EP4069883A1 - Dispositif comprenant des nanofils - Google Patents
Dispositif comprenant des nanofilsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4069883A1 EP4069883A1 EP20812360.4A EP20812360A EP4069883A1 EP 4069883 A1 EP4069883 A1 EP 4069883A1 EP 20812360 A EP20812360 A EP 20812360A EP 4069883 A1 EP4069883 A1 EP 4069883A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nanowires
- layer
- portions
- openings
- parts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QHASIAZYSXZCGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenenickel Chemical compound [Se]=[Ni] QHASIAZYSXZCGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CJOBVZJTOIVNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium sulfide Chemical compound [Cd]=S CJOBVZJTOIVNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 32
- 102000053602 DNA Human genes 0.000 description 31
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 31
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 28
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 14
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- -1 selenide ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Se-2].[Cd+2] UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (fluoren-9-ylideneamino) n-naphthalen-1-ylcarbamate Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C1=NOC(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium oxide Inorganic materials [Cd]=O CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Cd+2] CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009666 routine test Methods 0.000 description 3
- IYKVLICPFCEZOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenourea Chemical compound NC(N)=[Se] IYKVLICPFCEZOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 description 3
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Inorganic materials [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002588 FeOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000224 chemical solution deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 2
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CNPURSDMOWDNOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxy-7h-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine Chemical compound COC1=NC(N)=NC2=C1C=CN2 CNPURSDMOWDNOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AQCDIIAORKRFCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium selenide Chemical compound [Cd]=[Se] AQCDIIAORKRFCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- AEJIMXVJZFYIHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cu] AEJIMXVJZFYIHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBJNMUFDOHXDFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu].[Cu] LBJNMUFDOHXDFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MSNWSDPPULHLDL-UHFFFAOYSA-K ferric hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Fe+3] MSNWSDPPULHLDL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052949 galena Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Pb]=S XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/06—Coating on selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
- C23C18/1204—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material inorganic material, e.g. non-oxide and non-metallic such as sulfides, nitrides based compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
- C23C18/1204—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material inorganic material, e.g. non-oxide and non-metallic such as sulfides, nitrides based compounds
- C23C18/1208—Oxides, e.g. ceramics
- C23C18/1216—Metal oxides
Definitions
- the present description relates generally to nanostructures, in particular nanowires, and electronic devices using nanowires.
- the nanowires are defined by elongated structures having nanometric dimensions in their transverse directions, that is to say dimensions less than one micrometer, preferably less than 500 nm. Nanowires are used in particular in sensors measuring physical quantities, such as pressure or stresses, causing deformation of the nanowires. In particular, nanowires are used in pressure sensors, gas sensors, piezoelectric generators, etc. The more the nanowires have small transverse dimensions and are numerous, the higher the resolution of the sensor and its sensitivity can be.
- One embodiment overcomes all or part of the drawbacks of the known processes for forming nanowires.
- an embodiment provides a method of forming nanowires, comprising the formation on a metallic region of a layer having through openings, and the formation in the through openings of portions deposited in a chemical bath, constituting all or part of the nanowires and extending from the metallic region.
- the chemical bath for forming said portions comprises, in solution:
- the concentrations of the first and second compounds and / or their ratio being below a concentration threshold of said chemical bath, said threshold being such that, when the concentrations are below said threshold, a growth of said portions parallel to said layer is favored by with respect to a growth of said portions in a thickness direction of said layer, said threshold preferably being of the order of 10 mM; and or
- the chemical bath comprising one or more additives suitable for promoting a growth of said portions parallel to said layer with respect to a growth of said portions in the direction of thickness of said layer, preferably citrate or chloride ions; and or
- Said metal cations are cations of at least one metal from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, Ni, Ag, and Cu; and or
- the first compound comprises at least one component from the group consisting of nitrates, acetates, chlorides and sulphates; and or
- the second compound comprises at least one component from the group consisting of HTMA, ammonia, sodium hydroxide, thiourea, selenourea, and sodium selenite.
- said portions constitute first parts of the nanowires, the method comprising the deposition in a chemical bath of second parts of the nanowires extending from the first parts.
- the composition of the chemical bath is different for the formations of the first and second parts.
- the chemical bath to form the second parts comprises, in solution:
- the concentration threshold of the chemical bath to form the second parts being so that, when the concentrations are greater than this threshold, a growth of the second parts orthogonally to said layer is favored with respect to a growth of the second parts parallel to said layer, the concentration threshold of the chemical bath to form the second parts preferably being of the order of 20 mM; and or
- the chemical bath for forming the second parts comprising one or more additives suitable for promoting a growth of the second parts orthogonally to said layer with respect to a growth of the second parts parallel to said layer, preferably polyethyleneimide or 1'ethylenediamine; and or
- the first compound being in substoichiometric concentration relative to the second compound.
- Said metal cations of the chemical bath to form the second parts are cations of at least one metal from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, Ni, Ag, and Cu; and or
- the first compound of the chemical bath to form the second parts comprises at least one component from the group consisting of nitrates, acetates, chlorides and sulphates; and or
- the second compound of the chemical bath to form the second parts comprises at least one component from the group consisting of HTMA, ammonia, sodium hydroxide, thiourea, selenourea, and sodium selenite.
- the method comprises forming, at one end of the nanowires opposite to said metallic region, an electrically conductive region in contact with the nanowires.
- the method comprises forming a polymer matrix between the nanowires.
- the method comprises removing said layer.
- the metallic region comprises at least one of the materials from the group consisting of gold, nickel, copper, palladium and platinum.
- the metallic region has a thickness greater than 100 nm.
- said layer is obtained by lithography from a layer comprising a block copolymer or from a layer sensitive to electrons or to ultraviolet radiation.
- said layer is defined by a DNA origami.
- the nanowires have a transverse dimension less than 300 nm, preferably less than 50 nm;
- the nanowires have a length greater than 500 nm, preferably greater than 1 ⁇ m; and or
- - Said layer has a thickness less than 100 nm, preferably less than 50 nm.
- an embodiment provides a method of forming nanowires, comprising the formation of a DNA origami having through openings, and the formation in the through openings of portions constituting all or part of the nanowires .
- said portions are deposited in a chemical bath.
- the origami and the openings it comprises are made before fixing the origami on a substrate.
- said portions constitute first parts of the nanowires, and second parts of the nanowires extending from the first parts are deposited in a chemical bath.
- the composition of the chemical bath is different for the formations of the first and second parts.
- the method comprises forming a polymer matrix between the nanowires.
- the method comprises removing at least part of the DNA origami.
- One embodiment provides a device obtained by a method as defined above, in which the origami comprises folded DNA strands having parts attached to each other by staples.
- the DNA origami is located on a layer made of the same material as that of the nanowires, said portions extending from said layer.
- the DNA origami is located on a metallic region and, preferably:
- - Said metallic region has a thickness greater than 100 nm; and or
- the device comprises, at one end of the nanowires opposite to said metallic region, an electrically conductive region in contact with the nanowires.
- the metallic region comprises at least one of the materials from the group consisting of gold, nickel, copper, palladium and platinum; and or
- the nanowires are piezoelectric, preferably the Nanowires having a wurtzite-like crystal structure and / or comprise at least one of the materials from the group consisting of zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, and nickel selenide.
- One embodiment provides a device in which:
- the nanowires have a transverse dimension less than 40 n, preferably less than 20 n;
- the nanowires have a length greater than 500 nm, preferably greater than 1 ⁇ m; and or
- the nanowires have a density greater than 10 nanowires per square micrometer, preferably greater than 50 nanowires per square micrometer; and or
- - DNA origami has a thickness between of the order of 2 nm and of the order of 100 nm, preferably of the order of 10 n.
- One embodiment provides for a sensor pixel, comprising a device as defined above.
- One embodiment provides a sensor, preferably fingerprints, comprising several pixels as defined above.
- the pixels are located on the side of a face of a substrate comprising, directly above each pixel, at least part of a circuit associated with this pixel.
- Figure 1 is a sectional view, partial and schematic, showing a step of a first embodiment of a process for manufacturing nanowires
- Figure 2 is a sectional view, partial and schematic, showing another step of the first embodiment
- Figure 3 is a sectional view, partial and schematic, showing another step of the first embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a partial and schematic sectional view showing a step of a second embodiment of a method for manufacturing nanowires
- Figure 5 is a sectional view, partial and schematic, showing another step of the second embodiment
- Figure 6 is a sectional view, partial and schematic, showing another step of the second embodiment
- FIG. 7 is a partial and schematic sectional view showing a step of an example of a method for manufacturing a sensor comprising nanowires, implementing the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 6;
- Figure 8 is a sectional view, partial and schematic, showing another step of the example process.
- Figure 9 is a sectional view, partial and schematic, showing another step of the example process.
- Figures 1 to 3 are sectional views, partial and schematic, showing successive steps of a first embodiment of a manufacturing process of nanowires. More precisely, the nanowires are formed by chemical bath deposition. During such a deposition, a priming surface is placed in contact with a solution defining the chemical bath. The nanowires grow on the priming surface. The material of the nanowires forming from the dissolved contents of the solution.
- the support 110 is a semiconductor wafer, preferably in silicon.
- the semiconductor wafer has a front face (upper face in the figures) covered with an insulating layer, not shown.
- the support 110 is covered with a metallic layer 120.
- the metallic layer thus defines a metallic region.
- the support 110 is metallic and defines the metallic region.
- the upper face of the metallic layer 120 that is to say the free face of the metallic region, is intended to constitute an initiation surface on which the future nanowires will be formed in the remainder of the process.
- the thickness of the metal layer 120 is preferably greater than or equal to 40 nm or approximately 40 nm, for example greater than 50 nm, more preferably greater than 100 nm, even more preferably greater than 150 nm. Compared to a thinner layer, this makes it possible to improve the state of the priming surface presented by the layer 120.
- the metallic region 120 can be of any metal.
- the lattice parameter of the metal and the crystal orientation of the metal region 120 are suited to the formation of the crystal lattice of the nanowires.
- the metallic region 120 is preferably in the group consisting of gold, nickel, copper, palladium, and platinum. More preferably, the metallic region is gold.
- the support 110 is covered with a bonding layer not shown, for example made of chromium or titanium.
- the tie layer makes it possible, compared to an embodiment in which this layer is omitted, to facilitate the formation of the metallic layer 120 and to avoid various problems of stability and / or of adhesion of the metallic layer 120 on the support 110.
- a layer 130 is then formed on the free face of the metallic region 120.
- the layer 130 is a perforated layer, that is to say that it has, or has, through openings 135.
- the openings 135 are preferably arranged in a network, more preferably in a regular network such as a network having, in top view (that is to say seen from the upper part of FIG. 1), a symmetry of order two, three, four or six.
- the openings 135 are preferably arranged in a matrix, the matrix having the same row and column pitches.
- Each opening 135 has for example a shape of section, that is to say a shape in top view, rectangular or, preferably, square.
- the section can also have a rounded shape, for example circular.
- all the openings 135 have the same cross-sectional shape and, more preferably, the same cross-section dimensions.
- the openings 135 have a transverse dimension A of less than 300 n, more preferably less than 50 nm, even more preferably less than 20 nm.
- the transverse dimension A is also preferably greater than 5 nm, more preferably greater than approximately 10 nm.
- the network of openings 135 has a distance B between openings neighboring between 0.5 and 3 times the transverse dimension A of the openings 135. The distance between two openings is understood to mean the distance separating the edges closest to the two openings. In the case of a regular pattern, the pattern pitch is defined by the value A + B.
- the perforated layer 130 can be obtained by electronic lithography from an electron sensitive layer, for example a layer of polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA.
- the perforated layer 130 can also be obtained by lithography by ultraviolet radiation, preferably by so-called deep ultraviolet radiation, that is to say of wavelengths less than 200 nm.
- the perforated layer then results from a layer sensitive to ultraviolet radiation.
- the perforated layer 130 can also be obtained from a layer comprising a block copolymer.
- a block copolymer is defined by a combination of at least two immiscible and chemically bonded polymers. Each of the polymers defines a block of the copolymer. The immiscibility results in the formation of separate phases, and one of the phases is then removed to form the openings 135. The size of the blocks is then chosen so as to obtain the desired dimensions of the openings 135.
- the perforated layer 130 can also be replaced by an origami of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) such as that of the embodiments described below in relation to FIGS. 4 to 6.
- DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
- the material of the nanowires is deposited by a chemical bath.
- Portions 210 of the deposited material are formed in the openings 135 on the metallic region 120.
- the portions 210 extend from the metallic region 120. More specifically, the portions 210 are in contact with the metallic region 120.
- the deposited material can be any material that can be formed by chemical bath deposition.
- the deposited material can be a metal oxide such as nickel oxide (NiO), silver oxide (AgO), copper oxide (CU2O), or for example cadmium oxide (CdO) .
- the material deposited can also be a metal hydroxide, preferably iron (III) hydroxide (FeOOH), or copper hydroxide (Cu (OH) 2 ).
- the deposited material can also be a chalcogenide, such as cadmium sulfide (CdS), zinc sulfide (ZnS), lead sulfide (PbS), cadmium selenide (CdSe), zinc selenide (ZnSe) , or for example nickel selenide (NiSe).
- the deposited material has piezoelectric properties, more preferably, the deposited material is zinc oxide (ZnO).
- the temperature of the chemical bath is between 60 ° C and 100 ° C.
- the deposit is preferably carried out for a period of between 1 minute and 60 minutes, more preferably between 5 minutes and 30 minutes.
- each portion 210 constitutes a nanowire.
- the portions 210 completely fill the openings 135, and the length of the nanowires is then equal to the thickness of the perforated layer 130.
- each nanowire is formed by deposition in a chemical bath on one of the portions 210.
- the number and the positions of the nanowires correspond to the number and to the positions of the portions 210.
- the perforated layer 130 makes it possible to obtain a number of portions 210 greater than the number of portions that would be obtained by omitting the perforated layer 130.
- the perforated layer thus makes it possible to increase the number of nanowires per unit area.
- the perforated layer 130 makes it possible to obtain portions 210 more evenly distributed than portions that would be obtained without the perforated layer 130.
- the perforated layer 130 therefore makes it possible to increase the regularity of the positions of the nanowires.
- the transverse dimensions of the nanowires are the transverse dimensions of the portions 210 (that is to say the lateral dimensions in the orientation of the figure), or are a function of the transverse or lateral dimensions of the portions 210.
- each portion 210 has lateral dimensions smaller, preferably equal, than the transverse dimensions of the openings 135.
- the perforated layer 130 makes it possible to obtain the desired dimensions of the nanowires more easily than in the absence of a perforated layer.
- the chemical bath to form the portions 210 preferably comprises, in solution: - zinc nitrate, Zn (N0 3 ) 2 , and hexamethylenetetramine, HMTA, in concentrations less than 10 mmol / L; and or
- additives suitable for promoting transverse growth (parallel to the layer 130) of the portions 210, relative to a growth of the portions 210 in the direction of thickness of the layer 130 preferably comprise ions. citrate or chloride.
- compositions defined above of the chemical bath in particular a concentration below the threshold of 10 mmol / L (unit often denoted mM) of Zn (N0 3 ) 2 and of HMTA, make it possible to guarantee that 'a portion 210 is formed in each of the openings 135.
- These compositions further make it possible to ensure that, in each opening 135, the portion 210 entirely covers the bottom of the opening 135.
- the number of portions 210 is equal to that of the openings 135 and the transverse dimensions of each portion 210 may be equal to those of the openings 135.
- the nanowires resulting from such a chemical bath are therefore distributed more regularly and / or have more regular transverse dimensions than for baths chemicals with different compositions.
- Zn (N03) 2 and HMTA constitute, in the case of the formation of ZnO nanowires, first and second respective compounds which may be, in the case of formation of other materials, different from Zn (N0 3 ) 2 and / or of HMTA.
- the first compound presents, when it is in solution in the chemical bath, cations of at least one metal entering into the composition of the nanowires formed.
- the first compound constitutes a source of metal cations.
- This or these metals are preferably from the group consisting of zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu).
- the first compound comprises one or more components among the nitrate, the acetate, the chloride, or for example the sulphate, of the metal or metals considered.
- the first compound can therefore comprise or consist of one or more components from zinc nitrate (Zn (N0 3 ) 2 ), zinc acetate (Zn (CH 3 COO) 2), zinc chloride (ZnCl2 ), zinc sulfate (ZnSCy) and more generally the components of the form M (N0 3 ) 2 , MN0 3 ,
- M (CH 3 COO) 2 , M (CH 3 COO), MC1 2 , MCI, MS0 4 , where M is a metal preferably included in the list described above.
- the second compound comprises a source of hydroxide ions, OH.
- the second compound may preferably comprise, preferably consist of an amine, more particularly hexamethylenetetramine (HTMA) and / or ammonia (NH 3 ), and / or sodium hydroxide. (NaOH).
- HTMA hexamethylenetetramine
- NH 3 ammonia
- NaOH sodium hydroxide
- the second compound can thus make it possible to adjust the pH of the solution to a value suitable for the deposit.
- the second compound preferably comprises a source of sulphide, for example comprises thiourea (CS (N3 ⁇ 4) 2) or sodium sulphide (Na2S).
- the second compound preferably comprises a source of selenide, for example comprises selenourea (CSe (N3 ⁇ 4) 2), or sodium selenite (Na2SeS0 3 ).
- CSe selenourea
- Na2SeS0 3 sodium selenite
- concentration threshold so that, when the concentrations of the first and second compounds are below this threshold, the transverse growth of the portions 210 is favored, with respect to a growth of the portions 210 in the thickness direction of the layer 130.
- This threshold may have a value of the order of 10 mM, for example equal to 10 mM. It is considered here that the concentrations of the first and second compounds correspond to their concentrations at the time of their introduction into the growth bath. The forecast of concentrations below the concentration threshold defined above makes it possible to form a portion 210 in each of the openings 135.
- the step of Figure 3 is implemented when, at the end of the step of Figure 2, each portion 210 constitutes only a first part of a future nanowire.
- Second parts 310 of the nanowires are then deposited in a chemical bath.
- the parts 310 extend from the portions 210 away from the layer 130.
- the assembly of a portion 210 and of the part 310, formed on the portion 210, constitutes a nanowire 320.
- the temperature of the chemical bath is between 60 ° C and 100 ° C.
- the deposition is preferably carried out for a period of between 1 minute and 180 minutes depending on the length of the nanowires that it is desired to obtain.
- the nanowires 320 have a length greater than 500 n, preferably greater than 1 ⁇ m.
- the step of FIG. 3 thus makes it possible to obtain nanowires 320 having a length greater than the thickness of the perforated layer 130.
- the perforated layer 130 then has a thickness less than 100 nm, preferably less than 50 nm. Compared to a thicker perforated layer 130, this makes it possible to accelerate the step of FIG. 2 and makes it possible to increase the free length of the nanowires 320.
- free length is meant a length over which the nanowires 320 are not. surrounded by solid material. The greater the free length, the more easily the nanowires are deformable, which advantageously increases the sensitivity of a sensor using deformations of nanowires.
- the nanowires 320 can have a form factor, defined by the ratio between the length of the nanowires and the smallest transverse dimension of the nanowires, greater than the aspect ratio of nanowires made up of the only portions 210.
- the composition of the chemical bath used to form the parts 310 is different from that of the chemical bath used to form the portions 210.
- the chemical bath comprises, in solution: Zn (NO3) 2 and HMTA, in concentrations greater than 20 mM; and or
- Such an additive can comprise a polyethyleneimine PEI, or 1'ethylenediamine.
- composition of the chemical bath described above makes it possible to form, from the portions 210, parts 310 extending vertically, that is to say orthogonally to the surface of the metal region 120, in other words orthogonally to the layer 130. It is thus possible to obtain parts 310 whose transverse dimensions are substantially equal to the transverse dimensions of the portions. 210.
- This makes it possible to obtain nanowires the cross section of which is substantially constant over substantially the entire length of each nanowire. In other words, the nanowires are substantially cylindrical, of revolution or not, or substantially prismatic. Compared to nanowires having non-constant sections, constant section nanowires make it possible to improve the operation of a device using these constant section nanowires.
- the chemical bath described in relation to FIG. 3 can be adapted to materials other than ZnO.
- Zn (N0 3 ) 2 and HMTA respectively constitute the first and second compounds described above, which may be different from Zn (N0 3 ) 2 and HMTA.
- a person skilled in the art is able to determine, by routine tests: a concentration threshold so that, when the concentrations of the first and second compounds are below this threshold, the growth of the parts 310 orthogonally to the layer 130 is favored with respect to a transverse growth of the parts 310.
- This threshold can have a value of the order of 20 mM, for example equal to 20 mM; and / or additives also making it possible to promote the growth of the parts 310 orthogonally to the layer 130 with respect to a transverse growth of the parts 310.
- Figures 4 to 6 are sectional views, partial and schematic, showing successive steps of a second embodiment of a nanowire manufacturing process.
- a support 110 and a metal region 120 identical or similar to those described in relation to FIG. 1 and arranged in an identical or similar manner.
- an initiating layer 410 is formed on the metal region 120.
- the future nanowires will be formed on and in contact with the free surface of the initiating layer 410.
- the layer priming 410 comprises, for example consists of, the same material as that of the future nanowires.
- the initiating layer 410 is made of ZnO. More preferably, the initiating layer is a layer of ZnO nanoparticles. By nanoparticles is meant particles whose largest dimensions are less than one micrometer, preferably less than 500 nm.
- the metallic region 120 is omitted.
- layer 410 and metallic region 120 are omitted and the upper surface of support 110 defines an initiation surface.
- the layer 410 is omitted and the surface of the metallic region 120 constitutes an initiation surface, as described in relation to FIGS. 1 to 3.
- a deoxyribonucleic acid origami DNA 430 is formed on the priming surface.
- DNA origami is understood to mean a three-dimensional structure formed by a set of folded DNA strands. Parts of the different DNA strands are attached to each other by staples.
- the staples are preferably pieces of DNA.
- the bases of the DNA strands are chosen, for example using standard software, so that the folding of the DNA strands in aqueous solution in the presence of the staples forms the desired three-dimensional structure.
- the DNA origami 430 is in contact with the priming surface and covers all or part of the priming surface
- the DNA origami 430 is preferably located on the layers 120 and 410.
- the layer 410 is omitted and the metallic layer 420 is gold and defines the priming layer, one can provide thiol groups to hang DNA origami 430 on the priming surface.
- the DNA origami 430 has through openings 435.
- the DNA origami 430 has an average thickness C, defined outside the openings.
- the mean thickness C is preferably uniform over the entire priming surface or over the part of the priming surface covered by the DNA origami.
- DNA origami has the three-dimensional structure of a perforated layer.
- the average thickness C is between a few nanometers, that is to say between of the order of 2 nm to 10 nm, and a few tens of nanometers, that is to say between order of 20 nm and 100 nm.
- the average thickness C is of the order of 10 nm, for example equal to 10 nm.
- the openings 435 are preferably arranged in a network, more preferably in a regular network such as a network having, in top view, a symmetry of order two, three, four or six.
- the openings 435 are preferably arranged in a matrix, the matrix having the same row and column pitches.
- the row and column pitch is between 15 nm and 30 nm, preferably equal to 20 nm or to 25 nm.
- Each opening 435 has for example the shape of a rectangular or, preferably, square section.
- the section of each opening 435 can also have a rounded shape, for example substantially circular.
- all of the openings 435 have the same sectional shape and the same section dimensions.
- the openings 435 have for example a transverse dimension Al of less than 100 nm, preferably less than 40 nm, more preferably less than 20 nm, even more preferably less than 15 nm.
- the transverse dimension Al is also preferably greater than 5 nm. More preferably, the transverse dimension Al is of the order of 10 nm.
- the array of openings 435 has a distance B1 between neighboring openings of between 0.5 and 3 times the transverse dimension Al of the openings 435.
- the openings 435 are filled with the material of the nanowires. Portions 210 of the material are thus formed in the openings 435. Portions 210 extend from the initiating surface. More precisely, the portions 210 are in contact with the initiating layer 410, or, if the latter is omitted, with the metallic layer 120.
- the material of the portions 210 can be any material that can be formed by deposition in a chemical bath, as described in relation to FIG. 2. Thus, the material of the portions 210 can be a metal oxide such as NiO, AgO, CU2O, or for example CdO.
- the deposited material can also be a metal hydroxide, preferably FeOOH or Cu (OH) 2-
- the deposited material can also be a chalcogenide, CdS, ZnS, PbS, CdSe, ZnSe, or for example NiSe.
- the deposited material has piezoelectric properties, more preferably, the material of the portions 210 is zinc oxide (ZnO).
- the portions 210 are formed by deposition in a chemical bath, in the manner described in relation to FIG. 2.
- the portions 210 can be formed by any usual process making it possible to form portions in through openings of a perforated layer.
- the deposition can be carried out in the presence or in the absence of an electric field, or by electrolysis.
- the deposit can also be made on any the surface of the structure obtained in the step of FIG. 4, the parts located above the upper level of the DNA origami 430 then being optionally removed, in part or in whole, for example by polishing.
- the DNA origami (430, FIG. 5) is removed.
- This removal is for example carried out by a plasma suitable for etching the DNA origami selectively with respect to the material of the portions 210.
- each portion 210 constitutes a nanowire.
- the portions 210 completely fill the openings (435, FIG. 5), and the length of the nanowires is then equal to the thickness C (FIG. 4) of the DNA origami (430, FIG. 5).
- each nanowire is formed by depositing in a chemical bath on one of the portions 210, in the manner described above in relation to FIG. 3.
- the nanowires then preferably have a greater length. at 500 n, more preferably greater than 1 ⁇ m.
- the step of FIG. 6 can then be omitted.
- DNA origami makes it possible to obtain nanowires of smaller diameter and / or to achieve a greater density of nanowires on the surface.
- the diameter of the nanowires can be less than 10 nm.
- the density of the nanowires is preferably greater than 10 nanowires per pm 2 , for example greater than 50 nanowires per pm 2 , preferably equal to or greater than 625 per pm 2 , or even equal to, or greater than, 1600 per. pm 2 .
- DNA origami thus makes it possible to improve the precision and the sensitivity of a sensor using the nanowires obtained.
- FIGS. 7 to 9 are partial and schematic sectional views showing steps of an example of a method for manufacturing a sensor comprising nanowires. This method implements the steps of Figures 1 to 3 or the steps of Figures 4 to 6.
- the sensor is for example a fingerprint sensor.
- the sensor comprises a matrix of pixels. A single pixel has been represented, the other pixels being similar or identical to the pixel represented.
- a support 110 is provided consisting of a semiconductor substrate, for example made of silicon.
- the sensor comprises a circuit, not shown, for controlling / reading the pixel, comprising transistors, for example MOS type transistors.
- the circuit is preferably of the CMOS type.
- all or part of the transistors of the circuit associated with each pixel are located in and on the substrate 110, directly above a location 710 in which the nanowires will be formed.
- the location 710 of each pixel typically has a square shape when viewed from above.
- the side dimensions of location 710 are between 0.8 ⁇ m and 1.5 ⁇ m, preferably are about 1 ⁇ m, more preferably are 1 ⁇ m.
- Each pixel comprises two electrically conductive regions 720 and 722 located on the side of the front face of the substrate 110 (that is to say in the upper part of the substrate). Electrically conductive regions 722 are electrically connected to the circuit associated with the pixel.
- the front face of the substrate 110 is covered with an electrically insulating layer 730, typically made of silicon oxide. The insulating layer 730 is crossed right through by a conductive via 732 located on the conductive region 722.
- the metallic layer 740 constitutes a metallic conductive region.
- the conductive via 732 puts the metal layer 740 in electrical contact with the conductive region 722.
- An opening 742 is provided in the metal layer 740 in line with, that is to say opposite, the region. conductive 720.
- the metallic layer 740 is identical or similar to the metallic layer 120 of the embodiments described in relation to FIGS. 1 to 6.
- Nanowires 750 are formed on the metal layer 740 in the manner described above in relation to FIGS. 1 to 3 and / or with FIGS. 4 to 6 to form the nanowires 210 or 320. Preferably, the nanowires 750 are in contact with the metal layer 740.
- the nanowires 750 are formed only at the location 710.
- the surface of the metal layer 740 can be hydrophobic outside of location 710.
- a polymer layer 810 is formed, filling the space between the nanowires 750.
- the layer 810 thus forms an electrically insulating polymer matrix. More precisely, the polymer is more flexible than the material of the nanowires 750, that is to say that it has a lower modulus of elasticity, for example more than 10 times lower, than that of the nanowires 750.
- the layer 810 is formed such that the upper end of the nanowires 750, i.e. the end of the nanowires 750 opposite the region metal 740, is flush with the upper surface of the layer 810.
- the layer 810 covers the front face of the structure obtained in the step of FIG. 7 outside the location 710. The layer 810 is in contact with the insulating layer 730 in the opening 742 of the metal layer 740.
- a conductive via 910 is formed passing through the layer 810 right through and located directly above the conductive region 720.
- the conductive via 910 passes through the opening 742 of the conductive layer 740.
- the conductive via 910 is isolated from the side walls of the opening 742 by portions of the layer 810.
- An electrically conductive region 920 covering the nanowires 750 is also formed.
- the conductive region 920 is in contact with the upper ends of the nanowires 750.
- the conductive region 920 can be made of the same material as the via 910.
- the regions 920 and the material of via 910 can then be formed simultaneously.
- the conductive region 920 can also be formed after the material of the via 910, and the conductive region 920 and the conductive via 910 can then be of different materials.
- the material of the conductive layer 920 is transparent over a range of wavelengths.
- the wavelength range corresponds to visible radiation, that is to say between approximately 400 nm and approximately 800 nm.
- transparent layer is meant that more than 50%, preferably more than 90%, of any radiation in the wavelength range entering the layer perpendicularly through one of the main faces of the layer (parallel to the plane of the layer) emerges from the layer by the other of the main faces.
- the layer 810 is also transparent. When the sensor is subjected to radiation passing through the conductive layer 920, this radiation can thus be detected thanks to its interaction with the nanowires.
- the conductive regions 920 of the neighboring pixels are isolated from each other.
- the conductive regions 920 are preferably obtained by steps consisting in: forming a conductive layer comprising the future conductive regions 920; covering this conductive layer with a lithographed layer, not shown, having openings outside the locations of the conductive regions 920; and etching the parts of the conductive layer located directly above the openings of the lithographed layer.
- the nanowires 750 are arranged parallel to each other and have their ends in respective contact with the conductive regions 740 and 920.
- the conductive regions 740 and 920 are in electrical contact with the respective regions 722 and 720 via the respective vias 732 and 910.
- the regions 722 and 720 constitute electrodes of the pixel.
- the substrate 110 comprises, directly above each pixel, at least part of the circuit associated with this pixel, allows, with respect to a sensor in which the circuits are not directly above the pixels , to increase the compactness and / or the resolution of the sensor.
- the nanowires have transverse dimensions as defined above, makes it possible, compared to nanowires having higher lateral dimensions, to reduce the size of the pixels and thus to increase the resolution of the sensor.
- the resolution of the sensor obtained can be less than 50 ⁇ m, preferably of the order of 1 ⁇ m.
- the nanowires are piezoelectric, that is to say are made of a piezoelectric material.
- a pressure or a force exerted on the region 920 deforms the nanowires and causes a potential difference measured by the circuit associated with the pixel.
- the material of the nanowires is chosen from among zinc oxide, ZnO, cadmium sulphide, CdS, and cadmium selenide, CdSe.
- the piezoelectric material can also be chosen from materials having a crystalline structure of the wurtzite type. Nanowires can also include several of these materials.
- the metallic region 740 is directly in contact with the nanowires 750.
- An electrical contact of Schottky type is thus preferably formed between the metallic region 740 and the nanowires 750.
- the sensitivity of the sensor is then advantageously , greater than that of a similar sensor but also comprising a layer such as layer 410 (FIGS. 4 to 6) located between the metallic region 740 and the nanowires 750.
- the formation of the origami 430 on the layer 120 or 740 is carried out while this layer is carried by the support 110, it is possible to provide, according to another embodiment, to form the origami 430 on the layer 120 before attaching the latter to the support or substrate 110.
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Abstract
Description
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FR1913617A FR3103828B1 (fr) | 2019-12-02 | 2019-12-02 | Dispositif comprenant des nanofils |
PCT/EP2020/084164 WO2021110701A1 (fr) | 2019-12-02 | 2020-12-01 | Dispositif comprenant des nanofils |
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FR2997558B1 (fr) * | 2012-10-26 | 2015-12-18 | Aledia | Dispositif opto-electrique et son procede de fabrication |
KR102650657B1 (ko) * | 2017-05-25 | 2024-03-25 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 센싱용 기판, 센싱용 기판의 제조 방법, 및 센싱용 기판을 포함하는 분석 장치 |
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