or desired pressure can be compressed.
  • the amount of compression liquid introduced into the pressure vessel determines the change in volume of the storage volume available for the hydrogen to be compressed and thus the compression or increase in the pressure of the hydrogen.
  • it is preferably enclosed by valves in the pressure vessel.
  • the compression device has a cooling device which is set up to cool the compression liquid to a predetermined temperature Ti, in particular to a temperature in the range from 1 ° C to 5 ° C, preferably 1 ° C, in particular before this is introduced or fed into the pressure vessel.
  • a cooling device which is set up to cool the compression liquid to a predetermined temperature Ti, in particular to a temperature in the range from 1 ° C to 5 ° C, preferably 1 ° C, in particular before this is introduced or fed into the pressure vessel.
  • the compression device has a supply line via which the compression fluid can be supplied to the pressure vessel, in particular from below.
  • the compression device has a storage container in which the compression liquid, in particular the water, can be temporarily stored.
  • the compression liquid in particular the water
  • the compression liquid that has already been cooled can be reused, as a result of which the energy consumption for cooling the compression liquid can be reduced.
  • vehicle or “means of transport” or other similar terms as used below encompasses motor vehicles in general, such as passenger automobiles including sports utility vehicles (SUV), buses, trucks, various commercial vehicles, water vehicles including various boats and ships, aircraft, aerial drones and the like, hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, hydrogen vehicles, and other alternative vehicles.
  • motor vehicles in general, such as passenger automobiles including sports utility vehicles (SUV), buses, trucks, various commercial vehicles, water vehicles including various boats and ships, aircraft, aerial drones and the like, hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, hydrogen vehicles, and other alternative vehicles.
  • hybrid vehicles are vehicles with two or more energy sources, for example gasoline-powered and electrically powered vehicles at the same time.
  • the compression device has a compression device, in particular a high-pressure pump, which is set up to make the compression fluid available to the compression device at a working pressure P2 of up to 1000 bar provide, in particular the pressure vessel with a pressure of up to 1000 bar.
  • the high-pressure storage tank is set up to temporarily store compressed hydrogen up to a pressure of 1000 bar, and / or the compression device is set up to compress the hydrogen to a pressure of up to 1000 bar.
  • the at least one high-pressure storage tank is divided into several storage segments, which can preferably be filled and / or emptied independently of one another, and / or several high-pressure storage tanks are present, which can preferably be filled and / or emptied independently of one another.
  • the filling device in particular a control device, is set up to remove the temporarily stored hydrogen from one of the storage segments and / or one of the high-pressure storage tanks when filling a storage container until the temperature of the respective storage segment and / or the respective high-pressure storage tank has dropped to a predetermined limit value (T min ), the predetermined limit value being in a range from -20 ° C to -40 ° C, preferably -25 ° C to -35 ° C.
  • a switch can be made to another storage segment and / or other high-pressure storage facility in order to prevent undercooling or freezing of the respective storage segment and / or or high-pressure storage tanks.
  • the at least one high-pressure storage tank can advantageously be provided in a cooling chamber, which is preferably thermally insulated, and in a cooling chamber predetermined temperature T are cooled cooling chamber or held at this to be able, wherein the predetermined temperature T cooling chamber of the cooling chamber in a range of -40 ° C to 10 ° C, preferably -20 ° C to 5 ° C, more preferably from 1 ° C, can lie.
  • the filling device can have a distribution device (dispenser), which is preferably provided with a temperature control device 50, by means of which the hydrogen supplied to the at least one storage container, in particular the at least one storage container of a vehicle, can be conditioned to the individual framework conditions , in this case the hydrogen is preferably fed to the storage container at a pressure between 350 bar and 700 bar and at a temperature of -33 ° C to -40 ° C.
  • a distribution device dispenser
  • a temperature control device 50 by means of which the hydrogen supplied to the at least one storage container, in particular the at least one storage container of a vehicle, can be conditioned to the individual framework conditions , in this case the hydrogen is preferably fed to the storage container at a pressure between 350 bar and 700 bar and at a temperature of -33 ° C to -40 ° C.
  • the filling device also has a quick coupling, by means of which a mobile hydrogen storage device can be connected to the filling device in a fluid-carrying manner and can be filled with the compressed hydrogen.
  • the present invention relates to a filling station, in particular hydrogen tank parts, for refueling a vehicle with compressed hydrogen, comprising: at least one refueling device, which is preferably set up to correspond to corresponding receiving devices provided in the vehicles to be refueled, and the filling device described above for filling at least one storage container.
  • the filling station additionally has a hydrogen storage tank and / or a quick-release coupling, by means of which a mobile hydrogen storage tank can be connected to the filling device in a fluid-carrying manner, wherein in the hydrogen storage tank Storage tank and / or the mobile hydrogen storage tank gaseous hydrogen is stored at a pressure of 1 bar to 500 bar and can be compressed to a pressure of up to 1000 bar for intermediate storage in the high-pressure storage tank by the compression device of the filling device.
  • the filling station in particular a control device, is set up to use a cloud-based server and / or a mobile app with clients, in particular vehicles to be refueled, to provide information about their refueling requirements such as refueling amount, refueling temperature, refueling pressure, refueling speed (grams / Seconds), refueling time and the like and, based on the exchanged information, determine or create at least one refueling profile and / or a refueling forecast.
  • a cloud-based server and / or a mobile app with clients, in particular vehicles to be refueled, to provide information about their refueling requirements such as refueling amount, refueling temperature, refueling pressure, refueling speed (grams / Seconds), refueling time and the like and, based on the exchanged information, determine or create at least one refueling profile and / or a refueling forecast.
  • the present invention relates to a method for filling at least one storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with compressed hydrogen, comprising the steps: a) Introducing the, in particular gaseous, hydrogen to be compressed into a pressure container into which a compression liquid can be introduced , and b) compressing the hydrogen to be compressed by introducing the compression liquid into the pressure vessel or by increasing the liquid volume of the compression liquid within the pressure vessel to a predetermined pressure (Pi).
  • the compression liquid introduced into the pressure vessel is cooled before being introduced or fed in, in particular to a temperature in the range from 1 ° C. to 5 ° C., in particular to a temperature of 1 ° C., in order to Compression of the too compressing hydrogen to passively cool this through contact with the compression liquid.
  • a level of the compression liquid is raised from a minimum level H min to a predetermined level H Soii, whereby the pressure of the hydrogen is increased to a predetermined target value.
  • the method also has the following steps: c) supplying and temporarily storing the compressed hydrogen to and in at least one high-pressure storage tank, d) lowering the level of the compression liquid in the pressure vessel, in particular back to the minimum level H min , e) Intermediate storage of the released compression fluid in a storage container.
  • the method additionally has the following steps: f) pressurizing the compression liquid to a working pressure P2 of up to 1000 bar, preferably by means of a high pressure pump, g) recooling the compression liquid put under working pressure P2 and h) supplying it the pressurized compression liquid to the pressure vessel, whereby the hydrogen admitted into the pressure vessel in step a) is compressed to the predetermined pressure Pi and is thus prepared for intermediate storage in the at least one high-pressure storage tank, whereby the process cycle is closed and with a new cycle can be started.
  • the filling device for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen can be integrated in a filling station, in particular in a hydrogen tank part. Furthermore, the described Filling device can be used in a method for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen. Therefore, the further features that were disclosed in connection with the above description of the filling device can also be applied to the filling station, in particular the hydrogen tank parts and the method for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen. The same applies vice versa for the petrol station and the procedure.
  • Fig. 2 simplifies an embodiment of a filling device according to the invention
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a known refueling device according to the prior art.
  • FIG. 1 shows a storage container S for liquefied hydrogen, which has a storage volume between 10 and 200 m 3 of hydrogen.
  • Such storage containers for liquefied hydrogen are well known from the prior art.
  • they are preferably arranged underground and so that the vehicles to be refueled can drive over them.
  • a cryopump V and a compressor V are also provided.
  • the cryopump V is supplied with liquid hydrogen from the storage container S via the line 1, which is preferably designed to be vacuum-insulated.
  • the cryopumps V that are used in practice are specially designed to meet the requirements when refueling vehicles. They offer the possibility of compressing liquid hydrogen from approx. 1 bar to up to 900 bar in a two-stage compression process. Gaseous hydrogen can be drawn off from the storage container S via the line 1 'and compressed to a pressure between 100 and 700 bar by means of the compressor or the compression unit V.
  • high-pressure storage tanks A and B are provided. In practice, these are usually combined into memory banks covering at least three different pressure areas.
  • the high-pressure storage tanks A are designed for a storage pressure between 400 and 700 bar
  • the high-pressure storage tanks B are designed for a storage pressure between 300 and 500 bar.
  • further storage tanks which are designed for a storage pressure between 50 and 400 bar, for example, are provided.
  • methods can also be implemented in which only one or two storage banks or only one or two high-pressure storage containers are provided.
  • FIG. 2 shows, in a simplified manner, an embodiment of a filling device 100 according to the invention for filling a storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with compressed gaseous hydrogen.
  • the filling device 100 has a compression device 1 for compressing the hydrogen.
  • the hydrogen to be compressed is fed to the compression device 1 at a pressure of 30 bar, for example, via a hydrogen feed line 21 from, for example, an underground storage tank (not shown) in which the hydrogen is stored in liquid and / or gaseous form.
  • the compression device has a pressure vessel 2, into which a compression liquid 3 can be introduced, in particular can be introduced into the pressure vessel 2 with pressure.
  • the compression liquid is at the fill level marked with H min. In other words, the pressure vessel 2 is almost empty and ready to receive the hydrogen to be compressed.
  • a compression device 6 in particular a high-pressure pump, is used to introduce the compression fluid at a predetermined pressure into the pressure vessel via a feed line 7 from below into the pressure vessel, which slowly increases the level of the compression fluid 3 in the pressure vessel 2 and thus the hydrogen trapped therein is compressed.
  • the level of the compression liquid in the pressure vessel reaches the target level H Soii , the compression process is complete and the hydrogen has been compressed to the desired pressure.
  • common pressure accumulators made of carbon fiber material are used as pressure vessels, in particular of type IV.
  • the pressure vessels, in particular pressure accumulators are provided with an OTV (on-tank valve) , in which the inlet through which the water is introduced has a larger diameter than the outlet through which the compressed hydrogen is discharged.
  • the compression device 1 shown is provided with a cooling device 4 which, for example, can cool the compression liquid 3, which is preferably water, to a temperature of approx. 1 ° C. In this way, during the compression of the Hydrogen these are cooled by contact with the compression liquid 3, which makes a downstream recooling of the hydrogen obsolete or at least simplifies it.
  • a cooling device 4 which, for example, can cool the compression liquid 3, which is preferably water, to a temperature of approx. 1 ° C.
  • the compression device shown has a storage container 5 in which the compression liquid 3 cooled by the cooling device can be temporarily stored after the pressure container 2 has been emptied and before a renewed compression process, whereby the cooling work of the cooling device 4 can be reduced.
  • the cooling device 4 is followed by a pressure sensor PT and a temperature sensor TT, which are connected to a control device 60 and thus enable the control device 60 to control the compression device 6 and the cooling device 4 in such a way that the compression liquid 3 has a desired temperature and can be introduced into the pressure vessel 2 at a desired pressure.
  • an outlet valve of the shut-off valves 24 is opened, and the compressed hydrogen via a fluid line 22 to one High-pressure storage tank 10, where the compressed (gaseous) hydrogen can be temporarily stored at a pressure of up to 1000 bar until it is passed via a refueling line 23 to a vehicle to be filled.
  • the high-pressure storage tank 10 shown here has several storage segments 10A to 10C, which can be filled with compressed hydrogen independently of one another. The hydrogen stored therein under high pressure can also be withdrawn individually from these storage segments 10A to 10C, in this way it can be ensured that in the event of large amounts of hydrogen being withdrawn, for example when filling / refueling a truck, the individual storage segments 10A to 10C will not is cooled too much.
  • FIG. 3 also shows a simplified embodiment of a filling station 200 according to the invention with a mobile hydrogen storage tank 230.
  • a filling device 100 according to the invention is only shown schematically on the left-hand side of FIG , for example at a wind farm.
  • the electricity generated there by wind power for example, can be used efficiently to generate hydrogen, especially at times when there is an excess of electricity in the electricity grid.
  • the hydrogen generated there can be compressed via the filling device 100 according to the invention to a desired pressure of, for example, 700 bar to 1000 bar and stored in a mobile hydrogen storage tank 210, which can for example be integrated into a truck body or can be exchanged by a truck, be cached.
  • the mobile hydrogen storage tank 210 can then be brought by the truck to a filling station 200 and connected there to a filling station of the filling station via a quick coupling 220.
  • the filling station 200 shown in FIG. 3 has a distribution device 40 (dispenser) which is provided with a temperature control device 50, in particular a cooling device.
  • a temperature control device 50 in particular a cooling device.
  • the hydrogen can be conditioned during the filling of a storage container of a vehicle, here for example a bus or a car.
  • the temperature and the pressure of the hydrogen that is fed to the vehicle are tempered and relaxed in such a way that the parameters of the hydrogen correspond to the requirements of the vehicle.
  • the filling station 200 can optionally also be provided with a filling device 100 according to the invention, with which the hydrogen that is taken from the mobile hydrogen storage tank 230 can be compressed again if necessary.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a filling apparatus (100) for filling at least one storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with compressed hydrogen, comprising: a compressor apparatus (1) for compressing the hydrogen to be compressed, at least one high-pressure storage tank (10) which intermediately stores the compressed hydrogen and a line system (20) via which the hydrogen to be compressed can be supplied to the compression apparatus (1), the hydrogen compressed in the compression apparatus (1) can then be supplied to the high-pressure storage tank (10) and from there to the storage container to be filled, wherein the compression apparatus (1) comprises a pressure vessel (2) into which a compression liquid (3) can be introduced and in which the hydrogen to be compressed can be introduced in a gaseous state and can be compressed to a predetermined pressure P1 by enlarging the liquid volume of the compression liquid (3) within the pressure vessel (2). The present invention furthermore relates to a filling station having a filling apparatus (100) according to the invention and to a method for filling at least one storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with compressed hydrogen.

Description

BEFÜLLVORRICHTUNG ZUR BEFÜLLUNG VON SPEICHERBEHÄLTERN MIT VERDICHTETEM WASSERSTOFF, TANKSTELLE AUFWEISEND SELBIGE UND VERFAHREN ZUR BEFÜLLUNG EINES SPEICHERBEHÄLTERS FILLING DEVICE FOR FILLING STORAGE CONTAINERS WITH COMPRESSED HYDROGEN, FILLING STATION WITH THE SAME AND METHOD FOR FILLING A STORAGE CONTAINER
Technisches Gebiet Technical area
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Befüllvorrichtung zur Befüllung mindestens eines Speicherbehälters, insbesondere eines Speicherbehälters eines Fahrzeuges, mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff. Ferner betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung eine Tankstelle, insbesondere eine Wasserstofftanksteile, welche eine gattungsgemäße Befüllvorrichtung aufweist. Des Weiteren betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Befüllung mindestens eines Speicherbehälters, insbesondere eines Speicherbehälters eines Fahrzeuges, mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff . The present invention relates to a filling device for filling at least one storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with compressed hydrogen. The present invention also relates to a filling station, in particular a hydrogen tank part, which has a generic filling device. The present invention also relates to a method for filling at least one storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with compressed hydrogen.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Herkömmliche Tankstellen, die der Betankung von Fahrzeugen mit Benzin und Diesel dienen, sind hinlänglich bekannt. Bekannt sind ferner Tankstellen, in denen so genannte Erdgas- Fahrzeuge mit komprimiertem Erdgas, das unter einem Druck von 400 bar bis 1000 bar vorliegt, betankt werden. Hierbei wird das Erdgas größtenteils in unterirdisch vorgesehenen Speichertanks mit einem Druck von bis zu 1000 bar gespeichert und dem zu betankendem Fahrzeug zugeführt. Conventional filling stations, which are used to refuel vehicles with gasoline and diesel, are well known. Petrol stations are also known in which so-called natural gas vehicles are refueled with compressed natural gas which is present at a pressure of 400 bar to 1000 bar. Most of the natural gas is stored in underground storage tanks at a pressure of up to 1000 bar and fed to the vehicle to be refueled.
Des Weiteren werden in jüngster Zeit vermehrt Wasserstoff- Tankstellen realisiert, in denen entsprechend modifizierte Fahrzeuge oder moderne Brennstoffzellenfahrzuge mit gasförmigem und/oder flüssigem Wasserstoff betankt werden können. In diesen nachfolgend als Wasserstofftanksteilen bezeichneten Tankstellen wird der gasförmige und/oder flüssige Wasserstoff mittels geeigneter Betankungskupplungen in das zu betankende Fahrzeug überführt. Immer mehr Fahrzeughersteller präsentieren Kraftfahrzeuge, welche durch gasförmige Kraftstoffe wie Erdgas, Autogas oder Wasserstoff angetrieben werden. Dazu zählen nicht nur Personenkraftwagen, sondern auch Busse, Lastwagen und Gabelstapler. Parallel zu der wachsenden Anzahl an Fahrzeugen, welche mit komprimierten Gasen betrieben werden, wächst auch die Zahl der Tankstellen, insbesondere die der Wasserstofftanksteilen . Die Wasserstofftanksteilen werden häufiger von Privatkunden verwendet. Aufgrund der höheren Drücke und niedrigeren Temperaturen des Wasserstoffs im Vergleich zu Erdgas oder Autogas sind insbesondere für die Betankung mit Wasserstoff neue Entwicklungen für Betankungsverfahren und andere Vorrichtungen notwendig. Zudem müssen jedoch Kosten für den Wasserstoff so gering wie möglich gehalten werden um die Akzeptanz gegenüber anderen Kraftstoffen zu erhöhen. Dies bedeutet, dass auch die Investitionskosten für Tankstellen geringgehalten werden müssen. Furthermore, more and more hydrogen filling stations have recently been implemented in which appropriately modified vehicles or modern fuel cell vehicles can be refueled with gaseous and / or liquid hydrogen. In these filling stations, referred to below as hydrogen tank parts, the gaseous and / or liquid hydrogen is transferred to the vehicle to be refueled by means of suitable refueling couplings. More and more vehicle manufacturers are presenting vehicles that are powered by gaseous fuels such as natural gas, LPG or hydrogen. This includes not only passenger cars, but also buses, trucks and forklifts. In parallel with the growing number of vehicles that are operated with compressed gases, the number of filling stations, in particular that of hydrogen tank parts, is also growing. The hydrogen tank parts are more often used by private customers. Due to the higher pressures and lower temperatures of hydrogen compared to natural gas or LPG, new developments for refueling processes and other devices are necessary, in particular for refueling with hydrogen. In addition, however, the costs for hydrogen must be kept as low as possible in order to increase acceptance compared to other fuels. This means that the investment costs for filling stations must also be kept low.
Es existieren bereits Wasserstofftanksteilen, an denen Betankungen von Fahrzeugen mit gasförmigem Wasserstoff mit Drücken bis zu 700 bar realisiert werden. Um mehrere Fahrzeuge hintereinander und/oder gleichzeitig betanken zu können, werden im Regelfall Betankungsverfahren eingesetzt, bei denen große Mengen an unter Druck stehendem gasförmigem Wasserstoff in entsprechenden Druckpuffern zwischengespeichert werden. Darüber hinaus muss das vorzusehende Kompressorsystem derart dimensioniert bzw. ausgelegt sein, dass die erforderlichen Volumenströme garantiert werden können. There are already hydrogen tank sections where vehicles can be refueled with gaseous hydrogen at pressures of up to 700 bar. In order to be able to refuel several vehicles one behind the other and / or at the same time, refueling methods are generally used in which large amounts of pressurized gaseous hydrogen are temporarily stored in corresponding pressure buffers. In addition, the compressor system to be provided must be dimensioned or designed in such a way that the required volume flows can be guaranteed.
In der Gasindustrie sind allerlei Arten von Kolben- oder Membrankompressoren bekannt. Besonders die kolbengetriebenen Kompressoren haben hierbei das Problem, dass sie eine Dichtung oder Doppeldichtung haben, die der Bewegung des Kolbens folgt und entsprechend stark beansprucht wird. Sobald die Dichtung undicht ist, funktioniert der Kompressor nicht mehr und muss überholt werden. Ferner ist es notwendig, mögliche Leckagen zu detektieren, welche eine Gefahr für die Umwelt darstellen können, wenn sie nicht erkannt werden. Die Membrankompressoren verwenden anstelle eines Kolbens eine große Membran. Sie können nur bei sehr niedrigen Drücken anlaufen und können nur eine kleine Schwingung beziehungsweise Hub erzeugen. Hierbei sind Mikrorisse in der Membrane nur schwer erkennbar, was ebenfalls zu Leckagen führen kann. Beide Systeme haben das Problem schnell beweglicher Dichtungslösungen, was die Dichtungen extrem beansprucht. Die Reparatur dieser Kompressoren ist zeitaufwendig, da der Kompressor in Kontakt mit dem Gas (Wasserstoff) steht. All kinds of piston or diaphragm compressors are known in the gas industry. Piston-driven compressors in particular have the problem that they have a seal or double seal that follows the movement of the piston and is correspondingly heavily stressed. As soon as If the seal is leaking, the compressor will no longer work and must be overhauled. It is also necessary to detect possible leaks, which could pose a threat to the environment if they are not detected. The diaphragm compressors use a large diaphragm instead of a piston. They can only start at very low pressures and can only generate a small oscillation or stroke. Here, microcracks in the membrane are difficult to see, which can also lead to leaks. Both systems have the problem of fast moving sealing solutions, which puts extreme stress on the seals. Repairing these compressors is time-consuming because the compressor is in contact with the gas (hydrogen).
Ferner werden Kolbenkompressoren meist durch Druckluft oder Hydrauliköl angetrieben. Aufgrund der thermischen Ausdehnung im Inneren des Kompressors erwärmt sich das zu komprimierende Gas, insbesondere der Wasserstoff, und muss gekühlt werden, was äußerst energieaufwendig ist. Furthermore, piston compressors are mostly driven by compressed air or hydraulic oil. Due to the thermal expansion inside the compressor, the gas to be compressed, in particular the hydrogen, heats up and has to be cooled, which is extremely energy-intensive.
Bei Membrankompressoren sind die Köpfe, in denen die Membrane vorgesehen sind, sehr schwer, so dass die Wartung sehr zeitaufwendig ist und der Membrankompressor sehr viel Platz benötigt. Spezielle Kastenlösungen müssen vorgesehen werden und der Raum über dem Kompressor kann nicht genutzt werden, da er für die Wartung benötigt wird. Ein Membrankompressor ist empfindlich und sollte nur wenige Male am Tag in Betrieb genommen bzw. gestartet werden (weniger als 3 bis 5 Mal am Tag), was die Steuerung von Membrankompressoren äußerst unflexibel gestaltet. Bei Tankstellen mit wechselnden Betankungszyklen ist dies nicht möglich. Wenn Membrankompressoren nur äußerst selten gestartet werden, d.h. im Dauerbetrieb betrieben werden, weisen sie eine hohe Lebensdauer auf. Aus diesem Grund werden Membrankompressoren für gewöhnlich in der Industrie eingesetzt, wo der Kompressor rund um die Uhr in Betrieb ist. Entsprechend sind die derzeitig bekannten Kolben- und Membrankompressoren für den Einsatz in Tankstellen, insbesondere Wasserstofftanksteilen, mit wechselnden und kurzen Betankungszyklen nur bedingt einsetzbar. In the case of diaphragm compressors, the heads in which the diaphragms are provided are very heavy, so that maintenance is very time-consuming and the diaphragm compressor requires a great deal of space. Special box solutions must be provided and the space above the compressor cannot be used as it is required for maintenance. A diaphragm compressor is sensitive and should only be put into operation or started a few times a day (less than 3 to 5 times a day), which makes the control of diaphragm compressors extremely inflexible. This is not possible at filling stations with changing refueling cycles. If diaphragm compressors are only started very seldom, ie operated in continuous operation, they have a long service life. For this reason, diaphragm compressors are commonly used in industry, where the compressor operates around the clock. Accordingly, the currently known piston and diaphragm compressors for use in filling stations, in particular hydrogen tank parts, with changing and short refueling cycles can only be used to a limited extent.
Des Weiteren benötigen bekannte Tankstellen die speziell für die Wasserstoffbetankung von Fahrzeugen vorgesehen sind sehr viel Kühlenergie. Die Betankung von Personenkraftwagen beispielsweise erfordert eine Vorkühlung des Gases (des Wasserstoffes) in der Zapfsäule auf -40°C. Bei -40°C kann das Fahrzeug innerhalb von ca. 5 Minuten mit einer Wasserstoffmenge von ca. 5 kg betankt werden, ohne dass das Tanksystem des Fahrzeugs überhitzt wird. Furthermore, well-known filling stations that are specially designed for hydrogen fueling vehicles require a great deal of cooling energy. The refueling of passenger cars, for example, requires the gas (hydrogen) in the pump to be pre-cooled to -40 ° C. At -40 ° C, the vehicle can be refueled within approx. 5 minutes with approx. 5 kg of hydrogen without the vehicle's fueling system overheating.
Die Fahrzeuge werden für gewöhnlich direkt von den Kompressoren betankt oder bilden ein Hochdruckbündel, das Umgebungstemperatur aufweist. Bei Flurförderzeugen, bei denen mehr Wasserstoff benötigt wird, muss die Betankungs durchflussmenge von 60 Gramm/Sekunde, wie sie beispielsweise bei PKWs ist, auf 120 Gramm/Sekunde oder sogar 180 Gramm/Sekunde erhöht werden. Dies bedeutet jedoch, dass das Gas bzw. der Wasserstoff stärker heruntergekühlt werden müsste und dass mehr Kühlenergie benötigt wird. The vehicles are usually fueled directly by the compressors or form a high pressure bundle that is at ambient temperature. In the case of industrial trucks that require more hydrogen, the refueling flow rate must be increased from 60 grams / second, as is the case with cars, for example, to 120 grams / second or even 180 grams / second. However, this means that the gas or hydrogen would have to be cooled down more and that more cooling energy is required.
Wie oben bereits kurz erwähnt, stellt bei der Verdichtung von Gasen, insbesondere bei der Verdichtung von Wasserstoff, die Dichtheit der Verdichtungsvorrichtung (Kompressor) ein großes Problem dar. Wasserstoff ist das kleinste auf der Erde vorkommende Molekül, was die Sicherstellung der Dichtheit der Verdichtungsvorrichtung und der ganzen Wasserstofftanksteile erschwert. Wenn das System, insbesondere die Verdichtungsvorrichtung, nicht dicht ist, besteht bei Leckage ein großes Risiko. Wasserstoff wird bei der bekannten Verdichtung durch Kolben- oder Membrankompressoren sehr heiß, weshalb ein Kühler vorgesehen werden muss, der das verdichtete bzw. komprimierte Gas (Wasserstoff) kühlt. Aufgrund der notwendigen Kühlung nach Verdichtung des Gases (Wasserstoffs) ist der Energieverbrauch bekannter Wasserstofftanksteilen äußerst hoch. Bei der herkömmlichen Verdichtung von Wasserstoff ist der Energieeinsatz für die Kühlung des verdichteten Wasserstoffs annähernd so hoch wie die Energie, die für das eigentliche Verdichten des Wasserstoffs benötigt wird. As mentioned briefly above, the tightness of the compression device (compressor) poses a major problem in the compression of gases, especially the compression of hydrogen. Hydrogen is the smallest molecule occurring on earth, which ensures the tightness of the compression device and the whole hydrogen tank parts difficult. If the system, especially the compression device, is not tight, there is a great risk of leakage. Hydrogen becomes very hot with the known compression by piston or diaphragm compressors, which is why a cooler must be provided that cools the compressed or compressed gas (hydrogen). Due to the necessary cooling after compression of the gas (hydrogen), the energy consumption of known hydrogen tank parts is extremely high. With conventional compression of hydrogen, the energy input for cooling the compressed hydrogen is almost as high as the energy required for the actual compression of the hydrogen.
Um den oben geschilderten neuen Anforderungen hinsichtlich der Verfügbarkeit von verdichtetem Wasserstoff, insbesondere der erhöhten Betankungsdurchflussmenge gerecht zu werden, schlägt die DE 10 2009 039 645 Al beispielsweise eine Anordnung zum Befüllen eines Speicherbehälters mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff vor, aufweisend: a) wenigstens einen Vorratsbehälter, welcher der Speicherung des Wasserstoffs im flüssigen und/oder gasförmigen Zustand dient, b) wenigstens eine Kryopumpe und/oder wenigstens einen Kompressor, die bzw. der der Verdichtung des in dem Vorratsbehälter gespeicherten Wasserstoffs dient, c) wenigstens einen Hochdruck- Speicherbehälter, welcher der Zwischenspeicherung des verdichteten Wasserstoffs dient, und d) ein Leitungssystem, über welches der Wasserstoff aus dem Vorratsbehälter und/oder dem Hochdruck-Speicherbehälter dem zu befüllenden Speicherbehälter zugeführt wird, wobei dem Hockdruck- Speicherbehälter Mittel zum Kühlen und/oder Erwärmen zugeordnet sind. In order to meet the new requirements outlined above with regard to the availability of compressed hydrogen, in particular the increased refueling flow rate, DE 10 2009 039 645 A1 proposes, for example, an arrangement for filling a storage container with compressed hydrogen, comprising: a) at least one storage container which serves to store the hydrogen in the liquid and / or gaseous state, b) at least one cryopump and / or at least one compressor, which serves to compress the hydrogen stored in the storage container, c) at least one high-pressure storage container, which is used for intermediate storage of the compressed hydrogen is used, and d) a line system via which the hydrogen from the storage container and / or the high-pressure storage container is supplied to the storage container to be filled, the high-pressure storage container being assigned means for cooling and / or heating.
Wie in der DE 10 2016 009 672 Al beschrieben, welche ebenfalls eine Wasserstofftanksteile lehrt, besteht bei der Lagerung von flüssigem Wasserstoff das Problem des Boil-Off Gases. Die DE 102016 009 672 Al schlägt vor, das Boil-Off Gas des Speichertanks auszuleiten und zur Kühlung der Rohrleitungen zu verwenden. Die Herstellung von flüssigem Wasserstoff ist äußerst energieaufwendig, entsprechend stark wird der Wirkungsgrad derartiger Wasserstofftanksteilen durch den Boil-Off-Effekt beeinträchtigt. Auch gestaltet sich der Transport des flüssigen Wasserstoffs zu den Wasserstoff- tanksteilen aufgrund der niedrigen Temperatur des Wasserstoffs äußerst aufwendig. As described in DE 10 2016 009 672 A1, which also teaches hydrogen tank parts, there is the problem of boil-off gas when storing liquid hydrogen. DE 102016 009 672 A1 suggests diverting the boil-off gas from the storage tank and using it to cool the pipelines. The production of liquid hydrogen is extremely energy-intensive, and the efficiency of such hydrogen tank parts is correspondingly severely impaired by the boil-off effect. Also the Transporting the liquid hydrogen to the hydrogen tank parts is extremely complex due to the low temperature of the hydrogen.
Darstellung der Erfindung Presentation of the invention
Vor dem Hintergrund der oben beschriebenen Probleme bei der Verdichtung und Bereitstellung von verdichtetem Wasserstoff in Tankstellen zur Betankung von Fahrzeugen, liegt eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung darin, eine Befüllvorrichtung zur Befüllung mindestens eines Speicherbehälters mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff, eine eine gattungsgemäße Befüllvorrichtung aufweisende Tankstelle sowie ein Verfahren zur Befüllung mindestens eines Speicherbehälters mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff bereitzustellen, die in der Lage sind, einerseits den zur Bereitstellung und Betankung benötigten Energieeinsatz zu reduzieren und andererseits den Wartungsaufwand sowie die Betriebskosten zu minimieren. Against the background of the above-described problems in the compression and provision of compressed hydrogen in filling stations for refueling vehicles, one object of the present invention is to provide a filling device for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen, a filling station having a generic filling device and a method provide for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen, which are able to reduce the energy required for provision and refueling on the one hand and to minimize maintenance and operating costs on the other hand.
Die genannte Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Befüllvorrichtung zur Befüllung mindestens eines Speicherbehälters mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff nach Anspruch 1, einer Tankstelle, insbesondere eine Wasserstofftanksteile, nach Anspruch 12 sowie einem Verfahren zur Befüllung mindestens eines Speicherbehälters mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff nach Anspruch 16. The stated object is achieved by a filling device for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen according to claim 1, a filling station, in particular a hydrogen tank part, according to claim 12 and a method for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen according to claim 16.
Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben, wobei die Gegenstände der Befüllvorrichtung sowie der Tankstelle im Rahmen des Verfahrens zur Befüllung mindestens eines Speicherbehälters mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff zum Einsatz kommen kann und umgekehrt . Preferred developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims, wherein the objects of the filling device and the gas station can be used in the context of the method for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen and vice versa.
Hierbei ist einer der Grundgedanken der vorliegenden Erfindung, dass eine Befüllvorrichtung zum Befüllen mindestens eines Speicherbehälters mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff mit einer Verdichtungsvorrichtung ausgestattet ist, welche zur Verdichtung des Wasserstoffs einen Druckbehälter aufweist, in welchen der zu verdichtende Wasserstoff einleitbar ist, wobei der Wasserstoff in diesem Druckbehälter bevorzugt durch Ventile einschließbar ist, und durch Vergrößerung des Flüssigkeitsvolumens einer Kompressionsflüssigkeit, insbesondere Wasser, die in den Druckbehälter einleitbar ist, der Wasserstoff verdichtbar ist. Here, one of the basic ideas of the present invention is that a filling device for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen is equipped with a compression device which has a pressure container for compressing the hydrogen, into which the hydrogen to be compressed can be introduced, the hydrogen in this pressure container preferably being able to be enclosed by valves, and by increasing the volume of a compression liquid, in particular water, which can be introduced into the pressure vessel, the hydrogen is compressible.
Auf diese Weise kann auf die oben beschriebenen herkömmlichen Kolben- oder Membrankompressoren, die direkt mit dem Wasserstoff bei der Verdichtung desselben in Kontakt kommen, verzichtet werden, wodurch die damit beschriebenen Probleme der hohen Leckageanfälligkeit sowie des damit verbundenen hohen Wartungsaufwands beseitigt werden können. Des Weiteren kann bei der Verwendung von Wasser als Kompressionsflüssigkeit eine Verschmutzung (Eindiffundierung von Fremdatomen) des Wasserstoffs ausgeschlossen werden. Ferner steigt bei der beschriebenen Verdichtungsweise des Wasserstoffs die Temperatur des Wasserstoffs nur geringfügig an, wodurch auf die herkömmliche Rückkühlung des Wasserstoffs nach der Verdichtung durch Kolben- oder Membrankompressoren verzichtet werden kann, wodurch die Energieeffizienz des Verdichtungsvorgangs und somit des vollständigen Befüllvorgangs erheblich gesteigert werden kann. In this way, the conventional piston or diaphragm compressors described above, which come into direct contact with the hydrogen during the compression of the same, can be dispensed with, whereby the problems of high susceptibility to leakage and the associated high maintenance costs can be eliminated. Furthermore, when using water as the compression liquid, contamination (diffusion of foreign atoms) into the hydrogen can be excluded. Furthermore, the hydrogen temperature rises only slightly in the described method of compression of hydrogen, which means that conventional recooling of the hydrogen after compression by piston or diaphragm compressors can be dispensed with, which significantly increases the energy efficiency of the compression process and thus of the complete filling process.
Gemäß einem Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung weist eine Befüllvorrichtung zur Befüllung mindestens eines Speicherbehälters, insbesondere eines Speicherbehälters eines Fahrzeuges, mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff, auf: eine Verdichtungsvorrichtung zum Verdichten des zu verdichtenden Wasserstoffs, mindestens einen Hochdruckspeichertank, welcher der Zwischenspeicherung des verdichteten Wasserstoffs dient, und ein Leitungssystem über welches der zu verdichtende Wasserstoff der Verdichtungsvorrichtung zugeführt werden kann, der in der Verdichtungsvorrichtung verdichtete Wasserstoff dann dem Hochdruckspeichertank zugeführt und von dort dem zu befüllenden Speicherbehälter zugeführt werden kann, wobei die Verdichtungsvorrichtung einen Druckbehälter aufweist, in welchem eine Kompressionsflüssigkeit, insbesondere Wasser, einleitbar ist und in welchen der zu verdichtende Wasserstoff im gasförmigen Zustand einleitbar und durch Vergrößerung des Flüssigkeitsvolumens der Kompressionsflüssigkeit innerhalb des Druckbehälters auf einen vorbestimmten Druck Pi verdichtet werden kann. According to one aspect of the present invention, a filling device for filling at least one storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with compressed hydrogen: a compression device for compressing the hydrogen to be compressed, at least one high-pressure storage tank, which serves to temporarily store the compressed hydrogen, and a Line system through which the hydrogen to be compressed is fed to the compression device The hydrogen compressed in the compression device can then be fed to the high-pressure storage tank and from there to the storage container to be filled, the compression device having a pressure container into which a compression liquid, in particular water, can be introduced and into which the hydrogen to be compressed is in the gaseous state can be introduced and compressed by increasing the liquid volume of the compression liquid within the pressure vessel to a predetermined pressure Pi.
Mit anderen Worten kann das in dem Druckbehälter für den zu verdichtenden Wasserstoff zur Verfügung stehende Speichervolumen durch Einleiten einer Kompressionsflüssigkeit in den Druckbehälter, wobei ein Teil der Kompressionsflüssigkeit bereits in dem Druckbehälter vorhanden gewesen sein kann, reduziert werden, wodurch der Wasserstoff auf einen vorbestimmten bzw. gewünschten Druck verdichtet werden kann. Entsprechend bestimmt die Menge an in den Druckbehälter eingeleiteter Kompressionsflüssigkeit die Volumenveränderung des für den zu verdichtenden Wasserstoff zur Verfügung stehenden Speichervolumens und somit die Verdichtung bzw. Anhebung des Drucks des Wasserstoffs. Um den Wasserstoff in dem Druckbehälter durch Einleiten der Kompressionsflüssigkeit verdichten zu können, wird dieser bevorzugt durch Ventile in dem Druckbehälter eingeschlossen. In other words, the storage volume available in the pressure vessel for the hydrogen to be compressed can be reduced by introducing a compression liquid into the pressure vessel, some of the compression liquid may already have been present in the pressure vessel, as a result of which the hydrogen is reduced to a predetermined or desired pressure can be compressed. Correspondingly, the amount of compression liquid introduced into the pressure vessel determines the change in volume of the storage volume available for the hydrogen to be compressed and thus the compression or increase in the pressure of the hydrogen. In order to be able to compress the hydrogen in the pressure vessel by introducing the compression liquid, it is preferably enclosed by valves in the pressure vessel.
Hierbei kann es vorteilhaft sein, dass die Verdichtungs vorrichtung eine Kühlvorrichtung aufweist, die dazu eingerichtet ist, die Kompressionsflüssigkeit auf eine vorbestimmte Temperatur Ti, insbesondere auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 1°C bis 5°C, bevorzugt 1°C, zu kühlen, insbesondere bevor diese in den Druckbehälter eingeleitet bzw. eingespeist wird. Auf diese Weise kann der zu verdichtende Wasserstoff während des Verdichtungsvorgangs passiv durch Kontakt mit der gekühlten Kompressionsflüssigkeit gekühlt werden. It can be advantageous here that the compression device has a cooling device which is set up to cool the compression liquid to a predetermined temperature Ti, in particular to a temperature in the range from 1 ° C to 5 ° C, preferably 1 ° C, in particular before this is introduced or fed into the pressure vessel. In this way, the hydrogen to be compressed can be passively cooled during the compression process by contact with the cooled compression liquid.
Des Weiteren ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Verdichtungsvorrichtung eine Zuführleitung aufweist, über welche die Kompressionsflüssigkeit dem Druckbehälter, insbesondere von unten, zuführbar ist. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the compression device has a supply line via which the compression fluid can be supplied to the pressure vessel, in particular from below.
Ferner ist es bevorzugt, dass die Verdichtungsvorrichtung einen Speicherbehälter aufweist, in dem die Kompressionsflüssigkeit, insbesondere das Wasser, zwischengespeichert werden kann. Auf diese Weise kann die bereits gekühlte Kompressionsflüssigkeit wiederverwendet werden, wodurch der Energieeinsatz für die Kühlung der Kompressionsflüssigkeit reduziert werden kann. Furthermore, it is preferred that the compression device has a storage container in which the compression liquid, in particular the water, can be temporarily stored. In this way, the compression liquid that has already been cooled can be reused, as a result of which the energy consumption for cooling the compression liquid can be reduced.
Des Weiteren umfasst im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung der Begriff „Fahrzeug" oder „Verkehrsmittel" oder andere ähnliche Begriffe wie nachfolgend genutzt Kraftfahrzeuge im Allgemeinen, wie Passagierautomobile umfassend Sports Utility Vehicles (SUV), Busse, Lastwagen, verschiedene kommerzielle Fahrzeuge, Wasserfahrzeuge umfassend verschiedene Boote und Schiffe, Flugzeuge, Flugdrohnen und dergleichen, Hybridfahrzeuge, Elektrofahrzeuge, Plug-in-Hybrid- Elektrofahrzeuge, Wasserstoff-Fahrzeuge und andere alternative Fahrzeuge. Wie hier angeführt, sind Hybridfahrzeuge Fahrzeuge mit zwei oder mehreren Energieträgern, zum Beispiel benzinbetriebene und gleichzeitig elektrisch betriebene Fahrzeuge. Furthermore, within the scope of the present invention, the term “vehicle” or “means of transport” or other similar terms as used below encompasses motor vehicles in general, such as passenger automobiles including sports utility vehicles (SUV), buses, trucks, various commercial vehicles, water vehicles including various boats and ships, aircraft, aerial drones and the like, hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, hydrogen vehicles, and other alternative vehicles. As stated here, hybrid vehicles are vehicles with two or more energy sources, for example gasoline-powered and electrically powered vehicles at the same time.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung weist die Verdichtungs vorrichtung eine Kompressionsvorrichtung, insbesondere eine Hochdruckpumpe, auf, die dazu eingerichtet ist, die Kompressionsflüssigkeit mit einem Arbeitsdruck P2 von bis zu 1000 bar der Verdichtungsvorrichtung zur Verfügung zu stellen, insbesondere dem Druckbehälter mit einem Druck von bis zu 1000 bar zuzuführen. According to a further embodiment, the compression device has a compression device, in particular a high-pressure pump, which is set up to make the compression fluid available to the compression device at a working pressure P2 of up to 1000 bar provide, in particular the pressure vessel with a pressure of up to 1000 bar.
Des Weiteren ist es bevorzugt, dass der Hochdruckspeichertank dazu eingerichtet ist, verdichteten Wasserstoff bis zu einem Druck von 1000 bar zwischenzuspeichern, und/oder die Verdichtungsvorrichtung dazu eingerichtet ist, den Wasser stoff auf einen Druck von bis zu 1000 bar zu verdichten. Furthermore, it is preferred that the high-pressure storage tank is set up to temporarily store compressed hydrogen up to a pressure of 1000 bar, and / or the compression device is set up to compress the hydrogen to a pressure of up to 1000 bar.
Ferner ist es bevorzugt, dass der zumindest eine Hochdruckspeichertank in mehrere Speichersegmente aufgeteilt ist, die bevorzugt unabhängig voneinander befüll- und/oder entleerbar sind, und/oder mehrere Hochdruckspeichertanks vorhanden sind, die bevorzugt unabhängig voneinander befüll- und/oder entleerbar sind. Furthermore, it is preferred that the at least one high-pressure storage tank is divided into several storage segments, which can preferably be filled and / or emptied independently of one another, and / or several high-pressure storage tanks are present, which can preferably be filled and / or emptied independently of one another.
Des Weiteren ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Befüllvorrichtung, insbesondere eine Steuereinrichtung, dazu eingerichtet ist, bei der Befüllung eines Speicherbehälters den zwischengespeicherten Wasserstoff lediglich so lange aus einem der Speichersegmente und/oder einem der Hochdruck speichertanks zu entnehmen, bis die Temperatur des jeweiligen Speichersegments und/oder des jeweiligen Hochdruckspeichertanks auf einen vorbestimmten Grenzwert (Tmin) gesunken ist, wobei der vorbestimmte Grenzwert in einem Bereich von -20°C bis -40°C, bevorzugt -25°C bis -35°C liegt. Erreicht die Temperatur des Speichersegments und/oder des Hochdruck-speichers, aus dem momentan der Wasserstoff entnommen wird, den vorbestimmten Grenzwert, kann auf ein anderes Speichersegment und/oder anderen Hochdruckspeicher gewechselt werden, um eine Unterkühlung bzw. ein Einfrieren des jeweiligen Speichersegments und/oder Hochdruckspeichers zu vermeiden. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the filling device, in particular a control device, is set up to remove the temporarily stored hydrogen from one of the storage segments and / or one of the high-pressure storage tanks when filling a storage container until the temperature of the respective storage segment and / or the respective high-pressure storage tank has dropped to a predetermined limit value (T min ), the predetermined limit value being in a range from -20 ° C to -40 ° C, preferably -25 ° C to -35 ° C. If the temperature of the storage segment and / or the high-pressure storage tank from which the hydrogen is currently being withdrawn reaches the predetermined limit value, a switch can be made to another storage segment and / or other high-pressure storage facility in order to prevent undercooling or freezing of the respective storage segment and / or or high-pressure storage tanks.
Hierbei kann in vorteilhafterweise der zumindest eine Hochdruckspeichertank in einer Kühlkammer, welche bevorzugt thermisch isoliert ist, vorgesehen sein, und darin auf eine vorbestimmte Temperatur TKühikammer gekühlt oder auf dieser gehalten werden zu können, wobei die vorbestimmte Temperatur TKühikammer der Kühlkammer in einem Bereich von -40°C bis 10°C, bevorzugt -20°C bis 5°C, weiter bevorzugt 1°C, liegen kann. In this case, the at least one high-pressure storage tank can advantageously be provided in a cooling chamber, which is preferably thermally insulated, and in a cooling chamber predetermined temperature T are cooled cooling chamber or held at this to be able, wherein the predetermined temperature T cooling chamber of the cooling chamber in a range of -40 ° C to 10 ° C, preferably -20 ° C to 5 ° C, more preferably from 1 ° C, can lie.
Des Weiteren kann die Befüllvorrichtung eine Verteil einrichtung (Dispenser) aufweisen, welche bevorzugt mit einer Temperiereinrichtung 50 versehen ist, mittels welcher der dem mindestens einen Speicherbehälter, insbesondere dem mindestens einen Speicherbehälter eines Fahrzeuges, zugeführte Wasserstoff, auf die individuell vorliegenden Rahmenbedingungen, konditioniert werden kann, hierbei wird bevorzugt der Wasserstoff bei einem Druck zwischen 350 bar und 700 bar und bei einer Temperatur von -33°C bis -40°C dem Speicherbehälter zugeführt. Furthermore, the filling device can have a distribution device (dispenser), which is preferably provided with a temperature control device 50, by means of which the hydrogen supplied to the at least one storage container, in particular the at least one storage container of a vehicle, can be conditioned to the individual framework conditions , in this case the hydrogen is preferably fed to the storage container at a pressure between 350 bar and 700 bar and at a temperature of -33 ° C to -40 ° C.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung weist die Befüllvorrichtung ferner eine Schnellkupplung auf, mittels der ein mobiler Wasserstoff- Vorratsspeicher mit der Befüllvorrichtung fluidführend verbindbar ist und mit dem verdichteten Wasserstoff befüllbar ist. According to a further embodiment of the present invention, the filling device also has a quick coupling, by means of which a mobile hydrogen storage device can be connected to the filling device in a fluid-carrying manner and can be filled with the compressed hydrogen.
Des Weiteren betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung eine Tankstelle, insbesondere Wasserstofftanksteile, zum Betanken eines Fahrzeugs mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff, aufweisend: mindestens eine Betankungsvorrichtung, die bevorzugt dazu eingerichtet ist zu entsprechenden, in den zu betankenden Fahrzeugen vorgesehenen Aufnahmevorrichtungen, zu korrespondieren, und die oben beschriebene Befüllvorrichtung zur Befüllung mindestens eines Speicherbehälters. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a filling station, in particular hydrogen tank parts, for refueling a vehicle with compressed hydrogen, comprising: at least one refueling device, which is preferably set up to correspond to corresponding receiving devices provided in the vehicles to be refueled, and the filling device described above for filling at least one storage container.
Des Weiteren ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Tankstelle zusätzlich einen Wasserstoff-Vorratsspeicher und/oder eine Schnellkupplung, mittels der ein mobiler Wasserstoff- Vorratsspeicher mit der Befüllvorrichtung fluidführend verbindbar ist, aufweist, wobei in dem Wasserstoff- Vorratsspeicher und/oder dem mobilen Wasserstoff- Vorratsspeicher gasförmiger Wasserstoff bei einem Druck von 1 bar bis 500 bar gespeichert und zur Zwischenspeicherung in dem Hochdruckspeichertank durch die Verdichtungsvorrichtung der Befüllvorrichtung auf einen Druck von bis zu 1000 bar verdichtet werden kann. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the filling station additionally has a hydrogen storage tank and / or a quick-release coupling, by means of which a mobile hydrogen storage tank can be connected to the filling device in a fluid-carrying manner, wherein in the hydrogen storage tank Storage tank and / or the mobile hydrogen storage tank gaseous hydrogen is stored at a pressure of 1 bar to 500 bar and can be compressed to a pressure of up to 1000 bar for intermediate storage in the high-pressure storage tank by the compression device of the filling device.
Ferner ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Tankstelle, insbesondere eine Steuereinrichtung, dazu eingerichtet ist, über einen cloudbasierten Server und/oder eine mobile App mit Clients, insbesondere zu betankenden Fahrzeugen, Informationen über deren Betankungsanforderungen wie Betankungsmenge, Betankungstemperatur, Betankungsdruck, Betankungs geschwindigkeit (Gramm/Sekünde), Betankungszeitpunkt und dergleichen auszutauschen und basierend auf den ausgetauschten Informationen entsprechend mindestens ein Betankungsprofil und/oder eine Betankungsvorhersage zu ermitteln bzw. zu erstellen. It is also advantageous if the filling station, in particular a control device, is set up to use a cloud-based server and / or a mobile app with clients, in particular vehicles to be refueled, to provide information about their refueling requirements such as refueling amount, refueling temperature, refueling pressure, refueling speed (grams / Seconds), refueling time and the like and, based on the exchanged information, determine or create at least one refueling profile and / or a refueling forecast.
Des Weiteren betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Befüllung mindestens eines Speicherbehälters, insbesondere eines Speicherbehälters eines Fahrzeuges, mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff, umfassend die Schritte: a) Einleiten des zu verdichtenden, insbesondere gasförmigen, Wasserstoffs, in einen Druckbehälter, in den eine Kompressionsflüssigkeit einleitbar ist, und b) Verdichten des zu verdichtenden Wasserstoffs durch Einleiten der Kompressionsflüssigkeit in den Druckbehälter oder durch Vergrößern des Flüssigkeitsvolumens der Kompressionsflüssigkeit innerhalb des Druckbehälters auf einen vorbestimmten Druck (Pi). Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for filling at least one storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with compressed hydrogen, comprising the steps: a) Introducing the, in particular gaseous, hydrogen to be compressed into a pressure container into which a compression liquid can be introduced , and b) compressing the hydrogen to be compressed by introducing the compression liquid into the pressure vessel or by increasing the liquid volume of the compression liquid within the pressure vessel to a predetermined pressure (Pi).
Ferner ist es bevorzugt, wenn die in den Druckbehälter eingeleitete Kompressionsflüssigkeit vor dem Einleiten oder Einspeisen gekühlt wird, insbesondere auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 1°C bis 5°C, insbesondere auf eine Temperatur von 1°C, gekühlt wird, um während der Verdichtung des zu verdichtenden Wasserstoffs diesen durch Kontakt mit der Kompressionsflüssigkeit passiv zu kühlen. Furthermore, it is preferred if the compression liquid introduced into the pressure vessel is cooled before being introduced or fed in, in particular to a temperature in the range from 1 ° C. to 5 ° C., in particular to a temperature of 1 ° C., in order to Compression of the too compressing hydrogen to passively cool this through contact with the compression liquid.
Des Weiteren ist es vorteilhaft, wenn während der Verdichtung des zu verdichtenden Wasserstoffs eine Füllstandhöhe der Kompressionsflüssigkeit von einer minimalen Füllstandhöhe Hmin auf eine vorbestimmte Füllstandhöhe HSoii angehoben wird, wodurch der Druck des Wasserstoffs auf einen vorbestimmten Sollwert erhöht wird. Furthermore, it is advantageous if, during the compression of the hydrogen to be compressed, a level of the compression liquid is raised from a minimum level H min to a predetermined level H Soii, whereby the pressure of the hydrogen is increased to a predetermined target value.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung weist das Verfahren ferner die folgenden Schritte auf: c) Zuführen und Zwischenspeichern des verdichteten Wasserstoffs zu und in mindestens einem Hochdruck speichertank, d)Absenken der Füllstandhöhe der Kompressions flüssigkeit in dem Druckbehälter, insbesondere zurück auf die minimale Füllstandhöhe Hmin, e) Zwischenspeichern der ausge lassenen Kompressionsflüssigkeit in einem Speicherbehälter. According to a further embodiment of the present invention, the method also has the following steps: c) supplying and temporarily storing the compressed hydrogen to and in at least one high-pressure storage tank, d) lowering the level of the compression liquid in the pressure vessel, in particular back to the minimum level H min , e) Intermediate storage of the released compression fluid in a storage container.
Ferner ist es bevorzugt, wenn das Verfahren zusätzlich die folgenden Schritte aufweist: f) unter Druck setzen der Kompressionsflüssigkeit auf einen Arbeitsdruck P2 von bis zu 1000 bar, bevorzugt mittels einer Hochdruckpumpe, g) Rückkühlen der unter Arbeitsdruck P2 gesetzten Kompressions flüssigkeit und h) Zuführen der unter Arbeitsdruck gesetzten Kompressionsflüssigkeit zu dem Druckbehälter, wodurch der in Schritt a) in den Druckbehälter eingelassene Wasserstoff auf den vorbestimmten Druck Pi verdichtet wird und somit für die Zwischenspeicherung in dem mindestens einen Hochdruckspeichertank aufbereitet ist, wodurch der Verfahrenskreislauf geschlossen ist und mit einem neuen Zyklus begonnen werden kann. Furthermore, it is preferred if the method additionally has the following steps: f) pressurizing the compression liquid to a working pressure P2 of up to 1000 bar, preferably by means of a high pressure pump, g) recooling the compression liquid put under working pressure P2 and h) supplying it the pressurized compression liquid to the pressure vessel, whereby the hydrogen admitted into the pressure vessel in step a) is compressed to the predetermined pressure Pi and is thus prepared for intermediate storage in the at least one high-pressure storage tank, whereby the process cycle is closed and with a new cycle can be started.
Die Befüllvorrichtung zur Befüllung mindestens eines Speicherbehälters mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff kann in einer Tankstelle, insbesondere in einer Wasserstofftanksteile, integriert sein. Des Weiteren kann die beschriebene Befüllvorrichtung in einem Verfahren zur Befüllung mindestens eines Speicherbehälters mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff verwendet werden. Daher können die weiteren Merkmale, die im Zusammenhang mit der obigen Beschreibung der Befüllvorrichtung offenbart wurden, auch auf die Tankstelle, insbesondere die Wasserstofftanksteile und das Verfahren zur Befüllung mindestens eines Speicherbehälters mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff angewendet werden. Dasselbe gilt umgekehrt für die Tankstelle sowie das Verfahren. The filling device for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen can be integrated in a filling station, in particular in a hydrogen tank part. Furthermore, the described Filling device can be used in a method for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen. Therefore, the further features that were disclosed in connection with the above description of the filling device can also be applied to the filling station, in particular the hydrogen tank parts and the method for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen. The same applies vice versa for the petrol station and the procedure.
Kurze Beschreibung der Figuren Brief description of the figures
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile einer Vorrichtung, einer Verwendung und/oder eines Verfahrens ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsformen unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegenden Zeichnungen. Von diesen Zeichnungen zeigt: Further features and advantages of a device, a use and / or a method emerge from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. From these drawings shows:
Fig. 1 schematisch eine bekannte Betankungsvorrichtung gemäß dem Stand der Technik, 1 schematically shows a known refueling device according to the prior art,
Fig. 2 vereinfacht eine Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Befüllvorrichtung, und Fig. 2 simplifies an embodiment of a filling device according to the invention, and
Fig. 3 vereinfacht eine Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Tankstelle mit einem mobilen Wasserstoff-VorratsSpeicher . 3 simplifies an embodiment of a filling station according to the invention with a mobile hydrogen storage tank.
Beschreibung von Ausführungsformen Description of embodiments
Gleiche Bezugszeichen, die in verschiedenen Figuren aufgeführt sind, benennen identische, einander entsprechende, oder funktionell ähnliche Elemente. The same reference symbols, which are listed in different figures, designate identical, corresponding, or functionally similar elements.
Figur 1 schematisch eine bekannte Betankungsvorrichtung gemäß dem Stand der Technik. Die Figur 1 zeigt einen Vorratsbehälter S für verflüssigten Wasserstoff, der ein Speichervolumen zwischen 10 und 200 m3 Wasserstoff aufweist. Derartige Speicherbehälter für verflüssigten Wasserstoff sind aus dem Stand der Technik hinlänglich bekannt. Im Rahmen von Wasserstofftanksteilen sind sie vorzugsweise unterirdisch und von den zu betankenden Fahrzeugen überfahrbar angeordnet. Figure 1 schematically shows a known refueling device according to the prior art. FIG. 1 shows a storage container S for liquefied hydrogen, which has a storage volume between 10 and 200 m 3 of hydrogen. Such storage containers for liquefied hydrogen are well known from the prior art. In the context of hydrogen tank parts, they are preferably arranged underground and so that the vehicles to be refueled can drive over them.
Vorgesehen sind des Weiteren eine Kryopumpe V sowie ein Kompressor V . Die Kryopumpe V wird über die Leitung 1, die vorzugsweise vakuumisoliert ausgebildet ist, aus dem Vorratsbehälter S mit flüssigem Wasserstoff versorgt. Die in der Praxis zur Anwendung kommenden Kryopumpen V sind speziell auf die bei der Betankung von Fahrzeugen vorliegenden Anforderungen ausgerichtet. Sie bieten die Möglichkeit, flüssigen Wasserstoff von ca. 1 bar auf bis zu 900 bar in einem zweistufigen Verdichtungsprozess zu komprimieren. Über die Leitung 1' kann gasförmiger Wasserstoff aus dem Vorratsbehälter S abgezogen und mittels des Kompressors bzw. der Kompressionseinheit V auf einen Druck zwischen 100 und 700 bar verdichtet werden. A cryopump V and a compressor V are also provided. The cryopump V is supplied with liquid hydrogen from the storage container S via the line 1, which is preferably designed to be vacuum-insulated. The cryopumps V that are used in practice are specially designed to meet the requirements when refueling vehicles. They offer the possibility of compressing liquid hydrogen from approx. 1 bar to up to 900 bar in a two-stage compression process. Gaseous hydrogen can be drawn off from the storage container S via the line 1 'and compressed to a pressure between 100 and 700 bar by means of the compressor or the compression unit V.
Zusätzlich zu dem Vorratsbehälter S sind mehrere Hochdruck- Speicherbehälter A und B vorgesehen. In der Praxis sind diese üblicherweise zu wenigstens drei unterschiedliche Druckbereiche abdeckenden Speicherbänken zusammengefasst. So sind die Hochdruck-Speicherbehälter A beispielsweise für einen Speicherdruck zwischen 400 und 700 bar ausgelegt, während die Hochdruck-Speicherbehälter B für einen Speicherdruck zwischen 300 und 500 bar ausgelegt sind. Im Regelfall sind weitere Speicherbehälter, die bspw. für einen Speicherdruck zwischen 50 und 400 bar ausgelegt sind, vorgesehen. Realisierbar sind jedoch auch Verfahren, bei denen lediglich eine oder zwei Speicherbänke oder auch lediglich ein oder zwei Hochdruck-Speicherbehälter vorgesehen werden. In addition to the storage tank S, several high-pressure storage tanks A and B are provided. In practice, these are usually combined into memory banks covering at least three different pressure areas. For example, the high-pressure storage tanks A are designed for a storage pressure between 400 and 700 bar, while the high-pressure storage tanks B are designed for a storage pressure between 300 and 500 bar. As a rule, further storage tanks, which are designed for a storage pressure between 50 and 400 bar, for example, are provided. However, methods can also be implemented in which only one or two storage banks or only one or two high-pressure storage containers are provided.
Figur 2 zeigt vereinfacht eine Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Befüllvorrichtung 100 zur Befüllung eines Speicherbehälters, insbesondere eines Speicherbehälters eines Fahrzeuges, mit verdichtetem gasförmigem Wasserstoff. Wie der Figur 2 entnommen werden kann, weist hierzu die Befüllvorrichtung 100 einen Verdichtungsvorrichtung 1 zum Verdichten des Wasserstoffs auf. In der dargestellten Ausführungsform wird der zu verdichtende Wasserstoff über eine Wasserstoff-Zuführleitung 21 von beispielsweise einem unterirdisch vorgesehenen Speichertank (nicht dargestellt), in dem der Wasserstoff flüssig und/oder gasförmig gespeichert ist, mit einem Druck von beispielsweise 30 bar der Verdichtungsvorrichtung 1 zugeführt. Zum Verdichten des Wasserstoffs weist die Verdichtungsvorrichtung einen Druckbehälter 2 auf, in welchen eine Kompressionsflüssigkeit 3 eingeleitet werden kann, insbesondere mit Druck in den Druckbehälter 2 eingeleitet werden kann. In einem Einleitschritt, wenn der gasförmige Wasserstoff in den drucklosen Druckbehälter 2 über die Wasserstoff-Zuführleitung 21 eingeleitet ist, befindet sich die Kompressionsflüssigkeit auf der mit Hmin gekennzeichneten Füllstandhöhe. Mit anderen Worten, der Druckbehälter 2 ist fast leer und bereit den zu komprimierenden bzw. verdichtenden Wasserstoff aufzunehmen. FIG. 2 shows, in a simplified manner, an embodiment of a filling device 100 according to the invention for filling a storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with compressed gaseous hydrogen. Again As can be seen from FIG. 2, for this purpose the filling device 100 has a compression device 1 for compressing the hydrogen. In the embodiment shown, the hydrogen to be compressed is fed to the compression device 1 at a pressure of 30 bar, for example, via a hydrogen feed line 21 from, for example, an underground storage tank (not shown) in which the hydrogen is stored in liquid and / or gaseous form. To compress the hydrogen, the compression device has a pressure vessel 2, into which a compression liquid 3 can be introduced, in particular can be introduced into the pressure vessel 2 with pressure. In an introduction step, when the gaseous hydrogen is introduced into the pressureless pressure vessel 2 via the hydrogen supply line 21, the compression liquid is at the fill level marked with H min. In other words, the pressure vessel 2 is almost empty and ready to receive the hydrogen to be compressed.
Ist der Behälter 2 vollständig mit dem zu verdichtenden Wasserstoff gefüllt, wird der Druckbehälter 2 über Sperrventile 24 abgeschlossen, womit der eingeleitete zu verdichtende Wasserstoff nicht entweichen kann. Danach wird über eine Kompressionsvorrichtung 6, insbesondere eine Hochdruckpumpe, die Kompressionsflüssigkeit mit einem vorbestimmten Druck in den Druckbehälter über eine Zuführleitung 7 von unten in den Druckbehälter eingeleitet, wodurch sich langsam der Füllstand der Kompressionsflüssigkeit 3 in dem Druckbehälter 2 erhöht und somit der darin eingesperrte Wasserstoff verdichtet wird. Erreicht der Füllstand der Kompressionsflüssigkeit in dem Druckbehälter den Sollfüllstand HSoii, ist der Verdichtungsvorgang abgeschlossen und der Wasserstoff wurde auf den gewünschten Druck verdichtet. Hierbei kann es insbesondere vorteilhaft sein, dass als Druckbehälter gängige Druckspeicher aus Carbonfaser-Material verwendet werden, insbesondere vom Typ IV. Hierbei kann es ferner vorteilhaft sein, wenn die Druckbehälter, insbesondere Druckspeicher, mit einem OTV (On-Tank-Valve) versehen sind, bei dem der Zugang, über den das Wasser eingeleitet wird, einen größeren Durchmesser aufweist als der Auslass, über den der komprimierte Wasserstoff ausgelassen wird. If the container 2 is completely filled with the hydrogen to be compressed, the pressure container 2 is closed by means of shut-off valves 24, so that the hydrogen to be compressed cannot escape. Thereafter, a compression device 6, in particular a high-pressure pump, is used to introduce the compression fluid at a predetermined pressure into the pressure vessel via a feed line 7 from below into the pressure vessel, which slowly increases the level of the compression fluid 3 in the pressure vessel 2 and thus the hydrogen trapped therein is compressed. When the level of the compression liquid in the pressure vessel reaches the target level H Soii , the compression process is complete and the hydrogen has been compressed to the desired pressure. It can be particularly advantageous here that common pressure accumulators made of carbon fiber material are used as pressure vessels, in particular of type IV. It can also be advantageous if the pressure vessels, in particular pressure accumulators, are provided with an OTV (on-tank valve) , in which the inlet through which the water is introduced has a larger diameter than the outlet through which the compressed hydrogen is discharged.
Um die Kompressionsflüssigkeit 3 aktiv zu kühlen, ist die dargestellte Verdichtungsvorrichtung 1 mit einer Kühlvorrichtung 4 versehen, welche beispielsweise die Kompressionsflüssigkeit 3, welche bevorzugt Wasser ist, auf eine Temperatur von ca. 1°C kühlen kann, auf diese Weise wird während der Verdichtung des Wasserstoffs dieser durch Kontakt mit der Kompressionsflüssigkeit 3 gekühlt werden, was eine nachgeschaltete Rückkühlung des Wasserstoffs obsolet macht oder zumindest vereinfacht. In order to actively cool the compression liquid 3, the compression device 1 shown is provided with a cooling device 4 which, for example, can cool the compression liquid 3, which is preferably water, to a temperature of approx. 1 ° C. In this way, during the compression of the Hydrogen these are cooled by contact with the compression liquid 3, which makes a downstream recooling of the hydrogen obsolete or at least simplifies it.
Ferner weist die dargestellte Verdichtungsvorrichtung einen Speicherbehälter 5 auf, in welchem die durch die Kühlvorrichtung gekühlte Kompressionsflüssigkeit 3 nach dem Entleeren des Druckbehälters 2 und vor einem erneuten Verdichtungsvorgang zwischengespeichert werden kann, wodurch die Kühlarbeit der Kühlvorrichtung 4 reduziert werden kann. Des Weiteren sind der Kühlvorrichtung 4 ein Drucksensor PT sowie ein Temperatursensor TT nachgeschaltet, welche mit einer Steuereinrichtung 60 verbunden sind und es somit der Steuereinrichtung 60 ermöglichen, die Kompressionsvorrichtung 6 und die Kühlvorrichtung 4 so zu steuern, dass die Kompressionsflüssigkeit 3 mit einer gewünschten Temperatur und mit einem gewünschten Druck in den Druckbehälter 2 eingeleitet werden kann. Furthermore, the compression device shown has a storage container 5 in which the compression liquid 3 cooled by the cooling device can be temporarily stored after the pressure container 2 has been emptied and before a renewed compression process, whereby the cooling work of the cooling device 4 can be reduced. Furthermore, the cooling device 4 is followed by a pressure sensor PT and a temperature sensor TT, which are connected to a control device 60 and thus enable the control device 60 to control the compression device 6 and the cooling device 4 in such a way that the compression liquid 3 has a desired temperature and can be introduced into the pressure vessel 2 at a desired pressure.
Nach Abschluss des Verdichtungsvorgangs wird ein Auslassventil der Sperrventile 24 geöffnet, und der verdichtete Wasserstoff über eine Fluidleitung 22 zu einem Hochdruckspeichertank 10 geleitet, wo der verdichtete (gasförmige) Wasserstoff mit einem Druck von bis zu 1000 bar zwischengespeichert werden kann, bis er über eine Betankungsleitung 23 zu einem zu befüllenden Fahrzeug geleitet wird. Der hier dargestellte Hochdruckspeichertank 10 weist mehrere Speichersegmente 10A bis 10C auf, welche unabhängig voneinander mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff befüllt werden können. Der darin unter Hochdruck gespeicherte Wasserstoff kann auch individuell von diesen Speichersegmenten 10A bis 10C entnommen werden, auf diese Weise kann sichergestellt werden, dass im Falle einer großen Entnahme von Wasserstoff, beispielsweise bei der Befüllung/Betankung eines LKWs, das einzelne Speichersegment 10A bis 10C nicht zu stark abgekühlt wird. After completion of the compression process, an outlet valve of the shut-off valves 24 is opened, and the compressed hydrogen via a fluid line 22 to one High-pressure storage tank 10, where the compressed (gaseous) hydrogen can be temporarily stored at a pressure of up to 1000 bar until it is passed via a refueling line 23 to a vehicle to be filled. The high-pressure storage tank 10 shown here has several storage segments 10A to 10C, which can be filled with compressed hydrogen independently of one another. The hydrogen stored therein under high pressure can also be withdrawn individually from these storage segments 10A to 10C, in this way it can be ensured that in the event of large amounts of hydrogen being withdrawn, for example when filling / refueling a truck, the individual storage segments 10A to 10C will not is cooled too much.
Figur 3 zeigt ferner vereinfacht eine Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Tankstelle 200 mit einem mobilen Wasserstoff-Vorratsspeicher 230. Auf der linken Seite der Figur 3 ist lediglich schematisch eine erfindungsgemäße Befüllvorrichtung 100 dargestellt, diese kann beispielsweise an einem Ort aufgestellt sein, an welcher der Wasserstoff erzeugt wird, beispielsweise bei einem Windkraftpark. Der dort beispielsweise durch Windkraft erzeugte Strom kann effizient zur Erzeugung von Wasserstoff genutzt werden, insbesondere zu Zeiten, wenn im Stromnetz Überschuss an Strom besteht. Der dort erzeugte Wasserstoff kann über die erfindungsgemäße Befüllvorrichtung 100 auf einen gewünschten Druck von beispielsweise 700 bar bis 1000 bar verdichtet und in einem mobilen Wasserstoff-Vorratsspeicher 210, welcher beispielsweise in einen LKW-Aufbau integriert sein kann oder von einem LKW austauschbar aufgenommen werden kann, zwischengespeichert werden. Durch den LKW kann dann der mobile Wasserstoff-Vorratsspeicher 210 zu einer Tankstelle 200 gebracht werden und dort über eine Schnellkupplung 220 mit einer Betankungsanlage der Tankstelle verbunden werden. Die in Figur 3 dargestellte Tankstelle 200 weist eine Verteileinrichtung 40 (Dispenser) auf, welche mit einer Temperiereinrichtung 50, insbesondere einer Kühleinrichtung, versehen ist. Auf diese Weise kann während der Befüllung eines Speicherbehälters eines Fahrzeugs, hier beispielsweise eines Buses oder eines PKWs, der Wasserstoff konditioniert werden. Mit anderen Worten wird die Temperatur sowie der Druck des Wasserstoffs, der zu dem Fahrzeug geleitet wird, derart temperiert und entspannt, dass die Parameter des Wasserstoffs den Anforderungen des Fahrzeugs entsprechen. Die Tankstelle 200 kann optional ebenfalls mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Befüllvorrichtung 100 versehen sein, womit der Wasserstoff, der dem mobilen Wasserstoff-Vorratsspeicher 230 entnommen wird, falls notwendig, nochmals verdichtet werden kann. FIG. 3 also shows a simplified embodiment of a filling station 200 according to the invention with a mobile hydrogen storage tank 230. A filling device 100 according to the invention is only shown schematically on the left-hand side of FIG , for example at a wind farm. The electricity generated there by wind power, for example, can be used efficiently to generate hydrogen, especially at times when there is an excess of electricity in the electricity grid. The hydrogen generated there can be compressed via the filling device 100 according to the invention to a desired pressure of, for example, 700 bar to 1000 bar and stored in a mobile hydrogen storage tank 210, which can for example be integrated into a truck body or can be exchanged by a truck, be cached. The mobile hydrogen storage tank 210 can then be brought by the truck to a filling station 200 and connected there to a filling station of the filling station via a quick coupling 220. The filling station 200 shown in FIG. 3 has a distribution device 40 (dispenser) which is provided with a temperature control device 50, in particular a cooling device. In this way, the hydrogen can be conditioned during the filling of a storage container of a vehicle, here for example a bus or a car. In other words, the temperature and the pressure of the hydrogen that is fed to the vehicle are tempered and relaxed in such a way that the parameters of the hydrogen correspond to the requirements of the vehicle. The filling station 200 can optionally also be provided with a filling device 100 according to the invention, with which the hydrogen that is taken from the mobile hydrogen storage tank 230 can be compressed again if necessary.
Es ist für den Fachmann ersichtlich, dass einzelne, jeweils in verschiedenen Ausführungsformen beschriebene Merkmale auch in einer einzigen Ausführungsform umgesetzt werden können, sofern sie nicht strukturell inkompatibel sind. Gleichermaßen können verschiedene Merkmale, die im Rahmen einer einzelnen Ausführungsform beschrieben sind, auch in mehreren Ausführungsformen einzeln oder in jeder geeigneten Unterkombination vorgesehen sein. It is evident to the person skilled in the art that individual features, each described in different embodiments, can also be implemented in a single embodiment, provided that they are not structurally incompatible. Likewise, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be provided in several embodiments individually or in any suitable sub-combination.
Bezugszeichenliste List of reference symbols
1 Verdichtungsvorrichtung 1 compaction device
2 Druckbehälter 2 pressure vessels
3 Kompressionsflüssigkeit 3 compression fluid
4 Kühlvorrichtung 4 cooling device
5 Speicherbehälter 5 storage tanks
6 Kompressionsvorrichtung 6 compression device
7 Zuführleitung 7 feed line
10 Hochdruckspeichertank 10 high pressure storage tank
10A, 10B, 10C Speichersegmente 20 Leitungssystem 21 Wasserstoff-Zuführleitung 10A, 10B, 10C storage segments 20 line system 21 Hydrogen supply line
22 Fluidleitung 22 fluid line
23 Betankungsleitung 23 Refueling line
24 Sperrventil 30 Kühlkammer 24 check valve 30 cooling chamber
40 Verteileinrichtung (Dispenser) 50 Temperiereinrichtung 60 Steuereinrichtung 100 Befüll orrichtung 40 Distribution device (dispenser) 50 Temperature control device 60 Control device 100 Filling device
200 Tankstelle 200 gas station
210 Wasserstoff-Vorratsspeicher 220 Schnellkupplung 210 hydrogen storage tank 220 quick coupling
230 mobiler Wasserstoff-Vorratsspeicher 230 mobile hydrogen storage tank

Claims

ANSPRÜCHE EXPECTATIONS
1. Befüllvorrichtung (100) zur Befüllung mindestens eines Speicherbehälters, insbesondere eines Speicherbehälters eines Fahrzeuges, mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff, umfassend: eine Verdichtungsvorrichtung (1) zum Verdichten des zu verdichtenden Wasserstoffs, mindestens einen Hochdruckspeichertank (10), welcher der Zwischenspeicherung des verdichteten Wasserstoffs dient, und ein Leitungssystem (20) über welches der zu verdichtende Wasserstoff der Verdichtungsvorrichtung (1) zugeführt werden kann, der in der Verdichtungsvorrichtung (1) verdichtete Wasserstoff dann dem Hochdruckspeichertank (10) zugeführt und von dort dem zu befüllenden Speicherbehälter zugeführt werden kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verdichtungsvorrichtung (1) einen Druckbehälter (2) umfasst, in welchem eine Kompressionsflüssigkeit (3), insbesondere Wasser, einleitbar ist, in welchen der zu verdichtende Wasserstoff im gasförmigen Zustand einleitbar und durch Vergrößerung des Flüssigkeitsvolumens der Kompressionsflüssigkeit (3) innerhalb des Druckbehälters (2) auf einen vorbestimmten Druck (Pi) verdichtbar ist. 1. Filling device (100) for filling at least one storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with compressed hydrogen, comprising: a compression device (1) for compressing the hydrogen to be compressed, at least one high-pressure storage tank (10) which serves to temporarily store the compressed hydrogen , and a line system (20) via which the hydrogen to be compressed can be fed to the compression device (1), the hydrogen compressed in the compression device (1) then fed to the high-pressure storage tank (10) and fed from there to the storage container to be filled, thereby characterized in that the compression device (1) comprises a pressure vessel (2) into which a compression liquid (3), in particular water, can be introduced, into which the hydrogen to be compressed can be introduced in the gaseous state and by increasing the liquid volume of the compression flow fluid (3) within the pressure vessel (2) can be compressed to a predetermined pressure (Pi).
2. Befüllvorrichtung (100) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Verdichtungsvorrichtung (1) ferner eine Kühlvorrichtung (4) aufweist, die dazu eingerichtet ist, die Kompressions flüssigkeit (3) auf eine vorbestimmte Temperatur (Ti), insbesondere auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 1°C bis 5°C, bevorzugt 1°C, zu kühlen, insbesondere bevor diese in den Druckbehälter (2) eingeleitet wird. 2. Filling device (100) according to claim 1, wherein the compression device (1) further comprises a cooling device (4) which is set up to the compression liquid (3) to a predetermined temperature (Ti), in particular to a temperature in the range of 1 ° C to 5 ° C, preferably 1 ° C, to cool, in particular before this is introduced into the pressure vessel (2).
3. Befüllvorrichtung (100) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, ferner umfassend eine Zuführleitung (21), über welche die Kompressionsflüssigkeit (3) dem Druckbehälter (2), insbesondere von unten, zuführbar ist. 4. Befüllvorrichtung (100) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Verdichtungsvorrichtung (1) ferner einen Speicherbehälter (5) umfasst, in dem die Kompressionsflüssigkeit (3), insbesondere das Wasser, zwischenspeicherbar ist. 3. Filling device (100) according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a feed line (21) via which the compression liquid (3) can be fed to the pressure vessel (2), in particular from below. 4. Filling device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the compression device (1) further comprises a storage container (5) in which the compression liquid (3), in particular the water, can be temporarily stored.
5. Befüllvorrichtung (100) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Verdichtungsvorrichtung (1) ferner eine Kompressionsvorrichtung (6), insbesondere eine Hochdruck pumpe, aufweist, die dazu eingerichtet ist, die Kompressions flüssigkeit mit einem Arbeitsdruck (P2) von bis zu 1000 bar der Verdichtungsvorrichtung (1) zur Verfügung zu stellen, insbesondere dem Druckbehälter (2) mit einem Druck von bis zu 1000 bar zuzuführen. 5. Filling device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the compression device (1) further comprises a compression device (6), in particular a high pressure pump, which is set up to the compression liquid with a working pressure (P2) of up to 1000 bar to make the compression device (1) available, in particular to supply the pressure vessel (2) with a pressure of up to 1000 bar.
6. Befüllvorrichtung (100) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei: der Hochdruckspeichertank (10) dazu eingerichtet ist, verdichteten Wasserstoff bis zu einem Druck von 1000 bar zwischenzuspeichern, und/oder die Verdichtungsvorrichtung (1) dazu eingerichtet ist, den Wasserstoff auf einen Druck von bis zu 1000 bar zu verdichten . 6. Filling device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein: the high-pressure storage tank (10) is set up to temporarily store compressed hydrogen up to a pressure of 1000 bar, and / or the compression device (1) is set up to transfer the hydrogen to a Compress pressure of up to 1000 bar.
7. Befüllvorrichtung (100) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der zumindest eine Hochdruckspeichertank7. Filling device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one high-pressure storage tank
(10) in mehrere Speichersegmente (10A, 10B, 10C) aufgeteilt ist, die bevorzugt unabhängig voneinander befüll- und/oder entleerbar sind, und/oder mehrere Hochdruckspeichertanks (10) aufweist, die bevorzugt unabhängig voneinander befüll- und/oder entleerbar sind. (10) is divided into several storage segments (10A, 10B, 10C), which can preferably be filled and / or emptied independently of one another, and / or has several high-pressure storage tanks (10) which can preferably be filled and / or emptied independently of one another.
8. Befüllvorrichtung (100) nach Anspruch 7, wobei die Befüllvorrichtung (100), insbesondere eine Steuereinrichtung (60), dazu eingerichtet ist, bei der Befüllung eines Speicherbehälters den zwischengespeicherten Wasserstoff lediglich so lange aus einem der Speichersegmente (10A, 10B, IOC) und/oder einem der Hochdruckspeichertanks (10) zu entnehmen, bis die Temperatur des jeweiligen Speichersegments und/oder Hochdruckspeichertanks auf einen vorbestimmten Grenzwert (Tmin) gesunken ist, wobei der vorbestimmte Grenzwert in einem Bereich von -20°C bis -40°C, bevorzugt - 25°C bis -35°C liegt. 8. Filling device (100) according to claim 7, wherein the filling device (100), in particular a control device (60), is configured to use the temporarily stored hydrogen when a storage container is filled can only be taken from one of the storage segments (10A, 10B, IOC) and / or one of the high-pressure storage tanks (10) until the temperature of the respective storage segment and / or high-pressure storage tank has fallen to a predetermined limit value (T min ), the predetermined limit being Limit value is in a range from -20 ° C to -40 ° C, preferably -25 ° C to -35 ° C.
9. Befüllvorrichtung (100) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der zumindest eine Hochdruckspeichertank9. Filling device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one high-pressure storage tank
(10) in einer Kühlkammer (30), welche bevorzugt thermisch isoliert ist, vorgesehen ist, um darin auf eine vorbestimmte Temperatur (TKühikammer) gekühlt oder auf dieser gehalten werden zu können, wobei die vorbestimmte Temperatur (TKühikammer) der Kühlkammer (30) in einem Bereich von -40°C bis 10°C, bevorzugt -20°C bis 5°C, weiter bevorzugt 1°C, liegt. (10) is thermally insulated in a cooling chamber (30), which preferably is provided therein cooled to a predetermined temperature (T cooling chamber) or can be maintained at this, wherein the predetermined temperature (T cooling chamber) the cooling chamber (30 ) in a range from -40 ° C to 10 ° C, preferably -20 ° C to 5 ° C, more preferably 1 ° C.
10. Befüllvorrichtung (100) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, ferner aufweisend eine Verteileinrichtung (40)10. Filling device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a distribution device (40)
(Dispenser), welche bevorzugt mit einer Temperiereinrichtung(Dispenser), which is preferably equipped with a temperature control device
(50) versehen ist, mittels welcher der dem mindestens einen Speicherbehälter, insbesondere dem mindestens einen Speicherbehälter eines Fahrzeuges, zugeführte Wasserstoff, auf die individuell vorliegenden Rahmenbedingungen, konditioniert werden kann, hierbei wird bevorzugt der Wasserstoff bei einem Druck zwischen 350 bar und 700 bar und bei einer Temperatur von -33°C bis -40°C dem Speicherbehälter zugeführt . (50) is provided, by means of which the hydrogen supplied to the at least one storage tank, in particular the at least one storage tank of a vehicle, can be conditioned to the individually prevailing framework conditions, in this case the hydrogen is preferred at a pressure between 350 bar and 700 bar and fed to the storage tank at a temperature of -33 ° C to -40 ° C.
11. Befüllvorrichtung (100) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, ferner aufweisend eine Schnellkupplung (220), mittels der ein mobiler Wasserstoff-Vorratsspeicher (230) mit der Befüllvorrichtung (100) fluidführend verbindbar ist und mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff befüllbar ist. 12. Tankstelle (200), insbesondere Wasserstofftanksteile, zum Betanken eines Fahrzeugs mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff, umfassend: mindestens eine Betankungsvorrichtung, die bevorzugt dazu eingerichtet ist zu entsprechenden, in den zu betankenden Fahrzeugen vorgesehenen Aufnahmevorrichtungen, zu korrespondieren, und die Befüllvorrichtung (100) zur Befüllung mindestens eines Speicherbehälters nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11. 11. Filling device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a quick coupling (220), by means of which a mobile hydrogen storage tank (230) can be connected to the filling device (100) in a fluid-carrying manner and can be filled with compressed hydrogen. 12. Filling station (200), in particular hydrogen tank parts, for refueling a vehicle with compressed hydrogen, comprising: at least one refueling device, which is preferably set up to correspond to corresponding receiving devices provided in the vehicles to be refueled, and the filling device (100) for Filling of at least one storage container according to one of Claims 1 to 11.
13. Tankstelle (200) nach Anspruch 12, ferner umfassend: einen Wasserstoff-Vorratsspeicher (210), und/oder eine Schnellkupplung (220), mittels der ein mobiler Wasserstoff-Vorratsspeicher (230) mit der Befüllvorrichtung (100) fluidführend verbindbar ist, wobei in dem Wasserstoff- Vorratsspeicher (210) und/oder dem mobilen Wasserstoff- Vorratsspeicher (230) gasförmiger Wasserstoff bei einem Druck von 1 bar bis 500 bar gespeichert und zur Zwischenspeicherung in dem Hochdruckspeichertank (10) durch die Verdichtungsvorrichtung (1) der Befüllvorrichtung (100) auf einen Druck von bis zu 1000 bar verdichtet werden kann. 13. Gas station (200) according to claim 12, further comprising: a hydrogen storage tank (210), and / or a quick coupling (220), by means of which a mobile hydrogen storage tank (230) can be connected to the filling device (100) in a fluid-carrying manner, whereby in the hydrogen storage tank (210) and / or the mobile hydrogen storage tank (230) gaseous hydrogen is stored at a pressure of 1 bar to 500 bar and for intermediate storage in the high-pressure storage tank (10) by the compression device (1) of the filling device ( 100) can be compressed to a pressure of up to 1000 bar.
14. Tankstelle (200) nach 12 oder 13, wobei die Tankstelle (200), insbesondere eine Steuereinrichtung (60), dazu eingerichtet ist, über einen cloudbasierten Server und/oder eine mobile App mit Clients, insbesondere zu betankenden Fahrzeugen, Informationen über deren Betankungsanforderungen wie Betankungsmenge, Betankungstemperatur, Betankungsdruck, Betankungsgeschwindigkeit (Gramm/Sekünde), Betankungs zeitpunkt und dergleichen auszutauschen und entsprechend mindestens ein Betankungsprofil und/oder eine Betankungs vorhersage zu ermitteln. 14. Gas station (200) according to 12 or 13, wherein the gas station (200), in particular a control device (60), is set up to use a cloud-based server and / or a mobile app with clients, in particular vehicles to be refueled, to provide information about their Replace refueling requirements such as refueling quantity, refueling temperature, refueling pressure, refueling speed (grams / second), refueling time and the like and determine at least one refueling profile and / or a refueling forecast accordingly.
15. Tankstelle (200) nach Anspruch 14, wobei die Tankstelle (200), insbesondere die Steuereinrichtung (60), dazu eingerichtet ist, basierend auf dem mindestens einen Betankungsprofil und/oder der einen Betankungsprognose, die Befüllvorrichtung (100) zu steuern und/oder zu regeln, insbesondere Zustandsparameter, insbesondere die gespeicherte Wasserstoffmenge, die Wasserstofftemperatur und den Druck des gespeicherten Wasserstoffs, des in dem mindestens einen Hochdruckspeichertank (10) zwischengespeicherten Wasserstoffs zu steuern und/oder zu regeln. 15. Gas station (200) according to claim 14, wherein the gas station (200), in particular the control device (60), is set up based on the at least one fueling profile and / or the one fueling forecast that To control and / or regulate the filling device (100), in particular to control and / or regulate state parameters, in particular the amount of hydrogen stored, the hydrogen temperature and the pressure of the stored hydrogen, of the hydrogen temporarily stored in the at least one high-pressure storage tank (10).
16. Verfahren zur Befüllung mindestens eines Speicherbehälters, insbesondere eines Speicherbehälters eines Fahrzeuges, mit verdichtetem Wasserstoff, umfassend die Schritte: a) Einleiten des zu verdichtenden, insbesondere gasförmigen, Wasserstoffs, in einen Druckbehälter (2), in den eine Kompressionsflüssigkeit (3) einleitbar ist, und b) Verdichten des zu verdichtenden Wasserstoffs durch Einleiten der Kompressionsflüssigkeit (3) in den Druckbehälter (2) oder durch Vergrößern des Flüssigkeits volumens der Kompressionsflüssigkeit (3) innerhalb des Druckbehälters (2) auf einen vorbestimmten Druck (Pi). 16. A method for filling at least one storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with compressed hydrogen, comprising the steps: a) Introducing the hydrogen to be compressed, in particular gaseous hydrogen, into a pressure container (2) into which a compression liquid (3) can be introduced is, and b) compressing the hydrogen to be compressed by introducing the compression liquid (3) into the pressure vessel (2) or by increasing the liquid volume of the compression liquid (3) within the pressure vessel (2) to a predetermined pressure (Pi).
17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 16, bei dem ferner die in den Druckbehälter (2) eingeleitete Kompressionsflüssigkeit vor dem Einleiten oder Einspeisen gekühlt wird, insbesondere auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 1°C bis 5°C, insbesondere auf eine Temperatur von 1°C, gekühlt wird, um während der Verdichtung des zu verdichtenden Wasserstoffs diesen durch Kontakt mit der Kompressionsflüssigkeit passiv zu kühlen. 17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising cooling the compression liquid introduced into the pressure vessel (2) prior to introduction or feeding, in particular to a temperature in the range from 1 ° C to 5 ° C, in particular to a temperature of 1 ° C , is cooled in order to passively cool the hydrogen to be compressed by contact with the compression liquid during the compression.
18. Verfahren nach Anspruch 16 oder 17, wobei während der Verdichtung des zu verdichtenden Wasserstoffs eine Füllstandhöhe der Kompressionsflüssigkeit (3) von einer minimalen Füllstandhöhe (Hmin) auf eine vorbestimmte Füllstandhöhe (HSoii) angehoben wird, wodurch der Druck des Wasserstoffs auf einen vorbestimmten Sollwert erhöht wird. 18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, wherein during the compression of the hydrogen to be compressed, a level of the compression liquid (3) from a minimum level (H min) to a predetermined level (H Soii) is raised, whereby the pressure of the hydrogen to a predetermined setpoint is increased.
19. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 16 bis 18, ferner umfassend die Schritte: c) Zuführen und Zwischenspeichern des verdichteten Wasserstoffs zu und in mindestens einem Hochdruckspeichertank (10), d) Absenken der Füllstandhöhe der Kompressionsflüssigkeit (3) in dem Druckbehälter (2), insbesondere zurück auf die minimale Füllstandhöhe (Hmin) , e) Zwischenspeichern der ausgelassenen Kompressions flüssigkeit (3) in einem Speicherbehälter (5). 20. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 16 bis 19, ferner umfassend die Schritte: f) unter Druck setzen der Kompressionsflüssigkeit auf einen Arbeitsdruck (P2) von bis zu 1000 bar, bevorzugt mittels einer Hochdruckpumpe, g) Rückkühlen der unter Arbeitsdruck (P2) gesetzten19. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, further comprising the steps: c) supplying and temporarily storing the compressed hydrogen to and in at least one high-pressure storage tank (10), d) lowering the level of the compression liquid (3) in the pressure vessel (2), in particular back to the minimum level (H min) , e) temporarily storing the discharged compression liquid (3) in a storage container (5). 20. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 19, further comprising the steps: f) pressurizing the compression fluid to a working pressure (P2) of up to 1000 bar, preferably by means of a high pressure pump, g) recooling the working pressure (P2)
Kompressionsflüssigkeit und h) Zuführen der unter Arbeitsdruck gesetztenCompression fluid and h) supplying the pressurized
Kompressionsflüssigkeit zu dem Druckbehälter (2), wodurch der in Schritt a) in den Druckbehälter (2) eingelassene Wasserstoff auf den vorbestimmten Druck (Pi) verdichtet wird. Compression fluid to the pressure vessel (2), whereby the hydrogen admitted into the pressure vessel (2) in step a) is compressed to the predetermined pressure (Pi).
EP21740432.6A 2020-06-24 2021-06-24 Filling apparatus for filling storage containers with comrpessed hydrogen, filling station having same and method for filling a storage container Pending EP4073416A1 (en)

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DE102020207827.0A DE102020207827A1 (en) 2020-06-24 2020-06-24 Filling device for filling storage containers with compressed hydrogen, filling station having the same and method for filling a storage container
PCT/EP2021/067327 WO2021260100A1 (en) 2020-06-24 2021-06-24 Filling apparatus for filling storage containers with comrpessed hydrogen, filling station having same and method for filling a storage container

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DE102021213172A1 (en) 2021-11-23 2023-05-25 Argo Gmbh Multi-stage compression device for compressing a gaseous medium, system and filling station having the same and method for multi-stage compression of a gaseous medium
CN115504111B (en) * 2022-09-29 2023-06-23 内蒙古稀土功能材料创新中心有限责任公司 Cellar type storage system for hydrogen storage pressure vessel of hydrogen adding station type

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