Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
  • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
  • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
  • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
  • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
  • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
  • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
  • C04B28/021—Ash cements, e.g. fly ash cements ; Cements based on incineration residues, e.g. alkali-activated slags from waste incineration ; Kiln dust cements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
  • C04B28/04—Portland cements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
  • C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
  • C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
  • C04B28/065—Calcium aluminosulfate cements, e.g. cements hydrating into ettringite
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
  • C04B28/08—Slag cements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
  • C04B28/10—Lime cements or magnesium oxide cements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
  • C04B28/10—Lime cements or magnesium oxide cements
  • C04B28/12—Hydraulic lime
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
  • C04B38/02—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding chemical blowing agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
  • C04B2111/00181—Mixtures specially adapted for three-dimensional printing (3DP), stereo-lithography or prototyping
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
  • C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

• It relates more particularly to the manufacture of insulating elements by an additive manufacturing technique.
• Additive manufacturing techniques are now experiencing promising developments in a large number of technical fields. Also called
• additive manufacturing is a method in which a computer-controlled robot makes three-dimensional objects by continuously depositing material layer after layer. These techniques make it possible in particular to manufacture objects having complex shapes. Additive manufacturing, for example, has been used to manufacture structural elements such as concrete walls.
• additive manufacturing of building components enables the integration of design, planning and construction processes and the automation and rationalization of the latter.
• Other advantages of this technology include reduced labor costs, reduced material consumption and losses, eliminating shuttering, and reducing project and investment times.
• cement or mortar is used indifferently to mean a material comprising a hydraulic binder and aggregates.
• a wet mortar obtained by mixing a dry mortar and mixing water, is pumped and conveyed to a print head secured to a robot or a gantry whose movement is controlled by a computer.
• a layer of wet mortar is deposited on a previously deposited layer of mortar, generally by being extruded through a nozzle.
• the print head is continuously moved according to a predetermined pattern in order to manufacture the final object.
• the invention proposes a different way of obtaining insulating construction elements by this type of technique.
• the subject of the invention is a process for obtaining an insulating element made of mineral foam by additive manufacturing, in which layers of a superimposed mineral foam paste are successively deposited, said mineral foam having, after hardening, a mass. volume not exceeding 200 kg / m 3 .
• a subject of the invention is also a process for obtaining a construction element comprising at least one structural element and at least one insulating element in mineral foam, said process comprising a step of obtaining said insulating element in mineral foam by the method of the invention.
• Another object of the invention is an insulating element made of mineral foam, or a construction element, capable of being obtained by one of these methods.
• the invention therefore applies additive manufacturing techniques not to construct the structural or supporting element of the construction element, but on the contrary to construct the insulating element.
• Printing the insulating element makes it possible in particular to benefit from the advantages of additive manufacturing while complying, with regard to the manufacture of structural elements, with certified and recognized conventional processes, which do not require special authorizations.
• the construction element will most often be a wall or a wall element, in particular for a facade or shear wall. It can also be a floor element.
• the element will generally be intended to be integrated into the structure of a building.
• the term “mineral foam” is understood to mean an alveolar or cellular mineral material.
• the alveoli or cells are preferably filled with air.
• the size of the alveoli or cells is preferably at most 400 ⁇ m, in particular at most 250 ⁇ m.
• the volume proportion of air in the foam is preferably between 10 and 80% (not taking into account the air included in the possible light porous aggregates described in the remainder of the text).
• the mineral foam preferably comprises at least one hydraulic binder.
• Obtaining the mineral foam paste preferably comprises mixing with an aqueous solution of a dry composition comprising at least one hydraulic binder, then kneading the mineral paste thus obtained.
• dry composition is meant a pulverulent mixture.
• the final foam can be called hardened foam, or else cement foam, mortar foam or concrete foam.
• the aqueous solution may simply be water, or else water comprising in solution, in dispersion or in suspension one or more additives, in particular organic, for example surfactants, or else inorganic, for example silica nanoparticles.
• the hydraulic binder is chosen in particular from Portland cements, aluminous cements, sulphoaluminous cements, hydrated lime, ground granulated blast furnace slags, fly ash and mixtures thereof.
• the mineral foam and / or the dry composition can also comprise aggregates, in particular light aggregates, that is to say having an apparent density of less than 200 kg / m 3 .
• the light aggregates are chosen in particular from perlite, vermiculite, expanded glass beads, expanded polystyrene beads, cenospheres, expanded silicates, aerogels and mixtures thereof.
• the mineral foam can also comprise aggregates other than light aggregates, but preferably in a weight content of at most 20%, in particular at most 15%, or even at most 10% or at most 5%. (after hardening).
• the maximum size of the aggregates is preferably at most 3 mm, in particular at most 2 mm and even at most 1 mm, taking into account the reduced section of the pumping device and of the nozzle of the head. impression. To ensure good stability of the foam, the maximum size of the aggregates is even advantageously at most 0.1 mm. The maximum size can be checked, for example, by sieving.
• the dry composition preferably comprises at least one additive, in particular chosen from superplasticizers, thickeners, accelerators and retarders.
• the dry mortar advantageously comprises inorganic thickeners, for example swelling clays, capable of increasing the elastic limit at rest of the wet mortar.
• the accelerators and retarders make it possible to adjust the time required for the setting and hardening of the hydraulic binder.
• the mineral foam paste can be obtained by various techniques, which have in common the fact that a gas, in particular air, is introduced into the paste.
• the gas can in particular be generated or introduced during the mixing of the mineral paste, or alternatively provided by an aqueous foam or by a solution containing a gas generating agent, added to the paste after mixing.
• the dry composition and / or the aqueous solution comprises an air entraining agent capable of trapping air within the mineral paste during mixing.
• the mineral foam paste is formed during kneading.
• an agent is preferably a surfactant. It may in particular be an anionic surfactant.
• the anionic surfactant is advantageously chosen from alkylsulphates, alkylsulphonates, alkylethersulphates, alkylarylsulphates and surfactants prepared from proteins or amino acids, for example N-acylglutamates and N-acylsarcosinates.
• the air entraining agent can also be polyvinyl alcohol.
• the dry composition preferably comprises at least 40%, or even at least 60% of weight of light aggregates, a hydraulic binder comprising a sulphoaluminous cement and / or an aluminous cement, an air-entraining agent, in a weight content of at least 0.3%, in particular of at least 0.5%, and optionally a thickening agent, in particular chosen from polyvinyl alcohols, starch ethers, cellulose ethers, guar ethers and clays.
• the lightweight aggregates preferably have an average diameter of at most 80 ⁇ m.
• the dry composition and / or the aqueous solution comprises a gas generating agent capable of generating gas bubbles within the mineral paste during its mixing.
• a gas generating agent capable of generating gas bubbles within the mineral paste during its mixing.
• Such an agent is for example a metal powder (for example aluminum, zinc, silicon, etc.) capable of reacting with water and hydroxides. It can also be a peroxide, for example hydrogen peroxide, capable for example of reacting with manganese salts.
• the gas generating agent can be added to the mineral paste (after mixing).
• obtaining the mineral foam paste can comprise a step of adding to the kneaded paste an aqueous solution comprising this agent. This addition can be done just before the printhead.
• obtaining the mineral foam paste further comprises a step of obtaining an aqueous foam then a step of mixing said aqueous foam with the mineral paste.
• the mineral foam is obtained by mixing the kneaded mineral paste and the aqueous foam.
• the aqueous foam is for example obtained by mixing water and a foaming agent (or a foam stabilizing agent) then by introducing a gas, in particular air, by stirring, bubbling or alternatively injection under pressure.
• the median diameter bubbles of the aqueous foam is preferably at most 400 mpi, especially at most 250 ⁇ m.
• the foaming agent is for example a surfactant. According to a preferred example, it is a surfactant derived from proteins or amino acids.
• the mineral foam paste preferably comprises 10 to 70% water; from 30 to 75%, in particular from 40 to 60%, of cement, in particular of Portland cement; from 10 to 70%, in particular from 15 to 40%, of fillers, in particular limestone fillers, the median diameter of which (for a volume distribution) is at most 5 ⁇ m, in particular between 1 and 4 ⁇ m; up to 10%, in particular between 1 and 7%, of fine particles whose median diameter is at most 1 ⁇ m; and optionally additives (water reducing agents, plasticizers, superplasticizers, retarding or accelerating agents, thickening agents, foaming agents, etc.). All the contents indicated are contents by weight.
• the mixing of the aqueous foam with the mineral paste is preferably carried out by means of a static mixer, in particular of the helical type.
• the aqueous foam comprises the mixture of a cationic surfactant which is a salt (in particular a halide) of quaternary ammonium and of an anionic surfactant which is a salt (in particular an alkali salt) C10-C24 carboxylic acid, for example potassium stearate.
• the hydraulic binder is then preferably Portland cement, in particular of the CEM I 52.5 type.
• the mineral foam paste preferably comprises a latex, in particular chosen from vinyl and / or acrylic (co) polymers, for example styrene-acrylic copolymers.
• the aqueous foam comprises nanoparticles, in particular of silica, which have the property of stabilizing the particles. foams. Such foams are called “Pickering foams".
• the silica nanoparticles can themselves be stabilized by surfactants.
• the density of the mineral foam after hardening is preferably between 40 and 200 kg / m 3 , in particular between 50 and 180 kg. / m 3 , or even between 60 and 150 kg / m 3 , or even between 80 and 120 kg / m 3 .
• the foam Due to the presence of a large quantity of gas, in particular air, trapped in a mineral matrix, the foam has low thermal conductivity, in particular by reducing heat transfers by convection and by conduction.
• the thermal conductivity of the mineral foam after curing is preferably at most 60 mW.m _1 .K _1 .
• the process comprises the successive deposition of superimposed layers of mineral foam paste.
• the mineral foam paste is preferably pumped (in particular using a pump) and conveyed, generally in a pipe, to the print head of a printer.
• the print head notably comprises a nozzle through which the paste is extruded.
• the extrusion nozzle is preferably located within 100mm of the underlying layer.
• the printer is for example an industrial robot or a gantry, carrying the print head, and whose movement is controlled by a computer.
• the computer comprises in particular a recording medium in which is stored a set of data or 3D model as well as instructions, which when they are executed by the computer lead the latter to control the movement (trajectory, speed, etc. ) of the printhead.
• the printing speed is typically 30 to 1000 mm / s, in particular 50 to 300 mm / s.
• the thickness (or height, since this is the dimension in the vertical direction) of the dough layers is preferably between 5 and 40 mm, in particular between 10 and 20 mm.
• the width of the layers of dough is preferably between 10 and 300 mm, in particular between 20 and 100 mm.
• this mixing is preferably carried out by means of a static mixer.
• the addition of the aqueous foam is preferably carried out between the pump and the printhead, ideally as close as possible to the printhead in order to maintain the structure of the foam.
• the quantity of aqueous foam relative to the quantity of mineral paste is preferably adjusted automatically, in particular as a function of the desired density.
• the ratio between the volume of added aqueous foam and the volume of mineral paste is preferably between 5 and 12. For example, for a density after hardening of 100 kg / m 3 , the ratio between the volume of added aqueous foam and the volume of mineral paste is typically of the order of 10.
• the method preferably comprises adding to the mineral foam paste, before deposition, a setting and / or hardening accelerator or a rheology modifying agent.
• the addition can in particular be made at the level of the nozzle or near the nozzle, therefore just before extrusion.
• the accelerator or the rheology modifying agent can be added immediately after the deposition, at the surface of the layers.
• the setting accelerator is for example an aluminum sulphate or a lithium salt, depending on the type of hydraulic binder used.
• the rheology modifying agent makes it possible, for example, to confer a thixotropic character on the dough.
• the addition of a setting accelerator or a rheology modifying agent makes it possible to rapidly consolidate the layers of mineral foam, so that that they can support the weight of the overlying layers without deformation.
• construction element comprising at least one structural element and at least one insulating element made of mineral foam can be carried out in different ways.
• structural element is understood to mean an element of the building which fulfills a structural role or which participates in its reinforcement.
• the structural element is for example a concrete wall.
• the insulating element forms a shuttering, the method further comprising a step of filling said shuttering with a structural element, in particular made of concrete.
• a structural element in particular made of concrete.
• the insulating element is printed so as to form two walls facing each other and leaving a cavity, in which concrete is poured.
• the walls can be flat or have the most diverse shapes, as allowed by the additive manufacturing technique.
• a construction element is thus formed comprising a concrete wall surrounded by two external insulating layers.
• the layers of mineral foam are deposited against at least one pre-existing structural element.
• the layers are thus deposited in contact with an element, for example concrete, along at least one of its main surfaces.
• an element for example concrete
• a concrete wall is obtained which has an insulating layer on at least one (possibly on two) of its surfaces.
• the layers of mineral foam can be deposited between and in contact with two pre-existing structural elements.
• a wall is formed comprising a first and a second concrete wall between which is placed a layer of mineral foam.
• the building elements can be prefabricated elements, intended to be assembled on the construction site, for example by means of a mortar, in order to form the exterior or interior walls (for example the shear walls) of a building.
• the elements can also be manufactured directly on the construction site and form the complete wall of the building.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Finishing Walls (AREA)

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• 2019
  • 2019-11-25 FR FR1913145A patent/FR3103484A1/fr active Pending
• 2020
  • 2020-11-25 WO PCT/EP2020/083358 patent/WO2021105207A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2020-11-25 EP EP20808476.4A patent/EP4065538A1/fr active Pending
  • 2020-11-25 CN CN202080081501.0A patent/CN114667274A/zh active Pending

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